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    MBA智库文档 管理 财务管理 资产管理 银行资产分类词汇（DOC118）.doc

    银行资产分类词汇（DOC118）.doc

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    银行资产分类词汇 accrual basis 权责发生制 activity ratio 营运比率 adversely classified credits 不良贷款 asset diversification 资产多元化 asset portfolio 资产组合 at arms length 商业的/公平的 back-office support 后台支持 bad loans 呆帐 bank portfolio 银行资产 banking supervision 银行监管 Basle Core Principles 巴塞尔核心原则 be pledged as security 抵押 borrower 借款人 calendar-based system 期限为基础的(准备金制度) CAMEL 骆驼评级法 carrying value 现存价值 cash 收付实现制 collection 催收 Consumer client 个人客户 contingent liabilities 或有债务 Corporate client 法人客户 credits that are being rolled over 展期贷款 current liability account 流动债务帐户 current ratio 流动比率 debt-for-equity swap 债权转股权 delinquent loan 过失贷款 directed credits 指定贷款 disintermediation 脱媒（体外循环） distressed assets 有问题资产 doubtful asset 可疑资产 earning 收益 efficiency ratio 效率比率 financial leverage 财务杠杆；举债经营 financial soundness 财务稳健性 foreclosed assets 没收的抵押财产 gearing 财务杠杆；举债经营 general provision 普通准备金 general reserve 普通准备金 impaired assets 受损害资产 interest accrual 计息 interest coverage 利息偿付率 interest payments being capitalized 利息转本金 intra-account 内部帐户 lending officer 信贷人员 lending policy 贷款证策 licensing 申请许可证 licensing period 申请许可证过程 loan classification 贷款分类 loan documentation 贷款记录 loan grading 贷款分级 loan origination 贷款发放 loan restructuring 重组贷款 loan review 贷款检查 loan splitting 贷款分割 loss loan provisioning 呆帐准备金 non-accrual items 不计息项目 non-accruals 不计息的 non-classified 未分类的 obligator 债务人 off-balance sheet 表外 off-site supervision 非现场监测 on-site inspection 现场检查 on-site visit 现场访问 out-of-area loan 外地信贷 outstanding balance 未清偿余额 overdue 逾期 pass, overdue, idle & bad loans (POIB) 一逾两呆 past due loans 逾期贷款 pending factor 未决因素 poorly structured loan 结构不合理贷款 problem loans 有问题贷款 Profit and loss 损益（表） provision 准备金 provisioning 准备金提取 quick ratio 速动比率 rehabilitation repayment schedule 还款计划 restructured loans 重组贷款 risk-weighted asset 风险加权资产 ROCA 洛卡评级法 roll-overs 展期 security enforcement 行使抵押权 side agreement 附件 special mention asset 特别提及资产 special reserve 特殊准备金 specific reserve 专项准备金 substandard assets 次级资产 suspense account 挂帐 term loan 定期贷款 to credit 贷记 to debit 借记 trading on equity 财务杠杆；举债经营 troubled loan 有问题贷款 turnover ratio 周转比率 weak loan 低质量贷款 work out problem 核销有问题 write-off 冲销 write-up (贷款)批评报告 生物伦理道德研讨会词汇 1995 年 11 月，北京国际会议中心 由冯京葆、王宁整 active euthanasia 主动安乐死 Autonomy 自主性、自主权 Beneficence 有利 Bioethics 生命伦理学 Biomedicine 生物医学 confidentiality 保密 consquentialism 后果论 deontologism 道义论 descriptive 描述性 enhancement 增强、加强（性状） ethical relativism 伦理相对论 ethical universalism 伦理普遍论 euthanasia 安乐死 gene patent 基因专利 gene therapy 基因治疗 genetic engineering 基因工程 geneticization 基因化 genome mapping project 基因组绘制计划 germline gene therapy 生殖细胞基因治疗 hospic care 临终护理 informed consent 知情同意 involuntary euthanasia 非自愿安乐死 medicalization 医学化 medicine is the art of humaneness 医本仁术 non-maleficence 不伤害 Normative 规范性 passive euthanasia 被动安乐死 Privacy 隐私 PVS 持久性植物状态 somatic gene therapy 体细胞基因治疗 terminal care 临终关怀 terminal patient 临终病人 utilitarianism 功利主义 voluntary euthanasia 自愿安乐死 Glossary prepared for International Congress: In pursuit of a drug-free ASEAN 2015: Sharing the vision, leading the change (Bangkok, 11-13 October 2000) abstinence/withdrawal reaction 戒毒反应 acetic acid anhydride 乙酸酐 Amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS) anabolic steroids 合成代谢类固醇 analgesic 止痛的；镇痛剂 ascorbic acid 抗坏血病维生素,抗坏血病因子 barbiturates 巴比妥酸 bupremorphine 布普雷吗啡 cocada: coca dosage for an intoxation interval of 40 minutes from coca leave chewing and also for covering a distance of 2-3 km, Spanish term used in South America cocaine hydrochloride 盐酸可卡因 codeine 可待因(自鸦片中提取的碱质) constipation 便结,便秘 dependence 上瘾 diacetylmorphine 二乙酰吗啡 diamorphine 二乙酰吗啡 (. heroin) diuretics 利尿剂 DOM (dimethoxymethylamphetamine) 二甲氧基甲苯异丙胺 (STP) drug abuse 吸毒 fenetylline 芬已茶碱 Fentanyl 芬太尼 frusemide/furosemide 腹安酸,速尿 heroin base 海洛因碱 Heroin hydrochloride 盐酸海洛因 inveterate 根深蒂固的 inveteracy Ketobemidone 凯托米酮；酚哌丙酮 LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide) 麦角酰二乙胺 (迷幻剂) MDMA ("ecstasy") 摇头丸,二亚甲基双氧安非他明 mescaline 三甲氧苯乙胺,酶斯卡灵(一种致幻剂) methadone 美散痛,美沙酮 (镇静剂) methamphetamine 甲基苯丙胺; 甲基安非他明(去氧麻黄素) methcathinone 甲卡西酮 (also called ephedrine 麻黄素; 麻黄碱) methylphenidate 哌醋甲酯(利他林) morphine base 吗啡碱 narcotine (narcotinum) 碱溶鸦片碱, 那可汀 norpseudoephedrine 降假麻黄碱 opiate 鸦片剂 opium 鸦片 papaverine 罂粟碱 pemoline 匹莫林 phenmentrazine 芬美曲秦；苯甲吗啉, phenmetrazine 苯甲吗啉,匪曼嗪 porous borders precursor chemicals 易制毒化学品，化学先质,前体化学品 psychotomimetic 拟精神病的,重现精神病的 rehabilitation 戒毒 sniffing solvent stupor 恍惚 synthetic drug 合成毒品 tartaric acid 酒石酸 testosterone 睾丸激素 THC (tetrahydrocannabinol)[药]四氢大麻酚 thebaine 蒂巴因, 二甲基吗啡 tincture 酊剂 tolerance 抗药力 transit country 过境国 vertigo 黑运转旋,头晕 化工词汇 acetate yarn 醋 酸 纤 维 acetic acid 醋 酸 acetone 丙酮 acetyl chemicals 乙 酰(xian-1)化 学 品 acrylonitrile 丙烯腈 amorphous polyolefins 无结晶聚烯烃 benzene 苯 biodegradable polyesters 生物裂解聚酯 butadiene 丁烷 butylene 丁烯 cellulose acetate fiber 醋 酸 纤 维 coatings and paint raw materials 涂 料 和 油 漆 原 料 copolyesters 共聚酯 custom chemicals 专 门 定 购化学品 Eastotac 树脂 engineering compounded plastics 工 程 复 合 塑 料 ethane 乙烷 ethylanmine 乙胺 ethylene 乙烯 ethylene glycol (MEG) 乙二醇 film 薄膜 filter tow 过 滤 用长 丝 fine chemicals 精 细 化 学 品 food ingredients 食 品 添 加 剂 glycol-modified polyethylene terephthalate (PETG) 醇化聚酯 heavy-gauge sheeting 厚板材 Industrial intermediates 工业 中 间 体 methane 甲烷 neopentyl glycol (NPG) 新戊二醇 olefins 烯烃 optical brighteners 增光剂 oxo chemicals 羰(Tang-1) 基 类 化 学 品 paraffin 石腊 performance enhancers for the polymer industry 聚 合 物增性剂 performance plastics 功 能 塑 料 photographic chemicals 摄 影 用 化 学 品 polyester 聚脂 polyethylene 聚乙烯 polyethylene terephthalate (PET) 聚酯 polymer formulators 聚 合 物 配方 polymer modifiers 聚 合 物 改 性 剂 poly-propylene 聚丙烯 polystyrene 聚苯乙烯 polyurethane foams 聚 氨 酯 发 泡 剂 propylene (propene) 丙烯 purified terephthelic acid (PTA) 净化对笨二酸 resin 树脂 sorbic acid 山梨酸 specialty chemicals 专 用 化 学 品 specialty polymers 专 用 聚 合 物 styrene 苯乙烯 sythetic fibre 合成纤维 toluene 甲苯 xylene 二甲苯 阿莫科石油公司研讨会词汇 1995 年 12 月，北京，京广中心 由冯京葆、张炜、谢卫红整理 烷（烃）基 alkyl 浣基化，烷（基）化物 alkylation 芳香族环烃，芳香族化合物 aromatics 沥青 asphalt 常减压装置 atmospheric and vacuum distillation unit 苯 benzene 生物崔化脱硫 biocatalytic desulfurization 盐井 brine well 伯顿热裂解工艺 burton thermal cracking process 丁烷 butane 成品原料差 cash margin 催化裂化器 cat cracker 催化裂化装置 catalytic cracking unit 催化重整装置 catalytic reforming unit 焦碳 coke 结焦 coking 原油 crude oil 原油板岩？ crude slate 延迟焦化装置 delayed coking unit 柴油 diesel 蒸馏 distillation 环境保护 environment protection 乙烷 ethane 乙烯醇 ethonal 乙烯 ethylene 原料 feed 管式蒸馏釜 fractioning pipestill 燃料油 fuel oil 加热炉 furmace 气体分离装置 gas fractionation unit 汽油 gasoline 皮革（润滑油） harness oil 加氢裂化装置 hydrocracking unit 临氢重整工艺 hydroforming process 加氢处理 hydroprocessing 异构化 isomerization 航空煤油 jet fuel 煤油 kerosene 液化天然气 lpg 润滑油 lubes 甲烷 methane 石脑油 naphtha 辛烷 octane 油轮 oil tanker 管线 pipeline 成品油管线 product pipeline 丙烷 propane 丙烯 propylene pound per square inch psi 净化对苯二酸 pta 泵 pump 净化对苯二酸 purified terephthalic acid 品质控制 quality control 反应，炉 reactor 炼油厂 refinery 再生器 regenerator 残油 resid 提升管 riser 溶剂 solvent 酸性原油、未中和油，含硫轻油 sour crudes 固定污染源 stationary source 直镏 straight-run 策略 strategy 硫回收装置 sulfur recovery unit 无硫油 sweet pennsylvania crude 油罐 tanks 净化对苯二酸 terephthalic acid 四乙基 tetraethyl 热裂化装置 thermal cracking unit 甲苯 toluene 水、汽、风系统 waste water treatment 暴利 windfall profits Glossary for Lucent Technologies ad hoc 临时 add/drop multiplexer 上行/下行多路复用器 alternate path 迂回路由 AR coating 防反射保护层 authentication 鉴权 babble noise 多路重合噪声 back-propagating 后向传播 backbone node 骨干节点 baseline sensitivity 基线灵敏度 bridge 网桥 bug list 故障表 cable cut 电缆中断 carbon button 碳精 causal correlation 因果相关 cell switching 信元交换 chain 链接 channel spacing 信道间隔 chirp-free laser 无 choke point 阻塞点 chromatic dispersion 色散 circuit 电路 circulator 旋转器 cladding mode 包层膜 coherent 相干处 coherent detection 相关检测 combiner 合波器 complementary signature 辅助签字 concatenation 多音 cross-connect 交叉互连 crypto 密码 data mining 数据处理 delay 时延 demand pairs 线对数 destination 宿 dial-up 拨号呼叫 dielectric coating filters 介质膜滤光片 diphone 双音 directly modulated 直接调制 directory 名录 dispersion compensator 色散补偿器 document reader 文件朗读器 doped-waveguide device 掺杂的光导器件 dual-stage amplifier 两级放大器 electet 电介质 electroabsorption 电吸收 element location 网元 end-to-end 端对端 er-doped 掺铒 event signature 事件表现 explicit communication 显式通信 eye diagram 眼图 fiber-to-the-curb 光纤到路边 fiber cuts 光纤断裂 fiber grating 光纤光栅 flooding wave 杂波 forward-propagating 正向传播 fragmented 分立的 function block 功能块 gain equalizer 增益均衡器 guided mode 导模 high-power 高功率 hijacking 盗用 host down 主机故障 hybred 混合电路 hybred fiber-coax 光纤同轴混合 incremental mode 增量模式 information base 信息库 instant-free 即时释放 integrator 集成器 interpret 编译 invoke 激活 isolator 隔离器 large central office 大型局 latency 时延 library 库 local rerouting 本地路由重选 log 记录 logical partitioning 逻辑划分 matching 匹配 messaging 信息传送 MIMD 多命令多数据 modulator 调制器 multi-casting 多址联播 multi-vendor 多厂商 multimodality 多模接入 multiplexing 复用 native OS 本机OS network mapping 网络映射 network sweep 网络扫描 OA limit 运放界限 object code 目标码 on-the-flier compiler 动态编译 optical amplifier 光纤放大器 opto-electronic 光电 out-of-the-box 盒外 packet of data 数据包 packet radio 无线分组 passive waveguide 无源波导 pathway 通路 peer application 对等应用层 photodiodes 光电二极管 photonics 光子 physical architecture 物理结构 pixel 象素 pointer for safety 安全指针 poller 轮询者 polyphone 串连 portability 可移植性 portmopper 端口擦洗器 preamp 前置放大器 precomputation 预计算 primary path 主用路径 primary routing 原始路由 proprietary 专用 proxy 代理 pump reflector 泵浦反射器 query 查询 regeneration sites 再生站 remote host 远端主机 remote procedure call 远程过程呼叫 repeater 直放站 response code 响应代码 retrieval 检索 root DNS 根域名系统 routing 选路 sandbox 沙型 service network 业务网 session 会晤 signaling 信令 single mode 单模 soliton sources 光弧子源 span 跨接 spectrum 频谱 stabilizer 稳定器 stack 栈 star coupler 星形耦合器 stream of data 数据流 string 字符串 subnetwork 子网 success rate 接通率 switch arrays 开关阵列 temporal correlation 时间相关 thread 线程 threshold 门限值 threshold alarm 阚值告警 throughput 吞吐 top-level domain 一级域名 topology 拓扑 traffic 话务量 transaction 事务 trap 截留 universality 普及性 validate 验证 waveform interpolation 波形内插法 wavelength addressing 波长寻址 wavelength division 波分 wavelength routing 波长选路 Munich Re Seminar Glossary on Earthquake Reinsurance 16-17 Nov. 2000 (earthquake) intensity （地震）强度－梅卡利仪测量破坏程度 (earthquake) magnitude （地震）烈度－里氏仪测量震感强度 after shock 余震 Alternative Risk Transfer 新型风险转移 anti-seismic design （房屋）抗震设计 Business interruption 营业中断险 capacity 承保能力 CAR construction all risks 建工一切险 或：建工险 catastrophe XL 巨灾超赔 CEA 加州地震局 ceding company 分出公司 contingent liquidity 或有流动性 co-related risks 关联风险 coverage 受保范围 deductibles 免赔额 EAR erection all risks 安工一切险 或： 安工险 earthquake exposure zone 地震风险区 EQ - earthquake 地震 excess of loss （XL) 超赔分保 experience fund 经验基金 exposure 暴露面 exposure rating 风险评估 facultative reinsurance 临时再保险(可选择的保险，非强制性的) FAS 13 No. 13 Financial Accounting Standard fault 断层 financial quota shares 成数分保 financial reinsurance 财务再保险 finite risk reinsurance 有限风险再保险 Finite risk transfer 有限风险转移 GNPI Gross Net Premium Income 总净保费收入 Holistic risk transfer 整体风险转移 insurance securitization 保险证券化 insured 被保险人 insured loss 保险损失 isoseismal 等震线 limits 投保限额 liquidity support 提供流动资金 market retention 市场自留额 NatCat Natural Catastrophe NatCat pooling 自然灾害共保 non-proportional reinsurance 非比例再保险 PML-possible maximum loss 可能最大损失 Pool 共保组合、合保 pool administrator 共保组合管理人 post-financing 后融资 post-funding 后融资 pre-financing 先融资 pre-funding 先融资 priority (deductable) 优先（免赔额) proceeds 收益 property covered 受保财产 proportional reinsurance 比例再保险 rate on line premium expressed as percentage of the limit It means that if the limit is 2 million USD and the premium is 100,000, then the Rate-on-line is 10%; If the premium is 200,000, then the Rate-on-line is 20%. recovery 追偿金 reinstated 继单 retention 自留额 risk 风险 risk carrier 风险承担人 risk modeling companies risk premium 风险保费 run-off securitization 证券化 spot contract 现货合同 spread 利差 subsoil 下层土 sum insured 保险金额 tariff 费率表 written premiums 承保保费 XL 超赔分保 CXL 巨灾超赔分保 UK's Automotive Centres of Excellence 英国汽车技术示范中心 谢 卫 红 提 供 1998 年 3 月 10 日 OEMs 原始设备商(配套供应商) Tier One suppliers 一级供应商 intelligent spot welders 智能点焊机 lean manufacture 精益生产 ride and handling 乘坐与操纵 drive-by-wire 线控 two-stroke engines 双冲程发动机 spark ignition 火花点火 fuel cell 燃料电池 tribology 润滑性 exhaust manifolds 排气导管 turbocharger 涡轮增压机 LERC--Lean Enterprise Research Centre 精益企业研究中心 active suspension system 主动减震系统 carbon piston 碳活塞 in-mould coating technique 模内漆层技术 panel 仪表盘 intake & exhaust valves 进气和排气阀 CVT-- Continuously Variable Transmission system 连续可变传动系统 direct injection technology 直喷技术 Step I concept Ka 第一个 Ka 型概念车 cylinder head 活塞头 ride comfort 行驶舒适 gearbox 齿轮箱 road-friendliness 路上的亲和性 laser combustion diagnostic technique 激光燃烧检测技术 gas turbine 汽轮机 tyre vibration 轮胎震动 limit handling 限度控制 car stylist 轿车款式设计师 validate the car 验车 vehicle refinement 车辆抛光 bowl 试车场 gravel road 砾石路 braking system 制动系统 mailto:whxie@ fuel injection 燃油喷射 exhaust after treatment system design 尾气后处理系统设计 catalytic convention design 催化转化装置 van vehicle 厢式车 intelligent press working system 智能冲压系统 gas cylinder 高压气瓶 crashworthiness 耐碰撞性 knock 爆震 piston rings 活塞环 cams and followers 凸轮及从动件 engine bearing 发动机轴承 driveline control 传动系控制 integrated chassis control system 整体底盘控制系统 reciprocating engine combustion and emission 往复式发动机燃烧及排放 precision casting 精确铸造 flexible fixture design 柔性工具设计 computational fluid dynamics (CFD) 计算流体动力学 high speed imaging 高速成像 TV-Holography 电视全息摄像 corrosion control and paints 腐蚀控制及涂料 acoustic damping materials 降噪材料 high strength steel 高强度钢 chromate 铬酸盐 3D anthropometric scanning 三维人体扫描 MIRA 汽车工业研究协会（英国） type approval 型式认证 NVH Engineering 噪声、振动及不平顺性设计 high speed circuit 高速试车环道 ride & handling circuit 行驶及操纵性环道 horizontal straight circuit 平直试验环道 (circuit) straight wet grip facilities （环线）直线潮湿试验刹车路面设施 steering pad 转向试验场 cross country route 越野试验路线 general purpose circuit 通用试验环道 driving simulator 行驶模拟装置 SMMT--Society of Motor Manufactures & Traders 英国汽车与零部件厂商协会 CATARC--Chinese Automotive Technology & 中国汽车技术研究中心 Research Centre FMEA 故障类型与理象分析 中英再保险词汇 张炜整理，冯京葆补充 1998 年 9 月 15 日/1999 年 8 月 17 日修订 acceptance policy 核保政策 accounting period 结算期 aggregate limit 累积限额 aggregated loss 累积损失 antiselection 逆选择 ART (Alternative Risk Transfer) 新型风险转移 balance 所欠款项 barrages 堰坝 captive pools 自保组合 catastrophe risk 巨灾风险 ceiding company 分出公司 cession limit 分保限额 claim-prone 容易出险 claims assistance 理赔协助 clean cut 结清方式 coinsurance 共保 commencement and termination 起讫 cover 承保 cover 责任额 deposit premium 预付保费 destroyed 毁坏 earth caves 土坏房屋 EPA event limit 事件限额 ex gratia payments 通融赔款 excess loss 超额赔款 exclusion 除外责任 exposed areas 风险承受区域 facultative reinsurance 临时分保 fault zone 断层区 finite risk 有限制的风险 flash floods 骤发洪水 flooding of rivers 洪水泛滥 frame structure 框架结构 full coverage 全额承保 full insurance value 足额保险价值 full liability 全部责任 Geophysics Institute 地球物理研究所 GNPI 总净保费收入 hailstorm 雹暴 heavy damage 严重破坏 hollow brick wall 空斗砖结构 hour clause 小时条款 hurricane 飓风 individual losses 单一损失 insurability 可保性 insured losses 保险损失 intensity 烈度 layering 层次 less exposed 损失可能性小 liability 责任 light damage 轻度破坏 line slips 分保条 loading 附加费 loss occurrence 损失发生 loss occurring basis 损失发生基础 loss participation 分担损失 loss settlement 损失赔付 magnitude 震级 malicious damage 恶意损害 moderate damage 中度破坏 multi-story building 多层建建筑 Munich Re 慕尼黑再 net retained lines 净自留额 net retained losses 损失净自赔额 no profit commission 无纯益风险 non-proportional reinsurance 非比例再保险 notification 告知 object 标的 obligatory reinsurance 固定分保 original deductibles 原始免赔额 original rate 原始费率 paid-up capital 已付资本 peak accelerator 峰值加速度 peril 危险 PICC Re 中保再 placement 安排 PML 可能最大损失 policyholder 保单持有者 pool 共保组合 portfolio entry 未满期责任的出帐 portfolio outgo 未满期责任的入帐 premium 保费 previous losses 既往损失 priority 分保自留额 priority 自付责任 proportional reinsurance 比例再保险 rainstorm 雨暴 rating 费率 reinforced concrete building 钢筋混凝土建筑 reinstatement 恢复保额 reinsured 分出公司 reinsurer 再保险人 retention 自留额 retention areas 滞洪区 return period 重现期 revoke license 吊销营业执照 seaquake 海震 second event cover 第二事件承保 securitization 证券化 seismic damage 震害 set-off 抵销 shear wall structure 剪力墙结构 single 险位超赔 spread loss 分散风险 stop loss 赔付率超赔 storm surges 风暴潮 susceptibility of goods to water 易受水浸性 tariff 费率表 TG 拐点周期 tidal wave 海啸 topographic map 地形图 tornado 龙卷风 total sum insured 总保额 treaty-limits 合约限额 tube structure 筒体结构 underwriting policy 承保政策 windstorm 风暴 wooden frame structure 木结构房屋 Coal Bed Methane and Hydrogen Related Terms Contributed by Weihong Xie January 1999 acetic anhydride 醋酐 Air stream regularity 气流规律性 aldehydes 醛 alkene 烯“泾” ammonia synthesis 合成氨 anode 正极 anthracite(smianthracite) 无（半）烟煤 be decomposed into 分解为 blast gas 鼓风煤气 brine electrolysis 电解水 C/H ratio 碳氢比 cathode 负极 caustic industry 烧碱业 cavity 沉陷 chlorine industry 氯碱工业 coal residue 煤渣 coal seam 煤层 coal-heading production 煤头生产 coke 焦炭 combined cycle power plant 联合循环发电厂 combined heat and power generation (CHP) 热电联产 conversion 转化 dimethyl ether 二甲醚 direct-adverse blasting 正、反向鼓风 dry distillation gas 干馏（热解）煤气 dry distillation zone 干馏干燥区 (energy efficiency, environment & economy) “环境、能效、经济”的生 electricity grid 电网 electrolyte 电解质 energy carrier 载能体 flowing resistance 通风阻力 flue gas 废气 formic acid 甲酸 formic ester 甲脂 formylation methanol 甲醇,羰基 fuel cell 燃料电池 gasification agent 气化剂 gasification face 气化工作面 gasification tunnel 气化通道 gasifier 气化炉 H:C mole ratio 氢碳摩尔比 heat value 热值 hexadecane number 十六烷值 high-rank coals 高质煤 hydrocracking 加氢裂化 hydrodenitrogeneration 加氢脱氮 hydrodesulfurization 加氢脱硫 hydrogen production 制氢 hydrogeneration processes 合成加氢 hydrorefining 加氢精制 injection hole 空气注入孔 injection pipe 气化总管 inlet hole 进气孔 latent heat 潜热 life cycle assessment 命周期研究方法 lifecycle CO2 emissions 生命周期 CO2 排放 lignites (brown coal) 褐煤 liquefaction of coal 煤的液化 long well 长壁 low-volatile bituminous coals 低挥发烟煤 metallic oxides 金属氧化物 methanation 甲烷化 methane 甲烷 methanol 甲醇 meto-super-critical 亚超临界 millidarcy 毫达西 nitrate 硝酸根 nitrogenous fertilizer 氮肥 no-shaft techniques 无井式工艺 N-P-fertilizers 折氮硝酸磷肥 oil shale 油页岩 oxygenated chemicals 含氧化合物 partial oxidation of hydrocarbons “泾”类部分氧化 permeability 渗透度 phosphate fertilizer 磷肥 platinum 铂，白金 pollutant discharge 污染物排放 potassium fertilizer 钾肥 proton membrane exchange fuel cell (PEM FC) 质子膜交换燃料电池 reducing zone 还原区 reforming 重整 residual oil 渣油 saline aquifers 盐碱含水层 section 段面 shaft building 建井 slag 炉渣 sorption isotherm 吸着等温线 steam reforming 蒸气重整 structural traps 结构封堵 super-critical 超临界 supply circularly water vapor 循环供给水煤气 syngas 合成气 syngas production from NG 天然气造气 tectonic 大地构造的 transformation reation 变换反应 tunnel 通道 underground coal gasification (UCG) 煤炭地下气化 vent hole 出气孔 waste rock 矸石 water gas shift reation 水汽变换反应 water-coal-slurry 水煤浆 wellbore 钻井孔 zone of oxidation 氧化区 Exide UPS Related Terms Prepared by David Zhang May 10, 1997, Beijing 3 phase 三相 alpha 字母 breaker 电源开关 bypass 旁路 compact sleek design 紧凑、精巧设计 corrosion 腐蚀 diode 二极管 disconnect 断路开关 fault clearing 排除故障 galvanic 直流电的 hop 突跃 hot sync 热同步 insulated gate bipolar transistor 绝缘的双级晶体管 inverter 逆变器 line conditioner 线性调节器 modulation 调制 protector 保险器 rack-mount 机架安装 rectifier 整流器 remote notify 远程通告 ribbon cable 带状电缆 sentinel 标记 sine wave output 正弦波输出 SNMP 简单网络管理协议 spike 峰值 surge 电涌 surge suppressor 电涌抑制器 synchronization 同步 thyristor 闸流管 transient 瞬时 trickle charge 慢充 IAEA glossaries account of 1999 1999 年决算 activation products 活化产物 advanced course 高级班 AFIMS 新的会计制度 agent 剂 agriculture extension 农业推广 assistant inspector 视查助理 authentication 核证 Branch 处 bulletin 公报 C&C consultation and clarification 磋商与澄清 calibration 较准 call off 取消 common system 联合国系统 common GCI interface 通用 GCI 接口　 co-ordinates 坐标 cost neutrality 不增加成本 CTBTO 禁核试组织 deliverables 产出 Department 部 depleted nuclear fuel 贫化铀 deposition 积沉 Director-General 总干事 Division 司 dose 剂量 effectiveness （注重）实效 efficiency 效率 EOL Exchange of letters 交换信件 equipment replacement fund 设备更换基金 evaluation 评价 exercise 练习 exposure 照射　 FA Facility Agreement 设施协议　 financing of safeguards 保障资金筹措 financing of technical cooperation 技术资金筹措 fission products 裂变产物 fusion products 聚变产物 GCI Global communication Infrastructure 全球通讯基础设施 genesis 起源 guidelines 指南 HOT HOT 公司 hydroaccoustic monitoring system 水声监测系统 hydrophone station 水听器台站 IAEA Board of governors 国际原子能机构理事会 ICSC 国际公务员制度委员会 infrasound monitoring system 次声监测系统 initial planning 初步计划　 inspection 视查 inspector 视查员 integrated safeguard 一体化保障 interactive analysis 交互式分析 introductory course 初级班 ionizing radiation 离子辐射 IRIS　Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology IT dividend 信息技术的好处　 LET 线性能量传递 licensing 发放许可证 lost radiation source 丧失的放射源 Low energy transmittion Major program 主计划 monitor 监测 National Data Centre 国家数据中心 NDC 国家数据中心 New approach 新做法 noble gasses 惰性气体 nuclear fuel cycle 核燃料循环 occupational exposure 职业照射 on-call assistance On-site inspection 现场视查 operational manual 作业手册 OSC　Operational Support Center 作业支持中心 OSI 现场视查 passive seismic 被动地震 pIDC 原型国际数据中心 POM program 计划 Provisional Technical Secretariat 临时技术秘书处（PTS） PTS 同上 radiation 辐射 radiology 放射学 radionuclide monitoring system 放射性核素监测 reactor 反映堆 REB　revised event bulletin redionuclides 放射性核素 regular budget 经党预算 remote monitoring staff cost allocatio 远程监测 reprocessing 后处理 rolling text 滚动文本 safeguards system 保障系统 SCAS　staff cost allocation system 人员成本分配系统 Section 科 Service 处 shielded 减免 site 站址 site survey 勘址 sometic cell 体细胞 specification of equipment 设备规格 spent nuclear fuel 乏燃料 staff council 职工理事会 stasse Ring （维也纳的）市内有轨电车 Statute 规约 TCF 技术合作资金 TCF Indicative Planning Figure TCF 指规数 technical cooperation 技术合作 the Agency 机构 threshold 阈值 thyroid 甲状腺 trouble time information unattended inspection unfunded regular program activities　 无财源的经常计划活动 Unit 股 UNOV 维也纳联办 UNSCEAR 辐射效应科学委员会 URPAs 无财源的经常计划活动 verification 核查 verify 核查 working capital fund 周转基金　 workshop 讲习班 Specialty Vocabulary of Iodine Deficiency Disorders IDD ( Iodine deficiency disorders) 碘缺乏病 Iodine Deficient 碘缺乏 Goitre 甲状腺肿 Goitrogen 致甲肿物质 endemic goiter地方性甲状腺肿 Endemic Cretinism 地方性克汀病 Cretin 克汀病者 Endemic sub-clinical cretinism 亚克汀 （ 地方性亚临床克汀病 ） Nodular endemic goiter 结节型地方病甲状腺肿 Diffuse endemic goiter 弥漫型地方性甲状腺肿 Hyperthyroidism 甲状腺机能亢进 Hypothyroidism 甲状腺机能机能减退 Iodine induced hyperthyroidism 碘性甲状腺机能亢进 Iodine excess goiter 高碘性甲状腺肿 Mental retardation 智力损害 Universal salt iodization 全民食盐加碘 Iodized salt 碘盐 Sustainable elimination of IDD 持续消除碘缺乏病 Population at risk 缺碘人群 Iodine supplementation 补碘 Illegal salt 私盐 Non-iodized salt 非碘盐 Qualified iodized salt 合格碘盐 Coverage of qualified iodized salt at household level 居民合格碘盐使用率 Potassium iodate 碘酸钾 Iodized oil capsule 碘油丸 National epidemiological survey of IDD 全国碘缺乏病监测（两年一次） Iodine intake 碘摄入量 Iodine excretion 碘排泄量 Food fortification 食品强化 Quality control 质量控制 TGR (total goiter rate) 甲状腺肿大率 Prevalence of goiter 甲肿率 Iodine concentration in salt 盐碘含量 UI （urinary iodine） 尿碘 Median of urinary iodine 尿碘中位数 Neonatal thyroid stimulating hermone 新生儿促甲状腺激素 Palpation 触诊法 Ultrosonography B 超法 Cord blood 脐带血 Heel blood 足跟血 Rapid-test kits 快速检定试剂盒 Titration 滴定法 Ceric ammonium sulfate 硫酸铈铵 ELISA 酶联免疫法 NRL 国家参照实验室 Chinese National Salt Industry Corporation 中国盐业总公司 Regulations on Edible Salt Iodization as a Means to Eliminate Iodine Deficiency Disorders 食盐加碘消除碘缺乏危害管理条例 Edible Salt Monopoly Regulation 食盐专营办法 National Outline for IDD Elimination by the Year 2000 中国 2000 年消除碘缺乏病规划纲要 World Declaration for the Survival, Protection and Development of Children 儿童生存、保护和发展世界宣言 The Plan for Action for Implementing the World Declaration for the Survival, Protection and Development of Children 执行九十年代儿童生存、保护和发展世界宣言行动计划 World Summit for Children 世界儿童问题首脑会议 National Advocacy Meeting for IDD Elimination by the Year 2000 中国 2000 年实现消除碘缺乏病目标动员会 National Readvocacy Meeting for the IDD Elimination in China 中国 2000 年实现消除碘缺乏病阶段目标总结暨再动员会 Worldwide Learning 公司有关词汇 accrual accounting 权责发生制会计 tenant 条件 agency ratings - corporate and personal 机构评级：企业和个人 special mention appetite for risk 风险偏好(风险承受度） doubtful benchmarking 同行业标准比较 books of account 帐目 client base 客户群 client management 客户管理 client segmentation 客户分类 client's books of record 客户的资信记录 collateral risk 抵押风险 collections 清偿债务 commercial accounts 商业客户 common size and financial ratio analysis 百分比分析和财务比率分析 compensation balances 补偿余额 consumer credit 个人消费信贷 credit reviews 信贷审查 creditworthiness 信誉度 current ratio 流动比率 customer account management 客户管理 customer profiling 客户概况 customer profitability & loan pricing 客户的赢利能力和贷款定价 debt issuer ratings 债权人评级 equity investments in real estate 房地产股本投资 expected default frequency (EDF) 预计违约频率 expected losses 预期亏损 exposure policies 敞口策略 exposure risk 敞口风险 impact of trade debtors on cashflow 债务人对现金流量的影响 interest rate & liquidity risks 利率与清算风险 limit systems and credit screening 权限机制和信贷审查 liquidity analysis 流动性分析 loan administration 贷款管理 loan defaults 贷款违约 loan transfers 贷款转让 News Corporation 新闻集团 non-performing loans 不良贷款 operational risk 经营风险 position limits 头寸限额 profit & loss account 损益表 recovery risk 清收风险 residential & commercial mortgages 住房按揭 return on assets(ROA) 资产回报率 return on equity(ROE) 股本回报率 risk rating system 风险评级制度 sales ledger 销售帐 secondary mortgages 二次按揭 securities safekeeping 证券保管 securitization 证券化 size of exposure 风险敞口的规模 stock turnover 库存周转率 sub-prime loans 次优等贷款 terms for late/non-performing loans 逾期还款/未还款条款 the weighted cost of funds & base rate 资金加权成本与基本利率 third-party guarantee risks 第三方担保风险 transaction limits 交易限制 Virtual Learning Center(VTC) 虚拟学习中心 working capital 流动资金/运营资金 Worldwide Learning Ltd.(WWL) 环球教育公司 常用词汇(updated) A. AA 制 Dutch treatment; go Dutch 艾滋病(获得性免疫缺损综合征) AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) 爱丽舍宫 Elysée Palace 安居工程 Housing Project for low-income families 按成本要素计算的国民经济总值 GNP at factor cost 按揭贷款 mortgage loan 按劳分配 distribution according to one's performance 暗恋 unrequited love; fall in love with someone secretly 暗亏 hidden loss 澳门大三巴牌坊 Ruins of St. Paul 奥姆真理教 Japanese Aum Doomsday Cult B. 巴黎证券交易所 Paris Bourse 把握大局 grasp the overall situation 白马王子 Prince Charming 白色行情表 white sheet 白色农业 white agriculture (also called "white engineering agriculture"; It refers to microbiological agriculture and biological cell agriculture.) 白手起家 starting from scratch 白条 IOU note, IOU:债款、债务，由 I owe you 的读音缩略转义而来 白雪公主 Snow White 摆架子 put on airs 摆谱儿 put on airs; show off; keep up appearances 拜把兄弟 sworn brothers 拜年 pay New Year call 搬迁户 relocated families 半拉子工程 uncompleted project 棒球运动记者 scribe 傍大款 (of a girl) find a sugar daddy; be a mistress for a rich man; lean on a moneybags 包干到户 work contracted to households 包干制 overall rationing system; scheme of payment partly in kind and partly in cash 包工包料 contract for labor and materials 保持国民经济发展的良好势头 maintain a good momentum of growth in the national economy 保持国有股 keep the State-held shares 保健食品 health-care food 保理业务 factoring business 保护性关税 protective tariffs 保税区 the low-tax, tariff-free zone; bonded area 保证重点支出 ensure funding for priority areas 保值储蓄 inflation-proof bank savings 报国计划的实施 implementation of Dedicator's Project 北欧投资银行 Nordic Investment Bank 本本主义 bookishness 《本草纲目》 Compendium of Materia Medica 本垒打 circuit clout, four-master, round trip 本命年 one's year of birth considered in relation to the 12 Terrestrial Branches 奔小康 strive for a relatively comfortable life 笨鸟先飞 A slow sparrow should make an early start. 蹦极 bungee, bungee jumping 避免“大而全”的重复建设 avoid duplicate (duplicated, overlapping) construction of "small and all inclusive projects" 逼上梁山 be driven to drastic alternatives 比较经济学 comparative economics 比上不足，比下有余 worse off than some, better off than many; to fall short of the best, but be better than the worst 闭门羹 given cold-shoulder 边际报酬 marginal return 边缘科学 boundary science 变相涨价 disguised inflation 便携式电脑 portable computer; laptop; notebook computer 标书 bidding documents 表演赛 demonstration match 剥夺冠军 strip the gold medal of somebody 博彩（业）lottery industry 博士生 candidate 补缺选举 by-election 补贴与反补贴措施 subsidies and countervailing measures 布达拉宫 Potala Palace 布雷顿森林体系 Bretton Woods system 不败记录 clean record, spotless record 不承诺放弃使用武器 not undertake to renounce the use of force 不打不成交 No discord, no concord. 不到长城非好汉 He who has never been to the Great Wall is not a true man. 不分上下的总统选举结果 the neck-and-neck presidential election result 《不见不散》 Be there or be square. 不可再生资源 non-renewable resources 不良贷款 non-performing loan 不夜城 sleepless city, ever-bright city 不正之风 bad (harmful) practice; unhealthy tendency 不准打白条 No illegitimate promissory notes (IOUs) 步行天桥 foot bridge C. 擦边球 edge ball, touch ball 擦网球 net ball 采取高姿态 show magnanimity 采取市场多元化战略 adopt the strategy of a multi-outlet market “菜篮子”工程 the "shopping basket' project (program) 参政、议政 participate in the management of State affairs 沧海桑田 Seas change into mulberry fields and mulberry fields change into seas--time brings great changes to the world. What was once the sea has now changed into mulberry fields--the world is changing all the time. 仓储式超市 stockroom-style supermarket 草根工业 grass root industry (refers to village and township enterprises which take root among farmers and grow like wold grass) 层层转包和违法分保 multi-level contracting and illegal sub-contracting 差额投票 differential voting 差额选举 competitive election 茶道 sado 查房 make/go the rounds of the wards 拆东墙补西墙 rob Peter to pay Paul 拆迁户 households or units relocated due to building demolition 搀水股票 water-down stocks (ordinary stocks that can be bought by persons inside a stock company or a business at a cost lower that their face value) 禅 dhyana 产粮大省 granary province 产量比 1997 年增加了 2 倍 the output has increased 3 times (registered a 3-fold increase; increased 200%)compared with 1997 产品结构 product mix 产权明晰、权责明确、政企分开、科学管理 clearly established ownership, well defined power and responsibility, separation of enterprise from administration, and scientific management 产权制度、产权关系 property relations; property order 产销直接挂钩 directly link production with marketing 产业的升级换代 upgrading of industies 产业结构升级 upgrading of an industrial structure 长二捆 LM-2E 长江三角洲 Yangtze River delta 长期共存、互相监督、肝胆相照、荣辱与共 long-term coexistence, mutual supervision, sincere treatment with each other and the sharing of weal or woe 长线产品 product in excessive supply 厂长经理负责制 the factory director (manager) responsibility system 畅通工程 "Smooth Traffic Project" 畅销产品 marketable products; products with good market ;commodities in short supply ; goods in great demand. 唱高调 mouth high-sounding words 超高速巨型计算机 giant ultra-high-speed computer 超前消费 overconsuming, excessive consumption 彻头彻尾的反动政治势力 an out and out reactionary political force 城市规划 city's landscaping plan; urban planning 城市中年雅皮士 muppie （一批中年专业人士，附庸风雅，矫揉造作 cutesification，崇尚竟品至上 boutiqueification，攀比银行存款 bankification 等摆阔作风，由 middle-aged urban yuppie 缩合而成） 城乡信用社 credit corroborative in both urban and rural areas 吃大锅饭 egalitarian practice of "everybody eating from the same big pot" 吃皇粮 receive salaries, subsidies, or other supported from the government 重复建设 building redundant project; duplication of similar projects 抽杀成功 hit through 筹备委员会 preparatory committee 出风头 show off;in the limelight 出口创汇能力 capacity to earn foreign exchange through exports 出口加工区 export processing zones 出口退税制度 the system of refunding taxes on exported goods; export (tax) rebate 出口退税 refunding export taxes 出口转内销 domestic sales of commodities orginally produced for exports 出家 pravrajana; cloister 传销 multi level marketing 窗口行业 various service trades 创建卫生城市：build a nationally advanced clean city 创汇产品 foreign exchange (hard-currency) earning experts 创业园 high-tech business incubator; pioneer park 吹风会 (advanced) briefing 春蕾计划 Spring Buds Program 春运 (passenger) transport during the Spring Festival 《春秋》 Spring and Autumn Annals 磁悬浮列车 Maglev train (magnetically levitated train), magnetic suspension train 刺激内需 stimulate domestic demand 辞旧迎新 bid farewell to the old and usher in the new; ring out the old year and ring in the new 此地无银三百两 A guilty person gives himself away by consciously protesting his innocence. 从粗放经济转变为集约经济 shift from extensive economy to intensive economy 粗放式管理 extensive management 促进全球经济一体化 foster integration with the global economy 促进富余人员合理流动 promote a rational flow of surplus personnel 促进住房商品化 promote the commercialization of housing 存款保证金 guaranty money for deposits D. 大包干 all-round responsibility system; lump-sum appropriations operation 达到或接近国际先进水平 reach or approach advanced international standards 打破地区封锁和行业垄断 break regional blockades and trade monopolies 呆帐与坏帐 stagnant debts and bad debts ;non performing funds 道琼斯工业平均指数飙升至 9580 点 the Dow Jones industrial index average soared to 9580 points 当日指数已 1120 点收盘 the index closed finished ended at 120 on that day 第三产业 third/tertiary industry, service sector, third sequence of enterprises 第四产业 quaternary/information industry 第一/第二/第三产业 the primary/secondary/tertiary industry (the service sector) “豆腐渣”工程 a jerry-built project 东亚金融危机 the southeast Asian Financial crisis (turmoil) 毒品走私 drug trafficking 对大中型国营企业进行公司制改革 to corporatize large and medium-sized State-owned (state-owned, state) enterprises E. 厄尔尼诺 El Nino 恶性肿瘤 malignant tumor 恶性循环 vicious circle 遏制通货膨胀 curb (check, curtail) the inflation F. 法轮功 Falun Gong Cult 发行股票、债券 issue shares and bonds 发扬优良传统 carry forward the fine traditions 发优惠券以促销 issue discount shopping coupons to promote sales 发展文学艺术、新闻出版、广播影视 develop literature, the arts, the press, publications, radio, film and television; promote literature and art, the press and publishing, radio, film and television 发展新兴产业和高技术产业 develop rising and high-tech industries 发展畜牧业、养殖业、林业 develop animal husbandry (livestock farming), aquaculture and forestry 反对铺张浪费 oppose/combat extravagance and waste 反倾销 anti-dumping 防暴警察 riot police 防止经济过热 prevent an overheated economy (overheating of the economy) 防止国有资产流失 prevent the loss (devaluation) of State assets 防止泡沫经济 avoid a bubble economy too many bubbles in economy) 分流下岗人员争取再就业 redirect laid-off workers for reemployment 扶贫、脱贫 poverty reduction and elimination 妇幼保健 maternity and child care G. 改革开放和现代化建设的总设计师 the chief architect of China's reform, opening and modernization drive 改进产业结构和产品结构 improve the industrial pattern and product mix 该公司股票已经上市 the stock of the company have been listed (have gone public, have been launched) 赶上或超过国际先进水平 catch up with or even surpass advanced world levels 高举邓小平理论的伟大旗帜 hold high the greater banner of Deng xiaoping Theory 各族人民 people of all nationalities (all ethnic groups) 个体户 self-employed households /people 个人所得税 individual income tax 个体工商业者 individual industrialists and businessman 公务员 public servants; civil servants; government functionaries; government employees 股份合作制 the joint stock cooperative system 股份制 the joint stock system 股票热降温了 the stock craze has abated 股市指数 the stock market (exchange) index 股市指数突破 1300 点大关 the stock index broke the 1300-poit mark 股指暴跌，跌幅 %，以 元探底 the index slumped percent to Yuan 鼓励兼并，规范破产 encourage mergers and standardize bankruptcy procedures 规模经济，减轻就业压力 to ease the pressure of employment (the employment pressure) 国防科技 defence-related science and technology 国际大都市 cosmopolis 国家指定考试 government-mandated test 国家主席/总理/副总理/国务委员/部长/省长/厅、局长/县长/处长/科长/乡 长/村民委员会主任 president/premier/vice premier/state councilor/minister/governor/bureau director/county magistrate, county head/department head/ section chief/ head of the township/ chairman of the village committee 国家公务员制度 the system of public services 国内生产总值/国民生产总值 GDP (Gross Domestic Product)/ GNP (Gross National Product) 国事访问 a state visit 恒生指数（香港）宽幅震荡 the Heng Sheng index fluctuated violently 获薄利 earn (make) narrow profits 获厚利 earn (make, reap) substantial profits H. 海市蜃楼，镜花水月, 无稽之谈 a mare’s nest 海湾战争综合症 the complexities of the Gulf War 函授大学 correspondence university 旱地滑雪场 mock skiing park 汉字处理软件 Chinese character processing software 航母 aircraft carrier 豪赌 unrestrained gambling 好事不出门，恶事传千里 Good news never goes beyond the gate, while bad news spread far and wide. 好出风头的运动员 exhibitionist, grandstander 好莱坞大片 Hollywood blockbuster "好球" "Strike" 和服 Kimono 合理引导消费 guide rational consumption 合议庭 collegiate bench 核销 cancel after verification 黑店 gangster inn 黑客 hacker 黑社会 Mafia-style organizations; gangland 宏观调控 macro-control 红包 （中）red paper containing money as a gift, (贬) bribe, kickback 《红楼梦》A Dream in Red Mansions (The Story of the Stone) 红帽子企业 red cap enterprise (refers to the reputation a private enterprise enjoys by becoming attached to a government department and doing business in the name of a state-run or collective-run enterprise) 红细胞生成素 Erythropoietin (EPO) 环太平洋地区 Pacific Rim 后防空虚 leave the defense exposed 后台管理 back-stage management 呼啦圈 hu la hoop 胡子工程 long-drawn-out project (a project which takes so long that young workers become bearded) 虎父无犬子 A wise goose never lays a tame egg. 互动广告 interactive advertisement 户口簿 residence booklet 户口管理制度 domicile system, residence registration system 户主 head of a household 护身法宝 amulet 华表 ornamental column/cloud pillar/stele 华盖 canopy 滑板车 scooter "坏球" "Ball" 还俗 resume secular life, unfrock "黄、赌、毒" pornography, gambling and drug abuse and trafficking 黄金时段 prime time (吃)"皇粮" public grainfunds, goods, etc provided by the government; salary paid by the state 挥棒 swing 挥棒不中 fan 灰色收入 income from moonlighting 汇丰银行 Hong Kong and Shang Hai Banking Corporation 婚介所 matrimonial agency 婚外恋 extramarital love 活到老，学到老 One is never too old to learn. 火炬计划 Torch Program (a plan to develop new and high technology) 货币化 monetization 货币回笼 withdrawal of currency from circulation 货到付款 cash on delivery J. 基础设施工程第一期 the first phase of the infrastructure project 积压产品 overstocked commodities (inventories) 缉毒队 narcotics squad 计划生育 family planning (birth control) 积极培育新的经济增长点 actively cultivate new points of economic growth 技术/劳动/资本/知识密集型产业 technology-intensive/labor-intensive/capital-intensive/knowledge-intensive industries 技术更新/改造 technological updating /renovation 计算机 2000 年问题 Y2Kproblem (y for year, k for kilo or thousand) 加强税收政策 tighten tax collection 加强物质文明和精神文明的建设 foster both material progress and cultural and ethical (cultural and ideological) progress 加强优生、优育 improve prenatal and postnatal care 加速科技成果商品化、产业化进程 accelerate the commercialization and industrialization of scientific and technological achievements 艰苦创业的精神 the hardworking and enterprising spirit 减轻农民负担 lighten the burden on the peasants (farmers) 建设性战略伙伴关系 a constructive strategic partnership 减员增效 increase efficiency by downsizing staff 解决他们的温饱问题 provide them with adequate food and clothing 解困基金 anti-poverty funds 今年第一季度产量比去年同期增长了 % the production increased % between January and March compared the corresponding period (the same time ) last year 金融机构 financial institutions 精兵之路 fewer but better troops 经济发展全球化的趋势 the globalization trend in economic development 经济法制化 to manage economic affairs according to law; to put economic operation on a legal basis 经济技术开发区 an economic and technological development zone 经济市场化/私有化 the mercerization/privatization of the economy 经济特区 a special economic zone 经济体制改革 economic restructuring 经济萎缩/起飞/兴旺 an economic depression (slump, recession)/an economic takeoff/an economic boom 经济转轨 switch to a market economy 精简各级政府机构 streamline government departments at all levels 精品 competitive products 竞争意识 competitive spirit 九届二次全国人民代表大会 the second session of the 9th National People's Congress 就业前和在职培训 pre-employment and on-the-job (in-service) training 纠正行业不正之风 rectify malpractice in various trades 军嫂 military spouse K. 科技是第一生产力 Science and technology constitute the primary productive force. 科教兴国战略 the strategy of revitalizing (invigorating) China through science and education 克隆 clone 扣除通货膨胀因素后的人均实际年收入 the annual per-captia income in real terms (allowing for inflation ) 跨国公司 transnational corporation (transactional, multinational corporation ,multinational) 扩大/缩小地区发展差距 widen/narrow the gap/disparity between regions/localities in terms of development L. 劳务输出 export of labor services 劳务招聘会 a labor fair; a job fair 联防 community/team policing 连续五年丰收 bumper harvests for five consecutive years (for five years in row ;for five years running ;for five years on end ; for the fifth consecutive year) 练摊 to be a vendor (do business) 乱收费、乱集资、乱摊派的现象依然很严重 Arbitrary collection of charges, abuse of fund-raising and unchecked apportionment (arbitrary quotas) are still rampant. M. 盲流和倒流人员 jobless migrants from rural areas to cities, influx from the countryside 美圆对日圆全面升值 the system of pegging the currency to the US dollar 名牌产品 famous-brand products ,brand named product 民族问题 the ethnic minority issue 母公司/子公司/分公司/办事处 the parent company /subsidiary/branch/branch/representative office N. 耐用消费品 consumer durables 内耗 in-fighting 农副业产品 agricultural (farm) and sideline products 农村/城市信用合作社 rural/urban credit cooperatives 牛市/熊市 a bull/bear market O. 欧元 Euro P. 派出所 local police station 跑龙套 utility man, play a bit role, general handyman 泡沫经济 bubble economy 配股 allotment of shares 配套政策 supporting policies 培养跨世纪人才 bring up (foster) cross-century (trans-century) specialists 棚户 shacks; family that live in shacks 碰钉子 get snubbed 碰头会 brief meeting ( A brief, small-scale, informal meeting with no fixed agenda, the main purpose of which is to exchange information.) 疲软股票 soft stock 皮包公司 bogus company 啤酒肚 beer belly 票贩子 scalper, ticket tout 票房 box office 骗汇、逃汇、套汇 obtain foreign currency and false pretenses, not turn over foreign currency owed to the government and illegal arbitrage 拼图 jigsaw 贫富悬殊 polarization of rich and poor 贫铀弹 depleted uranium bomb 平均主义 equalitarianism 平面设计师 graphic designer 评头论足 nit-pick 瓶颈制约 “bottleneck”restrictions 扑网(体） rush-up, rushing 普选制 general election system Q. 妻管严丈夫 hen-pecked husband 取消“大锅饭” give up the practice of "eating from the same big pot"; abolish egalitarianism 取消福利分房 abolish the welfare-oriented distribution (allocation) of public housing 全球变暖 global warming 全面投产开工 go into (enter ) full operation; be full operation; be fully operational 拳头产品 knockout product or competitive product 缺少流动资金 a shortage of circulating funds (floating capital) 裙带经济 crony economy R. 人才 competent people; trained personnel; experts; specialists 人才市场 the personnel market 人均国民生产总值达到中等发达国家水平 The average per-capita GNP will reach the standard of moderately developed countries. 人民币对美圆汇率稳定 the stability of RMB exchange rate against USD 人民币贬值的压力 the devaluation pressure on RMB 人均住房 per-capita housing 日经指数跌至今年最低点 the Nikkei Index fell to a record low for the year. 融资 financing; fund-raising S. 三角恋爱 love triangle 三角债 chain debts 三陪服务 escort service 傻瓜相机 Instamatic INSTA(NT)+(AUTO)MATIC 商品房空置的现象 the vacancy problem in commercial housing 商品粮基地 a commodity grain production base 商业银行 commercial banks 上海证券交易所 the Shanghai Securities Exchange 社会生活 social activities 社会治安情况 law-and-order situation 生活物价指数 the cost of living index/the price index 谁控股？ Who holds the controlling shares? 实行董事会领导下的总经理负责制 practice the system of director-general responsibility under the leadership of board of the bored of directors. 使经济进一步市场化 make the economy more market-oriented 使大中型企业摆脱困境 extricate (free) the large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises from predicament 实体经济 the real economy 售后服务 after sale service 死胡同 blind alley 私人企业 private enterprises (foreign-funded, foreign financed foreign-owned) enterprises T. 提高军队在高科技条件下的作战能力 improve the army combat capabilities under high-tech conditions 提高综合国力 improve the overall national strength (the overall strength of the country) 投诉 lodge a complaint, register a beef 投诉热线 dial-a-cheat confidential hotline 投资热点 a region attractive to investors, a much-sought piece of land, popular investment spot 推进国民经济信息化 try to informationize the national economy 推进政府机构改革 restructure government institutions 脱贫致富 cast (shake, throw) off poverty and set out on a road to prosperity W. 外交豁免权 diplomatic immunity 外商独资企业 wholly (solely ) foreign-owned enterprises 外向型经济/城市 an export-oriented economy/a foreign-oriented city, an international city 外资 overseas investment 外资企业 foreign invested (foreign founded ,foreign financed ,foreign-owned) enterprises . X. 下海 go into business 小康水平 the living standards of a fairly comfortable life; a relatively comfortable standard of living 消除两极分化，最终达到共同富裕 eliminate polarization and ultimately achieve common prosperity Y. 沿着有中国特色的社会主义道路阔步前进 take great strides along the road to socialism with Chinese characteristics 摇头丸 dancing outreach 依法收税 levy taxes according the law 一次付清 pay in full 一次消费 one-time-consumption 一次成像照片 a Polaroid picture 一次偿还信贷 non-installment 一次性杯子 sanitary cup 一次性筷子 disposable chopsticks 一次性收入 lump-sum payment 一次用包装 non-returnable container 一次性汇款 lump-sum payment 一次性拖鞋 disposable slippers 一蹶不振的 B 股市场 a sluggish B-share market 以经济建设为中心 take economic construction as the central task 隐形就业 unregistered employment; veiled re-employment 隐形眼镜 contact lens 有价证券投资 portfolio investment 拥军优属 preferential treatment for families of servicemen and martyrs 拥有至少 50%的股份 hold a minimum of 50% percent of the equity 由于资源不足，必须实施可持续发展战略 We must adopt the strategy of sustainable development owing to the limited resources. 与国际接轨 be geared to international standards; be brought in line with international practice (norms) 与美圆的联系汇率 the system of pegging the currency to the . dollar 育龄夫妇 couples of child-bearing age Z. 增加财政收入 increase the state tax revenue (fiscal revenue) 增殖税 the value-added tax (VAT) 掌上明珠 the apple of one's eye 正常贸易关系 Normal Trade Relations 政策银行 policy bank 政企分开 separate administrative functions from enterprises management ;separate administration from management 振兴支柱产业 invigorate pillar industries 振兴中华 the rejuvenation (revitalization) of the Chinese nation 支持强强联合，实现优势互补 support association between strong enterprises so that they can take advantage of each other's strengths 智囊团、思想库 the brain trust (think tank) 执行通货紧缩政策 pursue a deflationary policy (the policy of deflation) 支援灾区（灾民）；救灾 provide relief to disaster-stricken areas (people) 制约 check and supervision 中共十五大 the 15th National Congress of the CPC 中外合资 100 强 the top 100 Sino-foreign (Chinese-foreign) joint ventures 重视老龄化问题 attach importance to the problem of population aging (the aging population) 昼夜服务 round-the-clock service 主体经济 principal sector of the economy; the mainstay of the economy 滞销货 unmarketable (unsalable .poor selling )product 抓大放小 manage large enterprises well while ease control over small ones 总产值创最高历史记录 total output value hit a record high (an all-time high) 综合指数停止下滑，上升 28 点，达到 671 点 the composite stopped the declining momentum, gaining 28 points to 671 最终实现人民币的自由兑换 the free convertibility of the RMB will evenly be instituted ;the RMB will finally become a convertible currency Tibetology Terms Amitabha 阿弥陀佛 Anterior Tibet 前藏 一个大活佛，其庙叫祖卜寺(Tsurpu) Apsaras 飞天 Attisha 阿底峡 Avalokiteshvara 观音 Bhodisattva 菩萨 Bon (Black) 本 教 (黑) Budda 佛 Dorje (多杰/藏文) Chapel 佛堂 Circumanbulate 转经道 (v.) Circumanbulation 转经道 Circumanbulator 转经道的人 Consort 明妃 Dakini 空行母 Deity 明王 Dipamkara 燃灯佛；宝光佛 Dipamkara 宝光佛；燃灯佛 Disciplinarian 铁棒喇嘛 Dorje 多杰(藏文:金刚) Dorje 金刚 Drakpa 和尚(藏文)刚) Dratsang 扎仓(学校) Drepung 哲蚌寺 Drepung Monastry 哲蚌寺(拉萨三大寺之一) Drolma 卓玛（藏文：度母） Drolma 度母（女菩萨） Empty 空 Enthronement 坐床 Esoteric Buddhism 密宗 Exotoric Buddhism 显宗 Form 色 Formless 空 Ganden Monastry 甘丹寺(拉萨三大寺之一) Ge-kor 铁棒喇嘛萨三大 Great Perfection 大园满 Green Tara 绿度母 Gulug (Yellow hat) 格鲁派 Guru 和沿(梵文) Hayagriva 马头明主 Hinayana 小乘 Holy mountain 魂山 Hutukta 活佛(蒙文) （最好不要用） Incarnated lama 转世活佛 Jampa 弥勒慈氏 Jokhang Temple 大昭寺 Kaggu (White) 噶举 Kalachakra 时轮(金刚) Kangyur 甘珠尔(佛语) Karmapa 葛玛巴 Khangtsen 康村(宿舍) Khatag 哈达 Khenpo 堪布(主持) Kumbum 塔尔 b Kunbum M. 堪布寺(在西宁) Labrang M. 拉卜楞寺(甘南) Lama 喇嘛，指大和尚 Lineage 传承 Lobsang 洛桑 Losang 洛桑 Lozang 洛桑 Mahakala 大黑天(本教中神的名字) Mahayana 大乘 Main Assembly Hall 大经堂 Maitreya 弥勒慈氏 Mandala 檀城 Mandala 曼陀螺 Manjushri 文殊(菩萨) Mantra 咒语 Master 上师 (和尚) Material 色 Medicine Buddha 药师佛 Monastry 寺院（比 Temple 大） Monk 和尚( 小) Monlam 默然大法会 Monlam 传昭大法会 Mudra 手印 Nga 阿 Ngari 阿里 Nirvan 涅盘 Nyingma 宁玛 Order 教派 Padma 莲花 Padmasambhava 莲花生 Pagoda 佛塔 Palkor Chode 白居寺 Panchen Lama 班禅 Partner 明妃 Pelden Lhamo 吉祥天女 Pelden Lhamo 班丹拉母 Potala 布达拉宫 Prayer meeting festival 传昭大法会 Prayer wheel 传经筒 Ramoche Temple 小昭寺 Reincarnation 灵童 Rinpoche 活佛(通用) Sakya (Stripe hat) 花派(萨迦) Sect 教派 Sera Monastry 色拉寺(拉萨三大寺之一) Shakyamuni 施加摩尼 Shantarakshita 寂护 Shantarakshita 静命 Sharipu 舍利子 (骨灰) Sku-Vbumchen-mo 白居寺 Sontzen Gampo 松赞干布 Soul mountain 魂山 Soul yak 魂牛 l Stupa 灵塔 p Sutra Chanting Hall 大经堂 a Taer 塔尔 r Tara 度母（女菩萨） Tashilhunpo Monastry 扎时伦布寺(在日喀泽) Temple 寺庙 Tengyur 丹珠尔(论部)喀泽) Tibetan Buddhism 藏传佛教 Tibetan Studies 藏学 Tibetan Tripitaka 大藏经 Tibetology 藏学 Tradition 教派 Trulku 活佛(藏文) Tsam-pa 糌粑 Tsamba 糌粑 Tsang 后藏 Tsongkhapa 宗喀巴 U 前藏 Union of happiness 乐空双运 Vajra 金刚 Vajrayana 密宗 White Tara 白度母 Yamataka 阿曼德迦;大威 Yamataka 怖畏金刚 Yidam 本尊 Some basic terms in textile industry 晴纶柔软机 acrylic tow softening machine 睛纶水洗机 acrylic tow washing machine 梳理 carding 化学纤维锭子 chemical fibre spindle 化学织维纺丝机 chemical fibre spinning machinery 化学纤维丝束 chemical fibre tow 电脑集成制造系统 CIMS - computer integrated manufacturing system 清洗 cleaning 精梳机 comber 精梳机 comber set CAD电脑辅助设计 computer aided design CAM电脑辅助系统 computer aided manufacturing CAQ电脑辅助质量 computer aided quality 旦尼尔 denier 牵伸变形机 draw texturing machine 牵伸加捻机 draw twister 牵伸卷绕机 draw winder 牵伸机系列 drawing machines series 长丝 filament 复丝 fine filament spun by multiple spinnerette plate FMS可调加工系统 flexible manufacturing system MIS management information system MAS加工自动系统 manufacturing automatic system 计量泵 metering pump 天然织维纺织机 natural fibre spinning machinery 麻 ramie 转速－rpm revolutions per minute 并卷绕机 ribbon lap machine 精并卷机 ribbon lap machine 立达机械 Rieter Machine Works Ltd. 环锭缧和机 ring spinning frame 纲领 rings 罗拉 roller 转杯纺纱单位 roter spinning units 转杯纺纱机 rotor spinning machine 粗纱 roving 立达经纬 Shanghai Rieter-Jingwei Textile Machinery Ltd. 精条卷机 sliver lap machine 并条 slivering 特别专件及配件 special parts and components 锭子 spindle 喷丝头 spinnerette 细纱 spinning ISO the International Organization for Standardisation 倍捻机 two-for-one twister 黏胶长丝机 viscose filament spinning machine 黏胶短丝机 viscose staple spinning machine Terms used in government securities auction 拍卖 batch processing 分批处理 bearer from bond 无记名国债 book-entry bond 记帐式国债 Cedel 世达银行 certificate bond 凭证式国债 collateral 抵押 coupon-bearing bond 附息国债 CSD central securities depository 中国证券托管机构 dematerialized bond 无纸化国债 depository 托管 differential 兑价差 DVP 钱券兑付 Euroclear 欧洲清算中心 government securities primary dealer system 国债一级自营商制度 gross settlement 全额结算 Gross Settlement DVP I 全额结算 hub and spoke model 轴与辐条模式 immobilization of physical bond 实物券的非移动化 issue volume 发行量 Liberty order processing system 自由报价处理系统 market maker 做市商 matching 撮合 Net cash, Gross securities DVP II 净款，全额证券 Net Cash, Net Securities DVP III 净款，净券 net settlement 净额结算 novation 替代 OTC market 场外市场 physical bond 实物券 quota system 基数认购 real time settlement 实时结算 registered bond 记名国债 replacement cost risk 重置成本风险 RTGS Real Time Gross Settlement 实时全额结算 securities loan 融券 short term bills 短期国债 Sicovam 法国存托机构 spaghetti factory 空心面工厂 tendering systtem 竞价系统 tradable bond 可上市国债 trade by trade settlement 逐笔结算 underwriting 承购包销 underwriting sydication 承购包销团 untimely delivery risk 不及时交割风险 untimely payment risk 不及时付款风险 untradable bond 不可上市国债 zero-coupon bond 零息国债 Terms in power generation AC 交流 bushing 套管 cable 电缆 capacitor 电容器 circuit breaker 断路器 combined-cycle power plant 联合循环电厂 contractor 接触器 DC 直流 direct current 直流 distribution board 配电板 distribution transformer 配电变压器 district heating 地区供热 drive 传动系统 dry-type 干式 drying equipment 干燥设备 electrical multiple units 电动机组 electrical wholesaling 电气批发 fans and coils 风扇及线圈 fossil combustion system 化石燃烧系统 fossil-fueled 化石燃烧 furnance 焚化炉 fuse 熔断器 gas turbine 燃汽轮机 gas-cooled 气体冷却 gas-insulated 气体绝缘 general contracting 总承包服务 high-voltage switchgear 高压开关 light rail vehicle 轻铁车辆 light-water 轻水 locomotive 机车 medium-voltage equipment 中压设备 multiple units 多动力单元 oil immersed 油浸 paint dispensing 油漆分散设备 paint finishing 喷涂系统 PFBC 增压流化床电厂 power distribution 配电 power generation 发电 power line 输电线 power transmission 输电 press 压机 process engineering 工艺过程设计 reactive power compensation 无功补偿 substation 变电站 supercharges 增压器 switch 开关 switchboard 配电盘 tap-changer 抽头转换开关变压器 turnkey 总承包 utility 公用事业 utility steam power plant 民用火电厂 very high-speed train 高速列车 wire 电线 Terms used in insurance industry accident 意外事故险 actuarial method 精算法 Advance Loss Profits (ALOP) 预期利润损失险，利损险 Advance profit 预期利润 broker 经纪人 Business Interruption Insurance (BI) 营业中断险 captive 自保公司 casualty 意外伤害险 catastrophe 巨灾险 ceding company 分出公司 claim 索赔 claim settlement 理赔 combined ratio 综合赔付率 Consequential Loss (CL) 后果损失 Contractor's All Risks (CAR) 建筑工程一切险（建工险） cover 保障 Delay in completion 完工延误 EEI 电子设备险 engineering insurance 工程保险 Erection All Risks (EAR) 安装工程一切险（安工险） excess of loss cover 超额赔偿 EXL protection 超赔保障 facultative business 临分保 IBRN Incurred but not reported losses 已发生但未 报的损失 IBRN reserve IBRN储备金 indemnity period/limit 赔期/期限 inflated claim 超额索赔 insurance capacity 承保能力 insured property 参保物业 Kobe 神户 Lloyd 劳合社 long-tail 长尾 Loss of profit 利损险 Machinery (Breakdown) Insurance 机器（损坏〕险，机损险 mail/sub-contractor 主/分承包商 maintenance 保证期 multiple claim 多次（重复）索赔 non-life 非寿险 officer & director liability 雇主保险 outstanding claim reserve 未决索赔准备金 PC industry property & catastrophe industry peril 危险 policy 保单 pool 联营 possible maximum loss 可能的最大损失 premium 保费 primary insurance company 原保公司、主保险商 principal/employer 业主 professional 专业险 profit margin 利润边际 property 财产险 proportional cover 比例分保 punitive damage 惩罚性损害 rate 费率 reinsurer 分保人（分保公司） reinsurer 再保人 reserve 准备金 retention 自留 return period （巨灾）间隔期 short-tail 短尾 solvency margin 赔偿能力 standing charges 维持费用 subject insured 风险标的 sum insured 保额 tarrif zone 险区 Third Party Liability (TPL) 第三者责任险 treaties business 合同分保 turnover 营业额 underwriting 承保 working expenses /cost 营业费用 writing 承保 Chemical terms of Hoechst company acetic acid 醋酸 agricultural & veterinary products 农药及兽药 analgesics 解热镇痛药 antibiotics 抗生素 auxiliaries 助剂 auxiliary chemicals 化工助剂 AZO pigments 偶氮颜料 base chemicals 化工品 Cellulose acetate cigarette filter tow 二醋酸纤维素丝束 cellulose acetate flake 二醋酸纤维素切片 dyes 染料 dyes & indigo products 染料及蓝靛类产品 dystuff fuchsine engineering plastics 工程塑料 fiber spin-dying 化纤原液染色 industrial gasses 工业气体 Masterbatch 色母粒 Nautong Cellulose Fibers Co. 南通醋酸纤维有限公司 pharmaceutical generics 一般保健药品 pigments 颜料 plastic films 塑料薄膜 polyester 聚酯纤维 polymers 聚合物 POM 聚甲醛 powder coating 粉末涂料 reactive dystuffs 活性染料 sorbric acid 山梨酸 STPP 三聚磷酸纳 streptase 链激霉 tow 丝束、烟束 tyre cord 轮胎帘子布 UHP graphite electrodes 超高功率石墨电极 vinyl acetate 醋酸乙烯 water-based paint 水溶性漆料 Terms on bus and automobile structures 气 压 双 管 路 air-operated, dual circuit 接 近 角 / 离 去 角 approach / departure angle 车 身 结 构 ： 半 承 载 式 body structure: semin-monocoque 制动系统 brake 车 架 ： 梯 形 结 构 chassie frame: trapezium structure 底 盘 型 号 chassie type 整 车 整 备 质 量 complete vehicle kerb mass 发动机 汽油或柴油 直列 前置 diesel, or gasoline, in line, front-mounted 应急制动 emergency brake 储 能 弹 簧 energy-stored spring 前 悬 / 后 悬 front / rear overhang 前 轮 距 / 后 轮 距 front / rear tread 百 公 里 油 耗 fuel consumption / 100 km 变 速 器 gear box 钢 板 弹 簧 + 减 震 器 laminated leaf spring plus shock absorber 左 置 、 循 环 球 式 left hand located, ball recirculating steering type 主 要 总 成 main parts 厂定最大总质量 manufacturer's total mass 发动机最大功率 maximum power 变速器 机械式 带同步 器 mechanical type with sychronizers 机械式 作用于后轮 mechanical type, acting on rear wheels 最小转弯直径 minimum diameter of turning circle 总 (长 、 宽 、 高 ) overall (length, width, height) 驻车制动 parking brake 后 桥 rear axle 乘 员 数 seats 行车制动 service brake: 后桥 单级减速 双曲线伞齿轮 single-grade reduction hyperbolic bevel gear 离合器 单片 干式 机械操纵 single-plate, dry, mechanical control (in clutch) 转 向 器 steering gear 悬 挂 系 统 suspension 轴 距 wheelbase Terms which often appear at UNICEF meetings Acute Respiratory Infection ARI 急 性 呼 息 系 统 疾 病 ACWF 全 国 妇 联 Baby friendly 爱 婴 breast feeding 母 乳 喂 养 CAPM, Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicines 中 国 预 防 医 学 科 学 院 CDCC 中 国 儿 童 中 心 cold chain 冷 链 CPR, Country Program Recommendation 国 别 方 案 建 议 书 CRC “ 儿 童 权 利 公 约” diarrhoea 腹 泻 DIR 外 经 贸 部 国 际 司 early sucking 开 乳 goitre rate 甲 肿 率 growth retardation 儿童 生 长 迟 缓 IDD 碘 缺 乏 症 immunization 免 疫 infant mortality rate 婴 儿 死 亡 率 iodinized salt 加 碘 盐 iodization salt 加 碘 盐 iodized salt 加碘 盐 Iron-deficiency Anemia 缺 铁 性 贫 血 maternal martality rate 孕 妇 死 亡 率 micro-credit 小 额 贷 款 MPO, Master plan of operations 国 别 方 案 MTR, Mid-term Review 方 案 中 期 评 审 MWR 水 利 部 neo-natal tetenus (NNT) 新 生 儿 破 伤 风 NPA 儿 童 发 展 规 划 纲 要 NPAW 妇 女 发 展 纲 要 NPHCC 爱 卫 会 NWCCW 妇 儿 工 委（ 国 务 院） obeisity 单 纯 肥 胖 症 OCB 儿 基 会 中 国 办事 处 ORT 口 服 补液 polio eradication 消 除 脊 灰 Protein Energy Malnutrition 热 量 蛋 白 质 营 养 不 良 Rickets 小 儿 佝 偻 病 Silent emergency 无 声 的 危 机 SPPA 贫 困 地 区 社 会 发 展 项 目 SQLF 宋 庆 龄 基 金 会 trace element deficiency 微 量 元 素 缺 乏 症 UNAIDS 联 合 国 艾 滋 病 联 合 工 作 组 under-weight 低 体 重 weaning 断 奶 WFP 粮 食 规 划 署 WID 妇 女 扶 贫 计 划 Terms from the Seminar on the Issuance of Bank Subordinated Debt March 28, 2001 By James Feng 10 step-up 5 10 年期 5 年进级结构 Amortization 摊销 Basel Agreement or accord 巴塞尔协议 Basel Committee 巴塞尔委员会 BIS 国际清算银行 Bullet structure 一次性结构 Call option 回购权 Call option 回购权 Capital adequacy rate 资本充足率 Capital ratio 资本率（同资本充足率） Capital treatment 资本处理（如何计算资本，算多少资本） Common stock (equity) 普通股 Coupon 息票 Dated instrument 有期限的工具 Hybrid Tier I 混合一级 Instrument 工具 Jurisdiction 国家、地区 Loss absorption 可吸收损失 Lower Tier II 二级上层 NPL 不良贷款 Permanent capital 长期资本 Perpetual instrument （capital） 永久性工具（资本） Preferred stock 优先股 Senior debt 高级债务 Sound 稳健（的货币政策） SPV 专用目的工具（证券化的用途） Step-up structure 进级结构 Sub debt Subordinated debt 次债 Subordinated bonds 次级债务 Synthetic maturity 提前到期（就是行使 call option 的权利） Systemic risk 系统（连锁反映的）风险 Tax deductible 可减免税的 Tier II capital 二级资本 Upper Tier II 二级下层 Write off 冲销 货币政策操作词汇 由冯京葆整理，2001 年 5 月中国苏州 备付(超额准备)金 exess reserve 背书 endorsement 承兑 acceptance 传导机制 transmission mechanism 代理行 correspondant 定期存款 term deposit/CD 短缺经济 shortage economy 法定准备金 required reserve 防范化解 ward off + mitigate 符号经济 virtual economy 隔夜市场 overnight market 公积金 provident fund 股民保证金 Stock investor provision 回购 repo 汇率灵活的通胀目标 inflation targeting with flexible exchange rate 汇率目标 exchange rate targeting 活期存款 demand or call deposit 货币回笼 take out money 货币局 currency board 货币联盟 montary union 货币目标 monetary targeting 货币投放 issue money 货币投放 inject money 货币总量 Monetary aggregates 基础货币 money base, base money 经常帐户 current account 可传导性 transmitable 可调整的固定或爬行钉住 adjustable fixed or crawling peg 利率市场化 interest rates iberalization 美元化 dollarization 实际经济 real economy 贴现 Discount （商行对企业） 通知市场 call market (one day market) 吞吐货币 money throughput 外汇占款 mirror image of foreign exchange reserve 完全补偿 full remuneration 信贷规模 credit quota 银行同业拆借市场 Inter-bank lending market 再贷款 refinancing 再贴现 Rediscount （央行对商行） 债券市场 bond market 中介目标 intermediate target 转贴现 interbank discount （商行对商行） 准备金 provision 资本帐户 capital account 最终目标 ultimate objective English to Chinese acceptance 承兑 adjustable fixed or crawling peg 可调整的固定或爬行钉住 bond market 债券市场 call market (one day market) 通知市场 capital account 资本帐户 correspondant 代理行 credit quota 信贷规模 currency board 货币局 current account 经常帐户 demand or call deposit 活期存款 Discount （商行对企业） 贴现 dollarization 美元化 endorsement 背书 exchange rate targeting 汇率目标 exess reserve 备付(超额准备)金 full remuneration 完全补偿 inflation targeting with flexible exchange rate 汇率灵活的通胀目标 inject money 货币投放 interbank discount （商行对商行） 转贴现 Inter-bank lending market 银行同业拆借市场 interest rates iberalization 利率市场化 intermediate target 中介目标 issue money 货币投放 mirror image of foreign exchange reserve 外汇占款 Monetary aggregates 货币总量 monetary targeting 货币目标 money base, base money 基础货币 money throughput 吞吐货币 montary union 货币联盟 overnight market 隔夜市场 provident fund 公积金 provision 准备金 real economy 实际经济 Rediscount （央行对商行） 再贴现 refinancing 再贷款 repo 回购 required reserve 法定准备金 shortage economy 短缺经济 Stock investor provision 股民保证金 take out money 货币回笼 term deposit/CD 定期存款 transmission mechanism 传导机制 transmitable 可传导性 ultimate objective 最终目标 virtual economy 符号经济 ward off + mitigate 防范化解 巴西航空公司研讨会词汇 由张炜收集，2001 年 5 月中国三亚 3 abreast configuration 三并联座布局 aileron 副翼 air maneuvers 空中机动动作 airframe components 飞机机体部件 airline capacity 航空运力 alternate 备降场 angel view 全角视野 annunciation 显示 anti-skid braking 防滑刹车 AOA 攻角 AOG support 紧急定货支援 approach 进场 ATC 空中交通管制 average margin 平均裕度 avionics specialist 航空电子专家 baggage compartment 行李舱 baggage suppression 行李抑制 balance 配重 baseline system 基准系统 bleed 引气 bleed air management 引气管理 British Aerospace 英国宇航 C Check C 检 center fuselage 中央机身 CIS 客户综合系统 commonality 通用性 corporate aircraft 公务机 cost of ownership 购置成本 cross section 横截面 customization 客户化 Dash 7 冲锋 7 data acquisition unit 数据采集装置 deliveries 已交付 deplaning 离机 discreet 离散的 dispatch 签派 distribution center 供货中心 DOC 直接运营成本 doors 仓门 electrical & electronic systems 电气和电子系统 elevator 升降舵 EMB 121 Xingu EMB 121 新谷 EMB 312 Tucano EMB 312 巨嘴鸟 Embraer 巴西航空工业公司 empennage 尾翼 enplanements 登机的旅客 e-ticketing 电子出票 fairing 整流罩 fault warning 故障告警 ferry flights 转场飞行 field support 外场支援 filter 滤波器 final assembly 总装 firm orders 确认定单 flap 襟翼 flat panel display 平板显示 flight control surfaces 飞行操纵面 flight director 飞行指引仪 fly-by-wire 电传操纵系统 Fokker 27 福克 27 fuel 燃油 fuel gauging 油量计量 general aircraft familiarization 飞机入门 ground handling 地面工作 GSE 地面支援设备 guidance controller 导引控制器 Gulfstream 湾流 gyro 陀螺 horizontal stabilizer 水平安定面 hub 枢纽机场 hull insurance 机身保险 human centered cockpit 以人为本的驾驶仓 illustrated parts 图解零件 initial 初始 in-service 服务中 instrument system 仪表系统 interline 中转 inventory 保有量 inventory consignment 寄售仓库 IPL 首批定货清单 landing gear 起落架 leading edges 前缘 lessor 租赁公司 load factor 上座率 mainline carrier 干线航空公司 major airline 干线航空公司 material support 航材支援 mechanics 机械师 MLG Doors 主起落架舱门 MTOW 最大起飞重量 nacelles 短舱 narrow body fleet 窄体飞机机队 nose wheel steering 前机轮转弯 oil 滑油 on-site representative 派住现场的代表 operation 运营 options 意向定单 overhaul 大修 overhead bins 头顶行李架 passenger cabin 旅客座舱 pax insurance 旅客保险 pitch 排距 planing 登机 plant area 厂房面积 pneumatics 冷气 powerplant 动力装置 precision machined parts 精密机加部件 preparatory meetings 预备会议 pressurization control 增压控制 primary flight display 主飞行显示器 probe heat 探测器加温 proximity sensing 接近报警 pylon 吊架 rack 安装架 radio altimeter 无线电高度表 radome 雷达罩 range 航程 Raytheon 雷神公司 redeliver 返租 redundancy 裕度 refreshment 复训 regional aircraft 支线飞机 replacement 替换机型 responsiveness 响应性 retractable overhead bins 收放式头顶行李架 retrenchment 精简 roll 横滚 rotables 旋转部件 rudder 方向舵 sale-leaseback 售后回租 sector distance 航段距离 sensor 传感器 Shorts 330/360 肖特 330/360 sideline 跑道侧方 simulator flight 飞机模拟机 sliding door 滑动门 slot 可用机位 spare parts 航材支援 spare parts pool 航材共享库 spare slots 备用槽 spoiler 扰流板 stall warning 失速告警 start-up team 启动小组 support package 支援服务包 symbol generator 符号发生器 tail cone 尾锥 taxi allowance 滑行油量 terrain map 地形图 troubleshooting 排故 turbofan 涡扇 turbulence detection 紊流探测 turn-around-times 周转时间 Twin Otter 双水獭 vertical fin 垂尾 warranty claims 保证期索赔 Weybridge 惠桥 wheel 机轮 windshield heat 风档加温 windshield wiper control 风档雨刷控制 winglet flight test 翼尖小翼试飞 wings 机翼 wiring 布线 yaw damper 偏航阻尼器 Government Terms 职衔职称 立法机关 LEGISLATURE 中华人民共和国主席/副主席 President/Vice President, the People's Republic of China 全国人大委员长/副委员长 Chairman/Vice Chairman, National People's Congress 秘书长 Secretary-General 主任委员 Chairman 委员 Member （地方人大）主任 Chairman, Local People's Congress 人大代表 Deputy to the People's Congress 政府机构 GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION 国务院总理 Premier, State Council 国务委员 State Councilor 秘书长 Secretary-General （国务院各委员会）主任 Minister in Charge of Commission for （国务院各部）部长 Minister 部长助理 Assistant Minister 司长 Director 局长 Director 省长 Governor 常务副省长 Executive Vice Governor 自治区人民政府主席 Chairman, Autonomous Regional People's Government 地区专员 Commissioner, prefecture 香港特别行政区行政长官 Chief Executive, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 市长/副市长 Mayor/Vice Mayor 区长 Chief Executive, District Government 县长 Chief Executive, County Government 乡镇长 Chief Executive, Township Government 秘书长 Secretary-General 办公厅主任 Director, General Office （部委办）主任 Director 处长/副处长 Division Chief/Deputy Division Chief 科长/股长 Section Chief 科员 Clerk/Officer 发言人 Spokesman 顾问 Adviser 参事 Counselor 巡视员 Inspector/Monitor 特派员 Commissioner 外交官衔 DIPLOMATIC RANK 特命全权大使 Ambassador Extraordinary and plenipotentiary 公使 Minister 代办 Charge d'Affaires 临时代办 Charge d'Affaires ad Interim 参赞 Counselor 政务参赞 Political Counselor 商务参赞 Commercial Counselor 经济参赞 Economic Counselor 新闻文化参赞 Press and Cultural Counselor 公使衔参赞 Minister-Counselor 商务专员 Commercial Attaché 经济专员 Economic Attaché 文化专员 Cultural Attaché 商务代表 Trade Representative 一等秘书 First Secretary 武官 Military Attaché 档案秘书 Secretary-Archivist 专员/随员 Attaché 总领事 Consul General 领事 Consul 司法、公证、公安 JUDICIARY,NOTARY AND PUBLIC SECURITY 人民法院院长 President, People's Courts 人民法庭庭长 Chief Judge, People's Tribunals 审判长 Chief Judge 审判员 Judge 书记 Clerk of the Court 法医 Legal Medical Expert 法警 Judicial Policeman 人民检察院检察长 Procurator-General, People's procuratorates 监狱长 Warden 律师 Lawyer 公证员 Notary Public 总警监 Commissioner General 警监 Commissioner 警督 Supervisor 警司 Superintendent 警员 Constable 政党 POLITICAL PARTY 中共中央总书记 General Secretary, the CPC Central Committee 政治局常委 Member, Standing Committee of Political Bureau, the CPC Central Committee 政治局委员 Member, Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee 书记处书记 Member, secretariat of the CPC Central Committee 中央委员 Member, Central Committee 候补委员 Alternate Member …省委/市委书记 Secretary,…Provincial/Municipal Committee of the CPC 党组书记 secretary, Party Leadership Group 社会团体 NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION 会长 President 主席 Chairman 名誉顾问 Honorary Adviser 理事长 President 理事 Trustee/Council Member 总干事 Director-General 总监 Director 工商金融 INDUSTRIAL, COMMERCIAL AND BANKING COMMUNITIES 名誉董事长 Honorary Chairman 董事长 Chairman 执行董事 Executive Director 总裁 President 总经理 General Manager; (Chief Executive Officer) 经理 Manager 财务主管 Controller 公关部经理 PR Manager 营业部经理 Business Manager 销售部经理 Sales Manager 推销员 Salesman 采购员 Purchaser 售货员 Sales Clerk 领班 Captain 经纪人 Broker 高级经济师 Senior Economist 高级会计师 Senior Accountant 注册会计师 Certified Public Accountant 出纳员 Cashier 审计署审计长 Auditor-General, Auditing Administration 审计师 Senior Auditor 审计员 Auditing Clerk 统计师 Statistician 统计员 Statistical Clerk 厂长 factory Managing Director 车间主任 Workshop Manager 工段长 Section Chief 作业班长 Foreman 仓库管理员 Storekeeper 教授级高级工程师 Professor of Engineering 高级工程师 Senior Engineer 技师 Technician 建筑师 Architect 设计师 Designer 机械师 Mechanic 化验员 Chemical Analyst 质检员 Quality Inspector 农业技术人员 PROFESSIONAL OF AGRICULTURE 高级农业师 Senior Agronomist 农业师 Agronomist 助理农业师 Assistant Agronomist 农业技术员 Agricultural Technician 教育科研 EDUCATION AND RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT 中国科学院院长 President, Chinese Academy of Sciences 主席团执行主席 Executive Chairman 科学院院长 President(Academies) 学部主任 Division Chairman 院士 Academician 大学校长 President, University 中学校长 Principal, Secondary School 小学校长 Headmaster, Primary School 学院院长 Dean of College 校董事会董事 Trustee, Board of Trustees 教务主任 Dean of Studies 总务长 Dean of General Affairs 注册主管 Registrar 系主任 Director of Department/Dean of the Faculty 客座教授 Visiting Professor 交换教授 Exchange Professor 名誉教授 Honorary Professor 班主任 Class Adviser 特级教师 Teacher of Special Grade 研究所所长 Director, Research Institute 研究员 Professor 副研究员 Associate Professor 助理研究员 Research Associate 研究实习员 Research Assistant 高级实验师 Senior Experimentalist 实验师 Experimentalist 助理实验师 Assistant Experimentalist 实验员 Laboratory Technician 教授 Professor 副教授 Associate Professor 讲师 Instructor/Lecturer 助教 Assistant 高级讲师 Senior Lecturer 讲师 Lecturer 助理讲师 Assistant Lecturer 教员 Teacher 指导教师 Instructor 医疗卫生 HEALTH AND MEDICAL COMMUNITY 主任医师（讲课） Professor of Medicine 主任医师（医疗） Professor of Treatment 儿科主任医师 Professor of Paediatrics 主治医师 Doctor-in-charge 外科主治医师 Surgeon-in-charge 内科主治医师 Physician-in-charge 眼科主治医师 Oculist-in-charge 妇科主治医师 Gynaecologist-in-charge 牙科主治医师 Dentist-in-charge 医师 Doctor 医士 Assistant Doctor 主任药师 Professor of Pharmacy 主管药师 Pharmacist-in-charge 药师 Pharmacist 药士 Assistant Pharmacist 主任护师 Professor of Nursing 主管护师 Nurse-in-charge 护师 Nurse Practitioner 护士 Nurse 主任技师 Senior Technologist 主管技师 Technologist-in-charge 技师 Technologist 技士 Technician 新闻出版 NEWS MEDIA 总编辑 Editor-in-chief 高级编辑 Full Senior Editor 主任编辑 Associate Senior Editor 编辑 Editor 助理编辑 Assistant Editor 高级记者 Full Senior Reporter 主任记者 Associate Senior Reporter 记者 Reporter 助理记者 Assistant Reporter 编审 Professor of Editorship 编辑 Editor 助理编辑 Assistant Editor 技术编辑 Technical Editor 技术设计员 Technical Designer 校对 Proofreader 翻译 TRANSLATION 译审 Professor of Translation 翻译 Translator/Interpreter 助理翻译 Assistant Translator/Interpreter 广播电视 RADIO AND TELEVISION 电台/电视台台长 Radio/TV Station Controller 播音指导 Director of Announcing 主任播音员 Chief Announcer 播音员 Announcer 电视主持人 TV Presenter 电台节目主持人 Disk Jockey 工艺、美术、电影 ARTS,CRAFTS AND MOVIES 导演 Director 演员 Actor 画师 Painter 指挥 Conductor 编导 Scenarist 录音师 Sound Engineer 舞蹈编剧 Choreographer 美术师 Artist 制片人 Producer 剪辑导演 Montage Director 配音演员 Dubber 摄影师 Cameraman 化装师 Make-up Artist 舞台监督 Stage Manager 最新常用经济术语 国民经济、对外经济贸易 NATIONAL ECONOMY, FOREIGN ECONOMIC RELATIONS AND TRADE 经济指标 economic indicators 社会总产值 total product of society 国民生产总值 GNP (Gross Domestic Product) 国内生产总值 GDP (Gross Domestic Product) 人均国内生产总值 GDP per capita 工农业总产值 gross output value of industry and agriculture 国民收入 national income 购买力平价法 purchasing power parity 财政收入 state revenue 社会商品零售总额 total volume of retail sales 社会零售物价总指数 general retail price index 百分点 percentage points "八五"划划 the 8th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development 计划经济 planned economy 统购统销 state monopoly over purchase and marketing 市场经济 market economy 指令性计划 mandatory plan 指导性计划 guidance plan 市场调节 market regulation 建立市场经济、法制、民主监督和廉 政"三个机制" establish operational mechanisms of market economy, rule by law, democratic supervision and incorruptible government 抓好农业、交通能源、教育科技"三 个基础" stress priorities over agriculture, transportation and energy supply, education and science and technology 实现产业结构、生态环境和人口素质 optimize industrial structure, ecological environment and the quality of "三个优化" population 第一、二、三产业 primary, secondary and tertiary industries 外向型经济 export-oriented economy 创汇型企业 foreign exchange-earning enterprise 劳动密集型 labor intensive 技术、智力、资本密集型 technology, knowledge or capital intensive 高附加值的深加工 down-stream processing with high added-value 优化资源配置 optimize allocation of resources 生产力 productive forces 生产资料 capital goods 科研成果产业化 industrialization of research findings 火炬计划 Torch Plan 技术入股 technology appraised as capital stock 风险投资 venture investment/capital 固定资产投资 investment in fixed assets 折旧费 depreciation cost 关系民生的产品 products vital to the people's livelihood 供大于求 oversupply 供不应求 short supply 经济过热 overheated economy 抑制炒房地产热 stem frenzied and speculative trading in the property market 宏观调控 macro-economic control 经济杠杆 economic levers 产业政策 industrial policy 财政, 税收, 信贷，利率, 汇率 public financing, taxation, credit, interest rate, exchange rate 提高经济效益 enhance economic performance/returns 社会效益 social effect/returns 实现持续、稳定、协调的发展 bring about sustained, stable and coordinated development 财政赤字(盈余 ) budget deficit(surplus) 外贸出口总额 gross foreign export value 外商直接投资协议金额 contracted foreign direct investment 实际利用外资 foreign investment in actual use 三资企业(中外合资合作、外商独资 经营) three kinds of enterprises with foreign investment: sino-foreign joint venture, contractual joint venture 允许外商独资经营 allow full foreign equity operation 优惠条件 confessional terms; favorable terms 减免税收 tax reduction and exemption 合作方式 approaches to cooperation 出资方式 means of contributing investment 合营期限 contract term of a joint venture 三来一补 (来料加工,来件装配,来样 加工) processing and compensation trades(processing with materials or given samples, assembling supplied components) 贸易伙伴 trade partner 转口贸易 transit trade 外贸顺差 foreign trade surplus 积极引进外来资金、技术、人才和管 理经验 actively introduce capital, technology, competent professionals and managerial expertise form outside 交钥匙工程 turn-key project 招标承包制 bidding invitation contract system 招标出售技术 bids for technology 公开招标 call for bid; tenders 招标单 invitation for bid (IFB) 标书 bidding document 竟标 competitive bidding 投标 bid for a project 投标报价书 bid proposals 评标 bid proposal evaluation 开标 bid opening 中标 win a bid; be awarded a tender 拍卖 auction 租赁 leasing 保税区 bonded area; free trade area 实行全方位开放 practice multi-directional opening 统一政策、放开经营、平等竞争、 unified policy, liberalized operation, and equal competition 自负盈亏、工贸结合、推行代理制 responsibility for one's own profits and losses, the integration of industry and foreign trade, and the promotion of agent system 知识产权 intellectual property rights 技术转让 technology transfer 可行性研究 feasibility study 意向书 letter of intent 投资环境 investment environment 跨国公司 transnational coorporation 基础设施 infrastructure 20 年基本实现现代化 basically achieve modernization in 20 years 发挥技术窗口管理窗口和人才窗口 的作用 serve as a medium for introducing advanced technologies, managerial expertise and qualified professionals from outside. 招商 attract investment 招商项目 project proposals for investment 同国际惯例接轨 follow the international codes of practice; bring … in line with the international usage 加大改革力度 intensify reforms 一条龙服务 one package service 一支笔审批 one-chop approval 我们两市的经济互补性很强。 To a great extent, the economies between out two cities are complementary to each other. 平等互利，互通有无 equality and mutual benefit, and trading of needed goods 外引内联 act as an intermediary for introducing foreign capital and establishing domestic connections 保持发展后劲 bring about a sustainable development; sustain momentum of development 经济实力 economic capabilities 龙头 pacemaker; leading role 三通一平（水通、电通、路通、施工 场地平） "three connections and one leveling" assuring that a construction site is connected to water and electric power supplies and roads, and that the ground is leveled before a project is begun. 瓶颈 bottleneck 以工养农 use industrial income to finance agriculture 以路养路 use tolls to repay investment in road projects 下放审批权 delegate the authority to examine and approve to lower levels 统而不死，活而不乱 ensure a flexible control 良性循环 positive cycle 国民经济的支柱 mainstay of the national economy 格局初步形成 Pattern has taken initial shape. 理顺企业的产权关系 rationalize the property rights relationships of enterprises 政策性亏损 policy-related loss 三角债 chain debts 上不封顶，下不保底 set no ceiling limit and give no minimum guarantee 企业“工效挂钩” link total payroll with the performance of an enterprise 生意兴隆/冷淡 Business is booming/sluggish 质量信得过单位 quality trustworthy organization 批量生产 mass production 以销定产 limit production to market ability 内联企业 inland associated enterprises 菜篮子工程 shipping basket project 国产化 percentage of home-made parts 配套改革 coordinated reforms 配套措施 supporting measures 配套工程 auxiliary project 国内配套资金 domestic funds 向基础工业倾斜的政策 policy in favor of basic industry 升级换代 upgrading and updating 看好经济增长 think highly of economic growth 行情看好 Favorable price/market can be expected. 行情看涨/跌 anticipate lower market price/rising price 随行就市 fluctuate in line with market conditions 片面追求发展速度 seek an unduly high growth rate 在过渡时期 in a period of transition 粗放/集约经营 extensive/intensive operation 基础地位 leading position 门类齐全 covering extensive fields 存款/贷款余额 the balance of deposits/loans 外汇储备 foreign exchange reserves 贸易顺差 trade surplus 完善的市场和发达的金融体制 well-established market and sophisticated financial system 消灭失业 wipe out unemployment 降低过热的期货市场，恢复金融秩序 cool down the over-heated future market and restore financial order 紧缩银根 tighten the money supply 一位数水平 one digit level 保持双边贸易的平衡 balance the two-way trade 这次会议为两国进一步加强持续的 经济联系奠定了坚实的基础。 This meeting laid a sound foundation for the two countries to forge enduring/lasting and constant/continuous economic ties. 市场疲软 a market slump 库存积压 overstocked products 国家指令性计划 state mandatory planning 统一定价 unified price setting 国家统配物资 materials allocated by state 货币发放 the issue of currency 规范价格秩序 standardize the price order 简化流通环节，增加随机检查 simplify circulation and add more random checks 市场机制开始发挥调节作用。 The market mechanisms are beginning to play their regulatory role. 由于该暗补为明补，粮食购销同价。Grains are purchased and sold by the same price because covered allowances are turned into open allowance. 导致价格持续增长的一个重要因素 在于物价的逐步放开及价格结构调 整。 An important factor (contributing to/resulting in) substantial price hikes lies in the gradual lifting of prices control and the structural adjustment of prices. 人口生育 常住人口 permanent population 流动人口 floating population 盲流 the unemployed migrant people 劳动力 labor force 外来工 migrant worker 临时工 seasonal worker 人口普查 census 人口基数 population base 人口稠密 densely populated 人口稀少 sparsely populated 人口爆炸 population explosion 人口过剩 overpopulation 出生率 birth rate 死亡率 mortality rate 自然增长率 natural growth rate 人口老化 aging of population 合法婚龄 legal age for marriage 结婚高峰 marriage boom 生育高峰 baby boom period 计划生育 family planning 提倡优生优育,鼓励晚婚晚育 advocate healthy pregnancy and scientific nurture, and encourage late marriage and postponed child-bearing 破除重男轻女习俗 change attitude of viewing sons as better than daughters 多子多福 the more sons, the more blessings 男尊女卑 Man is superior to woman 传宗接代 carry on the family line 养儿防老 bring up sons to support parents in their old age 避孕 contraception 避孕用品 contraceptives 人工流产 abortion 节育 birth control 产妇 lying-in women 婚前检查 premarriage health checkings 孕产妇死亡率 maternal mortality rate 婴儿死亡率 infant mortality rate 节育率（避孕率） contraceptive prevalence rate 总和生育率 total fertility rate(tfr) 平均预期寿命 life expectancy at birth 每年人口增加数 annual increment of the population 人口基数大 large population base 平均年增长数 average annual increase 平均年增长率 average annual growth rate 城市化 urbanization 人口流动 movement of population 流动人口 floating population 人口老龄化 the aging of population 更替水平 population replacement level 社会保障体系 social security system 农村剩余劳力的转移 the transfer of rural surplus labors 正规的学校教育 formal school education 到去年年末，中国人口已达到 11 亿 8 千 5 百万，比上一年净增长 1346 万。 By the end of last year, the Chinese population had reached 1,185 million, a net increase of million from a year ago. 计划生育政策符合中国国情，符合整 个国家的利益。 The family control policy suits China’s basic conditions and serves the interests of the whole nation. 政体改革 根据民主化和法制化的要求,积极推进政治 体制的改革. 1. According to the demand of democratization and legalization, positive efforts have been made to promote the reformation of political system. 社会主义民主政治的核心是人民当家做主, 真正享有法律赋予的各项民主权利. 2. The essence and core of socialist democratic politics is that the people are the masters and they really enjoy various democratic rights endowed by laws. 1979 年，全国人民代表大会修改了选举法, 各级人民代表大会普遍实行了差额选举,代 表正式候选人的名额多于应选名额的 1/3 至 1 倍. 3. In 1979, the Electoral Law was revised on the National People's Congress(NPC). Difference election was adopted in all levels of the Congress. Number of formal candidates is more than those to be elected by a rate of 3:1, or 1 time over. 北京市人民代表大会是北京市的国家权利 机关,每届任期五年。每年人民代表大会期间, 代表要听取和审议市人民政府、市人民法院、 市人民检察院的工作报告;审查和批准北京 市的国民经济和社会发展计划、预算以及执 行情况的报告。代表大会依法选举市人民代 表大会常委委员会的组成人员、市长和副市 长、市人民法院院长和中级人民法院院长、 市人民检察院检察长和市人民检察分院检 察长、绊脚石应选的全国人民代表大会代表。 市人民代表大会常务委员会是市人民代表 大会的常设机构,其主要任务和职能是根据 北京市经济和社会发展的需要制订地方性 4. Beijing People's Congress is the organ of State power of Beijing Municipality. It is elected for a term of 5 years. During annual sessions, deputies are to listen to, and to discuss, work reports of the municipal government, the municipal court of justice and the municipal procuratorate; and to examine and ratify reports on plans about national economy and social development of Beijing Municipality, as well as those on the budgets and states of execution. the Congress elects, according to law, members of the standing committee of the congress, the mayor, vice mayors, directors of the municipal court of justice and the intermediate people's court, chief procurators of the municipal procuratorate and of its branches, and deputies to the national people's congress. The standing committee of the Municipal People's Congress is the 法规,此外,还有依法决定人事任免,加强对法 律法规实施情况的监督检查,审议和办理代 表大会交付的议案,督促办理代表提出的建 议、批评和意见,组织代表参加专题调查、视 察等活动。 standing body of the Congress, and its major task is to draft local laws and regulations according to needs of economic and social developments in Beijing. Other activities the Standing Committee is responsible to include: to decide appointing and removing of administrative personnel according to the provisions of the law; to strengthen the superintending and checking on states of execution; to discuss and put to practice the motions put forward by the Congress; to supervise the handling of suggestions, criticisms and opinions put forward by deputies; and to organize activities of investigations on special subjects and of inspection tours by deputies. 人民政治协商制度进一步发展。中共北京市 委、北京市人民政府就北京改革开放、经济 建设和人民生活的重大问题,同各民主党派 和人民团体负责人、无党派人士定期进行协 商对话,认真采纳他们提出的建议。 The system of political consultations among the people is further developed. Beijing Municipal committee of CPC and Beijing People's Municipal Government consult and open dialogues regularly with leaders of democratic parties and people's organizations, and non-party personages on important questions of the reformation and opening-up, economic constructions and people's lives in Beijing, and good suggestions they put forward have been seriously adopted. 群众组织 mass organizations 居委会 neighborhood committees 保证将国家机关的工作置于社会的监督下 to ensure the works of state organizations be put under social supervision 深入开展反腐败斗争 to deepen the anticorruption campaign 廉正建设 the construction of honest administering 查处违法违纪案件 to investigate and punish the activities violating the law and discipline 执法部门 law-enforcing departments 废除领导干部终身制 The lifelong official system has been abolished. 按照革命化、年轻化、知识化、专业化的要 求,把一大批德才兼备的中青年干部选拔到 各级领导岗位上来。 According to the demands of "Revolutionizing, Juvenizing and Specializing", a large number of young and middle-aged cadres with both ability and political integrity have been promoted to leading posts of various levels. 注重选拔少数民族干部、妇女干部,积极吸收 民主党派人士进入政府各级领导岗位。 Much attention has been paid to select cadres from minority nationalities and from women. Vigorous efforts have been made to absorb personages of democratic parties to leading posts at various levels of governments. 白条 IOU 摆脱许多思想上和体体制上的禁锢 shake off ideological and structural shackles 摆门面 put up an impressive front 百花齐放，百家争鸣 let a hundred fflowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend 百业待举 much remains to be done 拜金主义 money worship 败坏党的名声和社会风气 tarnish the reputation of the Party and degrade social conduct 弊端、矛盾、问题 drawbacks, irregularities and problems 避免经济滑坡 avoid economic downturn 有法必依，执法必严，违法必究 Once a law is put into force, it must be observed and strictly enforced and violators must be brought to justice. 必由之路 the only way leading to 地区壁垒 regional barriers 非关税壁垒 non-tariff barriers 边际生产力较高 higher marginal productive forces 边缘学科 rontier branches of science 编假预算 doctor final reports of revenues and expenditures 编造假帐 falsification of account 变相涨价 raise prices in a disguised form 并重 attach equal importance to 拨乱反正 put wrongs to rights 薄弱工业 bottleneck industries 不合理收费、集资和摊派 impose unreasonable service charges and collect money for countless purposes 不顾条件一哄而起 rush into action in disregard of objective conditions 不够明确的产权 a kind of bague concept of ownership 不良风气 unhealthy ways and customs 不正之风 unhealthy tendency 步子迈得更大一些 take a bolder approach to reform and opening-up 办事拖拉 to be dilatory 保证基本路线和方针的连续性和稳定性 see to it that our basic line, principles and policies are continued and kept stable 本位主义 selfish departmentalism 报请下届人大确认 refer to the next session of the NPC for confirmation 农村经济和农业 乡镇企业 township and village enterprise(TVE) 农业总产值 gross output value of agriculture 完善家庭联产承包责任制 improve the houshold contract responsibility system with remuneration linked to output 承包耕地 contract land 技术承包制 technology contract responsibility 科技兴农 promote agriculture by applying scientific and technological advances 土地使用权有偿转让 compensated transfer of land-use rights 集约经营 intensive farming cultivation 粗放经营 extensive cultivation 开发性农业 develpment-oriented agriculture 继承开发性生产项目的承包经营权 inherit contracts for management of explorative projects 三高农业（高产、高质、高效） high-yield, high-quality and high-return agriculture 贸工农一体化经营 integrated operations of trade, industry and agriculture 家庭副业 family side-line business 离土不离乡 leave the farmland but not one's hometown; shift from farming to other trades within the rural area 粮食专项储备制度 system of storing food grain for unforeseen needs 农田水利基本建设 irrigation and water conservancy projects 水土保持 water and soil conservation 水土流失 water and soil erosion 开发滩涂 develop shoals 经济作物 cash crop 广告用语 广告用语 WORDS AND PHRASES IN ADVERTISEMENT 包君健康 keep you fit all the time 包装新颖美观 fashionable and attractive packages 保证质量 quality and quantity assured 产销历史悠久 have a long history in production and marketing 驰名中外 popular both at home and abroad 穿着舒适轻便 comfortable and easy to wear 工艺精良 sophisticated technologies 规格齐全 a complete range of specifications; complete in specifications 赶超世界先进水平 catch up with and surpass advanced world level 花色繁多 a wide selection of colours and designs 花色新颖品种多样 fashionable styles, rich varieties 货源充足 sufficient supplies; ample supply 久负盛名 with a long standing reputation 交货及时 timely delivery guaranteed 价格公道 reasonable price 技艺精湛 fine craftsmanship 经济耐用 economy and durability 具有中国风味 possess Chinese flavours 居同类产品之首 rank first among similar products 品质优良 excellent in quality 品种齐全 complete range of articles 款式多样 various styles 简政廉政 国家公务员 public servants 简政放权 streamline administration, institute decentralization 权力下放 delegate decision-making power to lower levels 小机构大服务 minimum institution, maximum service 败坏社会风气 degrade social conduct 不正之风 unhealthy tendency 拉关系 seek favor 走后门 seek advantages through pull; back-door dealing 乱收费 unreasonable service; go-as-you-pay 量入为出 pay-as-you-go 乱摊派 arbitrary requisition of donations 一切向钱看 put money above everything else 打白条 give you an IOU 搞形式主义 be done for show 嫖娼、赌博、吸毒、贩毒 prostitution, gambling, drug taking and trafficking 坚持两手抓 grasp the two links at the same time; attach equal importance to both economic development and ideological and cultural advancement 精神文明 ideological, intellectual, moral and civic education; ideological and cultural progress 高度文明 be culturally advanced 继承和发扬优良传统 inherit and carry forward one's fine traditions 集体主义 community spirit; team spirit 凝聚力 cohesiveness 归属感 sense of belonging 扫黄 anti-pornography drive 廉政建设 building of and incorruptible government 反腐败 combat corruption 行贿受贿 offer and accept bribes 贪赃枉法 embezzle public property 加强法制建设 tighten up the legal system 完备的法制 an all-inclucive legal system 规范市场的法律 laws designed t standardize norms for the market 城市建设和管理 城市化 urbanization 合理调整城市布局 reasonable adjustments on urban layouts 拆除危旧房屋 dangerous and old houses are dismantled 住房难,行路难,通讯难 problems of housing, traffic and communication 旧城逐步改建,近郊调整配套,远郊积极 发展 reforming the old city step by step, adjusting and matching installations in the outskirts, and making active development in remote outskirts 成片建设地区 vast stretches of construction area 统一规划 integrated planning 卫星城 satellite city 立交桥 overpass 房地产开发 exploitation of real estate 城市建设和管理的总体规划 the overall plan of urban construction and administration 竣工面积 completed residential areas 配套的公共设施 matched public installations 方便市民生活 provide citizens with conveniences 长期的低租金福利性住房制度 the long-existing low-rent welfare housing system 实现住宅商品化 to realize mercantile residences 建立住房公积金 to set up housing accumulation funds 建立单位、政府两级住房基金 to set up housing accumulation funds on the working unit and government levels 出售公有住宅 to sell publicly-owned residences 集资合作建房 to collect funds for cooperative house-building 逐步提高房租 to raise the rent step by step 公共交通客运量 passengers transported by public traffic vehicles 邮政通讯枢纽工程 newly completed postal corresponding pivot project 普及率 popularizing rate 程控电话网 the network of program-controlled telephone 无线寻呼台 wireless paging station 移动电话 movable telephone 日供水能力 daily supplying capacity 集中供热 central heating 变电站 substation 发电厂 power plant 装机容量 installed capacity 输电线路 transmission line 发电设备 generating equipment 绿色屏障 green screen 义务植树日 voluntary tree-planting day 绿色项链 green necklace 外缘防护林带 outer shelter belt 城市绿化覆盖率 Afforestation coverage in the city 园林城市 garden city 锅炉 boiler 煤气、液化石油气和天然气等清洁燃料 clean fuels such as gas, liquified petroleum gas and natural gas 密闭式垃圾桶,垃圾楼,垃圾袋 hermetic garbage cans, garbage towers and garbage bags 烟尘控制达标区 standardized smoke-and-dust-controlling area 非旅游区 non-tourist area 饮用水源 the source of drinking water 水厂 waterworks 污水处理厂 sewage treatment plant 低噪声小区 low-noise residential area 交际礼节套语 久仰 I've heard so much about you. 好久不见了 Long time no see. 辛苦了 You've had a long 've had a long flight. 尊敬的朋友们 distinguished/Honorable/Respected friends 阁下(多用于称呼大使) Your Excellency 我代表北京市政府欢迎各位朋友访 问北京. On behalf of the Beijing Municipal government, I wish to extend our warm welcome to the friends who have come to visit Beijing. 对您的大力协助，我谨代表北京市政 府表示衷心的感谢。 On behalf of the Beijing Municipal government, I wish to express our heartfelt thanks to you for your gracious assistance. 在北京过得怎么样？ How are you making out in Beijing? 我一定向他转达您的问候和邀请. I'll surely remember you and your invitation to him. 欢迎美商来北京投资. American businessmen are welcome to make investment in Beijing. 欢迎多提宝贵意见. Your valuable advice is most welcome. 不虚此行 It's a rewarding trip. 您的日程很紧,我们的会见是否就到 此为止. As you have a tight schedule, I will not take up more of your time. 请代我问候...先生 please remember me to Mr. 感谢光临 Thank you so much for coming. 欢迎再来 Hope you'll come again. 欢迎以后多来北京 Hope you'll visit Beijing more often. 请留步,不用送了. I will see myself out, please. 多保重 Take care. 祝您一路平安. Have a nice trip. 愿为您效劳。 At your service. 为…举行宴会/宴请 host a dinner/banquet/luncheon in honor of … 欢迎宴会 welcome dinner 便宴 informal dinner 午宴（附有情况介绍或专题演讲等内 容） luncheon 便餐 light meal 工作午餐 working luncheon 自助餐 buffet dinner/luncheon 答谢宴会 return dinner 告别宴会 farewell dinner 庆功宴 glee feast 招待会 reception 庆祝中华人民共和国成立四十五周 年招待会 Reception Celebrating the 45th Anniversary of the Founding of the People's Republic of China 鸡尾酒会 cocktail party 茶话会 tea party 包餐/点餐 table d'hote/a la carte 上菜 serve a courst 您的位置在这里 Here is your seat. 请入席 Please have a seat. 欢聚一堂 enjoy this happy get-together 请随便 Please yourself at home./Please enjoy yourself. 请各位随意用餐 Help yourself please. 您喝点什么？ what would you like to drink? 现在我提议，为了…和…之间的合作， 为了…参议员的健康，干杯！ At this point, I propose a toast: to the cooperation between … and … , to the health of Senator…, cheers! 最后，我借主人的酒，提议为…干杯！Lastly, taking up this glass of fine wine, I propose a toast to … 请各位举杯并同我一起为所有在座 的朋友们的健康干杯！ I'd ask you to raise your glass and join me in a toast ot the health of all our friends present here. 敬您一杯。 Here's to you. 祝你健康 To your health. 我要为此干杯 I'll drink to that! 随量 Whatever you like. 我失陪一会儿 Excuse me for a minute. 菜不好，请多多包涵 Hope you enjoy yourself. 女士们先生们，欢迎各位光临，演出 很快就要开始了，请尽快就坐。 Ladies and gentlemen, good evening. The concert/show would start soon. Please get yourself seated. Thank you. 招待会现在开始。 The reception will now begin. 全体起立，奏国歌。 All rise please. For the Anthem. 出席今天招待会的贵宾有 The distinguished guests paarticipating the reception are 现在请…讲话 I have the honour to call upon… 开幕式现在结束。 This concludes the opening ceremony. 隆重庆祝 grand celebration 庆祝成立…一周年 celebrating the 1st Anniversary of the Establishment of … 热烈祝贺第一届…锦标赛 Hail the first FIFA of … 值此节日之际致以节日的祝贺 On the occasion of the season, I would like to extend season's greetings. 祝您工作顺利、事业成功、身体健康、 家庭幸福！ Wish you the very best of luck in your job, every successin your future endeavours, good health and a happy family! 衷心祝贺您当选… Hearty congratulations on your recent ecletion as … 举行会议/研讨会/大会/座谈会/学术 报告会 hold a meeting/seminar/conference /forum/symposium 赞助人/主办人/承办人/协办人 patron/sponsor/organizer/co-organizer 举行谈判 enter into negotiation 交涉 make representations with sb. on sth./deal with sb. 事物性会谈 talks at working level 对口会谈 counterpart talks 议程项目 items on the agenda 主题 theme 议题 topic for discussion 双方商定的议程 schedule mutually agreed upon 开幕会议 opening session 全体会议 plenary session 开场白 introduction 情况介绍 presentation 小组讨论 panel discussion 同有关单位磋商 hold consultations with the organizations concerned 一轮会谈 one round of talks 决议 resolution 谅解备忘录 memorandum of understanding 现在开会 I declare the meeting open. 请…发言 I invite the representative of …to take the floor. 下面我给各位简要介绍一下北京的 经济情况 Nnow I would like to give you a brief overview of Beijing's economy. 我的介绍完了，谢谢。 That's all for my you. 我先说这么多。 So much for my remarks for now. 我要说的就是这些。 That's all for what I want to say. 您看是先谈原则问题呢，还是先谈具 体问题？ I wonder if you would like to start with matters of principle or specific issues? 让我先谈一个问题。 If you agree,(With your permission)let me start with one issue 在谈那个问题之前我想对您刚才讲 的话谈点看法。 Before we trun to that issue, I wish to make a few comments/remarks on your presentation. 您对此事怎么看呢？ I wish to benefit from your views on this matter./ What is your view on this matter?/ How do you see this matter? 我提议休会十分钟。 I propose a ten-minute break. 我想接着刚才的问题讲下去。 I will pick up where we left off just now. 对不起，我插一句。 Sorry for the interruption but 当然可以。 By all means 怎么都行。 Whatever you say. 我没有异议。 I have no objection 我方对这个问题有异议。 We take exception to this question. 我们高兴地看到 We note with pleasure that 这个日期贵方觉得合适吗？ I wonder if this date wuld be suitable for you? 不知你们上午谈的怎样？ I wonder how the meeting went this morning? 我方很希望贵方能尽早给予肯定的 答复。 We would greatlyl appreciate it if you could give us your favourable and prompt commitment as soonas possible. 请你们务必在 8 月 1 日前提出意向 书。 You are kindly requested to submit the letter of intent on the date no later than 1st August. 纠缠这个问题 entangle this issue 提倡节约 advocate/uphold thriftiness 为了国家的繁荣 for the sake of national property 经受了时间考验的友谊给我留下了 很深的印象。 The time-tested friendship leave me a deep impression. 密切注视 Keep close watch on 促进密切合作 spur/promote intensive cooperation 财税融资 金融保险 BANKING AND INSURANCE BUSINESS 将原来的高度集中的计划金融管理体制改为实行 中央银行体制, 以人民银行为领导，专业银行为主 体，保险公司、信托投资公司、农村信用社、城 市信用社、证券公司等多种金融机构并存和协作 的，多层次、多功能的金融组织体系。 The original highly-concentrated planned banking managing system is transformed into the Central Bank system, that is , establishing a cooperative, multi-levelled and multi-functioned banking organizational system which is bed by the People's Bank of China, operated with specialized banks as the main body and supported by insurance companies, trust investment companies, rural credit cooperatives, city credit cooperatives and stock companies. 信贷资金运行机制 operational mechanism of credit capitals 实贷实存 actual loans and deposits 融通资金 allocate funds （银行、商业、消费、国家、民间）信用 (banking, commercial, consuming, state and non-governmental)credits 商业票据 commercial bills 国家/企业债券 state/enterprises bonds 股票 stocks 大额定期储蓄存单 large amount deposit receipts 全市初步形成了以同业资金拆借市场证券市场和 外汇调剂市场为主内容的金融市场体系。 A banking market system majored by call markets, stock markets and foreign exchange regulating markets is primarily formed in the Municipality. 积极发挥利率的经济杠杆作用。扩大了计息范围 划分了利率种类和档次实行区别利率同时推行浮 动利率。 Giving full play to the economic lever function of interest rates. Spheres of interest-reckoning are expanded. differentiated interest rates are carried out b dividing interest rates into various kinds and levels. Floating interest rates are adopted. 允许外汇额度和现汇进行市场调节，价格随行就 市。 Market regulations of foreign exchange quotas and cash remittances are permitted, and prices are changeable according t changes of the market. 统计结算和信息传递 statistics， account-settling and information transferring 风险责任 risk responsibility 社会保险 social insurance 社会保障 social security 社会福利 social welfare service 失业保险 insurance for the unemployed 退休（养老）金 pensions 生活待遇 material amenities 便民服务 handy service for the public 社会救济对象 people eligible for social relief 社会福利院 social welfare home 财税融资 TAXATION AND FINANCING 财政 revenue and public financing 财政包干 local governments are responsible for their own finance; fiscal contract responsibility system 财税改革 fiscal and tax reform 分税制 system whereby tax revenues are shared by central and local authorities 利税分流 system whereby state-owned enterprises pay tax plus a percentage of profits 累进税率 progressive tax rate 税基 tax base 税种（营业税、所得税、增值税、消费税、流转 税、关税） category of tax(business tax, value added tax 〖VAT〖,consumption tax, turnover tax, tariff) 货币投放 money supply 融资（项目贷款、债券股票融资、集资、游资、 经常性贷款、贷款利率、赠款、担保人） financing(project financing, financing in the form of bonds and stocks, fund raising, idle funds, commercial lending, lending rate, grants, guarantor) 信贷额度 line of credit 买方信贷/卖方信贷 buyer credits/supplier credits 偿还期限 repayment terms 履约保证金 performance guarantee 差额垫支担保 provide shortfall payment guarantee 优惠贷款 soft loan 混合信贷 mixed credits 宽限期 grace period 回流贷款 recycling loan 还本付息 repay principle and pay interest on loans 回收快 gain quick return 回报率 rate or return (ROR) 盈利能力 profitability 规模效益 an economy of scale 信贷规模管理（存款准备金率、中央银行贷款利 率、公开市场业务） control over scale of bank credit (reserve ratio on deposits, central bank's lending rates, open market operations) 最初设立该机构是为了执行反托拉斯法。制订该 项法律的目的在于防止垄断和维护竞争。 The agency was originally established to enforce antitrust laws. These laws are designed to prevent monopoly and maintain competition. 建立保险金制度和物品储备制度以便平衡供求关 系。 The system of risk-proof fund and material reserve are designed to balance the supply and demand. 经过 15 年的努力，中国已经初步完成了价格改革， 截止到 1992 年底，靠市场调节价格的商品已占 93%。 Following 15 years of effort, China has initially completed prices reform. By the end of 1992, commodities subject to market regulation have accounted for 93%. 进一步扩大市场机制的积极作用，以抵消物价上 涨对人民生活水平带来的消极影响。 to further expand the positive role of market mechanism in order to offset the adverse influences of price hikes on the living standard of the people. 采取灵活措施 exercise flexible measures 政府颁布详尽措施打击欺骗性价格和暴利，相关 的执行细则将于 4 月 1 日生效。新规定将起到限 制与保护的双重作用。 The government has enacted sweeping moves/measures against gouging price and staggering/exorbitant/excessive profits,

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