맜샭톧놨뗚1뻭뗚3웚2004쓪11퓂펰쿬췅뛓톧쾰뗄죋볊틲쯘퇐뺿슽병랼ꆡ쪱ꆡ뾱ꆡꆡ햪튪:췅뛓퓚ퟩ횯믮뚯훐냧퇝ퟅ죕틦훘튪뗄뷇즫,뛸췅뛓톧쾰쫇췅뛓돖뻃뺺헹솦뗄룹놾뷢뻶랽낸횮튻ꆣ믘맋쇋맺췢뷼쓪살뛔췅뛓톧쾰뗄퇐뺿,훘뗣뷩짜쇋Edmondson뗄췅뛓톧쾰쒣탍,쿪쾸쳖싛쇋췅뛓톧쾰뗄랢짺맽돌뫍펰쿬췅뛓톧쾰뗄틲쯘,늢뛔헕풭폐뗄ퟩ횯톧쾰샭싛뷸탐쇋뛔뇈럖컶,ퟮ뫳,닻쫶쇋췅뛓톧쾰샭싛뛔폚ퟩ횯쪵볹뗄뷨본틢틥뫍뷸튻늽뾪햹췅뛓톧쾰퇐뺿뗄붨틩ꆣ맘볼듊:췅뛓톧쾰;탂벼쫵;탄샭낲좫;좨췾뷡릹훐춼럖샠뫅:B849ꆡꆡ컄쿗뇪쪶싫:Aꆡꆡ컄헂뇠뫅:1672-884Ò(2004)03-0316-05ꆡꆡ췅뛓쫇평ퟩ횯훐쏷좷뗄돉풱ퟩ돉,릲춬떣뢺쒳쿂늻뫃뗄펡쿳,듳볒뿉쓜믡퓢쫜룼뛠뗄쯰쪧ꆣ폐맘훖닺욷믲헟럾컱퓰죎뗄좺쳥(Hackman,1987)ꆣ쏦탎쿳듺볛(imagecost)퓚쏦ퟓ(facesaving)랽쏦뗄뛔죕쟷뢴퓓뫍늻좷뚨뗄뮷뺳,췅뛓퓚ퟩ횯믮뚯훐냧퇐뺿훐뇭쏷,죋쏇뾴훘ퟔ컒탎쿳,늢쟒쫘놣쇴쯻퇝ퟅ풽살풽훘튪뗄뷇즫ꆣ돽쇋짺닺뫍쿺쫛헢킩늿쏅쏇ퟔ벺뫍웤쯻죋쏦ퟓ뗄짧믡웚췻(Goffman,뗄믮뚯횮췢,쯼퓚탂닺욷뾪랢ꆢ뿧늿쏅뫏ퟷ랽쏦튲1955)ꆣ틲캪튪쟳냯훺ꆢ돐죏쪧컳뫍톰쟳랴삡쿔좻믡쿔쪾돶뻞듳뗄쓜솿,웤ퟷ폃뫜듳돌뛈짏맩릦폚쯼쏇쪹튻킩죋룐떽뚪쪧쇋쏦ퟓ,헢퇹ퟩ횯훐뗄죋쏇뎣뎣볈쓜놣횤뛌웚쓚뗄룟쮮욽벨킧,폖쓜쪵쿖돖탸뗄늻늻풸틢횸돶ퟔ벺뗄맽쪧믲헟늻풸틢톰쟳냯훺,쓄엂뛏룼탂ꆣ퓚헢훖쟩뿶쿂,ퟷ캪킭뗷뫍믱뗃헢킩쒿뇪헢퇹ퟶ쏷쏷믡룸췅뛓믲헟ퟩ횯듸살뫃뒦ꆣ퇐뺿춬퇹뗄잱퓚뷢뻶랽낸,췅뛓톧쾰틽랢쇋퇐뺿헟뗄벫듳탋뇭쏷,퓚ퟩ횯훐틲쳖싛컊쳢틽웰뗄맋싇믡쿞훆죋쏇좤ꆣ듓쇭튻룶뷇뛈살뾴,맘힢췅뛓톧쾰튲쫇룶죋톧좥닎볓컊쳢뷢뻶믮뚯뗄풸췻(MacDuffie,1997)ꆣ쾰뫍ퟩ횯톧쾰퇐뺿뗄퇓짬,헢쫇틲캪,췅뛓쫇룶죋헢훖떣탄뗄쿖쿳퓚탭뛠닣듎뗄럖컶훐뚼폐랢쿖,쯼뫍ퟩ횯횮볤뗄훘튪돐뷓헟,룶죋톧쾰엠통뷡맻뗄잨믡복짙횪뻵뫍탐캪뗄쇩믮탔,튲믡붵뗍룶쳥뗄퓰죎틆쫜떽췅뛓뮷뺳뗄펰쿬(췵열뗈,2002);뛸ퟩ횯톧룐,쓄엂쪵볊쟩뿶뇭쏷,좷쪵탨튪폐헢킩탐캪좥뷢쾰뗄훘튪탎쪽퓲쫇췅뛓톧쾰(키폠뒺,2001)ꆣ뻶틽웰듳볒닺짺늻낲좫룐뗄쓇킩컊쳢ꆣ좻뛸,퓚튻킩쟩뺳훐,죋쏇죏캪횰튵뫍죋볊뗄1ꆡ췅뛓톧쾰뗄뚨틥럧쿕뚼뫜뗍,쯻쏇죔좻튪쟳냯훺ꆢ돐죏쪧컳,늢쳖싛췅뛓톧쾰훷튪횸췅뛓돉풱뇭쿖돶뗄폐훺폚췅컊쳢ꆣ뛔폚헢훖쿖쿳,튻킩뇈뷏짮죫뗄퇐뺿뇭쏷,좺뛓ퟔ짭뗷헻뫍늻뛏룄뷸뗄탐캪(Edmonson,쳥돉풱볤뗄쫬쪶믡복짙듳볒놣돖튻훂뫍틖훆탂틬1999),헢킩톧쾰탐캪냼삨훷뚯톰쟳랴삡ꆢ럖쿭탅탅쾢뗄쟷쫆(Sanna뗈,1990),늻맽,헢킩퇐뺿죔좻쾢ꆢ튪쟳냯훺ꆢ럖컶쪧컳뫍늻뛏뗘뎢쫔ꆣ춨맽헢킩믮늻쓜횱뷓믘듰뫎쪱좺쳥돉풱믡ퟔ죧뗘뇭쿖쓇킩믡뚯,췅뛓돉풱쓜릻첽닢췢뷧뮷뺳뗄뇤뮯,냑컕뿍뮧헐훂죋볊럧쿕뗄탐캪ꆣ튪쟳뗄탂뚯쿲,듓헻쳥짏쳡룟췅뛓뛔폚췢뷧쟩뺳뗄샭뷢,믲헟췚뻲돶쿈잰믮뚯훐쎻폐풤쇏떽뗄뷡맻ꆣ2ꆡ췅뛓톧쾰뗄퓧웚퇐뺿떫틅몶뗄쫇,헢킩쓜릻듸살헽쏦펰쿬뗄탐캪퓚ퟩ횯폫췅뛓톧쾰쿠맘뗄퇐뺿뿉틔ힷ쯝떽췅뛓릤ퟷ훐춨뎣뫜쓑뾴떽,좺쳥돉풱쏇췹췹늻풸틢폫웤쯻죋폐킧탔뗄퇐뺿ꆣ퓧쿈퓚룷훖ퟩ횯쟩뺰훐뷸탐뗄췅럖쿭ퟔ벺뛀폐뗄횪쪶벼쓜,헢퇹,좺쳥쳖싛뗄쓚죝뛓퇐뺿뇭쏷,췅뛓뗄폐킧탔좡뻶폚쯼뗄뷡릹쳘헷,뷶쿞폚듳볒뚼헆컕뗄탅쾢,헢뻍룸좺쳥톧쾰듸살쇋뇈죧짨볆뺫솼뗄췅뛓죎컱ꆢ뫏쫊뗄뛓풱ퟩ돉뫍쳡릩싩랳ꆣ룼캪맘볼뗄쫇,쓇킩뢺퓰랢뚯톧쾰탐캪뗄돉돤럖뗄탅쾢ꆢ풴믲헟놨돪(Hackman,1987)ꆣ쪵풱믡틔캪췅쳥뗄럖쿭뿉쓜뛔ퟔ벺늻샻,죧돐죏쪧컳볊짏탭뛠퇐뺿헟뚼죏캪,췅뛓뗄뷡릹뫍짨볆,냼삨믲헟톰쟳냯훺,헢믲탭쫇쒳룶죋쓜솦늻병뗄뇭쿖,짨놸ꆢ웷닄ꆢ컯샭뮷뺳뫍킽돪쳥쾵뚼쫇쳡룟췅뛓벨듓뛸룸쯻(쯽)ퟔ벺듸살쿻벫뗄펰쿬ꆣ듋췢,듳볒뗄킧뗄ퟮ훘튪틲쯘(Campion뗈,1993),늢쟒랴뛔퓚붻쇷탐캪죧맻룸췅뛓훐뢺퓰릤ퟷ죎컱뻶닟뗄죋쇴췅뛓퇐뺿훐잿뗷죋볊틲쯘(Goodman뗈,1987)ꆣ뛸쫕룥죕웚:2004-06-25믹뷰쿮쒿:뷌폽늿죋컄짧믡뿆톧훘뗣믹뗘2002쓪훘듳쿮쒿(02JAZJD630002)ꆤ316ꆤ' 1994-2008 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
펰쿬췅뛓톧쾰뗄죋볊틲쯘퇐뺿ꆪꆪ슽병랼ꆡ쪱ꆡ뾱쟒헢샠탍뗄퇐뺿뚼죏캪,ퟩ횯뫍췅뛓뗄뷡릹쓜릻뷢틽웰쇋풽살풽뛠뗄맘힢ꆣ쫍췅뛓벨킧뗄뻸듳늿럖뇤틬ꆣ맽좥뫜뛠ퟩ횯톧쾰뗄퇐뺿뻹닉폃뚨탔뗄퇐뺿뛸퓚뷢쫍좺쳥릤ퟷ폐킧탔뗄쪱뫲,ퟩ횯톧쾰퇐랽램,쯤좻쯼쳡릩쇋폐맘횪뻵뫍죋볊맽돌뗄듳솿쾸뺿퓲잿뗷죏횪뗄틲쯘뫍죋볊뮷뺳ꆣArgyris(1993)뷚,떫늻쓜쏷좷뗘퇩횤퇐뺿헟뗄샭싛볙짨;뛸쿠떱죏캪,룶쳥맘폚죋볊뮥뚯뗄잱닣뾴램믡틖훆톧쾰탐뛠췅뛓랽쏦뗄퇐뺿퓲퓚쪵퇩쫒뷸탐,컞램짮죫뾼달캪,늢믡떼훂ퟩ횯킧싊뗄붵뗍ꆣ폐킩ퟩ횯늻쓜샭탔톧쾰탐캪뗄잰틲뫍뫳맻ꆣEdmondson뗈뗄췅뛓톧뗘뗷헻뫍쫊펦췢뷧뗄뇤뮯,쫇틲캪쯼쏇퓚횪뻵짏쟣쾰퇐뺿퓲퓚쿖쪵뗄ퟩ횯뎡뺰훐뷸탐,ퟛ뫏퓋폃쇋뚨쿲폚틑듦퓚뗄맟샽,뛸뛔뿉톡퓱뗄웤쯻랽낸놧폐욫탔뫍뚨솿뗄퇐뺿랽램,춬쪱뾼싇쇋췅뛓훐뗄톧쾰탐볻(Levitt뗈,1988)ꆣ듋췢,쒳킩쳘폐뗄벼쓜뛔폚캪ꆢ췅뛓뷡릹뫍돉풱첬뛈랽쏦뗄틲쯘,횼퓚랢쿖퓚ퟩ횯톧쾰뗄랢짺럇뎣뇘튪,틲듋뇘탫틽죫볒죋풱뛠듳돌뛈뫍뫎훖뎡뺰쿂ퟩ횯훐뗄췅뛓톧쾰탐캪믡뗄룉풤듫쪩(Edmondson뗈,1998)ꆣퟔ좻랢짺ꆣ쯻쏇쯹뷸탐뗄튻쾵쇐퇐뺿훰붥뷒쪾뫍횤평폚쿖폐뗄샭싛튪쎴벯훐퓚뷡릹쳵볾뫍헻쳥쪵쇋튻룶뷏캪췪헻뗄췅뛓톧쾰쒣탍,룃쒣탍죏캪,췅뛓뗄폐킧탔,튪쎴잿뗷퓚삧쓑뗄죋볊뮥뚯훐룶쳥췅뛓뗄톧쾰탐캪쓜릻듸살믽벫뗄췅뛓벨킧;뛸췅뛓뇘탫헆컕쓄킩벼쓜,쯼쏇뻹컞램뷒쪾헢킩틲쯘죧뫎돉풱뛔폚췅뛓죋볊쟩뺰뗄뾴램ꆢ췅뛓쇬떼헟뗄좨췾펰쿬췅뛓훐뗄톧쾰탐캪뗄컊쳢ꆣ춬퇹,좺쳥엠통랽뷡릹뚼믡펰쿬췅뛓톧쾰탐캪뫍췅뛓릤ퟷ뗄킧맻ꆣ뻟쏦뗄퇐뺿튲ퟅ훘잿뗷죎컱횪쪶,뛸뫜짙힢틢짧믡횪쳥살붲,펰쿬췅뛓릤ퟷ뗄훷튪틲쯘냼삨죧쿂3룶랽쪶뗄ퟷ폃(Levine뗈,1991)ꆣ헢퇹,룶쳥뛔죋볊뮷쏦:뺳뗄뾴램뛔웤뻭죫췅쳥톧쾰뗄펰쿬,퓚퇐뺿컄쿗훐(1)뛔폚튻횧룟쮮욽벨킧뗄췅뛓,쯼뗄돉풱뇘듳늿럖쎻폐첽쳖,췅뛓톧쾰뗄퇐뺿ퟟ떽쇋탨튪뛀솢탫쓜릻믽벫뗘쳡컊ꆢ쳖싛쪧컳ꆢ뷸탐뎢쫔뫍랴쪡,늢뾼달췅뛓톧쾰뗄쟩뺰틲쯘뗄맘뿚ꆣ쟒톰쟳췢뷧뗄랴삡ꆡ뮻튻뻤뮰쮵,헢횧췅뛓뇘탫톧쾰ꆣEdmondson죏캪,쓇킩쓜릻폐킧톧쾰뗄췅뛓믡3ꆡEdmondson뗄췅뛓톧쾰쒣탍믱뗃룼뫃뗄벨킧ꆣ췅뛓뗄벨킧쏷쿔쫜떽췅뛓돉풱뻭퓚쿈잰췅뛓킧싊뫍ퟩ횯톧쾰뗄퇐뺿믹뒡짏,맾죫톧쾰탔탐캪돌뛈뗄펰쿬ꆣ폫룟쮮욽뫍뗍쮮욽뗄톧런듳톧뗄AmyEdmondson뷌쫚1999쓪랢뇭퓚쾰췅뛓뗄럃첸뷡맻뷸튻늽뷒쪾쇋췅뛓돉풱톧쾰탐ꆶ맜샭뿆톧벾뾯ꆷ(AdministrativeScience캪뗄닮틬ꆣ퓚룟쮮욽톧쾰뗄췅뛓훐,듳볒믡캪쇋믱Quarterly)짏뗄튻욪컄헂,캪컒쏇쇋뷢펰쿬췅뛓톧뗃뷸튻늽뗄룄뷸뛸럖컶쪧컳,컞싛쫇헽쏦뗄뮹쫇뢺쾰뗄쟩뺰틲쯘쳡릩쇋튻룶뷏캪췪헻뗄뿲볜ꆣ쯽뛔쒳쏦뗄랴삡뚼놻죏캪쫇폐냯훺뗄,뛸럇엺움탔뗄ꆣ룟짺닺냬릫짨놸뗄듳탍웳튵뷸탐쇋폐맘췅뛓톧쾰뗄쮮욽톧쾰뗄췅뛓튲믡믽벫뗘톰쟳쳡룟벨킧뗄랽램,쿖뎡퇐뺿,룃퇐뺿뛔쿳냼삨횰쓜탍췅뛓ꆢퟔ컒맜샭헽죧튻룶돉풱탎죝쯻쏇뗄톧쾰탐캪:ꆰ죧맻컒쏇폐뗄췅뛓ꆢ뿧늿쏅뗄닺욷랢햹췅뛓뫍뿧늿쏅뗄쿮쒿췅쇋튻룶훊솿컊쳢ꆪꆪ컒쏇늢늻좷탅컒쏇ퟶ쇋쪲쎴뛓ꆣ퇐뺿ퟛ뫏닉폃쇋맛달ꆢ럃첸ꆢ컊뻭뗷닩뗈뛠훖랽ꆪꆪ컒쏇믡냑듳볒헙벯퓚튻웰,늻룦쯟쯻쏇컊쳢쫇램,뛔췅뛓훐톧쾰뗄쪵훊ꆢ췅뛓럕캧ꆢ췅뛓벨킧뗈뇤쪲쎴,뛸쫇컊쯻쏇퓚헢룶늿쏅뾴돶쇋쪲쎴컊쳢ꆣꆱ솿틔벰쯼쏇횮볤뗄쿠뮥맘쾵뷸탐쇋좫쏦뗄뾼달ꆣ(2)듳볒뚼쿠탅췅뛓늻믡캪쓑ꆢ뻜뻸믲헟돍랣듋뫳,Edmondson뗈(2001)ힷퟙ뗷닩쇋튻훖탂뗄폂폚랢뇭틢볻뗄죋,헢쫇췅뛓쓜릻톧쾰뗄맘볼ꆡ튽쇆짨놸퓚16볒튽풺탄퓠쫖쫵훐뗄쪹폃쟩뿶,룃Edmondson냑헢훖릲춬뗄뛔폚횧돖ꆢퟰ훘뫍탅죎퇐뺿틔탂벼쫵뗄퓋폃캪놳뺰뷸튻늽첽쯷쇋췅뛓톧뗄룐쫜돆횮캪탄샭낲좫(psychologicalsafety)ꆣ쯽쾰뗄맽돌ꆣ탨튪늹돤쮵쏷뗄쫇,헢16볒튽풺뚼폐솼횸돶,탄샭낲좫뇈뷶뷶탅죎췅뛓훐뗄웤쯻돉풱폐룼뫃뗄짹폾뫍뺭펪ힴ뿶,떫쯻쏇퓚퓋폃헢룶탂벼쫵뗄맣랺뗄틢틥,쯼냼삨튻훖짮닣뗄ꆢ릲춬뗄뛔폚췅뛓뷡맻짏좴뇭쿖쇋뻞듳뗄닮틬ꆣ쪵볊짏,틲캪볛횵뫍쿠뮥횧돖럕캧뗄탅죎ꆣ췅뛓퓚쪲쎴퇹뗄쮮욽Edmondson퓚췅뛓톧쾰퇐뺿랽쏦뗄짮죫뫍쾵춳,짏톧쾰,좡뻶폚췅뛓돉풱뛔폚헢훖탄샭낲좫웸럕쯹2000쓪2퓂,ꆶ맜샭퇐뺿쪵볹ꆷ(Academyof쓜룐쫜떽뗄돌뛈ꆣ춬퇹,췅뛓돉풱뇘탫쿠탅췅뛓뻟ManagementExecutive)뾯퓘쇋평PauloVieira폐냑릤ퟷ냬뫃뗄쓜솦,쯻(쯽)닅믡쫜떽맄컨,좥믽뗈죋췪좫믹폚룃욪퇐뺿킴뗄튻욪펦폃탍컄헂,훷벫뗘닎폫뫍릱쿗돶탂뗄쿫램,튲닅쓜폂폚돐죏릤ퟷ쳢캪뺭샭죋죧뫎퓚ퟩ횯쪵볹훐붨솢튻횧쓜릻톧쾰훐뗄쪧컳ꆣEdmondson(1999)쯹퇐뺿뗄룟쮮욽톧뗄췅뛓ꆣ2001쓪10퓂뗄ꆶ맾런짌튵움싛ꆷ폖뾯퓘쾰췅뛓뻟폐튻훖쏷쿔뗄췅뛓웸럕,쯼퓊탭늢쟒맄샸Edmondson뗈ꆶ볓쯙췅뛓톧쾰ꆷ뗄컄헂ꆣ췅뛓톧쾰췅뛓돉풱좥쎰쿕ꆢ랸듭컳뫍톰쟳냯훺,늢쟒ퟮ뫳쪹ꆤ317ꆤ' 1994-2008 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
맜샭톧놨뗚1뻭뗚3웚2004쓪11퓂뗃톧쾰돉캪뿉쓜ꆣ퓚쯽뗄럃첸훐,튻룶룟쮮욽뗄톧뿉틔붨솢웰살뗄ꆣ쾰췅뛓뗄돉풱퓚움싛쪱쳡떽:ꆰ헢룶췅뛓ꆭꆭ폐룼뛠뗄뫏ퟷ;컒쏇폐룼뛠뗄퓰죎냯훺뛔랽ꆭꆭ듋쪱4ꆡ뛔뒫춳뗄ퟩ횯톧쾰샭싛뗄퓙쮼뾼,컒죏캪헢쫇컒쯹폶떽뗄ퟮ뫃뗄췅뛓ꆭꆭ틲캪[퓚웤듓Edmondson뷸탐뗄튻쾵쇐췅뛓톧쾰퇐뺿쯻뗄췅뛓샯]죋쏇늻싄탐쯻쏇쓇럝틥컱ꆭꆭꆱꆣ춬뷡맻뿉틔랢쿖,풭놾죏캪퓚췅뛓톧쾰훐샭쯹떱좻믡퇹,뗍쮮욽톧쾰뗄췅뛓튲뇭쪾훮죧ꆰ뇭쿖늻춬뗄죋랢짺ퟷ폃뗄튻킩틲쯘,좴퓚췅뛓뿬쯙쫊펦뇤뮯뗄뮷믡쫜떽듲믷ꆭꆭ[퓚헢샯]좱랦탅죎ꆣꆱEdmondson뺳뫍뇭쿖톧쾰탔탐캪짏쎻폐쏷쿔뗄ퟷ폃,헢퓚쒳훖(2001)잿뗷쇋뛔폚쓇킩탨튪췅뛓돉풱횮볤룟뛈엤돌뛈짏횤쏷쇋췅뛓톧쾰폐웤뛀솢뗄ퟷ폃믺훆ꆣ컒쏇뫏뗄죎컱,탄샭낲좫뗄췅뛓럕캧폈웤훘튪,틲캪쯼뿉틔듓틔쿂4룶랽쏦뷸탐쮵쏷:맄샸뛓풱쫊뛈벤뷸,뛸늻탨폐컯훊믲쏻폾랽쏦뗄맋(1)돽쇋탄샭낲좫뗄럕캧뫍폐훺폚췅뛓톧쾰뗄싇,듓뛸췆뚯탂벼쫵퓋폃맽돌훐뗄췅뛓톧쾰ꆣ좨췾뷡릹횮췢,튻킩퇐뺿랢쿖,쏷좷뛸틽죋힢쒿뗄(3)쇬떼헟뗄좨췾뷡릹(authoritystructures)잿훆탔쒿뇪ꆢ돤ퟣ뗄풴ꆢ탅쾢뫍붱샸,믡퓶잿췅뛓럇뎣훘튪ꆡEdmondson퓚2001쓪랢뇭뗄탂벼쫵돉풱횮볤뗄탅죎룐,쳡룟뫏ퟷ틢쪶뫍뛔폚췅뛓쓜솦퓋폃뗄컄헂훐뛔폚쇬떼헟뗄펰쿬믺훆뷸탐쇋룼캪뗄탅탄ꆣ틔췹폐맘췅뛓폐킧탔뗄퇐뺿뛠잿뗷췅뛓뗄짮죫뗄닻쫶ꆣ쯽죏캪,좨췾뷡릹믡듓뛠룶랽쏦듙뷸뷡릹뫍풴뗄ퟷ폃,Edmondson뗄퇐뺿뷡맻튲펡믲헟틖훆췅뛓톧쾰,헢뿉틔듓4룶랽쏦살샭뷢:ꋙ횤쇋헢킩뷡싛ꆣ늻맽,퓚쯽뗄퇐뺿훐뮹폐튻킩폐좤쓇킩뒦퓚좨췾캻훃짏뗄죋,뇈죧쿮쒿믲헟췅뛓뗄쇬뗄랢쿖:룟쮮욽톧쾰뗄췅뛓췹췹쓜릻뿋럾뮷뺳랽쏦떼헟,뿉쓜춨맽튻룶쏅뗄쿮쒿살킭뗷헢킩믮뚯,뗄헏낭뫍쿞훆;쿠랴,뗍쮮욽톧쾰뗄췅뛓짔캢쏦쇙뷸뛸펰쿬탂벼쫵톧쾰맽돌ꆣꋚ캪쇋믱뗃짏쮾뗄죏춬늻샻뗄뮷뺳,퓚쎻폐췢퓚룉풤뗄쟩뿶쿂,춨뎣컞램믲헟럖엤떽룼뫃뗄릤ퟷ죎컱,풱릤ퟜ쫇룟뛈힢틢쓇얤놻뚯뗄탎쫆ꆣ헢폫컒쏇쯹쮵뗄룟벨킧톭뮷킧펦킩퓚좨췾믲헟좨솦캻훃짏죋쏇뗄탐캪ꆣ춨맽뷒쪾죋뗄뷡싛튲럇뎣쿠쯆ꆣ쏇뛔폚튻쿮탂벼쫵퓋폃뗄뾴램,쓇킩폐좨솦뗄죋뻍(2)튻킩퓚ퟩ횯닉폃탂벼쫵맽돌훐놻죏캪쫇헽믡펰쿬웤쯻죋뗄쿫램,뷸뛸펰쿬쯻쏇쪵쪩뫍췆뷸퓋좷뗄샭싛잨틆떽췅뛓쟩뺳쪱,좴믱뗃쇋늻튻훂뗄뷡폃탂벼쫵뗄탐캪ꆣ춬퇹,죧맻쇬떼헟뛔폚탂벼쫵폐맻ꆣ퓚Edmonson뗄튻쿮튽풺맜샭뗄퇐뺿훐,췅뛓쒳훖쳘쫢뗄죏횪뿲볜,뻍뿉쓜펰쿬돉풱뛔폚쿮쒿틢돉풱뗄뷌폽놳뺰뫍탐튽뺭퇩뗄닮틬뛔폚췅뛓톧쾰틥뗄샭뷢ꆣꋛ쿮쒿쇬떼헟캪쇋좷놣쿮쒿뗄쮳샻쪵쟺쿟뗄뇤뮯쎻폐랢짺쿔훸뗄펰쿬,뛸룟닣맜샭헟뛔쪩,믡돤럖뾼싇췅뛓돉풱벼쓜뗄듮엤,좻뫳,룹뻝쯻탂벼쫵췆맣뗄횧돖,퓚ퟩ횯쓜럱돉릦퓋폃탂벼쫵랽쏇룷ퟔ뗄릱쿗살쏨믦삶춼,늢늻뛏잿뮯쯻쏇뗄탅쏦튲쎻폐닺짺쿔훸뗄ퟷ폃ꆣ퓚튻킩튽풺샯,뺡맜룟탄,벤랢닎폫헟뗄쪿웸뫍얬솦,듓헻쳥쮮욽짏쳡룟닣맜샭헟퓚뿚춷짏벫솦뚯풱,늢룸폨뷰짏뗄돤럖췅뛓벨킧ꆣꋜEdmondson튲랢쿖,쇬떼헟뗄횸떼믡횧돖,탂벼쫵뗄퓋폃죔좻늻돉릦,좻뛸,퓚쇭튻킩튽폐훺폚췅뛓쓚늿탄샭낲좫뗄퓶뎤ꆣ뛔폚듳뛠쫽룟쮮풺샯,뺡맜룟닣맜샭헟룸폨뗄횧돖늻뛠,췅뛓돉풱욽톧쾰뗄췅뛓,웤쇬떼헟춨뎣믡뢻폐풶볻,뛔췅뛓좴쪵쿖쇋탂벼쫵뗄돉릦퓋폃ꆣ샽죧,쒳룶튽풺뗄탄뗄돐억룟,늢쟒뇭쿖폐킧뗄쇬떼탐캪;뛸뗍쮮욽톧퓠쫖쫵쪦뾪쪼뮨럑쇋뫜듳뺫솦살쮵럾튽풺룟닣맜쾰뗄췅뛓쇬떼췹췹폫돉풱쫨풶,늢쟒틔튻훖볠뚽샭죋풱,헢쿮벼쫵뛠쎴뗄훘튪,펦룃퓚튽풺뷸탐뎢뗄,뛸늻쫇횸떼뗄랽쪽탐쫂ꆣ쫔,떫튽풺룟닣맜샭헟좴죏캪퓋폃헢쿮탂벼쫵쫇샍ퟜ쳥살붲,Edmondson뗈뗄퇐뺿뷡맻캪컒쏇쏱짋닆뗄,쯼쯤좻뿉쓜믡뛔탄퓠쫖쫵폐냯훺,떫믡짮죫죏쪶췅뛓톧쾰탐캪뗄펰쿬믺훆쳡릩쇋믹놾뗄퓶볓좫쳥튽풺풱릤뗄뢺떣ꆣ뺡맜죧듋,룃튽풺뗄탄샭싛뿲볜,죧맻쓜릻쿻돽췅뛓돉풱뛔폚죋볊뮷뺳뗄퓠쫖쫵쫒ퟮ뫳좴쫇Edmondson퇐뺿훐퓋폃탂벼쫵맋싇,뮻쇬떼헟뗄좨췾뷡릹,붫폐훺폚췅뛓톧쾰ퟮ캪돉릦뗄튻룶랶샽ꆣ뫍쳡룟췅뛓벨킧ꆣ떱좻,떱풽살풽뛠뗄췅뛓쏦쇙뛠(3)쇬떼헢룶쫖쫵쫒뗄쫗쾯튽쪦펦룃평퓵퇹뗄뇤뫍뢴퓓뗄쟩뺰쪱,췅뛓뗄톧쾰쓜솦뻍뿉틔캪웤쳡죋살떣죎,헢튲폫컒쏇뗄뎣쪶쿠ꆣ뒫춳뗄볙짨죏릩햽싔랽쏦뗄폅쫆ꆣ떫쫇췅뛓돉풱횮볤펪퓬뾪럅뫍캪,퓋폃튻쿮탂벼쫵믲헟튻룶맽돌,췅뛓뗄쇬떼헟쿠뮥횧돖웸럕뗄샺쪷,틔벰쯼ퟔ벺랴뢴첽쯷믮뚯뗄펦룃쫇ퟩ횯훐폐펰쿬뗄죋컯,닅쓜횧돖췅뛓췪돉튻뢴퓓돌뛈,뚼뻶뚨쇋췅뛓뛔탂탅쾢뗄컼쫕쮮욽뫍뒴킩죎컱ꆣ쫂쪵짏,컒쏇좴랢쿖,튻킩췅뛓쇬떼헟쏷쏷탂쓜솦ꆣ뇰죋뛔컒쏇뗄탐캪믡죧뫎랴펦뗄뾴램쫇뎤쫇늿쏅뗄훷죎믲헟횪쏻뗄탄퓠췢뿆튽쪦,떫죔좻컞웚탎돉뗄뷡맻ꆪꆪ헢킩늻쫇튻룶볲떥뗄맜샭횸쇮램죃췅뛓뫜뿬쫊펦탂뗄쫖쫵쇷돌ꆣ뛸퓚웤쯻튻킩늿ꆤ318ꆤ' 1994-2008 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
펰쿬췅뛓톧쾰뗄죋볊틲쯘퇐뺿ꆪꆪ슽병랼ꆡ쪱ꆡ뾱쏅,쿠뛔쓪쟡뗄췢뿆튽쪦,쯤좻쎻폐쪲쎴룟닣맜샭돌쪦쿲췅뛓쇬떼헟뗄뷇즫뮻,춨맽헽좷뗘틽떼췅헟뗄횧돖,좴쓜릻냑탂벼쫵쓃쿂살,죃웤췅뛓돉풱뛓톧쾰살듯떽췆맣탂벼쫵뗄쒿뇪ꆣ뗄톧쾰쟺쿟톸쯙짏짽,듯떽뫜뫃뗄펦폃킧맻ꆣ뿉틔랢쿖,죧맻췅뛓톧쾰쓜릻ퟟ짏헽좷뗄맬(4)쓇킩뺭뎣놻죏캪쫇맘볼뗄듙뷸톧쾰뗄틲뗀,뻍믡톧쾰뗃룼뿬ꆣ췅뛓돽쇋놣돖벼쫵짏뗄볒쯘,죧뺭뎣믣놨,뛔쎿튻늽훨뗄ퟐ쾸짳닩뫍랴쮼,퓚뺭퇩,뇘탫짆폚뒴퓬톧쾰뗄럕캧,튪쿱탄퓠쫖쫵튽Edmondson뗄췅뛓퇐뺿훐뻹쎻폐랢짺맘볼탔뗄ퟷ쪦쓇퇹럅웺뛀닃쪽뗄좨췾,돉캪쫖쫵뛓컩훐뗄튻럖폃ꆣ헢쫇틲캪췅뛓돉풱뫜짙폐쪱볤뛔ퟔ벺뗄릤ퟷ쓚ퟓ,냚췑뒫춳뗄뷇즫펰쿬,쪹듳볒돤럖뗄붻쇷뫍럖죝뫍랽램뷸탐헽쪽뗄ꆢ맦랶뗄믘맋ꆣ죧쒳튽풺뗄튽쿭ꆣ퓚헢랽쏦,췅뛓쇬떼헟뗄탐캪쫇럇뎣훘튪뗄ꆣ죧짺쎿쳬짮특뻹믘맋쳖싛ퟔ벺뗄릤ퟷ,뛸쒳킩퇐뺿떼맻냑췅뛓뫏ퟷ뾴돉뒿벼쫵탔뗄죎컱,ퟩ횯헟뻍럇뎣쿲뗄뿆퇐튽쇆훐탄좷쪵튲쫕벯떽쇋쏅뗄쇏,늢뿉쓜내헕벼쫵쮮욽살죎쏼튻캻췅뛓쇬떼(떱좻벼쫵뷸탐쇋랴쪡쪽럖컶ꆣ좻뛸,헢킩췅뛓뗄릤ퟷ킧맻늢쮮욽룟튲쫇튻룶뇘튪쳵볾)ꆣ웳튵룟닣맜샭헟탨튪쎻폐틲듋뛸뗃떽쏷쿔뗄쳡룟ꆣ쿠랴,횻폐쓇킩헦헽쳴톡돶쓇킩쓜릻벤샸뫍맜샭평룷훖죋풱ퟩ돉뗄릤뮨쪱볤뷸탐췅뛓톧쾰뗄늿쏅,퓚쫂볾랢짺뗄맽돌훐ퟷ뛓컩뗄죋닅,헢퇹,쯻쏇닅쓜릻뷸탐폐킧뗄맜샭,럖컶쪧컳뫍컼좡뷌통늢듙뷸췅뛓늻뛏톧쾰탂뗄횪쪶뫍벼쓜,틔좷놣ퟩ횯,쯻쏇뗄뫏ퟷ좡뗃쇋돉릦ꆣ틑폐뗄맘폚췅뛓톧쾰뗄뷡싛컞틉캪컒쏇뷸튻뗄뺺헹폅쫆ꆣ늽뾪햹췅뛓톧쾰퇐뺿뗬뚨쇋믹뒡ꆣ쒿잰뾴살,췅뛓닎뾼컄쿗톧쾰뗄퇐뺿풶늻죧뛔룶쳥뗄톧쾰탐캪뫍ퟩ횯톧쾰\[1\]췵열,퇮뮯뚬,쪱뾱.엠통잨틆킧맻펰쿬틲쯘뗄돵늽퇐쇋뷢뗃쓇쎴뛠ꆣ펦룃횸돶,쯤좻췅뛓릤ퟷ퓚쿖뷱짧뺿[J\].탄샭뿆톧,2002,25(1):69ꆫ72믡랢믓ퟅ풽살풽훘튪뗄ퟷ폃,떫쫇,컒쏇뛔폚웤ퟷ\[2\]키폠뒺.붨솢톧쾰탍췅뛓뗄탂샭쓮폫탂랽램[J\].죋샠릤킧톧,2001,7(2):40ꆫ44폃믺훆뗄쇋뷢뮹뷶뷶뒦폚첽쯷뷗뛎ꆣ컒쏇쿠탅,췅\[3\],LearningandAction:뛓톧쾰믡뗃떽룼볓짮죫뗄뷢컶,뇈죧,췅뛓톧쾰쫇IndividualandOrganizational[M\].SanFrancisco:럱뮹듦퓚웤쯼뗄쟩뺳틲쯘?듋췢,컒쏇쓜럱뛔틑폐JosseyBass,1982.뗄룷훖퇐뺿뷡싛뷸탐풪럖컶,쫡샭돶췅뛓톧쾰뗄잰\[4\]:AGuideto틲뫳맻벰웤쯻훐뷩틲쯘,틔믱뗃룼캪튻훂뗄뷡싛,OvercomingBarrierstoOrganizationalChange[M\].믲헟뷢쫍돶샭뷢췅뛓톧쾰탐캪뗄좫탂뿲볜ꆣSanFrancisco:Jossey2Bass,1993.\[5\]:Exemplarand5ꆡ췅뛓톧쾰샭싛뗄펦폃볛횵exemplary[A\].(ed.),TheLegacyof뺡맜ESolomonAsch:EssaysinCognitionandSocialdmondson뗄췅뛓톧쾰퇐뺿뷡싛훷튪쫇퓚튽풺믱뗃뗄,떫쫇,쯼뻟폐웕뇩뗄펦폃볛횵,헢Psychology:Hillsdale,NJ:Erlbaum,1990:23ꆫ37쫇틲캪벸뫵쯹폐뗄탐튵뚼믡닉폃탂뗄벼쫵믲헟탂\[6\]CampionMichaelA,MedskerGinaJ,HiggsA뗄릤ퟷ쇷돌,뛔풭폐뗄ퟩ횯뷸탐뇤룯,뚼믡폶떽샠쯆뗄쳴햽ꆣ죎뫎뗚튻듎닉폃탂벼쫵뗄췅뛓뚼믡뷸탐characteristicsandeffectiveness:Implicationsfordesigningeffectiveworkgroups[J\].Personnel톧쾰,뛸헢훖톧쾰늻뷶쫇벼쫵랶돫뗄톧쾰,튲쫇ퟩPsychology,1993,46(4):823ꆫ850횯랶돫뗄톧쾰,춬퇹믡쏦쇙튽풺췅뛓폶떽뗄뷇즫ꆢ\[7\]CunhaPauloVieira,붻쇷뫍탐캪쒣쪽컊쳢ꆣ뇈죧,풽살풽뛠뗄ퟩ횯틽뷸TeamsthatLearn[J\].AcademyofManagement웳튵풴볆뮮(ERP)쾵춳,탂붨쫽뻝뿢,짨훃닙ퟷExecutive,2000,14(1):152ꆫ153닎쫽뫍좷놣죭볾퓚튻룶펲볾욽첨짏헽뎣퓋,뚼믡\[8\]짦벰탂벼쫵뗄퓋폃ꆣ뛔폚탭뛠ퟩ횯살붲saidthandone:Groupandorganizationalinfluences,췆맣뗄삧쓑늢늻퓚벼쫵랽쏦,뛸쫇탂벼쫵쾵춳췪좫룄뇤쇋풭onthedetectionandcorrectionofhumanerror[J\].폐뗄퓋ퟷ믺훆,룄뇤쇋췅뛓돉풱횮볤뗄릤ퟷ맘쾵ꆣJournalofAppliedBehavioralScience,1996,32(1):췅뛓돉풱쏇탨튪뮨럑쪱볤톧쾰퓵퇹퓋폃탂뗄쒣쪽5ꆫ32살뷸탐뻶닟\[9\]EdmondsonAmyC,,뇈죧,펦룃쿲쮭ꆢ쪲쎴쪱볤뷸탐놨룦,탨튪랢뇭ퟔ벺틢볻살뷸탐붻쇷ꆣ듋췢,컒쏇뺭뎣뿉organizationallearningtothelearningorganization[J\].틔랢쿖ManagementLearning,1998,29(1):5ꆫ20,폅탣뗄릤돌쪦믡놻쳴톡돶살쇬떼탂벼쫵랢\[10\]햹쿮쒿,믲헟뢺퓰탂뗄탅쾢쾵춳뗄틽뷸ꆣ헢킩볒LearningBehaviorinWorkTeams[J\].믡랢쿖,쯻쏇믡뒦폚튽풺탄퓠쫖쫵튽쪦쿠춬뗄캻AdministrativeScienceQuarterly,1999,44(2):훃ꆣ튪쪹췅뛓퓋폃탂벼쫵믱뗃돉릦,뇘탫쪵쿖듓릤350ꆫ383ꆤ319ꆤ' 1994-2008 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
맜샭톧놨뗚1뻭뗚3웚2004쓪11퓂펪쿺죋풱톡울쒣뫽뚨탔췆샭쒣탍뗄짨볆폫쪵쿖쇵럯쾼ꆡ샨횾돉ꆡꆡ햪튪:쳡돶쇋튻룶샻폃쒣뫽싟벭뷸탐뚨탔붨쒣뗄랽램ꆣ헫뛔펪쿺죋풱톡울뗄쪵볊컊쳢,뷸탐쇋쒣뫽뚨탔붨쒣폫췆샭ꆣ뷩짜쇋쾵춳쪵쿖뗄듦뒢믺훆뫍췆샭틽쟦,늢퓚볆쯣믺짏뷸탐쇋쾵춳풭탍뗄쪵쿖ꆣퟮ뫳,춨맽쪵샽퇩횤,횤쪵쇋쒣탍뗄쿖쪵폐킧탔ꆣ맘볼듊:쒣뫽싟벭;쒣뫽욥엤;뚨탔췆샭;펪쿺죋풱;톡울훐춼럖샠뫅:C936ꆡꆡ컄쿗뇪쪶싫:Aꆡꆡ컄헂뇠뫅:1672-884Ò(2004)03-0320-04ꆡꆡ쏦뛔죕틦벤쇒뗄뺺헹뮷뺳,웳튵죏쪶떽쫐뎡뗄뻍ퟶ떽폐킧뗘헧뇰,톡퓱쓇킩뿉쓜뻟놸룟벨킧ꆢ뗍뺺헹맩룹떽뗗쫇죋뗄뺺헹ꆣ훘쫓죋솦풴맜샭,붫쇷쪧싊뗄펪쿺펦울헟ꆣ죋솦풴햽싔폫웳튵뗄랢햹햽싔뷸탐폐믺뗄뷡뫏,쫂쪵짏,쎻폐쓄룶죋뿉틔뻍캴랢짺뗄쫂ퟶ돶ힼ쫇웳튵쪵쿖ퟔ짭돖탸랢햹뗄뇘뺭춾뺶ꆣ펪쿺쫇웳튵좷뗄풤닢,폈웤쫇떱쫂쟩짦벰떽죋뗄틲쯘ꆣ웳튵맘뺭펪뗄튻룶훘튪횰쓜,펪쿺죋풱쫇웳튵뒴샻뗄횱뷓폚펪쿺죋풱뗄톡울,쫇튻룶짦벰뛠쿮틲쯘,탨튪뷏쪵쿖헟,좻뛸쿺쫛좴쫇튻룶벫뢻쳴햽탔,볦뻟틕쫵뎤쪱볤닅쓜뗃떽퇩횤뗄뢴퓓쾵춳,폫웤쯻뢴퓓쾵춳폫벼쓜ꆢ듬헛룐폫돉뻍룐뗄횰튵,쯹틔,펪쿺죋풱룚튻퇹,웤훐듦퓚ퟅ뷡맻뗄늻좷뚨탔뫍탅쾢뗄늻뺫좷캻뻟폐쇷쪧싊룟,죋풱횮볤릤ퟷ벨킧쿠닮탼쫢뗄쳘탔ꆣ쯦ퟅ짦벰뗄틲쯘퓶뛠ꆢ쿠맘뗄쪱볤퇓뎤,헢훖늻뗣\[1ꆣ\]퇐뺿뇭쏷,뛔펪쿺죋풱벼쓜뗄뾼달ꆢ룶탔뗄쪶좷뚨탔튲쯦횮퓶볓ꆣ뚨탔췆샭(qualitative뇰틔벰펪쿺죋풱횰튵짺퇄뷗뛎뗄에뛏,뿉틔폐킧뗘reasoning)쫇떱잰뷢뻶뢴퓓쾵춳컊쳢뗄훷튪랽램풤닢펪쿺죋풱뗄벨킧뫍맀볆쇷쪧뗄뿉쓜탔\[ꆫ24\ꆣ]헢횮튻\[5,6ꆣ\]뻍캪웳튵뗄죋솦풴늿쏅쳡돶쇋튻룶?듽뷢뻶뗄뒫춳뗄뚨탔췆샭벼쫵뒦샭뗄쫇쓇킩뒿뚨탔뗄컊쳢:캪쇋놣헏웳튵뗄샻틦,죧뫎듓톡울뷗뛎뾪쪼,컊쳢ꆣ좻뛸,퓚뢴퓓쾵춳뗄뒦샭맽돌훐,쯤좻듦퓚ퟅ쫕룥죕웚:2004-07-06믹뷰쿮쒿:맺볒ퟔ좻뿆톧믹뷰훺쿮쒿(70271029)\[11\]EdmondsonAmyC,BohmerRichardM,Pisano\[16\]LevittBarbara,:TeamLearningand[J\].AnnualReviewofSociology,PaloAlto,CA:NewTechnologyImplementationinHospitals[J\].AnnualReviews,1988,14:319ꆫ340AdministrativeScienceQuarterly,2001,46(4):685\[17\]LawrenceSannaJ,ꆫ716anticipatedevaluationandsocialfacilitation[J\].\[12\]EdmondsonAmy,BohmerRichard,PisanoGary,JournalofExperimentalSocialPsychology,1990,SpeedingUpTeamLearning[J\].HarvardBusiness26(1):82ꆫ92Review,2001,79(9):125ꆫ132\[18\L]evineJohnM,\[13\]Goffman,:Ananalysisofinworkgroups[A\].In:ResnickLB,LevineJM,ritualelementsinsocialinteraction[J\].TeasleySD(eds.).PerspectivesonSociallyPsychiatry:JournalfortheStudyofInterpersonalSharedCognition:Washington,DC:AmericanProcesses,1955,18(3):213ꆫ231PsychologicalAssociation,1991:257ꆫ279\[14\]GoodmanPaul,RavlinE,SchminkeM.\[19\]MacDuffie,:Understandinggroupsinorganizations[A\].In:Shop2floorproblem2solvingatthreeautoassemblyCummingsLL,StawBM(eds.).Researchinplants[J\].ManagementScience,1997,43(4):479OrganizationalBehavior,Greenwich,CT:JAIꆫ502Press,1987,9:121ꆫ173\[15\]ퟷ헟볲뷩:슽병랼(1977ꆫ),얮,몺ퟥ,뫾놱쪡믆쎷죋ꆣ훐맺[M\].(ed.),Handbookof뿆톧풺(놱뺩쫐ꆡ100101)탄샭퇐뺿쯹늩쪿퇐뺿짺ꆣ퇐뺿랽OrganizationalBehavior:EnglewoodCliffs,NJ:쿲캪췅뛓릤ퟷꆢ릤ퟷ볒춥돥춻ꆣ쪱뾱,훐맺뿆톧풺탄샭퇐뺿Prentice2Hall,1987:315ꆫ342쯹ꆣꆤ320ꆤ' 1994-2008 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
MAINTOPICS,ABSTRACTS&ꆡꆡmodelwhentheperformancewasforecastedinLIUFengxia(HuazhongUniversityofScience&,Wuhan,China)ꆡLIZhichengꆡpKeywords:portfoliomanagement;Stein3202323rule;investmentweight;shrinkingintensityAbstract:,themodelingandPerformanceanditsEmpiricalStudyꆡꆡ(UniversityofElectronicScienceandThemechanismofdatastorageandreasoninginTechnologyofChina,Chengdu,China)ꆡMAthesystemwasdescribed,andtheprototypeYongkaiꆡ:Usingtherelativeeffectiveratiowiththehelpofanexample.-Γcoefficient,theBenchmark2EfficientFrontierKeywords:fuzzylogic;fuzzymatch;MethodologydevelopedbyMatthew&Richardqulitativereasoning;salesforce;Γcoefficientandinformationratio,weranktheperformanceAnalyisoftheMotivationofManagesinoffifty2twoclosed2endfundsinChinawereEnterpriseswithꆰMoralRiskꆱꆡꆡLIYanping(WuhanUniversity,Wuhan,)ꆡYANGYanꆡp3242329amongthefundperformance,fundsizeandfundAbstract:Basedongametheory,,including,,completeKeywords:Γcoefficient;informationratio;informationdynamicone,incompleteinformationfundperformance;fundsize;fundagestaticone,incompletestaticone,,theoptimumchoicesforChinaꆡꆡLIGuoting(InformationEngineeringthemanagersꇤimmoralbehaviordependedontheUniversity,Zhengzhou,China)ꆡp3092315probabilityofthesupervisionofthemanagersbyAbstract:AccordingtotheNewMilitaryowners;underthetermsoftheincompleterevolutionintheworld,anempiricalstudyofinformation,themanagerswouldtakethebestDefenseSpendingInputsbetweenChinaandtheresponsetothetacticsoftheownerwhentheirothercountrieswaspresented,:gametheory;managers;moral2Severaldevelopmentstrategiesandrisk;supervisioncost;motivationcountermeasuresforpromotingofthedevelopmentoftheDefenseSpendingInputsofModelforInnovationDiffusionRateꆡꆡ(SichuanUniversity,Chengdu,China)ꆡKeywords:defensespendinginputs;LIAOZhigaoꆡp3302340strategies;countermeasures;ChinaAbstract:Basedonthereviewofthestudiesofinnovationdiffusion,andaimedatthebasicContextualFactorsAffectingTeamLearningꆡhypothesisoftheBassmodel,4differentialꆡLUJiafang(ChineseAcademyofSciences,dynamicmodelswereformulatedwiththetheory100101)ꆡSHIKanꆡ:,telephone,:innovation;innovationdiffusion;ilustratedandcomparedagainstourknowledgeratemodel;-typeconductrelevantresearchesinChinawerealsoEnterpriseꆡꆡWANGJing(,Dalian,Liaoning,China)ꆡLIShuKeywords:teamlearning;newtechnology;ꆡp3412344psychologicalsafety;authoritystructuresAbstract:Theconstitutionandꆤ5ꆤ' 1994-2008 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
