2007୍12ᄅଽܞ॓ն࿐࿐БDecember,2007ֻ26जֻ4௹, ໓ᅣщݼ:1004-9762(2007)004-0375-03୪Ӂෂఒြթᄝࣜ࠶ܿଆٳ༅X侯文英1,丁立刚2(11ଽܞ॓ն࿐ࠏྀ۽ӱ࿐ჽ,ଽܞЇ 014010;21ଽܞ॓ն࿐࿐ჽ,ଽܞЇ 014010)ܱՍ:ෂᇏྏ;ੀ;ܿଆࣜ࠶;ིၭඣ;ӮЧᇏٳোݼ:F224 ໓ངѓ്:Aᅋ ေ:୪Ӂෂఒြ֥ࡹഡܿଆ࿖ܿଆࣜ࠶֥ग़ܴܿੰ,๙ݖᄎႨш࠽ིၭ־ࡨܿੰބܿଆࣜ࠶ჰ,Ֆ/ෂᇏྏܿଆაིၭඣ֥ܱ༢0ބ/ෂᇏྏܿଆაֆ໊ෂӮЧ֥ܱ༢0ԛؿ[1],ٳ༅ෂᇏྏ҂ܿଆ༯֥ӮЧބིၭ,֤֞ෂᇏྏܿଆ֥ቋࡄሧ/ӮЧ-ིၭ0ଆ,ѩᄝՎࠎԤഈٳ༅ෂఒြࡹഡቋࡄܿଆሧ1Economicscaleanalysisofagro-productdistributionenterprisesHOUWen-yin1g,DINGL-igan2g(,InnermongoliaUniversityofScienceandTechnology,Baotou014010,China;,InnerMongoliaUniversityofScienceandTechnology,Baotou014010,China)Keywords:distributioncenter;logistics;economiesofscale;thelevelofeffectiveness;costAbstract:-tionbetweendistributioncenterscaleandthelevelofeffectivenessandtherelationbetweendistributioncenterscaleandunitdistributioncost[1],thecostandeffectivenessofdistributioncenterunderdifferentscaleswereanalyzedbyusingthegradualdecreasinglawofmarginaleffec-tivenessandeconomiesofscaleprinciple,andthebestmodelof/-mentscaleofdistributionenterpriseconstructionwasanalyzedonthebasisofthismodel. ෂఒြ֥ࡹഡсྶࠎႿੀކ߄ބ൧ӆؿژކ୪Ӂ༷ࠃหྟa࠱ࢫหྟaൈࡗหྟ֥୪Ӂᅚਆ۱ٚ૫֥ླေ1ᄝؓෂఒြ֥ࡹഡܿଆࣉྛੀෂఒြֆ໊ࣜ࠶ܿଆ٤ӈсေ1ܿ߃ൈ,сྶॉ੮֞ြༀਈaြༀྟᇉࠣෂఒြۿି֩໙ี1ൈ,္ေॉ੮ြༀ֥ؿᅚ౦ঃ1ᆺႵކ1 ࠎЧۀֹܿ߃ෂఒြ֥ࡹഡܿଆ,Ҍିղ֞ሧჷ֥Ⴕܿଆࣜ࠶(EconomiesofScale)Ⴛӫ/ܿଆ০ၭ0ི০Ⴈ,ၛࠣࣜ࠶ིၭބഠ߶ིၭ֥ቋն߄1ੀ(ScaleMerit),൞ᆷ๙ݖކνஆ၂קࣜ࠶ൌุଽ۲ෂࠃ൞ᄝੀؿᅚݖӱᇏӁളѩ҂؎ؿᅚఏটളӁေ֥б২ބඔਈ,Ֆط॥ᇅࣜ࠶ൌุ֥ᆜุ,֥ѩෛሢੀࠃ֥ധೆބੀڛༀഠ߶߄ӱ؇ܿଆط౼֤֥ࢫჿࠇࣜ࠶ིၭ1ܿଆࣜ࠶֥၂۱ᇶ֥ิۚ,ᄝൌᇏ҂؎ဆၶބປఃቆᆮࢲܒ1୪ေჰၹ൞ऍحӦӮЧࠇܥקӮЧ֥թᄝ,ؓࣉೆӁෂఒြ൞Ֆ൙ࠊС(ࠢࠊҝԥaౢ༡ࡆ֥ཋᇅॖၛх૧ᇗگࡹഡ֝ᇁ֥শٮ1ܿଆࣜ࠶֥۽aࡣ࿊ࠊ)ѩቆᆮؓႨ֥ෂࠊ,ၛۚඣൌགྷᄎྛܿੰ൞:ᄝ၂ק֥ളӁܿଆࠎԤഈ,ෛሢܿଆ֥ཧ൲ބ܂ႋڛༀ֥གྷսੀ๙ഡീ1ؓ୪Ӂෂطঔն,ႮႿളӁ֥҂ॖٳྟ,ֆ໊Ӂٳข֥ܥקӮ,ႮႿఃളӁଆൔaੀ๙ଆൔ҂མࠣఃᇶุ֥؟ЧႵ෮༯ࢆ1ܿଆᆷ֥൞ളӁ֥ਈࠇളӁ༢֥ဢ߄,֝ᇁෂ༢҂ປಆ1ࢺႿ୪ြੀჳଆնཬ,ऎุႵਆᇕ౦ঃ,၂ᇕ൞ളӁഡС่ࡱ҂э,ൔ֥؟ᇕр؊,࿙ᅳൡႿ୪৳ކุሧڄགཬ,ࠧളӁି৯҂э౦ঃ༯֥ളӁਈэ߄,ਸ਼၂ᇕ൞X൬۠ರ௹:2007-09-11ቔᆀࡥࢺ:ޥ໓ႇ(1959-),ଳ,ଽܞЇದ,ଽܞ॓ն࿐ڬ࢝൱1
376ଽܞ॓ն࿐࿐Б2007୍12ᄅ ֻ26जֻ4௹ളӁഡС่ࡱࠧളӁି৯э߄ൈ֥ളӁਈэ߄1๙ᅝႨ٤ӈնط႕ཙთ֡ਫ਼ӎ๙1طؓႿն؟ඔܿଆࣜ࠶ۀᇏ֥ܿଆᆷ֥൞ުᆀ,ࠧϴෛሢളӁӬটඪႮႿ୪Ӂཨٮླॖၛࢳູनᄋٳି৯ঔնطԛགྷ֥ളӁਈ֥ঔն,طࣜ࠶ᄵݣႵ҃,ၹՎॖၛ০Ⴈऊোٳ༅ჰࡼఃٳູࠫ۱ࢫസaིၭ֥ၩන1οᅶಃຯྟ֥Їওঘڏࣜ࠶࿐თ1ૄ۱თؓႋႵࣜ࠶ෂܿଆПඔ֥ෂఒՊׅ֥ࢳ,ܿଆࣜ࠶ᆷ֥൞۳קඌ่֥ࡱ༯(ᆷြ1ᆃᇕֆ໊ࣜ࠶ܿଆሧ-ིၭቋࡄ,ሧཬൡႿીႵඌэ߄),ؓႿଖ၂Ӂ(ં൞ֆ၂Ӂߎ୪৳ކ֥ᄎႏᇶุ,ಸၞྙӮෂఒြ֥൧ӆ൞گކӁ),ೂݔᄝଖུӁਈٓຶଽनӮЧ൞༯߄ࠏᇅ1ࢆࠇഈശ֥߅,ૌࣼಪູթᄝሢܿଆࣜ࠶(ࠇ҂ࣜ࠶)1ऎุіགྷ/ູӉ௹नӮЧ౷ཌ0ཟ༯ౠ3 ඔ࿐ٳ༅,ོՖᆃᇕၩၬഈඪ,Ӊ௹नӮЧ౷ཌь൞ܿଆ౷ཌ,Ӊഡx൞ሧэਈ,F(x)ູሧིၭ,ࠧ০1௹नӮЧ౷ཌഈ֥ቋ֮ׄࣼ൞/ቋཬቋࡄܿଆᄝᆃx=X(x1,x2,x3,xN)1۴ऌࣜ࠶࿐ܴׄ(MininumOptimalScale)0[2]1ഈඍקၬऎႵ௴ђྟ1ሧᄀն൬ၭࠧᄀն,ѩॉ੮֞ш࠽൬ၭෛሢሧᄹܿଆࣜ࠶ં࣮֥ଽಸбࢠ؟,ೂࣜ࠶ܿଆ֥ᇅࡆط־ࡨ֥ш࠽൬ၭ־ࡨܿੰ,F(x)֥э߄ܿੰჿၹ;ളӁေቆކ֥ቋࡄб২ބඔਈ;࿊ᄴቋႪॖೂ1(ሧ-০౷ཌ)෮ൕ1ࣜ࠶ܿଆ֥ᇶေჰᄵބٚم;࿙ࡹ৫ቋႪࣜ࠶ܿଆࢲܒ֥ؓҦ֩1ቋႪࣜ࠶ܿଆ൞ᆷֆ໊ӁӮЧቋ,֮൬ၭੱቋն߄֥ളӁܿଆ1ш࠽൬ၭ־ࡨ֥ܿੰ൞ᆷޅఒြ֥ࡹഡބؿᅚթᄝш࠽൬ၭ־ࡨބܿଆࣜ࠶֥གྷའ1ُ൞ളӁေ֥ކб২ିܔڿэ֥ളӁݦඔ,ೂݔఃളӁေܥק҂э,ᄵࣇᄹࡆଖ၂ᇕളӁေൈ,෮ᄹࡆ֥൬ၭ־ࡨ11 ሧ০౷ཌᆃ൞ࣜ࠶࿐ࡅٳ༅ളӁ༢၂ളӁေކೆ ֥ં၇ऌᆭ၂1ႮႿܿଆঔն,ഡС০Ⴈੱބིੱิۚ,ֆ໊Ӂٳք֥ܥקሧЧሇ၍ࡎᆴཌྷႋࡨ၂Ϯࢃ,ෂఒြ֥ቋࡄࣜ࠶ܿଆࣼ൞ܿଆഒ1หљ൞֒ྛܿଆࣜ࠶ൈॖҐႨնིۚބሱሧაܿଆ൬ၭб֥০ੱቋն߄ൈ֥ܿଆ,ՎൈႵ߄ഡС,Ⴕ০ႿิۚসളӁੱ,ࢆ֮ཨݻބิۚmaxF(x)/xթᄝ,ႨG(x)іൕܿଆሧაܿଆӁᇉਈ,طࣜ࠶ིੱ֥ิۚږ؇ေۚႿܿଆঔ൬ၭб֥ݦඔ1ᄵ:ؓG(x)֝ඔ,ࠧն֥ږ؇,ᆃ۱ࢨ؍ܿଆࣜ࠶ྟӫູܿଆིၭ־Gc(x)=[xFc2(x)-F(x)]/x;ᄹ1൞,֒ղ֞၂קܿଆު,ܿଆᄜঔն෮౼֤֥Gc(x)=0,Ⴕ:xFc(x)-F(x)=0;ࣜ࠶ིၭิۚږ؇бܿଆঔնږ؇ေཬ,ᆃ၂ࢨ؍ܣ*:x=F(x)/Fc(x),ܿଆࣜ࠶ྟӫູܿଆིၭ־ࡨ1֒ܿଆঔն֞၂ק*xࣼ൞ؓႋቋࡄࣜ࠶ܿଆֆ໊ෂఒြሧ1ೂཋ؇,ܿଆིၭࡼ҂ᄜԛགྷ[3]12෮ൕ1ш࠽൬ၭ־ࡨܿੰބܿଆࣜ࠶ᄎྛܿੰູෂఒြ֥ࡹഡܿଆิ܂ਔ၇ऌ,ෂఒြႋھ๙ݖሧൡ֥֒ളӁေটࠆ౼ቋࡄࣜ࠶ܿଆིၭ12 ࠎЧනམགྷྛ୪ြੀჳࡹഡ֥ಣӖؓႿႪ൝ԛ,ऎႵთࣜ࠶หֹ֥ׄটඪႵ၂ק֥Ⴊׄ1ᄝሧჷaྐ༏֥ࠢऊି৯ഈ߶ննᄹ఼,ՖطႵܿଆࣜႏ2 ቋࡄིၭܿଆሧބܿଆࣜ࠶གྷའ1൞,Ⴕ؟ٚ૫֥҂০:ೂሧն lnvestementofscalewithbestprofitsڄགն;ᄎႏٮႨ,ۚሧ൬߭ᇛ௹Ӊ,ؓഠ߶ሧჷሹླྀטି৯ေ;ۚႮႿࠢऊႄ৯ིႋؓᇛшࢌ(下转第380页)
380ଽܞ॓ն࿐࿐Б2007୍12ᄅ ֻ26जֻ4௹TA1=01724,TA2=01848,TA3=019241ࣚ؇:(1216170-1158163)/1158163@100%=࠹ෘטᆜ༢ඔK:510%,ژކေ1K10182901829:ဒE*2,E*3,E*4,E*5ٳљູ1211146,=1+-1+-1+601724018481452164,1387123,1490173,ࣚ؇ٳљູ118%,%,%,%1ᄝࡗ?5%ٓຶଽ,न01924-1=11034,ᄵֹ֥ࡹᇽ૫ࠒֆࡎE*ژކࣚ؇ေ11:E*1=11034@[@+@ҕॉ໓ང:()@+@(1-[1] ဗઁѓ,ۚႇ၎1ଆඔ࿐ჰࠣႋႨ[M]1ܼᇜ:10ଲ۽ն࿐ԛϱഠ,)@()@]+@3[2] ᨃཁ1ଡࡹᇽ۽ӱܵᇏ֥ଆඔ࿐ٚم[M]1()+()@(1-Ӊ೬:ଲն࿐ԛϱഠ,)@(++[3] ྸಥᇑ1ଆඔ࿐ࠣఃᄝࣜ࠶ܵᇏ֥ႋႨ[M]1Ӯ)=:༆ଲҍࣜն࿐ԛϱഠ,19971(上接第376页)ሧն০္ն,ѩژކш࠽൬ၭ־ࡨܿ,ੰэ߄ೂݔႵF(x)=A+Blnx֥၂Ϯఒြሧ-০ܿੰაఒြࣜႏིၭႵ,ܱླေοऊোٳ༅֥ٚمܱ༢ൔթᄝ,ఃᇏA,Bູրކ֥ఒြࣜႏหᆘ؟ቆඔऌҐࠢࣉྛކ;ӈඔ,नնႿਬ,թᄝ,Fc(x)=B/x>0,(2)F(x)౷ཌაXᇠ֥ࢌູׄਬ০,ׄࠎЧFd(x)=-B2/x<01ሧေնႿᆃ۱ׄ;۴ऌקၬ:G(x)=F(x)/x=(A+Blnx)/x,(3)ٳ༅ᆣૼ୪Ӂෂఒြሧթᄝֆ໊ࣜପહ,Gc(x)=-A2/x+B2(1-lnx)/x=(B-A-࠶ܿଆ໙ี;Bln2x)/x=0,ࠧB-A-Blnx=0,ࢳ֤*x=(4)୪Ӂෂఒြሧթᄝֆ໊ࣜ࠶ܿଆؓ(B-A)/B*e,xູ൬ၭੱቋնൈ֥ሧ,ؓႋܿଆູࠧႿ࿊ᆶႵᆷ֝ၩၬ1ֆ໊ࣜ࠶ܿଆ1ಸၞٳ༅B-A)/,֒x<*Bҕॉ໓ང:x,x<(e,lnx<(B-A)/B,Blnx<(B-A),B-A-Blnx>0,ܣGc(x)[1] ස݉ୡ1ఒြܿଆэ߄֥ӮЧ-൬ၭٳ༅[J]1ఒြܵ*(B-A)>0;ط֒/Bx>x,x>e,2004,(2):91-921,lnx>(B-A)/B,Blnx>(B-A),B-A-Blnx<0,ܣGc(x)<0[2] ზૼ1ඌࣜ࠶ٳ༅ൌༀ[M]1฿ࣃ:฿ࣃն࿐ԛϱ,ᆩ*ഠ,19941xؓႋG(x)֥ቋնᆴ1[3] ᅝূ,҄ྮब1ܿଆࣜ࠶აఒြࣜ࠶ܿଆ࿊ᄴ[J]14 ࢲંފКࡹᇽ॓࿐ჽ࿐Б,2001,(3):54-561[4] ഫ ኸ1ંੀෂᇏ֥ܿଆࣜ࠶[J]1ੀෂ,(1)F(x)౷ཌ൞࠹݂߭ܿ,ੰ၂Ϯটඪఒြ1998,(6):27-291
