PBPB能源公司能源公司
集中集中CENTRALIZED VS CENTRALIZED VS 分散分散
DECENTRALIZED DECENTRALIZED 能源能源
ENERGYENERGY
1717 thth CONFERENCE ON THE ELECTRICITY SUPPLY INDUSTRY CONFERENCE ON THE ELECTRICITY SUPPLY INDUSTRY
MACAUMACAU
OCTOBER 27-31, 2008OCTOBER 27-31, 2008
PB Power GroupPB Power Group
二零零八年十月
Topics
Centralised Energy Generation Vs. Centralised Energy Generation Vs.
Decentralised Energy GenerationDecentralised Energy Generation
Considerations GeneralConsiderations General
Considerations SpecificConsiderations Specific
Features of Centralised Energy GenerationFeatures of Centralised Energy Generation
Features of Decentralised Energy GenerationFeatures of Decentralised Energy Generation
CHP EconomicsCHP Economics
Consideration of Renewables and NuclearConsideration of Renewables and Nuclear
Comparison of Centralised vs. Decentralised Comparison of Centralised vs. Decentralised
GenerationGeneration
SummarySummary
集中能源集中能源Centralized Energy Generation (CEG)Centralized Energy Generation (CEG)
vs vs
分散能源分散能源Decentralized Energy Generation (DEG)Decentralized Energy Generation (DEG)
Centralized vs. Decentralized Generation:Centralized vs. Decentralized Generation:
CONSCONSIDERATIONS - GENERALIDERATIONS - GENERAL
经济经济EconomicsEconomics
技术技术TechnicalTechnical
互相联络互相联络Interconnection, Interconnection, 系统安全系统安全System System
Security Security
系统操作系统操作System Operator,System Operator,安排程度安排程度Scheduling, Scheduling,
分派分派Dispatch Dispatch
可靠性可靠性Reliability:Reliability:技术与操作技术与操作Technical/Operating Technical/Operating
SystemSystem
法规法规RegulatoryRegulatory
能源政策能源政策Energy PolicyEnergy Policy
排放排放EnvironmentalEnvironmental Emissions: air/water/land Emissions: air/water/land
Centralized vs. Decentralized Generation:Centralized vs. Decentralized Generation:
CCONSIDERATIONS – SPECIFIC FACTORSONSIDERATIONS – SPECIFIC FACTORS
位置位置Location – Location – 单一对倍数单一对倍数 Single vs. MultipleSingle vs. Multiple
分派分派Dispatch – 24x7x52, Dispatch – 24x7x52, 力量，蒸汽，力量，蒸汽，热热水水 Power, Steam, Hot Power, Steam, Hot
water water
资本资本Capital CostCapital Cost – – 数值范围，设备类型数值范围，设备类型 Economies of Scale, Plant Economies of Scale, Plant
type type
系统效率系统效率EfficiencyEfficiency – F Class 55%, – F Class 55%, 蒸汽蒸汽循环循环 Steam Cycle 33%Steam Cycle 33%
燃料供应燃料供应Fuel Availability Fuel Availability
传送传送//分配分配Transmission/Distribution – Transmission/Distribution – 埋置，网埋置，网络络Embedded, Embedded,
NetworksNetworks
可靠性可靠性Reliability – Reliability – 冗余，冗余，单单位位 Redundancy, No. of UnitsRedundancy, No. of Units
科技科技Technology– CCGT/GT/Boiler,Technology– CCGT/GT/Boiler,可更新可更新Renewable,Renewable,核能核能NuclearNuclear
容量容量Capacity – CCGT 750 MW, Engines 1-10 MWCapacity – CCGT 750 MW, Engines 1-10 MW
发电成本发电成本Generation Costs, Generation Costs, 公共价格公共价格Utility Prices: Next slidesUtility Prices: Next slides
往下页
集中能源特点Features of Centralized
Energy Generation
大投资本大投资本Large capital investmentsLarge capital investments
蒸汽蒸汽Steam Plant, Steam Plant, 联合循环联合循环汽轮机汽轮机 CCGT CCGT, , 热电热电共生共生
CHP, CHP, 百百兆瓦特兆瓦特 ’’00 (Hundreds of) Megawatts00 (Hundreds of) Megawatts
电厂远离区城电厂远离区城Plant site usually a long distance Plant site usually a long distance
from built-up areasfrom built-up areas
有效性有效性High availability and High availability and 生产量生产量capacity factorcapacity factor
输配电网输配电网T&D Networks: CEG vs. DEGT&D Networks: CEG vs. DEG
集中集中CENTRALIZED CENTRALIZED 分散分散DECENTRALIZEDDECENTRALIZED
Number of TowersNumber of Towers 当地网当地网Local NetworkLocal Network
TransmissionTransmission 节点节点Nodal Nodal 结构结构ConfigurationConfiguration
& Distribution & Distribution IEC Transmissions &IEC Transmissions &
电塔电塔 2-5 Towers/km2-5 Towers/km 国际电工委员会国际电工委员会Distribution CodesDistribution Codes
电压依赖电压依赖Voltage dependentVoltage dependent
位于近消费者位于近消费者Located near point of consumption Located near point of consumption
资本资本Capital costs higher Capital costs higher 每每perper瓦特瓦特Watt thanWatt than高过高过
于于集中能源集中能源CEGCEG
可再生能源可再生能源 Renewable Energy ProjectsRenewable Energy Projects
风能风能 WindWind
生物能生物能 / / 垃圾发电垃圾发电 Biomass/ WTEBiomass/ WTE
小水电小水电 Small hydroSmall hydro
太阳能太阳能 SolarSolar
特点特点Features ofFeatures of
分散能源分散能源Decentralized Energy Generation (DEG)Decentralized Energy Generation (DEG)
Renewable EnergyRenewable Energy
Centralized vs. Decentralized Generation:Centralized vs. Decentralized Generation:
集中集中对对分散的分散的
热电热电共生共生经济经济CHP ECONOMICSCHP ECONOMICS
WITH WITH DIFFERENT TECHNOLOGY SCHEMESDIFFERENT TECHNOLOGY SCHEMES
与与不同的技术计划不同的技术计划
CHPCHP计划使用计划使用 SCHEMES USING SCHEMES USING
CCGT power equipment CCGT power equipment 联合循环联合循环汽轮机动力汽轮机动力
设备设备
Steam Turbine Steam Turbine 蒸汽机蒸汽机
Boiler Only Boiler Only 仅锅仅锅炉炉
热电共生 CHP Scheme –
联合循环汽轮机 CCGT
热电共生 CHP Scheme –
蒸气涡轮 Steam Turbine
基本经济基本经济Basic Economics Basic Economics
联合循环联合循环汽轮机汽轮机 CCGT CCGT 共生共生Cogen and CCGT Power OnlyCogen and CCGT Power Only
• Calculated based on incremental capital
investment of the CHP.
• The whole CHP advantage is allocated to the
cost of heat production
基本经济基本经济Basic Economics Basic Economics
工业用工业用Industrial Industrial 锅炉锅炉Boiler –Boiler –蒸汽蒸汽Steam Steam 发电发电GenerationGeneration
基本经济基本经济Basic Economics Basic Economics
蒸气涡轮蒸气涡轮 Steam Turbine: CHP and Power OnlySteam Turbine: CHP and Power Only
FactorFactor 热量热量HeatHeat 电量电量PowerPower
联合循环联合循环汽轮机汽轮机
CCGTCCGT
US 3 Cents/kWh thermalUS 3 Cents/kWh thermal
1 USD = about 7 RMB1 USD = about 7 RMB
US 10 Cents/kWh US 10 Cents/kWh
electricelectric
工业用工业用IndustrialIndustrial锅锅
炉炉BoilerBoiler
US Cents/kWh thermalUS Cents/kWh thermal
蒸气涡轮蒸气涡轮 Steam Steam
TurbineTurbine
US 5 Cents/kWh thermalUS 5 Cents/kWh thermal US 15 Cents/kWh
US 15 Cents/kWh
electric electric
基本经济基本经济BASIC ECONOMICSBASIC ECONOMICS
电与热量比较电与热量比较COMPARISON OF ELECTRICITY AND HEATCOMPARISON OF ELECTRICITY AND HEAT
FROM DIFFERENT CYCLESFROM DIFFERENT CYCLES
燃料燃料Fuel prices:Fuel prices:天燃气天燃气natural gas US 35 cents/m3,LPG USD 900/ gas US 35 cents/m3,LPG USD 900/t.石油石油fuel oil USD 450/tfuel oil USD 450/t
Centralized vs. Decentralized Generation:Centralized vs. Decentralized Generation:
CONSIDERATIONS – RENEWABLES, NUCLEAR CONSIDERATIONS – RENEWABLES, NUCLEAR
风风 Wind Wind
太阳太阳能能 SolarSolar
水下风车水下风车 Underwater Turbines Underwater Turbines
核核能能 Nuclear Nuclear
公开咨询公开咨询 Public consultationPublic consultation
地点问题地点问题 Location issuesLocation issues
安全或管理安全或管理 Safety/regulatorySafety/regulatory
废燃料处置废燃料处置 Used fuel disposalUsed fuel disposal
非非热电热电共生共生焦点焦点 Power not CHP focusPower not CHP focus
容量容量Capacity, (. minimum 600 MW for economics)Capacity, (. minimum 600 MW for economics)
RE Resource/CapexRE Resource/Capex 姿源数据姿源数据Resource DataResource Data 备注备注RemarksRemarks
风能风能 WINDWIND
10 RMB/W Capex10 RMB/W Capex
1 USD = about 7 RMB1 USD = about 7 RMB
meters/ meters/sec
46 meter hub height46 meter hub height
更高速更高速Higher speedsHigher speeds
on coast facing on coast facing
面南海面南海South China South China
SeaSea
太阳能太阳能 SOLARSOLAR
75 RMB/Wp Capex75 RMB/Wp Capex 1500 kWh/m2 per year1500 kWh/m2 per year
混合混合太阳能太阳能 Hybrid Hybrid
Solar at Macau Solar at Macau
International AirportInternational Airport
生物能生物能 BIOMASSBIOMASS
7 RMB/W Capex7 RMB/W Capex 城市固体废物焚烧发电厂
城市固体废物焚烧发电厂 MSW MSW
Incineration Power PlantIncineration Power Plant
25 MW gross25 MW gross
可再生能源可再生能源 RENEWABLE ENERGY RENEWABLE ENERGY
调查调查SURVEY IN MACAUSURVEY IN MACAU
FactorFactor CentralizedCentralized DecentralizedDecentralized
相比相比Relative Relative 投投资资
成本成本Investment Investment
Cost per Cost per 每每瓦特瓦特
WattWatt
低低Low to Low to 中等中等MediumMedium 高高HighHigh
排放排放EmissionsEmissions 高
高High if High if 化石油化石油fossil fossil
fuel/coalfuel/coal
低低Low ifLow if再生能源再生能源
renewablerenewable
Degree of Degree of 安排程安排程
度度Scheduling and Scheduling and
DispatchDispatch
HighHigh LowLow
储运损耗储运损耗 Outage Outage
ImpactImpact High
High LowLow
集中与分散集中与分散比较比较COMPARISON OF CENTRALIZED OF CENTRALIZED VS.
DECENTRALIZED ENERGY GENERATIONDECENTRALIZED ENERGY GENERATION
成本比较成本比较COST COMPARISON OF CENTRALIZEDCOST COMPARISON OF CENTRALIZED
VS DECENTRALIZED GENERATION VS DECENTRALIZED GENERATION
Investment Cost of Centralized CHP Supply Investment Cost of Centralized CHP Supply
lower than De-Centralized, Non-CHP Supply lower than De-Centralized, Non-CHP Supply
for Whole City (FIRST BAR VS. FIFTH BAR, WHOLE CITY)for Whole City (FIRST BAR VS. FIFTH BAR, WHOLE CITY)
集中集中热电热电共生共生 投资成本低余分散非投资成本低余分散非热电热电共生共生
二氧化碳二氧化碳CO2 CO2 排放排放EMISSIONS OF CENTRALIZEDEMISSIONS OF CENTRALIZED
VS DECENTRALIZED GENERATIONVS DECENTRALIZED GENERATION
CO2 Emissions lower for Centralized CHP Supply CO2 Emissions lower for Centralized CHP Supply
than De-Centralized, non-CHP Supply for Whole City (natural gas proxy fuel)than De-Centralized, non-CHP Supply for Whole City (natural gas proxy fuel)
(FIRST BAR VS. FIFTH BAR, WHOLE CITY)(FIRST BAR VS. FIFTH BAR, WHOLE CITY)
集中集中热电热电共生共生 的二氧化碳排放低余分散非的二氧化碳排放低余分散非热电热电共生共生((天然气燃料天然气燃料))
总结总结SUMMARYSUMMARY
Centralized vs. Decentralized Generation:Centralized vs. Decentralized Generation:
CONSIDERATIONS OFCONSIDERATIONS OF
经济经济EconomicsEconomics
技术技术TechnicalTechnical
互相联络互相联络Interconnection, Interconnection, 系统安全系统安全System System
Security Security
系统操作系统操作System Operator,System Operator,安排程度安排程度Scheduling, Scheduling, 分分
派派Dispatch Dispatch
可靠性可靠性Reliability:Reliability:技术与操作技术与操作Technical/Operating Technical/Operating
SystemSystem
法规法规RegulatoryRegulatory
能源政策能源政策Energy PolicyEnergy Policy
排放排放EnvironmentalEnvironmental Emissions: air/water/land Emissions: air/water/land
Thank you!
联系联系Contact details:Contact details:
Albert LamAlbert Lam
Regional Manager - North East Asia Regional Manager - North East Asia
PB Power - AsiaPB Power - Asia
77thth Floor, One Kowloon Floor, One Kowloon
1 Wang Yuen Street1 Wang Yuen Street
Kowloon Bay, KowloonKowloon Bay, Kowloon
Hong KongHong Kong
Tel: (852) 2963 7669Tel: (852) 2963 7669
Mobile: (852) 9171 9374Mobile: (852) 9171 9374
Switchboard: (852) 2579 8899 Switchboard: (852) 2579 8899
Fax: (852) 2856 9902Fax: (852) 2856 9902
E: @: @
Eddie TaylorEddie Taylor
Director - GenerationDirector - Generation
PB Power - AsiaPB Power - Asia
300 Beach Road300 Beach Road
#05-00, The Concourse#05-00, The Concourse
Singapore, 199555Singapore, 199555
Tel: (65) 6290 0616Tel: (65) 6290 0616
Mobile: (65) 9172 9660Mobile: (65) 9172 9660
Fax: (65) 6291 1363Fax: (65) 6291 1363
E: taylore@: taylore@
