2008쓪뗚10웚헣ꆡ붭ꆡ짧ꆡ믡ꆡ뿆ꆡ톧2008쓪10퓂,2008ZHEJIANGꆡSOCIALꆡSCIENCESOct.,2008쫐뎡훎샭뷡릹폫훆뛈낲업뒴탂ꇵꆡ뫎듳낲ꆡꆡ쓚죝쳡튪ꆡ쿖듺뺭볃훐뗄웳튵뫍쫐뎡쿠믬뫏뗄쳘헷탔쫂쪵,쪹뺭볃톧볒풽살풽쟷쿲폚붫쫐뎡훎샭뷡릹ퟷ캪튻훖뎤웚웵풼맘쾵살퇐뺿ꆣ뾼달뫪맛뺭볃횮캢맛훆뛈믹뒡뗄쫐뎡훎샭뷡릹,뿉틔퓚훆뛈늻볈뚨뫍훆뛈볈뚨솽훖늻춬뗄럖컶잰쳡쿂햹뾪,쳥훆맬쿂뗄훆뛈낲업뒴탂쫇퓚훆뛈늻볈뚨뗄놳뺰쿂쪵쿖뗄ꆣ놾컄퓚뛔짦벰훆뛈퇐뺿뗄튻킩뺭뗤컄쿗ퟷ돶샭뷢뗄믹뒡짏,첽쳖쇋훆뛈늻볈뚨쳵볾쿂쫐뎡훎샭뷡릹뗄훘쯜폐뿉쓜믡폶떽뗄죴룉컊쳢,붫컒맺뗄훆뛈낲업룅튪뗘뮮럖캪죽룶닣듎,퇐뺿쇋훆뛈췸싧뗄뛠닣듎탔뫍뢴퓓탔쯹튪쟳뗄맘솪컊쳢,늢ퟅ훘럖컶쇋헢킩훆뛈낲업뛔웵풼훆뚩ꆢ횴탐뫍훙닃맽돌뗄튻냣펰쿬ꆣ맘볼듊ꆡ훆뛈낲업ꆡ쫐뎡훎샭뷡릹ꆡ붻틗돉놾ꆡ늻췪좫웵풼ퟷ헟뫎듳낲,헣붭릤짌듳톧뺭볃톧풺풺뎤,뺭볃톧뷌쫚,늩쪿짺떼쪦ꆣ(몼훝ꆡ310018)튻ꆢ믹폚샭싛뫍쿖쪵뗄쇬컲퓲훷헅펦듓훆뛈뗄쓚퓚탔뫍췢퓚탔살퇐뺿훆뛈뛔뺭볃벨킧뗄ퟷ폃믺샭ꆣ늻맽,뺭볃톧볒퇐뺿쫐뎡죋샠첽쯷틔뺭볃퓶뎤캪훷튪쒿뇪뗄웳튵ퟩ횯훎샭뷡릹벰웤훆뛈낲업,춨뎣쫇퓚볙뚨훆뛈볈뚨탎쪽벰웤훎샭뷡릹,쫇폫짨볆ꆢ쪵쪩틔훆뛈낲업캪믲훆뛈늻볈뚨뗄잰쳡짏뷸탐뗄,늢쟒뛔탐캪뻶닟믹놾볜릹뗄뺭볃쳥훆쒣쪽쿠솪쾵뗄;늻춬뗄쫐뎡뗄늻좷뚨탔폨틔룟뛈뗄맘힢(Knight,1992)ꆣ훎샭뷡릹믲웳튵ퟩ횯탎쪽뛔펦폚늻춬쳥훆쒣쪽뗄톡퓱탐캪뗄늻좷뚨탔뻶뚨ퟅ웳튵ꆢ쫐뎡벰웤쫂쪵,쪹뺭볃톧볒뾴떽쇋훆뛈뗄훘튪탔ꆣꋙ믹폚훆훆뛈낲업뗄훘튪탔ꆣ죧맻쫐뎡닎폫헟늻쓜뛔붻틗뛈뛔짧믡뺭볃퓋탐죕틦춹쿖뗄펰쿬,억쮼(North,쇭튻랽뗄닟싔탎돉풤웚,폃탔닺믲뎤웚춶1990)퓸붫훆뛈낲업뮮럖캪헽쪽뫍럇헽쪽솽훖탎뇣탨튪횧뢶뷏룟뗄붻틗돉놾ꆣ뿆쮹(Coase,1937)쪽틔쮵쏷훆뛈뗄맣랺듦퓚,냂뛻즭(Olson,1996)뗄릱쿗퓚폚쏴죱뗘맛달떽틔샭탔뺭볃죋캪볙짨뗄죏캪훆뛈쫇쪵쿖뺭볃뿉돖탸랢햹뗄돵쪼틲쯘,맾탂맅뗤뺭볃톧붫웳튵뫍쫐뎡뛾럖뗄럖컶랽램,뫶튮뿋(Hayek,1973)잿뗷볡돖뺭볃뿉돖탸랢햹샫쫓쇋쿖쪵붻틗폈웤쫇뎤웚춶훐뗄붻틗돉놾뗄맣늻뾪훆뛈뗄샭쓮,웫쒬뛻싼(Zimmermann,2004)랺듦퓚,쯻죏캪튪복짙붻틗돉놾뻍뇘탫붨솢횼퓚-urbaninterfaceaconceptthatment,London.;UnitedNationsHumanSettlementsPro2countsꆱ,DepartmentforInternationalDevelopment,Naturalgramme,2004,Urban-RuralLinkages:anAnnotatedBibli2ResourcesSystemProgramme,94VictoriaStreet,-2004.(UN-HABITAT)νυTacoli,C.,1998,BridgingtheDivide:퓰죎뇠벭ꆡ폡늮쇩,InternationalInstituteforEnvironmentandDevelop213
뫎듳낲:쫐뎡훎샭뷡릹폫훆뛈낲업뒴탂쿞훆룶죋탐캪늻좷뚨탔뗄훆뛈낲업ꆣ췾솮쒷즭쮵쏷춬퇹뗄훆뛈퓚늻춬맺볒믡닺짺늻춬뗄뺭볃벨(Williamson,1985)뫍뾨삳티(Klein,1999)돐뷓쇋킧ꆣꋝ믲탭쫇틲캪헢킩맺볒횻닉좡훆뛈틆횲뛸쎻뿆쮹뗄퇐뺿쮼슷,뛔릫쮾뗄훎샭뷡릹뷸탐쇋짮죫폐훘쫓훆뛈뗄뒴탂,틲뛸쎻폐쪵쿖뺭볃뗄뿉돖탸뗄럖컶,쯻쏇퓚릫쮾뫍쫐뎡뫏뛸캪튻뗄뿲볜쓚싛랢햹ꆣ짏쫀볍컒맺뗄쟩뿶퓚폐킩랽쏦춬뚫얷뗈맺쫶쇋늻춬훆뛈쳵볾쿂뗄붻틗돉놾뫍뎤웚웵풼뗄탎폐샠쯆횮뒦,횱떽2000쓪틔뫳,닅뾪쪼맘힢훆뛈돉ꆣꋚ틔짏샭싛췘뿭쇋퇐뺿쫓폲,뺭볃톧볒퓚볓짮붨짨뛔뺭볃퓶뎤뗄훘튪탔ꆣ샽죧,컒맺쳥훆맬퇐뺿쫐뎡뺺헹뫍헾뢮맜훆뗈컊쳢뗄춬쪱,튲뾪쪼훐쮽폐뮯뗄뷸돌벰웤삩헅,횱떽닺평맺폐늿쏅뛔럇헽쪽훆뛈낲업폫훎샭뷡릹뗄맘솪햹뾪쇋첽쿲쮽죋늿쏅듳솿틆ꆢ훐킡쮽죋웳튵돶쿖쿠떱맦쯷ꆣꋛ쒣쪱,닅틽웰헾뢮뫍샭싛뷧뛔쫐뎡붻틗맦퓲벰웤퓚샭싛짏틽죫탐캪뗄늻좷뚨탔살퇐뺿릫쮾뗄횴탐쫖뛎뗄훘쫓ꆣ훆뛈낲업훍뫳폚쫐뎡뗄쪵볊쫇훎샭뷡릹,탨튪쟸럖훆뛈쫇놻볙뚨돉볈뚨뮹쫇늻튪횧뢶돉놾뗄,뛸뒴탂돶럻뫏맺쟩뗄훆뛈낲업,좴볈뚨뗄솽훖쟩탎ꆣ떱훆뛈놻볙뚨캪볈뚨쪱,퇐뺿튪쫜떽튻맺쳥훆맬훐뗄헾훎ꆢ뺭볃ꆢ컄뮯ꆢ틢쪶쫐뎡훎샭뷡릹뫍쫐뎡춶뗄톡퓱뗈컊쳢,뿉뾼싇탎첬뗈뗄훆풼,늢쟒튪뾼싇떽훆뛈췸싧놾짭뗄뛠틀뻝붻틗돉놾뺭볃톧뫍탂닺좨훆뛈샭싛쯹싛횤뗄닣듎탔뫍뢴퓓탔뗄킭뗷컊쳢ꆣ늻췪좫웵풼샭싛(GrossmanandHart,1986;Hart룄룯뾪럅뛾쪮뛠쓪살,컒맺뗄뺭볃퓶뎤돶쿖andMoore,1990),붫웵풼훆뚩훐뗄쒿뇪뫍쳵뿮틔맽튻킩늨뚯,떫ퟜ쳥퓋탐첬쫆쫇솼뫃뗄ꆣ쳥훆벰횴탐믲뗷헻웵풼ꆢ뷢뻶뻀럗뗄맦퓲뫍쫖뛎뗈ퟷ맬훐뗄뺭볃퓶뎤벰웤랽쪽뗄뇤폐뿉쓜퓚솽훖놳캪뷢뻶쫐뎡훎샭뷡릹컊쳢뗄튻냣뿲볜ꆣꋜ떫죧맻뺰쿂쪵쿖:튻쫇퓚믹놾췪돉쫐뎡맦퓲붨짨뗄잰쳡뾼싇떽훆뛈뇤뚯살뷢컶릫쮾뗄훎샭뷡릹,컊쳢뿉짏,쓜릻퓚훆뛈ꆢ헾닟쳥쾵뗈훷튪랽쏦짨볆돶듳쳥쓜늻믡쓇쎴볲떥ꆣ짏틔램싉맦헂캪횧독뗄쫐뎡훎샭뷡릹;튻쫇룄룯컒맺뗄뺭볃쳥훆맬퓚볓쯙훆뛈뇤뚯쯙싊뗄잰뗄쳥훆뫍뺭볃퓋탐룱뻖폫쫐뎡뺭볃쳥훆폐ퟅ뫜춬쪱,튲퓚삩듳ퟅ훆뛈뇤뚯뗄랶캧ꆣ맘폚헢랽쏦뛠쿠죚횮뒦,뛸쳥훆맬훐뗄훆뛈뫍헾닟짨볆쓜뗄컊쳢,맺쓚톧헟훜웤죊(2000)ꆢ쇖틣럲(1997)ꆢ릻폫쫐뎡뺭볃쳥훆쪵쿖뷏뫃뷏뿬뗄뛔뷓ꆣ컒맺쫴랮룙(2000)ꆢ믆짙낲(1999)뗈,퓸뛔컒맺뗄헾닟폚잰튻훖쟩뿶ꆣ늻맽,잰튻훖놳뺰쿂뗄뺭볃퓶뎤뮷뺳벰웤폫듋쿠맘뗄튻킩헽쪽뫍럇헽쪽훆뛈낲업랽쪽퓚훆뛈뗄훊솿ꆢ뫏ꆢ뒴탂뗈랽쏦춨뎣믡돶쿖뷸탐맽움싛탔퇐뺿ꆣ뿍맛뗘쮵,헢킩ퟅ퇛폚컒맺튻쾵쇐뗄컊쳢ꆣ헢킩컊쳢훁짙짦벰떽죧쿂벸룶랽쪵볊뗄퇐뺿컄쿗뚼믲뛠믲짙뒥벰뫍틾몬ퟅ틔쿂뗄쏦:(1)폐맘쮽폐뮯뗄훆뛈낲업쫇럱쓜퓚닺좨쏷맛뗣:컷랽뗄뺭볃샭싛늢늻췪좫쫊뫏폚쳥훆맬컺뗄믹뒡짏뷢뻶웳튵뗄뺭펪탐캪;(2)뾽놴믲틆뗄훐맺,헕냡쫇튻훖캣쿕ꆣ늻맽,뷡뫏컷랽샭싛뫍횲컷랽뗄램싉맦헂뗄돉킧탔죧뫎,퓵퇹뷡뫏놾맺컒맺쪵볊살짨볆훆뛈믲훆뚨헾닟폫횱뷓퓋폃컷랽뗄쪵볊쟩뿶살에뇰헢튻돉킧탔;(3)붨솢탂뗄쫐샭싛,늢늻쫇튻믘쫂ꆣ뻍컒맺뗄쟩뿶살쮵,틔늻췪뎡훎샭뷡릹,튪늻튪뾼싇뫍퓚뛠듳돌뛈짏뾼싇놾좫웵풼샭싛(쫐뎡붻틗뗄훷튪탎쪽)캪럖컶뿲볜맺뗄싗샭ꆢ쾰쯗뗈컄뮯놳뺰;(4)룷훖헾훎샻틦벯살퇐뺿쫐뎡훎샭뷡릹,컞틉믡룸퇐뺿쳡릩냯훺,컒췅믡퓚쓄킩랽쏦닉좡늻뫏ퟷ,듓뛸펰쿬훆뛈뗄훊쏇뿉틔퓚틀뻝컒맺쪵볊뗄잰쳡짏퓋폃컷랽샭싛뗄솿ꆢ뒴탂뫍뫏ꆣ쿔좻,뛔컒맺쳥훆맬훐쫐뎡훎쒳킩믺샭,듓샭싛짏뷢쫍쫐뎡훎샭뷡릹듓뛸쳡돶샭뷡릹뗄퇐뺿,펦맘힢헢킩컊쳢ꆣ튻킩훆뛈짨볆뗄훷헅ꆣ뺭볃쳥훆맬쪹뗃쫐뎡훎샭뷡릹훐뗄튻킩훆20쫀볍90쓪듺뚫얷뗈맺(냼삨뛭싞쮹)틔뛈낲업뻟폐ꆰ맬탍ꆱ뗄쳘헷ꆣ컒맺뗄쟩뿶뻍쫇닺쮽폐뮯캪훷튪쒿뇪뗄쳥훆룄룯,룸뺭볃톧볒쳡죧듋ꆣ뺡맜컒맺틔램싉맦헂캪틀췐뗄쫐뎡웵풼쳥릩쇋헫뛔웳튵ꆢ쫐뎡벰웤훆뛈낲업펦죧뫎짨볆뻟쾵틔벰쿠뛔펦뗄뺭볃뿲볜틑돵늽붨솢,떫짦벰훆폐램싉맦퓲뫍횴탐쫖뛎뗄퇐뺿뛔쿳ꆣ듓볆뮮뺭볃뛈붨솢뫍횴탐뗄맦퓲ꆢ췸싧벰웤믺훆뮹믡뺭뎣쫜뇤캪쫐뎡뺭볃튪쟳훆뛈랢짺짮뿌뗄뇤룯ꆣ튻킩떽헾훎틲쯘뗄펰쿬;튲뻍쫇쮵,쫐뎡훆뛈뗄붨솢폫뚫얷맺볒틽죫컷랽쿠맘훆뛈쯹돶쿖뗄뺭볃늨뚯,헾훎룄룯횮볤듦퓚ퟅ뷏잿뗄맘솪ꆣ퇐뺿헢훖맘솪14
ꆡ헣붭짧믡뿆톧2008쓪뗚10웚ꆡ폐훺폚췘뿭뫍볓짮뛔컒맺쿖뷗뛎쫐뎡훎샭뷡릹뗄쿂뗄훆뛈뒴탂ꆣ샭뷢ꆣ컷랽뺭볃톧볒쫓튰훐뗄쫐뎡훎샭뷡릹뒴탂쯹뛾ꆢ훆뛈늻볈뚨쿂뗄훎샭뷡릹짦벰뗄훆뛈늻볈뚨,춨뎣쫇헫뛔램싉맦헂ꆢ맦퓲횴뒴탂뗄샭싛럖컶탐쫖뛎뛔붻틗룷랽퓚웵풼훆뚩ꆢ쒿뇪뫍쳵뿮ꆢ횴탐뫍뗷헻ꆢ뷢뻶헹뛋뗈훆뛈랽쏦뗄늻뚨탍뛸퇔뗄ꆣꆡꆡ퓚탂맅뗤뺭볃톧뗄뺫쏀뗄샭싛듳쿃훐,듦퓚탂훆뛈뺭볃톧ꆢ쿜램뺭볃톧뫍릫릲톡퓱샭싛뗈뛔ퟅ튻룶뺭뎣쫜떽럇훷쇷뺭볃톧릥믷뗄죭샟,쓇뻍훷쇷뺭볃톧췪좫웵풼샭싛뗄엺움,훷튪쫇춨맽싛쫇탂맅뗤뺭볃톧퓚퇐뺿뺭볃퓶뎤쪱쎻폐붫훆뛈틲횤붻틗돉놾뗄듦퓚틔쮵쏷쿖쪵훐웵풼뗄늻췪좫살쯘틽죫럖컶뿲볜,헢훖붫훆뛈쫓캪췢짺뇤솿뗄뒦햹뾪뗄ꆣ붻틗돉놾닺짺폚죋쏇쫜폐쿞샭탔훆풼뛸샭랽램쪹훷쇷뺭볃톧쓑틔듓붲첨ퟟ쿲쿖쪵ꆣ퓚탂늻쓜뛔캴살쫂볾횮늻좷뚨탔뗄풤웚,뛸늻좷뚨탔훆뛈뺭볃톧뾴살,훷쇷뺭볃톧폐맘릫쮾ꆢ쫐뎡뫍볛뻶뚨쇋훆뛈뗄뇘튪탔벰웤늻뛏뒴탂ꆣ웵풼쫇쫐뎡룱맘솪뗄샭싛,쫇튻룶떥뒿틔벼쫵틲쯘살럖컶릫훎샭뗄뫋탄헢튻믹놾쫂쪵,틢캶ퟅ웵풼뗄훆뚩ꆢ횴쮾탐캪뫍짺닺뇟뷧뛸쎻폐뾼싇훆뛈틲쯘뗄짺닺몯탐ꆢ뗷헻벰뷢뻶헹뛋뗄맦퓲뫍쫖뛎릹돉쇋쫐뎡훎쫽,쯼뫶싔쇋릫쮾뗄ퟩ횯탎쪽믲훎샭뷡릹ꆣ닺튵샭뷡릹뗄훐탄쓚죝ꆣ엺움ꆰ샭탔뺭볃죋ꆱ랶쪽뗄ퟩ횯샭싛(폈웤쫇붻틗돉놾뺭볃톧)맘폚릫쮾탐뺭볃톧볒벸뫵튻훂죏캪,폐쿞샭탔풼쫸쪹ꆰ쏷좷캪볈좡뻶폚짺닺벼쫵폖훆풼폚웵풼돉놾뗄럖컶,맦뚨쎿튻훖쟩뿶쿂웵풼룷랽펦ퟱ쫘뗄탐캪벰놣횤쫇뇈뷏럻뫏쪵볊뗄튻훖붫릫쮾뫍쫐뎡쫓캪쓚짺엤쯹폐쫕틦뫍돉놾럖엤ꆱ뗄췪좫웵풼쫇늻뿉쓜뗄ꆣ훃뗄퇐뺿ꆣ솪쾵뺭볃뿉돖탸랢햹뾴컊쳢,ퟷ캪캢쫐뎡훎샭뷡릹횮쯹틔튪늻뛏뒴탂,웤짮닣듎뗄샭맛뺭볃믹뒡뗄쫐뎡훎샭뷡릹퓚쿠떱듳뗄돌뛈짏펰싛틀뻝쫇탅쾢늻뛔돆뫍닺폃탔ꆣ쿬ퟅ짧믡뺭볃퓋탐뫍뺭볃퓶뎤ꆣ탅쾢늻뛔돆믡떼훂룶쳥뗄믺믡훷틥탐캪뫍웵뺭볃쳥훆맬놳뺰쿂뗄쫐뎡훎샭쫇튻훖훆뛈풼럧쿕,튪쪹탅쾢뛔돆퓲뇘탫횧뢶붻틗돉놾ꆣ퓚늻볈뚨쳵볾쿂뗄훆뛈낲업ꆣ뻍릫쮾믲쫐뎡훎샭뷡쿖쪵훐,헆컕폅쫆탅쾢뗄튻랽췹췹퓚믺믡훷틥뗄릹뗄훘쯜뛸싛,헢훖훆뛈낲업쓑틔퓚맬웚볤쪵쟽뚯쿂얤쟺믲믑놨탅쾢틔샻폚ퟔ벺퓚웵풼뗄잩뚩쿖평릫쮾뫍쫐뎡뛾럖램뗄훎샭뷡릹쿲솽헟믬뫏횮훐뒦폚폐샻뗘캻,헢훖틔얤쟺믲믑놨탅쾢캪쳘헷훎샭뷡릹뗄뇤ꆣ릫쮾뫍쫐뎡쿠믬뫏뗄훎샭뷡뗄쓦쿲톡퓱탐캪,쪹탅쾢쇓쫆랽퓚좡뗃탅쾢뛔돆릹,뿉틔샭뷢캪쫇퓚럱뚨탂맅뗤뺭볃톧폐맘릫쮾믲헧뇰쓦쿲톡퓱쪱튪횧뢶붻틗돉놾ꆣ듓웵풼뗄첸(웳튵)춬훊탔볙짨뗄믹뒡짏,잿뗷릫쮾뗄쓚늿ퟩ에ꆢ훆뚩떽웵풼뗄쪵쪩,튲뿉쓜틲캪좱랦ퟣ릻뗄탅횯뷡릹폫쫐뎡뗄맘솪,죏캪릫쮾뫍쫐뎡쫇솽훖뿉쾢살움볛웵풼쫇럱릫뗀뫍쏷좷에뛏웵풼쳵뿮쓜럱틔뮥쿠쳦듺뗄훎샭랽쪽,웤믮뚯늻뷶좡뻶폚짺닺뛒쿖,헢뇣믡틽랢뗀뗂럧쿕컊쳢ꆣ헢뻍쫇쮵,탅쾢벼쫵튲좡뻶폚웵풼돉놾,뛸짺닺벼쫵ꆢ웵풼돉놾폫늻뛔돆뇘좻퓬돉웵풼뗄늻췪좫ꆣ춬쪱,떱랢짺웵쫐뎡맘솪뗄엤훃쫇쓚짺뻶뚨뗄ꆣ헽쫇믹폚헢퇹뗄풼뻀럗쪱,램춥튲믡튪쟳쯟쯏헟퓚쯑벯뫍뒦샭ퟷ샭뷢믲뷧뚨,컷랽톧헟뾪쪼첽쯷틔릫쮾탔훊뷧뚨캪훙닃틀뻝뗄탅쾢쪱횧뢶붻틗돉놾,벴램춥뮹늻캪믹놾쓚죝뗄쫐뎡훎샭뷡릹뗄뒴탂ꆣꋞ평폚쫐뎡췪좫뻟폐횧돖잩뚩췪좫웵풼뗄훆뛈릦쓜ꆣ틲듋,훎샭뷡릹쪵훊짏쫇튻훖훆뛈낲업,틲뛸쫐뎡훎샭횻튪듦퓚ퟅ탅쾢늻뛔돆,늻췪좫웵풼뻍쫇튻훖뇘뷡릹뗄뒴탂튲뻍쫇훆뛈낲업뗄뒴탂ꆣ틔쫐뎡훎샭좻,쫐뎡훎샭뷡릹뻍뇘탫늻뛏췪짆뫍늻뛏뒴탂ꆣ뷡릹뒴탂짦벰릫쮾쓚늿ퟩ횯뫍쫐뎡맦퓲뛸퇔,샭릫쮾횮볤뗄쳘쫢붻틗뗄뎤웚춶탎돉닺뗄싛럖컶뗄닠훘뗣늻춬,웤럖컶뷡싛뻍믡폐쯹늻춬ꆣ폃탔ꆣ뺭퇩룦쯟붻틗헟,죧맻늻듦퓚폐풼쫸솦늻맽,컞싛쫇닠훘폚릫쮾쓚늿ퟩ횯뗄훮죧뗈벶붻뗄뎤웚웵풼(죧릲폐닺좨),뻍믡돶쿖튻랽틔훕횹틗뷡릹ꆢ믬뫏웵풼붻틗뷡릹뗄럖컶,뮹쫇닠훘폚쫐헢훖폃탔웵풼살췾킲닎폫랽뗄샕쯷쿖쿳ꆣ죏헦뎡맦퓲뗄늻솬탸쫐뎡붻틗뷡릹뗄퇐뺿,죧맻붫헢럖컶헢훖쟩뿶뗄탎돉맽돌,웤컯훊믹뒡쫇폃춶킩퇐뺿돉맻럅훃폚쳥훆맬뗄놳뺰쿂살뾼달,쫐쪹짐캴탎돉짺닺쓜솦뗄춶돉놾뇤돉돁뗭돉뎡훎샭뷡릹뗄뒴탂퓲뿉틔뾴돉쫇훆뛈늻볈뚨쳵볾놾,웤훆뛈뗄맦뚨퓲쫇웵풼뗄늻췪좫ꆣ늻췪좫웵15
뫎듳낲:쫐뎡훎샭뷡릹폫훆뛈낲업뒴탂풼퓚퓊탭웵풼룷랽뻍컞램풤웚뗄뿉쓜쟩뿶ퟶ돶쇩탐캪;뛸쿞훆붻틗훷쳥뗄뻶닟탐캪뇘탫뾿훆뛈,평믮랴펦뗄춬쪱,튲룸웵풼룷랽늻돐억쒳킩웵풼쳵폚탐캪닟싔믡쯦ퟅ쫐뎡뮷뺳랢짺뇤뮯,틲뛸훆뛈뿮듓뛸돶쿖틔샕쯷캪쳘헷뗄믺믡훷틥탐캪쳡릩쇋낲업튪늻뛏뒴탂ꆣ맘폚훆뛈낲업뗄튻냣탔훊뚨뿉쓜탔ꆣ헫뛔늻췪좫웵풼룸붻틗헟퓬돉뗄붻틗돉틥,뺭볃샭싛쟣쿲폚듓늩?뗄뷇뛈폨틔뷢쫍,떫컞놾,뺭볃톧볒퓸뛔웵풼첸에ꆢ훆뚩ꆢ횴탐뫍훙닃뗈싛쫇붫훆뛈낲업뾴돉뗄늩?뗄맦퓲뮹쫇붫웤샭뷢뷸탐맽맣랺뗄퇐뺿,헢랽쏦뗄퇐뺿컄쿗릹돉쇋웵캪늩?뗄뷡맻ꋟ,훆뛈낲업춨뎣평맦퓲뫍횴탐솽풼뺭볃톧뗄뫋탄쓚죝ꆣ죎뫎웳춼췪짆늻췪좫웵풼늿럖릹돉ꆣ훆뛈늻볈뚨틢캶ퟅ맦퓲뫍횴탐맦퓲뗄뗄뺭볃샭싛럖컶,뚼쫇솦춼룄뇤쫐뎡훎샭뷡릹뗄쫖뛎뗄늻볈뚨,뛸헢킩늻볈뚨늻뿉뇜쏢뗘뻶뚨ퟅ퇐뺿,뛸쪵볹훐짦벰맦랶릫쮾붻틗탐캪뗄맦퓲벰쫐뎡훎샭뷡릹뗄늻볈뚨ꆣ웤횴탐쫖뛎뗄뇤뮯,퓲뇭쏷쫐뎡훎샭뷡릹뗄뒴탂,틔웵풼듓뛸틔쫐뎡훎샭뷡릹뗄퇐뺿뛸싛,탂쿔좻,헢훖뒴탂쫇퓚훆뛈늻볈뚨쳵볾쿂뷸탐뗄ꆣ훆뛈뺭볃톧뛔탂맅뗤뺭볃톧붫릫쮾(뎧짌)쫓캪췪짆쫐뎡훎샭뷡릹헢튻쒿뇪쿂뗄훆뛈낲업뒴평벼쫵뻶뚨뗄짺닺몯쫽뛸늻짦벰ퟩ횯뗈샭싛볻뷢탂,훷튪냼삨훆뛈뗄맦퓲벰웤횴탐쫖뛎헢솽랽쏦뗄엺움,퓚쿠떱듳뗄돌뛈짏쫇틔풽살풽웕뇩뗄틔뗄쓚죝ꆣ탂훆뛈뺭볃톧잿뗷붻틗돉놾뗄뻟쳥쳘믬뫏웵풼붻틗캪뇪횾뗄쫐뎡훎샭뷡릹캪놳뺰뗄ꆣ헷ꆢ탔훊뫍맦쒣뛔훆뛈낲업뗄펰쿬틔벰훆뛈뻶뚨믬뫏웵풼붻틗쫇뷩폚쫐뎡붻틗뫍뗈벶붻틗횮볤뗄붻틗돉놾뗄랽쪽(Masten,1999),떫평폚늻뛏뒴탂튻훖훎샭랽쪽ꆣ쿠뛔폚쫐뎡붻틗뫍뗈벶붻틗,믬뗄훆뛈늢늻쓜쿱뺭볃톧볒쯹풤웚뗄쓇퇹룟킧싊뗘뫏웵풼붻틗헢튻쫐뎡훎샭뷡릹뗄뒴탂,퓚폚복죵뷢뻶쫐뎡훎샭뷡릹쯹듦퓚뗄컊쳢,튻킩뺭볃톧볒쇋헢솽훖붻틗캪듺샭죋쳡릩쿠떱듳뗄ퟔ훷좨뫍쇩뇣쿲뛔훆뛈훊솿뗄쳖싛ꆣ샽죧,억쮼(North,믮탔쯹탎돉뗄믺믡훷틥ꆣ샽죧,쫐뎡붻틗횮폚1990,1994)퓚퇐뺿잷랢듯맺볒뗄뗍뺭볃벨킧뫍늻닺폃탔춶쯹닺짺뗄늻솬탸웵풼,죝틗떼훂뻟춬맺볒뗄닆뢻닮틬뗄탎돉쪱,퓸죏캪훆뛈훊솿쫇폐햽싔탔폅쫆뗄튻랽쳡좡평햽싔탔쇓쫆튻랽퓚싄떼훂헢훖뻖쏦닺짺뗄훷튪풭틲ꆣ캧죆훆뛈훊솿뗄탐닺폃탔춶웵풼쪱뗄탅쾢ퟢ뷰믲햼폐웤ힼ럖컶뫍퇐뺿,튲폐뺭볃톧볒춨맽붫훆뛈뮮럖캪늻ퟢ뷰;뛸믬뫏웵풼붻틗뿉틔춨맽뢴퓓뗄뎤웚웵풼ꆢ춬샠탍살뷢쮵죧뫎뛔쫐뎡훎샭뷡릹뗄훆뛈낲업뷸쳘탭좨뺭펪ꆢ솪펪낲업뗈럀랶퓚닺폃탔춶탐뒴탂(Zimmermann,2004)ꆣ떫평폚뒴탂쫐뎡훎훐돶쿖뗄샕쯷쿖쿳ꆣ퓙샽죧,퓚닺좨뫍뿘훆좨벯샭뷡릹뗄훆뛈낲업춨뎣믡퓚튻뚨돌뛈뫍랶캧쓚짦훐뗄튻쳥뮯릫쮾훐,뺡맜틔뫏늢캪쳘헷뗄뗈벶붻떽헾훎훆뛈낲업,뛸튪뷢뻶헾훎훆뛈낲업벰웤폫틗뛔놣뮤닺폃탔춶쳡릩쇋쒳킩폐킧믺훆,훎샭뷡릹뗄킭뗷컊쳢,탨튪횧뢶헾훎붻틗돉놾,헾떫평폚쯼짡웺쇋쫐뎡붻틗뗄벤샸틲쯘,틲뛸쯼늻훎붻틗돉놾쫇룄뇤훆뛈낲업쯹뇘탫횧뢶뗄돉놾,쓜풼쫸룟벶맜샭죋풱햼폐튵벨ퟢ뷰뗈믺믡훷틥탐쯼늻뷶믡쿞훆헾훎룄룯튲믡뛔쫐뎡훎샭뷡릹뗄뒴캪;뛸믬뫏웵풼낲업퓲폐뿉쓜쪵쿖뗈벶훆뛈폅쫆ꆢ탂랢짺펰쿬(Williamson,1996;Dixit,1996)ꆣ틲뇜쏢웤쇓쫆뗄벤샸랽쪽,듓뛸럀랶웵풼쪵쪩훐뗄듋,췪짆쫐뎡훎샭뷡릹헢튻쒿뇪쿂뗄훆뛈낲업뒴믺믡훷틥탐캪ꆣ탂,놻뺭볃톧볒쏇죏캪쫇튻쿮쾵춳릤돌ꆣ떫쫇,믬뫏웵풼붻틗폫웤쯻탎쪽뗄웵풼튻퇹,뛔폚헢쿮쾵춳릤돌뗄짮죫퇐뺿,탂훆뛈뺭볃쯼횻쓜쿞훆늢늻쓜쿻돽믺믡훷틥탐캪ꆣ틲뛸쯹폐톧릦늻뿉쎻ꆣ듓헜톧뗄틢뺳살뾼달훆뛈낲업,탂랢듯맺볒뗄쫐뎡훎샭뷡릹죔좻뒦폚늻뛏뗷헻뗄뒴훆뛈뺭볃톧폐맘쫐뎡훎샭뷡릹횮훆뛈낲업뒴탂뗄탂맽돌훐ꆣ틀뻝훆뛈낲업쫇늩?횮맦퓲뗄쮼쿫,뇘튪탔싛쫶,붨솢폚틔쿂쿖쪵뗄싟벭췆싛:솽룶틔쿖듺뺭볃톧쟣쿲폚붫훆뛈낲업샭뷢캪죋쏇탐캪랽짏훷쳥뗄닟싔늻좷뚨탔뗄듦퓚,횻튪쒳튻훷쳥뛔쪽뮥뚯훐쯹릲쪶뗄맦퓲,틔벰캬뮤헢킩맦퓲뗄횴쇭튻붻틗훷쳥뗄뻶닟늻쓜탎돉풤웚,웵풼뇣췹췹탐믺훆뫍뛔캥랴헢킩맦퓲뗄돍랣믺훆ꆣ퇘ퟅ헢퇹뻟폐뛌웚탔늢ퟌ짺믺믡훷틥탐캪;죧맻쓜춨맽쿞뗄럖컶쮼슷살뷢쮵쫐뎡훎샭뷡릹폫훆뛈낲업뒴훆붻틗훷쳥뗄뻶닟탐캪살복짙늻좷뚨탔,웵풼뻍탂,샭싛뫍쿖쪵뚼튪쟳컒쏇뛔평램싉ꆢ맦헂캪훷쳥폐뿉쓜뻟폐뎤웚탔늢퓚튻뚨돌뛈짏복죵믺믡훷틥뗄헾뢮훆뛈낲업틔벰뛔떥뒿평쫐뎡틲쯘뻶뚨뗄훆16
ꆡ헣붭짧믡뿆톧2008쓪뗚10웚ꆡ뛈낲업ퟷ돶쒳킩뇈뷏럖컶ꆣ솪쾵컒맺뗄쫐뎡훎샭컶뫍퇐뺿,퓸듓늻춬뷇뛈뫍닣쏦뷸탐맽쳖싛,듓쮼뷡릹뗄쪵볊살뾴컊쳢,폫듋쿠맘뗄훆뛈낲업뒴탂쿫뗄샭싛풨풴살뾴,헢킩쳖싛뿉틔ힷ쯝떽억쮼듦퓚ퟅ뫜뛠횵뗃첽쳖뗄쓚죝ꆣ(North,1990)폐맘틔슷뺶틀삵뷢쫍훆뛈뇤잨뗄싛죽ꆢ뛔컒맺쫐뎡훎샭뷡릹횮쫶ꆣ좻퓲,억쮼뗄럖컶쫇틔컷랽뺭볃캪놳뺰뗄,쯻훆뛈낲업뒴탂뗄샭싛뷢쮵쯹닻쫶뗄샭싛늢늻쓜췪좫쫊뫏컒맺뗄훆뛈뮷뺳ꆣ틲듋,럖컶컒맺쫐뎡훎샭뷡릹폫훆뛈낲업뒴탂뗄ꆡꆡ퓚쿖쪵훐,뛔뺭볃퓋탐뫍뺭볃랢햹좱랦킧싊쿖쪵,뇘탫뛔컒맺뗄훆뛈뮷뺳햹뾪럖컶ꆣ뗄훆뛈낲업폐뿉쓜놻뒴탂,떫튲폐뿉쓜놻볌탸놣듓훆뛈뮷뺳횮폚쫐뎡훎샭뷡릹뗄훆뛈낲업뒴쇴쿂좥ꆣ첽쳖훆뛈늻볈뚨쳵볾쿂쫐뎡훎샭뷡릹뗄탂살쮵,컒맺쿖뷗뛎뗄훆뛈뮷뺳쏷쿔뻟폐쫜쳥훆뒴탂,튻쫇튪뾼싇떽뛔뎧짌뺭볃믮뚯랢짺펰쿬뗄맬펰쿬뗄쳘헷ꆣ룅삨뛸퇔,놣돖릫폐훆퓚짧믡믹놾헾훎ꆢ램싉뫍짧믡폎쾷맦퓲뗄훆뛈뮷뺳,훆뛈뺭볃훐햼폐튻뚨뇈훘뗄믹놾헾훎풼쫸,튪쟳램싉뮷뺳펰쿬ퟅ쫐뎡훎샭뷡릹뗄톡퓱벰웤뇈뷏킧싊;뫍맦헂퓚뮮뚨쫐뎡훎샭뷡릹뗄훆뛈낲업뗄뇟뷧튻쫇튪쓜릻릹붨튻킩쪶뇰ힼ퓲뛔훆뛈낲업뒴탂ퟷ쪱,뇘탫놣뮤릫폐닺좨뺡뿉쓜쏢퓢쫐뎡뺺헹뗄쟖돶쪵횤탔움볛,틔뷢쫍훆뛈낲업뒴탂뛔쫐뎡훎샭랸;떫평폚쮽펪ꆢ훐췢뫏뗈럇릫폐훆웳튵쫽솿뗄뷡릹듓뛸뛔웵풼훆뚩ꆢ뗷헻뫍횴탐뗄ퟷ폃솦ꆣ뻍늻뛏짏짽,뛔쫐뎡훎샭뷡릹뗄짨볆튪쟳뇘탫쫊펦컒맺뗄쟩뿶뛸싛,헢샯뗄쳖싛훁짙믡엶떽틔쿂벸쫐뎡믺훆뗄탨튪,벴맦랶웵풼뗄훆뚩ꆢ뗷헻ꆢ횴탐룶랽쏦뗄컊쳢:(1)벴뇣컒쏇늻쳖싛뻟쳥탎쪽뗄벰캥풼돍랣뗄훆뛈낲업뇘탫놣헏럇릫폐훆뎧짌뗄훆뛈낲업,떫폐뇘튪뛔좱랦킧싊뗄훆뛈낲업놻볌닺좨뫍웵풼좨샻,틔복짙붻틗믲쎳틗훐뗄늻좷뚨탸놣쇴쿂좥뗄풭틲폨틔쮵쏷;(2)춨맽뛔컒맺쿖탔ꆣ뫜쏷쿔,컒맺쳥훆맬훐램싉뫍맦헂뗄헢훖뷗뛎훆뛈뮷뺳뗄샭뷢,뛔믹놾뗄헾훎ꆢ램싉뫍짧믡뛾풪뷡릹횸쿲,뻶뚨쇋틔램싉뫍맦헂캪뫋탄뗄쫐폎쾷맦퓲뷸탐럖컶;(3)뛔훆뛈낲업뗄훷튪샠탍뎡훎샭뷡릹뗄훆뛈낲업벰웤뒴탂뗄뛾풪룱뻖ꆣ춬ퟷ돶쟸럖,퓚룅튪쮵쏷늻춬샠탍훆뛈낲업뗄쿠뮥쪱,쳥훆맬짐캴쪵쿖죃짧믡뗄맟샽ꆢ쾰쯗ꆢ싗샭맘쾵뗄믹뒡짏,춨맽움쮵훆뛈췸싧뗄뛠닣듎탔뫍맦퓲뗈럇헽쪽훆뛈낲업쿲쫐뎡훈탲쯹튪쟳뗄샭쓮뢴퓓탔벰웤킭뗷,틔쮵쏷웤뛔쫐뎡훎샭뷡릹뗄펰뗄뇤,틲뛸럇헽쪽훆뛈낲업늢늻횧돖틔웵풼캪쿬;(4)럖컶컒맺쒿잰뗄훆뛈낲업뒴탂횮폚쫐뎡훐탄뗄쫐뎡훎샭뷡릹뗄뒴탂ꆣ헢훖룅삨탔뗄샭훎샭뷡릹뮹듦퓚ퟅ쓄킩횵뗃맘힢뗄쫨슩ꆣ뷢,퓚뷢쮵쫐뎡훎샭뷡릹뛔짧믡뺭볃벨킧뗄펰쿬컒맺뗄뺭볃쳥훆룄룯룸훆뛈낲업뒴탂쯹뿲뚨믲뻶뚨쪱,짦벰뛔훆뛈훊솿뗄움볛,뛸뛔훆뛈훊솿뗄슷뺶틀삵,쫇퓚놣듦튻뚨뇈샽뗄헾뢮룉풤믹뒡뗄움볛퓲짦벰펰쿬믲뻶뚨쫐뎡훎샭뷡릹뗄늻춬훆짏뗄쫐뎡뮯;튲뻍쫇쮵,쳥훆맬뻶뚨ퟅ폐킧싊뗄뛈낲업횮볤뗄쿠뮥맘쾵뗄럖컶ꆣ훆뛈낲업뒴탂믡쫜떽튻뚨뗄쿞훆ꆣ떱헾뢮룉풤폫억쮹(North)퓸붫훆뛈뮮럖캪헽쪽훆뛈낲업쫐뎡뗷뷚랢짺엶ힲꆢ듓뛸쪹죋쏇죏쪶떽쒳킩훆뛈뫍럇헽쪽훆뛈낲업,헢훖뮮럖뛔폚뷢쮵훆뛈뇤잨낲업좱랦킧싊쪱,평폚쿖뷗뛎튻킩놻쫓캪좱랦킧컞틉쫇폐냯훺뗄;떫떱컒쏇뛔펰쿬믲뻶뚨쫐뎡훎싊뗄훆뛈낲업뫜뿉쓜쫇잰웚뗄훆뛈뒴탂,틲뛸쯼샭뷡릹뗄훆뛈훊솿ퟷ돶움볛쪱,뷶뷶뻖쿞폚헢퇹쏇믲뛠믲짙뮹듦퓚ퟅ튻뚨뗄볛횵,믡뗃떽튻킩샻뗄뮮럖퓲쓑틔뛔펰쿬믲뻶뚨쫐뎡훎샭뷡릹뗄훆뛈틦벯췅ꆢ헾뢮믺릹틔벰웤쯻짧믡ퟩ횯뗈뗄횧돖,헢훊솿뷸탐짮죫뗄럖컶ꆣ내헕억쮹뗄뮮럖,헽쪽훆뻍죝틗쪹훆뛈낲업뗄뷸튻늽뒴탂쫜떽ퟨ낭ꆣ듓뺭뛈낲업뗄랶캧냼삨램쇮ꆢ맦헂뫍쮽죋ퟩ횯횴탐맦볃럖컶뗄샭싛닣쏦짏살샭뷢,쳥훆맬뫍벼쫵뷸퓲뗈,럇헽쪽훆뛈낲업퓲춨뎣쫇횸짧믡뗄맟샽ꆢ쾰늽쯹틽훂뗄쿖폐튪쯘뗄훘탂ퟩ뫏,믡늻뛏쪩볓훆쯗ꆢ싗샭맦퓲뗈ꆣ죧맻컒쏇붫헾뢮뗄램쇮ꆢ맦헂뗈뛈낲업뒴탂뇘탫쫊펦훆뛈뮷뺳뗄톹솦,뛸훆뛈뮷샭뷢캪훆뛈낲업ꋱ,붫쮽죋ퟩ횯횴탐맦퓲뗈샭뷢뺳퓚쿠떱뎤뗄쪱웚쓚쫇컈뚨뗄,틲뛸탐헾뫍쫐뎡캪훆뛈낲업ꋲ,붫맟샽ꆢ쾰쯗ꆢ싗샭맦퓲뗈샭뷢캪쒦닁쯹닺짺뗄좱랦킧싊뗄훆뛈낲업뻍믡뇤뗃룼볓훆뛈낲업ꋳ,쓇쎴,훆뛈낲업ꋱꆢꋲꆢꋳ뛔쫐뎡훎샭룕탔뫍룼볓늻쇩믮ꆣ맺쓚톧헟맘폚헢킩컊쳢뗄럖뷡릹뗄훆뛈뒴탂뗄ퟷ폃잿뛈쫇늻춬뗄ꆣ쇭튻랽17
뫎듳낲:쫐뎡훎샭뷡릹폫훆뛈낲업뒴탂쏦,훆뛈낲업ꋱꆢꋲꆢꋳ횮볤뗄쿠뮥맘쾵튲퓚뫜듳뮯뗄캢맛훆뛈믹뒡,뛸훆뛈ꋱ퓲쫇쫐뎡훎샭뷡릹돌뛈짏펰쿬ퟅ쫐뎡훎샭뷡릹뗄훆뛈뒴탂ꆣ탎돉뫍뇤뮯뗄뫪맛훆뛈믹뒡ꆣ훆뛈쫇늻쫇좱랦킧퓚돉쫬뗄쫐뎡뺭볃쳥훆훐,튻냣죏캪훆뛈낲싊뫍훊솿뗍쿂,좡뻶폚훆뛈ꋱꆢꋲꆢꋳ횮볤뗄췸싧업ꋲꆢꋳ튪뇈훆뛈낲업ꋱ뻟폐컈뚨탔,떫훆뛈낲업릹돉벰웤믺훆ퟷ폃ꆣ뻟쳥뗘쮵,튪좡뻶폚훆뛈ꋱꆢꋱ뗄뿉횴탐쓜솦좡뻶폚웤뛔훆뛈낲업ꋲꆢꋳ뗄볦ꋲꆢꋳ쫇뒦폚뮥늹ힴ첬뮹쫇뒦폚돥춻ힴ첬ꆣ떱쯼죝탔(Denzau,North,1994)ꆣ틔컒맺뗄쟩뿶살쮵,쏇뒦폚뮥늹ힴ첬쪱,훆뛈ꋱꆢꋲꆢꋳ믡틔춬퇹믲쿠ꋱꆢꋲꆢꋳ릹돉뗄훆뛈췸싧뗄뛠닣듎탔뫍뢴퓓탔듦쯆뗄랽쪽쿞훆믲맦랶릫쮾뗄붻틗탐캪,죧쫇,쫐뎡퓚ퟅ쳥훆맬쯹튪쟳뗄킭뗷컊쳢ꆣ맘폚헢튻킭뗷훎샭뷡릹뗄룟훊솿뫍룟킧싊뗄훆뛈뒴탂뇣듦퓚ퟅ컊쳢,뺭볃샭싛춨뎣쫇욫뫃폚퓋폃붻틗돉놾랶돫뿉쓜;랴횮,떱쯼쏇뒦폚돥춻ힴ첬쪱,벴훆뛈ꋱꆢ뷸탐퇐뺿뗄ꆣ쿱웤쯻맺볒튻퇹,컒맺폐맘훆뛈낲ꋲꆢꋳ틔췪좫늻춬뗄랽쪽쿞훆믲맦랶릫쮾뗄붻틗업ꋱ뗄짨볆뫍횴탐,쪵볊짏쫇붫훆뛈샭뷢캪늩?탐캪쪱,ퟱ쫘훆뛈ꋱ퓲틢캶ퟅ웆뮵훆뛈ꋲ뫍훆뛈뗄맦퓲;떫듓헢훖맦퓲살짨볆훆뛈낲업늻쓜뻖쿞ꋳ,랴횮틠좻;틲뛸쫐뎡훎샭뷡릹뗄룟훊솿뫍룟킧폚램쇮맦헂뗈짨볆뗄틗닙ퟷ탔,쯼탨튪뾼싇훆뛈싊뗄훆뛈뒴탂뇣늻뿉쓜쇋ꆣ듓붻틗돉놾뗄쮼쿫살ꋱ뛔릫쮾쫐뎡붻틗탐캪뗄펰쿬(죧룷훖짌욷쎳룅삨틔짏쟩뺰,뻍쫇떱쯼쏇뒦폚뮥늹ힴ첬쪱,헾뢮틗ꆢ뛠훖횧뢶랽쪽뗈ꋠ),튪뾼싇떽훆뛈ꋱ폫훆뛈훆뛈횴탐뗄킭뗷돉놾뻍믡복짙;떱쯼쏇뒦폚돥춻ꋲꆢꋳ뗄췸싧릹돉벰웤믺훆ퟷ폃ꆣ듓쪵볊살뾴,붻ힴ첬쪱,헾뢮훆뛈횴탐뗄킭뗷돉놾뻍믡퓶볓ꆣ뛔틗훷쳥횮볤뗄뮥뚯탐캪쫇쫐뎡훎샭뷡릹벰웤뒴탂헢킩컊쳢쯹짦벰뗄쫐뎡훎샭뷡릹뗄훆뛈낲업뒴탂뗄쿖쪵틀뻝,튲뻍쫇쮵,훆뛈ꋱ뗄짨볆뇘탫뾼싇떽뗄샭싛첽쳖,뮹탨튪뛔쳥쿖릫쮾붻틗탐캪뗄웵풼쿖쪵훐뗄훆뛈낲업퓚뫜듳돌뛈짏튲쫇늩?뗄뷡맻뗄튻냣탔햹뾪쳖싛ꆣ헢튻쫂쪵ꆣ뺡맜헢튻짦벰쿖쪵뗄샭싛컊쳢뫜뢴맦뚨뫍뢳폨훆뛈뒴탂뇘탫틔룟킧싊뫍룟훊솿퓓,떫컒쏇뿉틔춨맽뛔컒맺쫐뎡훎샭뷡릹벰웤뒴뗄뺭볃벨킧ퟷ캪뫢솿뇪ힼ,벸뫵쫇쯹폐뗄뺭볃톧탂쫜훆뛈낲업펰쿬뗄쒳킩쟩뿶폨틔쮵쏷ꆣ볒퓞돉믲쒬죏뗄ꆣ뛔폚맬뺭볃훐뗄쫐뎡훎샭뷡컒맺뺭볃뷧욫훘폚훆뛈낲업쫇쳥훆맬쿈뻶릹쫇럱돶쿖폅뮯뗄뷢쫍,돽쇋틔짏늻춬샠뇰뗄훆쳵볾뗄퇐뺿,뛸쎻폐헦헽붫훆뛈뗄붨솢떱돉죎컱뛈맘솪췢,뮹짦벰닢솿뫍움볛훆뛈뗄쒳킩횸뇪뛸살뾴듽ꆣ믲탭쫇쫜헢훖샭싛퇐뺿쟣쿲뗄펰쿬,헾럸짤폚쫐뎡훎샭뗄튻킩샭싛뫍쪵볊ꆣ퓚헢랽쏦,뢮퓚짨볆훆뛈ꋱ쪱췹췹듦퓚ퟅ죃램싉쳥쾵뎬풽짧컷랽뺭볃톧볒퓸뛔쮽폐뮯횸뇪뫍훆뛈ꋱ훐뗄램싉믡쯹쓜뷓쫜뗄램싉뿲볜뗄쟩뿶ꆣ헢훖쟩뿶뗄쿖쪵횸뇪뷸탐맽퇐뺿ꆣꋡ틔맬뺭볃훐뗄쮽폐뮯뛔쫐랴펳쫇,떱훆뛈ꋱ뗄쪵쪩엶떽삧쓑(죧횴탐돉놾뎡훎샭뗄펰쿬뫍램싉맦헂뗄횴탐뛸퇔,평폚램싉맽룟믲훙닃믺릹컞램믱좡횴탐탅쾢)쪱,쮽죋ퟩ맦헂짐늻ퟣ틔쏷컺쮽폐뮯닺좨뫍놣헏릫쮾붻틗뗄횯횴탐맦퓲뫍맟샽ꆢ쾰쯗ꆢ싗샭맦퓲뗈뻍믡퓚튻뚨웵풼좨샻,붻틗쮫랽퓚웵풼훐뗄뻟쳥풭퓲ꆢ틥컱퓰돌뛈뫍랶캧쓚듺쳦램쇮맦헂,벴훆뛈ꋲ뫍훆뛈ꋳ죎ꆢ횴탐쳵뿮뗈,돽쇋평닟싔뗄늻좷뚨탔쯹틽훂뗄뻍믡늹돤믲쳦훆뛈ꋱ,튲뻍쫇쮵,훆뛈ꋱ폫훆뛈웵풼뗄늻췪좫쳘헷췢,뮹믡틲닺좨뷧뚨쒣뫽뛸떼ꋲꆢꋳ뗄췸싧릹돉벰웤믺훆뻍믡랢짺ퟷ폃,듓뛸믡훂웵풼뗄늻췪좫탔ꆣ샽죧,컒맺퓚뺭볃맬훐뗄틽훂훆뛈좱랦킧싊뫍훊솿뗍쿂ꆣ샽죧,컒맺훆뛈듳솿맺폐닺뗄엄싴틔벰듳솿훐킡쮽펪웳튵뗄돶ꋱ훐뗄폐맘쮽펪웳튵뺭펪벰닺좨뷧뚨뗄램쇮맦쿖,퓸훂쪹쿠펦뗄램싉맦헂룺늻짏헢훖맣틥뗄쮽헂,늿럖맺폐웳튵쮽폐뮯붻틗뗄램쇮맦헂,릫쮾램폐뮯뷸돌,폚쫇,컒맺쫐뎡훎샭훐뇣뺭뎣돶쿖쮽죋뛔웳튵횮볤웵풼뗄램쇮,뛔릫쮾웵풼훆뚩뫍쫐뎡ퟩ횯횴탐맦퓲쏖늹쿖쪵웵풼늻ퟣ뗄뒴탂,헢훖쟩붻틗탐캪뗄맦뚨벰훙닃맦헂뗈,뚼짦벰떽훆뛈ꋱꆢ뿶퓚뚫쓏퇘몣뗘쟸뗄릫쮾붻틗믲웵풼뗄잩뚩훐뺭ꋲꆢꋳ횮볤뗄췸싧릹돉벰웤믺훆ퟷ폃뗄늻킭뗷컊뎣돶쿖ꆣ떫쫇,평폚훆뛈ꋱ뫍훆뛈ꋲ횮볤뗄맘솪쳢ꆣ맘폚헢킩늻킭뗷,맺쓚폐킩톧헟퓸듓늻춬뗄듦퓚ퟅ볤뛏뗣,램춥믲웤쯻훙닃믺릹쓑틔퓚쓜릻뷇뛈믲닣쏦뷸탐맽첽쳖ꆣ뷓쫜뗄붻틗돉놾뗄랶캧쓚쪵쪩에뻶,폚쫇평훮죧쫂쪵짏,훆뛈ꋲꆢꋳ쫇쫐뎡훎샭뷡릹탎돉뫍뇤죽뷇햮틽랢뗄삵헊ꆢ뻜늻뢶뿮짵훁믙풼뗈쿖쿳뇣18
ꆡ헣붭짧믡뿆톧2008쓪뗚10웚ꆡ뺭뎣돶쿖ꆣ헢쮵쏷훆뛈ꋲ랶캧쓚뗄뒴탂뇘탫믱뗃횴탐믺훆랢믓ퟷ폃ꆣλϖ샽죧,퓚뗃늻떽램싉폐킧놣훆뛈ꋱ뗄횧돖,떱늻쓜싺ퟣ헢튻쳵볾쪱,훆뛈뒴탂뮤뗄쟩뿶쿂,컒맺뗄뫜뛠릫쮾캪쇋럀랶캥풼믲뻜늢늻튻뚨쓜닺짺룟킧싊뗄뫍룟훊솿뗄뺭볃벨킧ꆣ뢶뿮,붻틗췹췹틀뾿믯냩횮볤뗄쿠뮥탅죎,헢훖틔헢훖뺰뿶뗄놳뫳뺿뺹뮹듦늻듦퓚훆뛈쳥쾵뗄웤쯻ퟔ컒돐억ꆢퟱ톭맟샽캪뗗퓌뗄훆뛈낲업,뿉틔샭뷢맦뚨탔쓘?쿔좻,쯼짦벰쇋훆뛈ꋳ뛔훆뛈ꋱꆢꋲ뗄캪쫇튻훖헫뛔훆뛈ꋱ쓑틔쳡릩폐킧놣뮤뗄훆뛈뒴펰쿬ꆣ탂ꆣ듓샭싛닣쏦살뾴듽컒맺뗄헢튻쪵볊,쿖쪵훐뻟폐틢쪶탎첬룐좾솦뗄뺭볃샭싛럖컶,힢훘듦퓚뗄틔탅폾ퟷ캪횴탐믺훆뗄훮죧붻믵잰뢶뿮ꆢ폚붫맟샽ꆢ싗샭맦퓲ꆢ쾰쯗뗈훃폚훆뛈뇤잨쇬폲뷸춣횹붻틗췾킲뗈쫖뛎,쪵볊짏쫇훆뛈ꋳ뛔쫐뎡훎탐퇐뺿ꆣ늻맽,헢훖퇐뺿뗄샭싛쓽뻛뗣퓚훘쫓뫪샭뷡릹뗄웵풼훆뚩ꆢ뗷헻ꆢ횴탐맽돌훐뗄퓚뻟쳥퓋맛훆뛈럖컶뗄춬쪱죝틗떭뮯훆뛈뗄캢맛럖컶ꆣ퓚폃ꆰ늻췪좫웵풼ꆱ쪱뗄튻훖뒴탂ꆣ캢맛닣벶짏,훆뛈ꋳ뛔쫐뎡훎샭뷡릹뗄펰쿬,춨뎣ퟜ횮,쫐뎡훎샭뷡릹뗄랢햹뫍뇤뮯쫇춬훆뛈뇭쿖캪훆뛈ꋳ뛔훆뛈ꋲ탎돉믲뒴탂뗄볤뷓펰쿬ꆣꋱꆢꋲꆢꋳ뗄췸싧릹돉벰웤믺훆랢믓맽돌솪쾵퓚튻튻냣살붲,맟샽뫍싗샭쫇춨맽ퟔ컒풼쫸뫍ퟔ컒돐웰뗄,헢튻췸싧릹돉벰웤믺훆뗄랢믓,뻶뚨ퟅ쫐뎡억살쪵쿖웤뛔탐캪죋럇잿훆탔뗄훆뛈풼쫸뗄;뛸훎샭뷡릹뗄훊솿뫍뒴탂돌뛈ꆣ럖컶뫍퇐뺿컒맺쫐쾰쯗퓲쫇춨맽짧믡ퟔ랢뿘훆뗄랽램(죧쪹캥맦헟뎡훎샭뷡릹벰웤뒴탂뗄훊솿,튪퓚쳥훆맬쳘헷쏻폾쫜쯰뗈)살횴탐훆뛈풼쫸뗄ꆣꋢ솪쾵쫐뎡훎샭뗄믹뒡짏힢훘훆뛈ꋱꆢꋲꆢꋳ뗄쓚퓚맘솪ꆣ튲뻍쫇뷡릹벰웤뒴탂살뾴,평폚쳥훆맬늻뷶탨튪붨솢쮵,컞싛쫇듓쮽폐뮯뗄훆뛈뒴탂쯹짦벰뗄닺좨랽탂뗄뺭볃뿲볜뛸쟒믡퓚튻뚨돌뛈뫍랶캧쓚룄뇤헾쏦살럖컶쫐뎡훎샭뷡릹,뮹쫇듓틆횲컷랽램싉훆훎폎쾷맦퓲,헾훎늻컈뚨춨뎣믡떼훂훆뛈ꋱ뗄늻뛈쯹짦벰뗄돉킧탔살럖컶쫐뎡훎샭뷡릹,횻폐뾼컈뚨,틲뛸뺭볃훷쳥뗄붻틗탐캪뫍웵풼맘쾵뗄쪵싇떽훆뛈ꋱꆢꋲꆢꋳ췸싧릹돉벰웤믺훆,닅쓜쾵춳쪩,뻍믡뺭뎣탔뗘샻폃믲뒴탂훆뛈ꋲꆢꋳ살룄뇤훆뗘뛔쫐뎡훎샭뷡릹벰웤뒴탂ퟷ돶짮죫뗄퇐뺿ꆣ뛈ꋱ훐뗄늻쫊떱뗄램싉맦헂ꆣ헢훖쟩뿶퓚컒맺쏷쿔듦퓚ꆣ쯄ꆢ뷡쫸폯폫컷랽맺볒쿠뇈,컒맺뗄훆뛈ꋲ쳥쾵훐늢늻퓚훆뛈뒴탂뗄닣쏦짏첽쳖틔웵풼훆뚩ꆢ뗷헻듦퓚뛀솢뗄쮽죋ퟩ횯횴탐믺릹벰웤맦퓲ꆣ뻟쳥뗘뫍횴탐뗈캪뫋탄쓚죝뗄쫐뎡훎샭뷡릹펦죧뫎뒴탂쮵,뻍쫇볈늻듦퓚맦쒣쿠떱뗄쫜떽헾뢮돐죏뗄쮽뗄삧쓑,살풴폚쳥훆맬훆풼쿂뗄룷훖닣벶훆뛈죋훙닃믺릹,튲쎻폐릫뾪뫏램뗄뻟폐램싉횴탐킧뗄늻볈뚨,뛸퇐뺿훆뛈늻볈뚨놳뺰쿂뗄쫐뎡훎샭싊뫍릦쓜뗄탐믡ퟩ횯;컒맺쮽죋ퟩ횯횴탐믺릹늢뷡릹,퓲탨튪춨엌뾼싇헢킩늻춬닣벶뗄훆뛈뛔웵늻쫇뻸뛔뗄늻듦퓚,죧퇘몣뺭볃랢듯뗘쟸뗄뻟폐풼훆뚩뫍횴탐뗄펰쿬ꆣ뻖쿞폚뺭볃쇬폲살첽쳖쫐삩햹쟷쫆뗄뗘쿂잮,믲돵늽뻟폐쮽죋훙닃릦쓜뎡훎샭뷡릹뗄뒴탂,늻쓜냚췑훆뛈늻볈뚨쳵볾뗄뗄샠쯆폚탐믡탔훊뗄뺭볃ퟩ횯뗈ꆣ늻맽,컒맺뗄풼쫸;붫짧믡맟샽ꆢ싗샭뫍쾰쯗뗈럇헽쪽훆뛈낲업훆뛈ꋲ뛔쫐뎡훎샭뷡릹탎돉뫍뒴탂뗄ퟷ폃,튪쏷쓉죫럖컶뿲볜,튲횻쫇늿럖쳸돶쇋훆뛈뗄늻볈뚨쿔킡폚훆뛈ꋱ,뺡맜헢훖ퟷ폃쯦ퟅ맬뗄볓쯙뫍풼쫸ꆣ뾼달쳥훆맬뺭볃훐뗄쫐뎡훎샭뷡릹벰웤췪돉폐뷸튻늽볓듳뗄쟷쫆ꆣ뒴탂,뇘탫럖컶훆뛈뮷뺳폈웤튪럖컶헾훎훆뛈뗄훆뛈ꋳ뛔쫐뎡훎샭뷡릹탎돉뫍뒴탂뗄펰쿬,쒳킩맦뚨탔ꆣ탂훆뛈뺭볃톧폐맘붻틗돉놾뗄샭싛훷튪쫇춨맽뺭볃훷쳥훘쫓평ퟔ컒돐억쯹뿘훆뗄탅붨쫷,캪컒쏇퇐뺿훆뛈늻볈뚨쳵볾쿂뗄쫐뎡훎샭죎ꆢ쏻폾뗈살쪵쿖뗄ꆣ뻍훆뛈ꋳ뛔웵풼뗄횴탐뛸뷡릹쳡릩쇋튻훖폐뿉쓜뷢뻶컊쳢뗄랽램ꆣ퓋폃붻싛,컒맺쫐뎡짐늻랢듯뫍쳥훆맬벰웤쳘뗣,뻶뚨틗돉놾랶돫뺿뺹쓜늻쓜쮵쏷훆뛈뗄췸싧닣듎탔ꆢퟅ쫐뎡쯹쓜쳡릩뗄폐맘붻틗뛔쿳뗄탅쾢쫇폐쿞뢴퓓탔벰웤킭뗷뗈컊쳢?쓜늻쓜춨맽뛔헾훎붻틗뗄,믲헟쮵,붻틗헟헫뛔붻틗믯냩뗄톡퓱튪쫜떽튻돉놾뗄퇐뺿살쮵쏷늻춬헾훎뫍뺭볃샻틦벯췅퓚훆뚨뗄뻖쿞ꆣ폚쫇,ퟔ컒풼쫸뗄맟샽ꆢퟔ컒돐억뗄싗뛈낲업뒴탂짏닉좡늻뫏ퟷ뗄풭틲?쓜늻쓜틔붻틗샭틔벰짧믡뿘훆뗄쾰쯗,뻍믡뛔웵풼뗄탎돉벰웤돉놾룅쓮ퟷ캪훷튪럖컶릤뻟살뷢쮵훆뛈뗄훊솿벰19
뫎듳낲:쫐뎡훎샭뷡릹폫훆뛈낲업뒴탂늻춬닣벶훆뛈횮볤뗄뫏컊쳢?쿔좻,헢킩컊쳢킩샭싛솪쾵릫쮾폫쫐뎡뗄쪵볊맘솪,쿈뫳뛔췪좫웵풼뫍폫쳥훆맬훐뗄ꆰ훆뛈늻볈뚨ꆱ뫍ꆰ훆뛈쫇늩?뷡늻췪좫웵풼뷸탐쇋럖컶뫍퇐뺿ꆣ맘폚듓릫쮾탔훊뷇뛈뛔맻ꆱ솽룶믹놾쫂쪵럖늻뾪뗄ꆣ틔짏샭싛뗄움쫶,닎볻쓴믔뮪:ꆶ웳튵뗄놾훊:튻룶잰퇘ퟛ쫶ꆷ,퓘ꆶ쿖듺닺튵뺭볃톧잰퇘컊쳢퇐뺿ꆷ,뺭볃뿆톧돶냦힢쫍짧,2006쓪냦ꆣ:ꋙ컞싛쫇퇘쾮뗂맺샺쪷톧엉횮럖컶랽램뛸힢훘폚샺ꋟ훷헅훆뛈낲업쫇늩?맦퓲뗄맛뗣,죏캪훆뛈낲업쪷쪵횤퇐뺿뗄틔뾵쎢쮹뫍랲늪싗캪듺뇭뗄샏훆뛈톧엉뛔헾훎붻틗뫍뺭볃붻틗탐캪뻟폐벤샸ퟷ폃(North,1990);,뮹쫇뛔붻틗돉놾폨틔웆틫뛸맘힢웳튵ퟩ횯뫍쫐뎡훎샭뗄붫훆뛈낲업샭뷢캪늩?뷡맻뗄맛뗣,퓲죏캪훆뛈낲업쫇틔뿆쮹뫍췾솮쒷즭캪듺뇭뗄탂훆뛈뺭볃톧,뚼죏캪훆뛈쯹폐짧믡돉풱튻훂춬틢뗄탐캪맦퓲,쯼뿉틔춨맽ퟔ컒볠쫇뺭볃퓶뎤뗄맘볼틲쯘ꆣ떫평폚훆뛈뺭볃톧샭싛뗄튻냣뚽믲췢늿믺릹살볠뚽(Schotter,1981)ꆣ욲뾪헢킩맛뗣뛔탔룹횲폚돉쫬뗄쫐뎡뺭볃맺볒,쯼늢늻쓜폐킧뷢쫍룷맺훆뛈낲업뚨탔럖컶뗄뺫좷돌뛈늻싛,컒쏇펦룃뾴떽웤뛔뗄뻟쳥쪵볊쫐뎡훎샭뷡릹횮훆뛈낲업뒴탂뗄샭싛펰쿬ꆣ(죧짏쫀볍쒩뚫얷룷맺뗄쳥훆맬),헢뇣쪹뗃훆뛈틲쯘퓚룼짮닣듎짏쿔슶돶틔늻춬컄뮯놳뺰ꆢ풴ꋠ듓죏캪훆뛈쫇늩?횮맦퓲뗄샭쓮살짨볆훆뛈ꋱ,?뢳ꆢ볈뚨뺭볃퓋탐룱뻖뗈뗄맦뚨탔ꆣ떱컒쏇뾼달훐맺쪵볊짏낵몬ퟅ훆뛈쫇볈뚨뗄럖컶짨뚨;쯼폐샻폚퓚샭싛짏럖컶훆뛈ꋱ틔뫎훖랽쪽펰쿬쫐뎡훎샭뷡릹,틔뷢쮵릫뗄쟩탎쪱,믲탭쓜뛔엺움훆뛈뺭볃톧뗄쒳킩샭싛맛뗣폐쮾펦내쪲쎴퇹뗄맦퓲뷸탐훘뢴붻틗,췾솮쒷즭(William2쯹샭뷢ꆣson,1985)퓸뛔헢룶컊쳢뷸탐맽짮죫뗄퇐뺿ꆣ늻맽,틔낵ꋚ퓚탂훆뛈뺭볃톧뗄쫓폲훐,릫쮾폫쫐뎡뫏뛸캪튻몬ퟅ훆뛈쫇볈뚨뗄볙뚨잰쳡살짨볆늢햹뾪뛔훆뛈ꋱ뗄퇐뗄럖컶쫓뷇쪹뗃릫쮾훎샭뷡릹폫쫐뎡훎샭뷡릹뻟폐룅쓮뺿,죝틗뫶쫓훆뛈ꋱ폫훆뛈ꋲꆢꋳ뗄췸싧릹돉벰웤믺훆ퟷ뗄뗈춬탔ꆣ놾컄쯹럖컶뗄쫐뎡훎샭뷡릹퓚튻뚨듳뗄돌뛈폃ꆣ뫍랶캧쓚뗈춬폚릫쮾훎샭뷡릹,쳘듋쮵쏷ꆣꋡ맘폚쮽폐뮯횸뇪,웕뇩죏캪쯼쫇복짙맺볒룉풤웳ꋛ샽죧,룱죰럲(Greif,1997)퓸듓샭싛뫍쪵횤솽랽쏦튵뫍룄뇤쯹폐훆뷡릹뗄튻훖쫖뛎,떫죧맻뷶뷶뾼싇웳튵퇐뺿쇋탐캪폫컄뮯뗄쿠맘탔;억쮹(DenzauandNorth,쮽폐뮯뗄쫽솿벰웤탎쪽,헢튻횸뇪늢늻쓜뫢솿릫쮾뗄뺭1994)퓸듓탄훇쒣쪽횮폚틢쪶탎첬뗄펰쿬뛔훆뛈뮷뺳뗄펪탐캪,횻폐붫벤쇒뗄쫐뎡뺺헹뫍펲풤쯣풼쫸쓉죫쮽폐뇤뮯햹뾪맽럖컶,뗈뗈ꆣ헢킩럖컶뫍퇐뺿뚼볤뷓뗘뛔쫐뮯뗄뷸돌뫍돌탲살뾼싇,닅쓜뛔쮽폐뮯쇋뗄웳튵뗄붻틗뎡훎샭뷡릹뗄짨볆뫍퓋ퟷ쳡돶쇋튻킩뿉릩짮죫첽쳖뗄맛뫍뺭펪탐캪ퟷ돶쫇럱폅뮯뗄움볛(Pinto,BelkaandKrajew2뗣ꆣski,1993)ꆣ맘폚램싉횸뇪,퇐뺿맬뺭볃뗄뺭볃톧볒웕ꋜ훆뛈늻볈뚨,춨뎣쫇헫뛔튻맺뗄뺭볃쳥훆ꆢ헾닟ꆢ뇩죏캪,컞싛쫇틔릫쮾램뮹쫇틔웆닺램뗈ퟷ캪뫢솿훆뛈램싉맦헂짵훁냼삨펰쿬쫐뎡뮷뺳뗄쾰쯗ꆢ싗샭뗈뗄뇤뮯돉킧뗄횸뇪,뺡맜늻춬뗄램싉횸뇪뿉틔에뇰쓄킩컊쳢틑뛸퇔뗄,틲듋,떥뒿틔쫐뎡훎샭뷡릹캪놳뺰듓뛸뷶뷶붫웵뷢뻶쓄킩컊쳢틀좻듦퓚,떫뛔램싉횸뇪뗄뫢솿쓑틔퓚헻풼ퟷ캪훆뛈낲업뗄럖컶뛔쿳쪱,늻췪좫웵풼죔좻틢캶ퟅ쳥짏쮵쏷램싉훆뛈뗄뒴탂죧뫎펰쿬쫐뎡훎샭뷡릹뗄뇤훆뛈뗄볈뚨ꆣ뮯ꆣ쿔좻,ힷ쯝헢킩컊쳢닺짺뗄풭틲,뿉틔죏캪쫇퓚좷뚨ꋝ맘폚뚫얷맺볒돶쿖뺭볃늨뚯뗄퇐뺿,웰돵뺭볃톧훆뛈짨볆쪱쎻폐뫜뫃뗘뾼싇떽훆뛈ꋱ뫍훆뛈ꋲ횮볤뗄맘볒횻쫇붫훆뛈쫓캪쳥훆맬뗄잰쳡뛸늻쫇ퟷ캪죎컱살퇐솪ꆣ뺿뗄,쯻쏇헹싛뗄쫇룄룯뗄쯙뛈뫍쮳탲,뛸늻쫇죧뫎짨볆ꋢ튻킩뺭볃톧볒퓸퓋폃늩?럖컶살쮵쏷맟샽ꆢ싗샭ꆢ쫐뎡떼쿲탍훎샭뷡릹뗄훆뛈낲업(Funke,1993);쏦뛔뚫쾰쯗뗈뗄훆뛈풼쫸탎쪽,죏캪퓚뫏ퟷ탍늩?훐,횻튪솽죋얷룷맺돶쿖뗄벸훖늻춬뗄뺭볃탍쒣쪽,튻킩뺭볃톧볒닎폫뗄늩?늻듦퓚죎뫎튻죋욫뫃죎뫎탎쪽뗄쓉쪲뻹뫢,퇐뺿쇋헢킩맺볒쳥훆탍뗄웰뗣,늢틀뻝벯좨돌뛈뫍컈맟샽뻍믡랢짺ꆰ벴뇣떥랽닎폫헟웆뮵맦퓲튲늻믡돶쿖쪹뚨탔뷸탐쇋쒣쪽럖샠,듓뛸럖컶쇋뚫얷룷맺쳥훆맬횮죎뫎닎폫랽뒦뺳뇤뗃룼뫃ꆱ뗄훆뛈풼쫸;뛸싗샭뫍쾰쯗퓲뺭볃벨킧늻샭쿫뗄풭틲(FischerandGelb,1991);횱떽20쫇늩?닎폫헟닉좡쓚퓚뮯닟싔쪱뗄훆뛈풼쫸,헢킩풼쫸쫀볍90쓪듺쒩웚,뺭볃톧볒닅뾪쪼맘힢훆뛈틲쯘뛔뺭볃믡쪹캥랴맦퓲뗄쫕틦듳듳복짙믲뫏ퟷ쫕틦듳듳퓶볓ꆣ벨킧뗄훘튪탔ꆣλϖ뺭볃톧뗄ퟮ뷼랢햹,퓸틔ꆰ짧믡놾ꆱ룅쓮살뷢쮵ꋞ헢킩샭싛첽쯷험쪼폚뿆쮹(Coase,1937)뗄쏻훸훆뛈ꋳ뛔웵풼믲쫐뎡훎샭뷡릹뗄펰쿬ꆣ떫듓맟샽ꆢ싗샭ꆶ릫쮾뗄탔훊ꆷ튻쫩ꆣ쯃뫳,폐훮죧웵풼솪뷡샭싛ꆢ캯췐듺뫍쾰쯗뛔웵풼뗄맦뚨탔살뾼달,쳥훆맬맺볒훐뗄쫜훆샭샭싛ꆢ붻틗돉놾샭싛ꆢ닺폃샭싛ꆢ쪣폠뿘훆좨샭싛ꆢ뛈ꋳ펰쿬뗄붻틗맘쾵퓚뫜듳돌뛈짏뿉틔놻뷧뚨캪튻훖좨샻샭싛ꆢ풴샭싛뗈뗈;캧죆쫐뎡훎샭뷡릹뗄뒴탂,헢ꆰ맘쾵웵풼ꆱꆣ헢훖ꆰ맘쾵웵풼ꆱ쫇쳥훆맬맺볒훐웵풼횴20
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ZHEJIANGꆡSOCIALꆡ,October2008ABSTRACTSTheGreatTransformationofVillages(2)MaoDan(CenterforLocalGovernanceStudiesofZhejiangUniversity,Hangzhou310027)Abstract:Villageremainstobevirtualsocial-unitsinthecountrysideofChina,whosetransformationinthepastthreedecadesprovidesinsightsontheprocess,,:(1)Thetransformationofeconomiccommunity:inthepolicycontextofsemi-marketingofagricultureandpeasantryandsemi-protectionofthembynon-mar2ketingfactors,aswellaseconomicsituationofresponsibilitysystemanddefactomoreprotectionofpeasantꆯshouseholdeconomicactivities,villagetransformsfromthecollectivebrigadeundercommunalsystemtoindefi2niteeconomiccommunity.(2)Thetransformationofgoverningcommunity:onthebasisofinstitutionalar2rangementofvillagersꆯautonomyandlocalinnovation,villagetransformsfromthestateꆯslocalgoverningunittoonesharedbystateandsociety,withtheinitialgrowthofruralpublicfield.(3)Thetransformationofvilla2gesaspeasantrycommunity:,marketandcityonthecountryside,butontheattitudesofthecou2ntrysideandpeasantryonthestate,:Transformation,Villages,EconomicCommunity,GoverningCommunityMarketGovernanceStructureandInstitutionalArrangementInnovation(13)HeDaan(ZhejiangGongshangUniversity,Hangzhou310035)Abstract:,thispaperstudiessomeproblemsa2boutremodelingmarketgovernancestructureunderinstitutionuncertainty,divisestheChineseinstitutionalar2rangementintothreelevels,analyzestheassociationproblembetweenmultilevelsandcomplexityofinstitu2tionalnetwork,andemphaticallyresearchesthegeneralinfluencefromcontractformulating,:InstitutionalArrangement,MarketGovernanceStructure,TransactionCost,IncompleteCon2tractPriceRegulation,GovernmentAdministrationMonopolyandtheGamesamongInterestGroups:thePriceRegulationofSilkwormCocoonduringTransformationinChina(22)ShiJinchuan,LiJianqin(EconomicsSchoolofZhejiangUniversity,Hangzhou310027)Abstract:Duringlastthreedecades,,,weprovethatitisthematteroffact,thepriceregulationofsilkwormcocoonismonopolyofgovernmentadministration,anditꆯstheresultofgameamongthegovernment,
