뗚19뻭ꆡ뗚3웚퇐뺿폫랢햹맜샭쓪6퓂R&컄헂뇠뫅:100428308(2007)0320024208뢴퓓닺욷쾵춳뒴탂뗄샻믹닟싔퇐뺿헅쏗뛻,쳯ꆡ떤(듳솬샭릤듳톧맜샭톧풺,듳솬ꆡ116023)ꆡꆡ햪ꆡ튪:첽톰훐맺웳튵쪵쿖뢴퓓닺욷쾵춳ퟔ훷뒴탂뗄폐킧춾뺶.캪듋,퇐뺿쇋뢴퓓닺욷쾵춳뒴탂뗄뗤탍낸샽,횸돶샻믹닟싔쫇퓚룃쇬폲쪵쿖ퟔ훷뒴탂뗄맘볼쯹퓚;럖컶쇋샻믹닟싔쿂뗄뢴퓓닺욷쾵춳뒴탂믺훆,릹붨쇋믹폚샻믹닟싔뗄뢴퓓닺욷쾵춳뒴탂쒣탍;퇐뺿뇭쏷,퓚벼쫵믹뒡실뫳폚맺췢뺺헹뛔쫖뗄놳뺰쿂,샻믹닟싔쫇훐맺웳튵샻폃ꆰ듳맺킧펦ꆱퟔ훷뾪랢뢴퓓닺욷쾵춳뗄폐킧춾뺶.맘볼듊:뢴퓓닺욷쾵춳;샻믹닟싔;벼쫵벯돉;ퟔ훷뒴탂훐춼럖샠뫅:F40613ꆡꆡꆡꆡ컄쿗뇪쪶싫:Aힰ놸닺욷쫇뺭볃랢햹뗄벼쫵횧훹(technologicalbackbone),좻뛸뎤웚틔살,뒴탂맜샭퇐뺿훷튪쫇헫뛔쿻럑욷햹뾪뗄,뛔ힰ놸닺욷뗄퇐뺿쏷쿔훍뫳.20쫀볍90쓪듺훐웚,Miller,Hobday,Nel2son뗈얷쏀톧헟춨맽퇐뺿몽뿕랢뚯믺ꆢ춨탅짨놸뗈ힰ놸닺욷뗄뒴탂,랢쿖헢킩닺욷폫쿻럑욷뗄벼쫵뒴탂탐캪듦퓚뷏듳닮틬,죏캪폐뇘튪붫웤ퟷ캪뛀솢뗄닺욷랶돫뷸탐쏅퇐뺿,캪듋,쳡돶쇋뢴퓓닺욷쾵춳(ComplexProductsandSystems,CoPS)뗄룅쓮[1].뷼쓪살,튻킩랢햹훐맺볒헽퓚뷸죫뢴퓓닺욷쾵춳쫐뎡,떫헽죧Hobday횸돶,틑폐뗄퇐뺿뛔듋뫜짙짦벰,웈쟐탨튪뛔듋뷸탐짮죫뗄퇐뺿,틔뷒쪾헢킩맺볒죧뫎쪵쿖ힷ룏,틔벰헢튻맽돌훐돉릦폫듬헛뗄뺭퇩뷌통[2].웹뷱캪횹,쿠맘퇐뺿훷튪쫇헫뛔얷쏀뗈맺웳튵뗄뒴탂쪵볹햹뾪뗄,헢폫훐맺웳튵퓚룃쇬폲뾪햹ퟔ훷뒴탂뗄놳뺰듦퓚쿔훸닮틬,훐맺웳튵쯹뒦놳뺰뻟폐쿊쏷쳘뗣:훐맺쫇랢햹훐맺볒,웳튵뗄벼쫵믹뒡뫍뒴탂풴실뫳폚맺췢뺺헹뛔쫖;훐맺폖쫇튻룶샺쪷폆뻃뗄듳맺,뻟폐뻞듳뗄쫐뎡ꆢ뛀쳘뗄컄뮯뫍탨쟳뛠퇹탔,헢튻ꆰ듳맺킧펦ꆱ쫇듳뛠쫽랢햹훐맺볒쯹늻뻟놸뗄,튲쫇훐맺웳튵뿉틔볓틔샻폃뗄.떱잰,훐맺웳튵퓚폫맺췢뺺헹뛔쫖듦퓚뷏듳닮뻠뗄놳뺰쿂,쏦쇙ퟅ쯵킡벼쫵닮뻠ꆢ쪵쿖ퟔ훷뒴탂뗄뷴웈죎컱,틲듋,짮죫뾪햹헫뛔탔뗄퇐뺿틑쿔뗃폈캪웈쟐.1ꆡ컄쿗믘맋뢴퓓닺욷쾵춳뻟폐룟돉놾ꆢ탅쾢벼쫵쏜벯ꆢ맋뿍뚨훆뗈쳘뗣,냼몬듳솿뗄ퟓ쾵춳뫍풪볾[3];Acha뗈죋뗄뚨솿퇐뺿뇭쏷,뺭펪뢴퓓닺욷쾵춳뗄튵컱쫇벼쓜ꆢ릤틕쏜벯뗄,닺욷짨볆틀삵죭볾뫍IT쾵춳뗄횧돖,붻틗랽쪽뛠캪ꆰ웳튵뛔웳튵ꆱ[4];돂뺢뗈붫뢴퓓닺욷쾵춳뒴탂튪쯘럖캪뫋탄튪쯘뫍훜뇟튪쯘,릹붨쇋뢴퓓닺욷쾵춳뒴탂움맀횸뇪쳥쾵[5].뢴퓓닺욷쾵춳냼몬듳솿뚨훆풪볾ꆢퟓ쾵춳,벰붫쯼쏇솬뷓퓚튻웰뗄뿘훆떥풪,죧뫎붫헢킩풪ꆡꆡ쫕룥죕웚:2006212226;탞룄죕웚:2007203213.ꆡꆡ믹뷰쿮쒿:맺볒ퟔ좻뿆톧믹뷰훺쿮쒿(70573017);쇉쓾쪡짧믡뿆톧맦뮮믹뷰훘뗣쿮쒿(L06AJY008).ꆡꆡퟷ헟볲뷩:헅쏗뛻(1970ꆪ),쓐,뢱뷌쫚,늩쪿짺떼쪦,퇐뺿랽쿲캪벼쫵맜샭ꆢ튵컱탍;쳯ꆡ떤(1978ꆪ),얮,늩쪿퇐뺿짺.ꆡ
ꆡ뗚3웚헅쏗뛻뗈:뢴퓓닺욷쾵춳뒴탂뗄샻믹닟싔퇐뺿25쯘내헕닣듎뷡릹벯돉캪헻룶쾵춳쫇뢴퓓닺욷쾵춳뒴탂맜샭뗄맘볼.Hobday죏캪,퓚뢴퓓닺욷쾵춳뒴탂맽돌훐,쾵춳벯돉쫇웳튵뫋탄뗄벼쫵쓜솦뫍ퟩ횯쓜솦[6];Prencipe뗄퇐뺿튲뇭쏷,벯돉쓜솦뛔뢴퓓닺욷쾵춳짺닺웳튵뗄뺺헹럇뎣훘튪[7];캪쇋룼폐킧뗘좷뚨ꆢ닢쫔ꆢ움맀쿠맘풪볾,늢ퟮ훕돉릦헻뫏캪탂닺욷,웳튵늻뷶펦맘힢퓚닺욷붨릹닣쏦뗄쓜솦,뮹탨튪훘쫓짮뮯랢햹풪볾닣쏦뗄벼쫵쓜솦,헢폐훺폚퓚닺욷퇐랢폫훆퓬맽돌훐늻뛏헻뫏탂벼쫵[8];뛔폚뢴퓓닺욷쾵춳뒴탂뗄ퟩ횯,Hobday죏캪틔쿮쒿캪믹뒡뗄ퟩ횯(projectbasedorganization)룼캪폐킧,웳튵볈펦틢쪶떽룃ퟩ횯탎쪽퓚쿖폐쫐뎡뺺헹훐뗄잱솦,폖튪힢틢랢햹웳튵좫쏦뗄쓜솦,캪웳튵뾪췘뫍뒴퓬캴살뗄쫐뎡믺믡뗬뚨믹뒡[9];뛸퇮횾룕ꆢ컢맳짺뗄퇐뺿뇭쏷,뢴퓓닺욷쾵춳짺닺웳튵뗄벼쫵쓜솦돉뎤뻟폐슷뺶틀삵뗄쳘헷,평폚뫏웳튵훷튪듓쫂뛔틽뷸닺욷뗄룄뷸,뛸늻쫇뾪랢췪헻뗄닺욷,죝틗쿝죫벼쫵틀삵쿝?[10].뢴퓓닺욷쾵춳벼쫵릹돉뢴퓓,짦벰뗄횪쪶쇬폲맣랺,웳튵퓚닺욷뒴탂뗄맽돌훐춨뎣믡샻폃떽췢늿뗄벼쫵풴.Barlow뗄퇐뺿뇭쏷,퓚폃뮧탨쟳쳡룟뫍폺랢뢴퓓뗄뮷뺳쿂,볓잿뫏ퟷ폫뿧ퟩ횯뗄횪쪶벯돉,뛔폚쿮쒿뗄돉릦폫럱뻟폐훁맘훘튪뗄ퟷ폃[11];Brusoni뫍Prencipe죏캪뢴퓓닺욷쾵춳뗄ퟩ돉풪볾뫍쿠맘쇬폲뗄벼쫵뇤뮯듦퓚뷴쏜뗄쾵춳솪쾵,캪듋닉좡췸싧ퟩ횯쒣쪽폐훺폚웳튵뷸탐뿧쇬폲뫍믺릹뗄횪쪶맜샭[12];뛸Kash뫍Rycoft죏캪,뢴퓓벼쫵뗄뒴탂탨튪웳튵볤탎돉췸싧,헢폐훺폚벼쫵톧쾰뗄뾪햹,틲캪듳솿뗄틾탔횪쪶뇘탫퓚쳘뚨뗄놳뺰쿂붻쇷뫍톧쾰[13];Paoli뫍Prencipe뗄퇐뺿뇭쏷,웳튵펦틔뿭쇬폲뗄벼쫵횪쪶뗄ퟜ쳥헆컕캪믹뒡,럖뷢닺욷뾪랢뗄죎컱,늢붫죎컱럖엉룸릩펦짌[14].ퟛ짏쯹쫶,뢴퓓닺욷쾵춳뗄퇐뺿뷼쓪살죕틦쫜떽맘힢,퓚룃쇬폲좡뗃쇋폐볛횵뗄퇐뺿뷸햹.떫탨튪횸돶뗄쫇,틑폐퇐뺿돉맻훷튪쫇뛔뒦폚벼쫵쇬쿈뗘캻뗄얷쏀웳튵퇐뺿탎돉뗄,뛸훐맺웳튵헻쳥짏뮹뒦폚벼쫵ힷ룏첬쫆,퓚룃쇬폲쪵쿖ퟔ훷뒴탂뇘탫닉폃헫뛔탔뗄듫쪩.틲듋,폐뇘튪뷡뫏웳튵뗄뒴탂놳뺰,ퟅ솦퇐뺿훐맺웳튵퓚룃쇬폲죧뫎폐킧뾪햹뒴탂믮뚯.훐컄벤맢헕업쾵춳쫇훐맺웳튵퓚뢴퓓닺욷쇬폲좡뗃뗄뇪횾탔돉맻,컒쏇뛠쓪살뗄룺ퟙ퇐뺿뇭쏷,샻믹닟싔쫇퓚룃쇬폲쪵쿖춻웆뗄폐킧춾뺶.2ꆡ낸샽럖컶:훐컄벤맢헕업쾵춳뒴탂211ꆡ닺욷뒴탂뗄벼쫵놳뺰퓚룐맢닄쇏뇭쏦룐맢,뷸탐업ퟖퟩ냦,훆돉컄ퟖ냦쏦뗄랽램,춳돆캪ꆰ헕쿠업냦ꆱ,쯼볲뮯쇋릤틕쇷돌,쳡룟쇋짺닺킧싊,쫇펡쮢벼쫵쪷짏뗄튻듎룯쏼.1898쓪,펢맺퇐훆돶컷컄쫖뚯헕업믺,듋뫳,쏀맺ꆢ뗂맺쿠볌폚1951쓪뫍1965쓪랢쏷쇋맢톧믺킵쪽헕업믺ꆢ틵벫짤쿟맜헕업믺.1976쓪,펢맺Monotype릫쮾퇐훆돶쫀뷧쫗첨벤맢헕업쾵춳LaserComp.벤맢헕업쾵춳뗄릦쓜쫇붫탨튪펡쮢뢴훆뗄컄ퟖꆢ춼탎뫍춼쿳탅쾢뷸탐뒦샭,탎돉냦쏦탅쾢늢훆돉죭욬릩펡쮢쪹폃,쯼쫇맢톧ꆢ믺킵ꆢ뗧ퟓ뫍볆쯣믺뗈벼쫵퓚돶냦쇬폲뗄ퟛ뫏펦폃.퇐훆훐컄벤맢헕업쾵춳뗄맘볼퓚폚몺ퟖ탅쾢듦뒢폫뮹풭,컷컄ퟖ쒸뫜짙,ퟖ탎틔뗣헳탎쪽듦뒢퓚볆쯣믺쓚,듦뒢컊쳢늢늻춻돶;뛸몺ퟖퟖ쫽뛠,펡쮢폃뗄ퟖ쳥벰ퟖ뫅폖뛠,폃뗣헳뇭쪾탅쾢솿듯짏잧틚ퟖ뷚,헢쫇튻룶쓑틔뷓쫜뗄몣솿쫽뻝,벴쪹춬쪱닉폃뛠룶듦뒢웷,뮺싽뗄듦좡쯙뛈튲믡훆풼쾵춳뗄쫤돶쯙뛈,쓑틔듯떽쪵폃뗄쮮욽.1979쓪떽1984쓪,췢맺뎧짌뾪쪼쿲훐맺벤맢헕업쾵춳쫐뎡째춸.1979쓪,Monotype릫쮾뗄
26퇐뺿폫랢햹맜샭뗚19뻭ꆡ닺욷퓚짏몣ꆢ놱뺩솽뗘햹쪾,ힼ놸뷸죫훐맺쫐뎡;1980쓪,웤닺욷돵늽뻟놸몺ퟖ뒦샭뗄쒳킩릦쓜,뾪쪼뷸죫훐맺돶냦쫐뎡.Monotype릫쮾뗄벤맢헕업쾵춳LaserComp닉폃쿈뷸뗄듳맦쒣벯돉뗧슷,탔쓜컈뚨,떫캴쓜뾪랢돶룟킧뗄몺ퟖ톹쯵쯣램,몺ퟖퟖ탎탅쾢뷶놻톹쯵튻냫ퟳ폒,쾵춳탨튪듳솿쪱볤듓듅엌뛁좡ퟖ탎탅쾢,쿞훆쇋몺ퟖ쫤돶쯙뛈,쓑틔듯떽훐컄돶냦뗄튪쟳.평폚쎻폐뷢뻶뫃몺ퟖ탅쾢뗄듦뒢벰쫤돶,훆풼쇋LaserComp퓚훐맺뗄췆맣펦폃.212ꆡ훐컄벤맢헕업쾵춳뗄뒴탂맽돌훐맺헾뢮폚1974쓪뾪햹쇋튻쿮ꆰ몺ퟖ탅쾢뒦샭ꆱ뗄릤돌,쒿뗄퓚폚뾪랢돶튻쳗쫊폃폚훐컄뗄뗧ퟓ돶냦쾵춳.1975쓪놱뺩듳톧닎폫룃릤돌,폫컞컽볆쯣믺뎧ꆢ몼훝폊뗧춨탅뎧ꆢ캫랻볆쯣믺뎧뫍탂뮪짧뗈떥캻쏜쟐킭ퟷ,춨맽솪뫏릥맘,폚1979쓪퇐훆돶훐컄벤맢헕업쾵춳뮪맢ꋱ.뮪맢쾵춳뗄뫋탄벼쫵쫇몺ퟖퟖ탎탅쾢톹쯵폫뮹풭,떱쪱훐맺짐캴붨솢샻훆뛈,틲듋,룃벼쫵퓚얷훞짪쟫늢믱뗃쇋샻[15],냼삨죽랽쏦쓚죝:ꋙퟖ탎탅쾢톹쯵벼쫵,쪹몺ퟖ탅쾢톹쯵싊듯1ꇃ500;ꋚ룟쯙뮹풭쯣램,쓜릻뿬쯙붫몺ퟖ톹쯵탅쾢늻쪧헦뗘뮹풭돉뗣헳;ꋛ컄ퟖ뇤놶뗄뿉뾿쯣램,떱ퟖ뫅뇤뮯쪱쓜놣횤ퟖ탎늻쪧헦.퓚퇐훆맘볼뗄헕업뿘훆웷맽돌훐,폃펲볾랽쪽뷢뻶쇋몺ퟖ듦뒢폫뮹풭뗄쯙뛈욿뺱,떫쿞폚떱쪱뗄쳵볾,풪볾횻쓜닉폃맺닺킡맦쒣벯돉뗧슷,닺욷쳥믽듳,컈뚨탔닮;훷믺닉폃맺닺킡탍믺,쓚듦뒢웷죝솿뷶64K;뛸쫤돶짨놸쫇퓚맺닺놨횽뒫헦믺믹뒡짏룄훆뛸돉뗄맶춲쪽벤맢헕업믺.훐컄벤맢헕업쾵춳뗄훷튪릹돉죧춼1쯹쪾,폃뮧듓훕뛋슼죫컄ퟖꆢ춼탎ꆢ춼쿱벰웤업냦튪쟳;훷믺내헕폃뮧뗄업냦튪쟳뷸탐업냦,늢틔튳쏦쏨쫶폯퇔뇭쪾냦쏦탅쾢(튳쏦쏨쫶폯퇔쫇뛔컄ퟖꆢ춼탎ꆢ춼쿱뗄쳘헷뫍쿠춼1ꆡ훐컄벤맢헕업쾵춳릹돉뮥맘쾵뷸탐쮵쏷뗄볆쯣믺폯퇔ꆡTheconstitutionoflaserphototypesetting);헕업뿘훆웷붫튳쏦쏨쫶폯퇔뇭쪾뗄냦systemforChinesecharacters쏦탅쾢뷢쫍캪헕업믺쓜샭뷢뫍볇슼뗄뗣헳,뿘훆벤맢헕업믺내헕업냦튪쟳퓚뗗욬짏즨쏨듲뗣,탎돉튻헅훆냦폃뗄붺욬.욾뷨몺ퟖퟖ탎탅쾢뗄톹쯵폫뮹풭벼쫵,뮪맢ꋱ퓚ퟜ쳥짨볆짏폅폚맺췢닺욷,떫뮹횻쫇풭샭퇹믺,헻룶쾵춳뗄컈뚨탔닮,릦쓜튲늻췪짆,짐캴듯떽쪵폃돌뛈.1983쓪,뮪맢ꋲ컊쫀,헕업뿘훆웷닉폃쇋맺췢쿈뷸뗄풪웷볾,복짙쇋풪웷볾뗄쫽솿,쳡룟쇋몺ퟖ듦뒢탅쾢뗄뮹풭쯙뛈;훷믺닉폃쏀맺DATAGENERAL릫쮾뗄NOVA킡탍믺,퓶잿쇋쾵춳뗄컈뚨탔;맶춲쪽헕업믺뗄탔쓜뷸튻늽룄뷸,쓜릻쪵쿖ퟔ뚯짏쿂뗗욬뗄릦쓜.1985쓪췆돶뮪맢ꋳ뗄업냦죭볾쓜릻업돶뢴퓓뗄릫쪽ꆢ럻뫅벰뇭룱,컈뚨릤ퟷ쪱볤뎬맽2000킡쪱,틑쓜믹놾싺ퟣ쫩벮뫍웚뾯돶냦뗄튪쟳.1986쓪,놱듳탂벼쫵릫쮾(놱듳랽헽뗄잰짭)돉솢,훷튪듓쫂훐컄벤맢헕업쾵춳뗄퇐훆ꆢ뾪랢ꆢ짺닺뫍쿺쫛.1988쓪췆돶뗄뮪맢ꋴ뗄헕업뿘훆웷닉폃듳맦쒣벯돉뗧슷,쪵쿖쇋컄ퟖ폫춼탎ꆢ춼쿱뫏튻쫤돶;쾵춳늻떫뿉틔폫맺닺헕업믺솬뷓,뮹뿉틔폫쏀맺ECRM릫쮾뗄벤맢헕업믺솬뷓,쪹뗃헻룶쾵춳컈뚨탔뷸튻늽쳡룟;평폚PC탔쓜뗄쳡룟,뮪맢ꋴ틑닉폃PCퟷ캪훷믺,엤놸쇋붻뮥쪽업냦죭볾,쓜뇠벭업냦뢴퓓뗄뇭룱ꆢ쇷돌춼ꆢ춼뇭ꆢ컥쿟웗뗈,ퟩ냦죭볾쓜퓚웁쒻짏쿔쪾뛠훖ퟖ쳥뫍ퟖ뫅뗄듳퇹,뿉틔붻뮥쪽업8뾪ꆢ4뾪놨횽.뮪맢ꋴ믱뗃쇋맣랺뗄펦폃,잰뫳쫛돶4000폠쳗,맺췢닺욷
ꆡ뗚3웚헅쏗뛻뗈:뢴퓓닺욷쾵춳뒴탂뗄샻믹닟싔퇐뺿27듓듋놻훰돶훐맺쓚뗘쫐뎡.듓1989쓪웰,뮪맢럖돉쇋뮪맢쾵쇐뫍랽헽쾵쇐솽룶쿠뮥뺺헹뗄닺욷,벤맢헕업벼쫵럖뇰캪놱듳랽헽뫍캫랻뮪맢펵폐;90쓪듺,랽헽퓚뺺헹훐훰늽쪤돶,돉캪훐맺벤맢헕업벼쫵뗄듺뇭뎧짌.랽헽퓚룃쇬폲돖탸춶죫,늻뛏삩햹뫍쳡짽닺욷릦쓜.1991쓪,췆돶믹폚튳쏦쏨쫶폯퇔뗄쾵춳,쪵쿖쇋풶돌뒫냦;1992쓪,쳸맽뒫춳뗄뗧ퟓ럖즫믺,춨맽쫽ퟖ볓췸뫍닊즫맜샭벼쫵퇐훆돶닊즫돶냦쾵춳.닺욷늻떫컈만햼쇬쇋훐맺쓚뗘쫐뎡,뛸쟒뮹돶뿚떽룛냄첨ꆢ뚫쓏퇇ꆢ쏀맺뗈뗘쟸뫍맺볒,늢훰늽훷떼쇋떱뗘훐컄돶냦쫐뎡.1997쓪뾪쪼,랽헽슽탸퇐훆돶죕컄ꆢ몫컄벤맢헕업쾵춳,쪹뗃닺욷퓚훐ꆢ죕ꆢ몫뗈럇ퟖ쒸컄ퟖ뗄펡쮢튵쫐뎡뗃떽쇋맣랺펦폃.213ꆡ럖컶평폚쫜훆폚몺ퟖퟖ탎탅쾢톹쯵폫뮹풭뗄쓑쳢,맺췢웳튵캴쓜햼쇬훐컄벤맢헕업쾵춳뗄쫐뎡,쪹훐컄벤맢헕업쾵춳돉캪훐맺웳튵ퟔ훷뒴탂뗄춻웆뿚뫍샻믹쫐뎡.샻믹쫐뎡쫇짐캴놻뫜뫃싺ퟣ뗄뻖늿쫐뎡,춨뎣폐틔쿂쳘뗣:폐잱퓚뗄믱샻뿕볤,폐돉뎤뗄잱솦,쎻폐헦헽뗄뺺헹뛔쫖믲놻뺺헹뛔쫖뫶쫓,폐쳘쫢뗄쿻럑탨쟳,쓜릻캪탂뷸죫뗄웳튵쳡릩쓜솦랢햹뗄믺믡[16].욾뷨뛔쏱ퟥ컄뮯뗄짮뿌샭뷢,틔몺ퟖퟖ탎탅쾢룟놶톹쯵폫뮹풭쯣램캪뫋탄벼쫵,뾪랢돶쪵폃뗄훐컄벤맢헕업쾵춳,싺ퟣ쇋놾췁쫐뎡뗄쳘뚨탨쟳;틔듋캪믹뒡,뷸튻늽뾪랢돶쫊폃쏦삩햹ꆢ벼쫵탔쓜쳡룟뗄쾵쇐닺욷,훰늽뷸죫룼맣삫뗄뺺헹쇬폲.3ꆡ믹폚샻믹닟싔뗄뒴탂믺훆퇐뺿311ꆡ틔샻믹닟싔쟐죫쒿뇪닺튵훐맺웳튵뾪랢뢴퓓닺욷쾵춳뗄튻듳헏낭쫇랢햹맽돌훐쏦쇙뗄뷸죫뇚생.죎뫎뿉틔붵뗍웳튵뷸죫뗄뿉쓜탔ꆢ뷸죫랶캧뫍뷸죫쯙뛈뗄틲쯘뚼쫴폚뷸죫뇚생뗄랶캧,ퟮ믹놾뗄뷸죫뇚생닺짺폚폻뷸죫닺튵놾짭뗄믹놾쳘탔,벴뷸죫쒳튻쳘뚨닺튵쪱폶떽뗄뺭볃헏낭틔벰뿋럾헢킩헏낭쯹떼훂뗄돉놾쳡룟,냼삨벼쫵ꆢ돉놾ꆢ쿻럑헟욫뫃ꆢ맦쒣뺭볃뫍쫐뎡죝솿뗈랽쏦뗄헏낭.훐맺웳튵퓚뒴탂횮돵쏦뛔맺췢뺺헹뛔쫖헆컕ퟅ탐튵뗄뫋탄벼쫵,햼쇬ퟅ훷쇷쫐뎡,펵폐돤ퟣ뗄뒴탂풴,퓚훐맺웳튵뫍폻뷸죫뗄쒿뇪쫐뎡횮볤릹훾쇋뷸죫뇚생.뛔폚뒦폚벼쫵ힷ룏맽돌훐뗄훐맺웳튵뛸퇔,쫗쿈뇘탫뿬쯙ꆢ폐킧뗘폢풽뷸죫뇚생,늢퓚쒿뇪닺튵햼폐튻쾯횮뗘;럱퓲,쪵쿖ퟔ훷뒴탂뗄얬솦붫쪧좥ퟮ믹놾뗄잰쳡.샻믹닟싔쫇훂솦폚뾪랢뢴퓓닺욷쾵춳뗄훐맺웳튵폢풽뷸죫뇚생뗄폐킧춾뺶.ꋙ훐맺뻞듳뗄쫐뎡맦쒣뫍탨쟳뛠퇹탔캪놾췁웳튵톰헒샻믹쫐뎡ꆢ릹붨ퟔ훷뗄닺욷룅쓮쳡릩쇋잰쳡쳵볾,헢튻ꆰ듳맺킧펦ꆱ쫇뻸듳뛠쫽랢햹훐맺볒쯹늻뻟놸뗄,튲쫇훐맺웳튵뇘탫헤쫓뫍샻폃뗄;ꋚ뛔폚랢듯맺볒웳튵,랢햹훐맺볒쫐뎡뒦폚듎튪뗄캻훃,헢킩웳튵퓚뷸죫헢킩쫐뎡쪱,춨뎣쟣쿲폚틽죫틑폐뗄닺욷,뛸늻쫇헫뛔랢햹훐맺볒뗄탨쟳뾪랢닺욷;ꋛ훐맺쫇튻룶샺쪷폆뻃뗄듳맺,쫐뎡탨쟳뻟폐쏷쿔뗄쏱ퟥ쳘뗣,맺췢웳튵헫뛔훐맺쫐뎡쳘뗣뷸탐쫊펦탔뗷헻듦퓚훍뫳웚,뛸훐맺웳튵쫬쾤놾췁쫐뎡뗄쿻럑쾰맟ꆢ쪹폃뮷뺳ꆢ컄뮯뫍램싉.평폚듦퓚틔짏틲쯘,훐맺웳튵뿉틔춨맽톡퓱짐캴뫜뫃싺ퟣ뫍햼쇬뗄샻믹쫐뎡,춻웆뷸죫뇚생뗄놡죵뮷뷚,복짙뷸죫쒿뇪닺튵뗄쓑뛈.샻믹닟싔뮹뿉틔복짙퓚랢햹돵웚춬뺺헹뛔쫖헽쏦돥춻뗄뿉쓜탔.훐맺웳튵퓚랢햹돵웚폫맺췢뺺헹뛔쫖,폈웤쫇뿧맺릫쮾쿠뇈듦퓚쏷쿔뗄닮뻠,죧맻듋쪱폫맺췢뺺헹뛔쫖퓚훷쇷쫐뎡뷸탐헽쏦뺺헹,붫뒦폚벫뛋늻샻뗄첬쫆.킡웳튵뗄폅쫆퓚폚붫벼쫵폫쳘쫢폃뮧뗄탨쟳욥엤웰살[17],랽헽
28퇐뺿폫랢햹맜샭뗚19뻭ꆡ퓚벼쫵믹뒡벰뒴탂풴뒦폚쇓쫆뗄쟩뿶쿂,헫뛔훐컄벤맢헕업쾵춳뾪햹벼쫵뒴탂,싺ퟣ샻믹쫐뎡뗄쳘쫢탨쟳,좡뗃뻖늿뗄뺺헹폅쫆.뛀쳘뗄몺ퟖ컄뮯훽돉쇋튻뗀쳬좻웁헏,맺췢뺺헹뛔쫖쓑틔싺ퟣ쫐뎡뛔훐컄벤맢헕업쾵춳뗄탨쟳,랽헽듓뛸뇜쏢쇋퓚랢햹돵웚폫웤헽쏦돥춻.틲듋,샻믹닟싔캪웳튵뗄퓧웚랢햹펮뗃쇋쪱볤,폐훺폚웳튵퓚쒿뇪닺튵햼폐튻쾯횮뗘.312ꆡ틔벼쫵벯돉췆뚯뢴퓓닺욷쾵춳뒴탂캪쇋싺ퟣ샻믹쫐뎡뗄탨쟳,웳튵탨튪룹뻝웤탨쟳쳘뗣탎돉ퟔ훷뗄닺욷룅쓮.뛸뢴퓓닺욷쾵춳뒴탂쯹탨벼쫵뗄맣뛈뫍짮뛈뻹뎬맽튻냣닺욷,짙쫽벸쿮벼쫵뗄좱쪧뻍믡떼훂헻룶닺욷뒴탂쓑틔쪵쿖,벴쫜훆폚쯹캽ꆰ쒾춰킧펦ꆱ.폈웤퓚벼쫵믹뒡뫍뒴탂풴뒦폚쇓쫆뗄놳뺰쿂,ꆰ쒾춰킧펦ꆱ뛔훐맺웳튵ퟔ훷뒴탂뗄냭뇭쿖뗃룼캪춻돶.샽죧,뮪맢ꋱ쯤좻퓚맘볼뗄몺ퟖퟖ탎탅쾢톹쯵폫뮹풭벼쫵짏좡뗃춻웆,떫헕업뿘훆웷닉폃맺닺뗄킡맦쒣벯돉뗧슷,쾵춳컈뚨탔닮,듯늻떽쪵폃뗄돌뛈.쯦ퟅ쫀뷧뺭볃튻쳥뮯뗄짮죫랢햹,벼쫵살풴뗄뛠퇹뮯캪톡퓱뫍샻폃췢늿벼쫵쳡릩쇋뇣샻.뮪맢ꋴ뗄헕업뿘훆웷짏닉폃쇋맺췢뗄듳맦쒣벯돉뗧슷,춨맽췢늿벼쫵폫ퟔ훷뾪랢뗄뫋탄벼쫵퓚닺욷쾵춳닣듎짏뗄벯돉,쪹훐컄벤맢헕업쾵춳듯떽쪵폃뮯.훐맺돌뿘붻뮻믺탐튵랢햹뗄뺭퇩튲뇭쏷,벼쫵벯돉폐훺폚뿋럾뢴퓓닺욷쾵춳뾪랢뗄욿뺱[18].퓚훐맺웳튵헆뿘쾵춳짨볆뫍뫋탄벼쫵뗄믹뒡짏,춨맽벼쫵벯돉샻폃췢늿벼쫵풴,뻍폐뿉쓜퓚폫맺췢뛔쫖듦퓚뷏듳닮뻠뗄놳뺰쿂,쪵쿖뢴퓓닺욷쾵춳뗄ퟔ훷뒴탂,늢좡뗃훷떼닺욷뾪랢좫쇷돌뗄뺭퇩,뛸헢쫇웳튵쾵춳뾪랢쓜솦돉뎤뗄믹쪯.폐맘닺욷뗄횪쪶럖캪죽샠:ꋙ쫴폚늻춬뿆톧뫍벼쫵쇬폲뗄풪볾횪쪶;ꋚ붨릹횪쪶,쫇붫풪볾솬뷓웰살릹돉헻룶쾵춳뗄횪쪶;ꋛ쾵춳횪쪶,벴맘폚쾵춳룷늿럖횮볤쿠뮥ퟷ폃ꆢ탎돉랴삡뗄횪쪶[19].폫헢킩횪쪶쿠뛔펦,뿉틔붫벼쫵쓜솦뮮럖캪풪볾닣듎뗄쓜솦뫍붨릹폫쾵춳닣듎뗄쓜솦.퓚벼쫵벯돉뗄맽돌훐,웳튵훷떼닺욷뾪랢뗄쇷돌,뿉틔뛔뾪랢쇷돌뫍쇬폲횪쪶폐좫뻖ꆢ헻쳥뗄죏쪶,늢쟒믱뗃쇋뷓뒥뫍쇋뷢짐늻헆컕뗄쇬폲횪쪶뗄믺믡[20],춨맽닺욷쾵춳닣듎뗄ꆰ룉훐톧ꆱ듙뷸쾵춳뾪랢쓜솦뗄돉뎤.폫듋탎돉쿊쏷뛔헕뗄쫇,퓚벼쫵틽뷸쳵볾쿂,웳튵뻖쿞폚쳘뚨닺욷쾵춳쿂뗄룄뷸뫍쒣럂,벼쫵톧쾰랢짺퓚닺욷풪볾닣듎,웳튵쓑틔짮죫쇋뷢뫍헆컕닺욷뾪랢쯹탨뗄쾵춳뫍붨릹횪쪶,좱랦믺믡랢햹쾵춳뾪랢쓜솦.평폚훷떼쇋닺욷뾪랢쇷돌,엠폽쇋웳튵뗄쾵춳뾪랢쓜솦,폐훺폚돖탸뗄벼쫵톧쾰뫍퇐뺿뾪랢.튻랽쏦,웳튵쓜릻뛔ퟔ짭뗄늻ퟣ폐좫쏦쇋뷢뫍쟥탑죏쪶,쪹뗃뫳탸뗄벼쫵톧쾰뫍퇐뺿뾪랢폐쏷좷뗄떼쿲탔,샽죧,헫뛔뮪맢ꋱ업냦죭볾릦쓜늻췪짆뗄좱쿝,뾪랢돶뿆벼업냦죭볾,쯼쓜릻랽뇣뛸맦랶뗘업펡뢴퓓뗄릫쪽ꆢ럻뫅뫍뇭룱,뷸뛸뾪랢돶붻뮥쪽업냦죭볾.쇭튻랽쏦,평폚웳튵헆컕쇋닺욷뾪랢뗄훷뚯좨,뿉틔룹뻝벼쫵뗄랢햹뫍쫐뎡뗄뇤뮯,훷뚯뾪햹퇐뺿폫뾪랢.ퟜ횮,벼쫵벯돉늻떫폐훺폚웳튵뿋럾ꆰ쒾춰킧펦ꆱ뗄냭,쪵쿖뢴퓓닺욷쾵춳ퟔ훷뒴탂,뛸쟒퓚헢튻맽돌훐,쪹웳튵좡뗃훷떼닺욷뾪랢쇷돌뗄뺭퇩,듙뷸쾵춳뾪랢쓜솦뗄돉뎤,뾪햹폐쏷좷떼쿲뗄ꆢퟔ훷뗄벼쫵톧쾰뫍퇐뺿뾪랢,캪ퟔ훷뒴탂뗄짮죫뾪햹뒴퓬쇋쳵볾.313ꆡ탎돉쫐뎡췘햹뫍닺욷뒴탂뗄솼탔뮥뚯퓚뢴퓓닺욷쾵춳헢튻훷튪릤튵뮯맺볒뎤웚햼뻝훷떼뗘캻뗄쇬폲,훐맺웳튵튪좡뗃ퟔ훷뒴탂뗄짌튵돉릦,뇘탫뷸탐돖탸뗄ꆢ룟잿뛈뗄춶죫,뛸샻믹닟싔뿉틔캪듋쳡릩폐킧뗄횧돖.샻믹닟싔쫇튻룶ퟔ쿂뛸짏뗄맽돌,틔싺ퟣ튻킡늿럖폃뮧뗄탨쟳캪솢ퟣ뗣,훰늽쟐죫떽튻룶뷏듳쫐뎡훐좥[21].퓚샻믹쫐뎡좡뗃뺺헹폅쫆뫳,웳튵늻떫믱좡쇋횧돖벼쫵뒴탂뗄풴,뛸쟒벼쫵쓜솦ꆢ쫐뎡럝뛮ꆢ탎쿳뫍짹폾뗃떽늻뛏쳡짽;춬쪱,퓚헢튻맽돌훐,웳튵춨맽ꆰ룉훐톧ꆱ,돖탸뾪랢돶벼쫵탔쓜쳡룟ꆢ쫊
ꆡ뗚3웚헅쏗뛻뗈:뢴퓓닺욷쾵춳뒴탂뗄샻믹닟싔퇐뺿29폃쏦삩햹뗄쾵쇐닺욷,훰늽뷸죫뫍햼쇬뛠풪쫐뎡.샻믹닟싔뗄쪵쪩엠퇸쇋웳튵뗄쾵쇐뾪랢쓜솦,췘햹쇋웳튵뗄벼쫵쫓튰,벼쫵쓜솦뫍헻쳥쪵솦뗃떽늻뛏믽샛뫍쳡짽,퓚헢튻맽돌훐,웳튵벯돉췢늿벼쫵뗄쓜솦늻뛏퓶잿.춨맽돖탸뗄벼쫵벯돉,웳튵쓜릻폐킧펦뛔벼쫵뫍쫐뎡뗄뚯첬랢햹,뛔폚뷸죫룼맣삫뗄쫐뎡믱좡돖탸뺺헹폅쫆튲쫇폐틦뗄.놱듳랽헽돉릦뾪랢뮪맢ꋴ횮뫳,춨맽돖탸뗄벯돉뒴탂,퇐훆돶튻쾵쇐탂닺욷,붫쫽ퟖ볓췸뫍닊즫맜샭벼쫵폫헕업벼쫵헻뫏뾪랢돶닊즫펡쮢쾵춳,붫쏦쿲뛔쿳벼쫵폫업냦죭볾뷴쏜벯돉뾪랢돶죕컄돶냦쾵춳,듓싺ퟣ훐컄돶냦쫐뎡탨쟳쿲싺ퟣ몣췢쫐뎡탨쟳맽뛉,훰늽랢햹캪맺볊훷쇷뗄릩펦짌,뛸헢튻쟐뗄잰쳡쫇퓚샻믹쫐뎡훐랢햹ힳ듳뗄웳튵벼쫵쓜솦.쫐뎡췘햹뫍닺욷뒴탂뗄솼탔뮥뚯뮹좡뻶폚웳튵뗄햽싔풶볻.뷰(KimL)뗄퇐뺿뇭쏷,몫맺웻뎵ꆢ뗧ퟓ뫍냫떼쳥뗈닺튵틔쳴햽탔뗄햽싔쒿뇪볓쯙벼쫵톧쾰맽돌,쳴햽탔뗄햽싔쒿뇪쓜룸웳튵벰룶죋쪩볓잿듳뗄톹솦,듓뛸볓뿬웳튵뗄벼쫵톧쾰맽돌[22].훐컄벤맢헕업쾵춳뗄닺욷뒴탂뫍쫐뎡췘햹튲뇭쏷,퓚헽좷뗄웳튵햽싔횸틽쿂,샻믹닟싔뗄쪵쪩붫탎돉ꆰ맶톩쟲ꆱ킧펦,웳튵닺욷탔쓜뗄쳡룟췆뚯쫐뎡뗄췘햹뫍웳튵맦쒣뗄삩헅,뛸쫐뎡뗄췘햹뫍웳튵맦쒣뗄삩헅캪벼쫵뒴탂쳡릩풴놣헏,춨맽벼쫵뒴탂늻뛏췪짆닺욷벼쫵탔쓜,췘햹닺욷쫊폃랶캧,듓뛸탎돉쫐뎡췘햹뫍닺욷뒴탂뗄솼탔뮥뚯.4ꆡ믹폚샻믹닟싔뗄뢴퓓닺욷쾵춳뒴탂쒣탍믹폚샻믹닟싔뗄랢햹맽돌,듓쫐뎡랢햹뷇뛈뛸퇔,붫뺭샺듓뷸죫ꆢ햼쇬샻믹쫐뎡떽훰늽뷸죫뛠풪쫐뎡뗄맽돌;듓닺욷뒴탂뗄뷇뛈뛸퇔,쫗쿈,헫뛔쒿뇪쫐뎡뗄쳘뚨탨쟳,탎돉ퟔ훷뗄닺욷룅쓮,뛸캪쪵쿖ퟔ훷뗄닺욷룅쓮,탨튪뾪랢헫뛔탔뗄벼쫵,늢폫췢늿벼쫵뷸탐닺욷쾵춳닣듎뗄벯돉(닎볻춼2).퓚듋믹뒡짏,웳튵붫듓샻믹쫐뎡믱좡뗄뒴탂풴춶죫돖탸뗄퇐뺿뾪랢,뾪랢돶벼쫵탔쓜쳡룟ꆢ쫊폃쏦삩햹뗄닺춼2ꆡ믹폚샻믹닟싔뗄뢴퓓닺욷쾵춳뒴탂쒣탍욷,틔싺ퟣ뛠퇹뮯뗄쫐뎡탨쟳,퓚헢튻맽돌훐ꆡTheinnovationmodelofCoPSinnovation웳튵튲훰늽뻟놸퓚룼맣삫뗄쫐뎡쇬폲뺺헹뗄basedonnichestrategy쓜솦.닎ꆡ뾼ꆡ컄ꆡ쿗[1]ꆡ,innovationandindustrialorganization[J].ResearchPolicy,1998,26(6):689ꆪ710.[2]ꆡHobdayM,RushH,[J].ResearchPolicy,2000,29(7/8):793ꆪ804.[3]ꆡHansenKL,:Emergingissuesininnovationmanage2ment[J].Technovation,1998,18(8/9):555ꆪ561.[4]ꆡAchaV,DaviesA,HobdayM,:ComplexproductsystemsintheUK[J].IndustrialandCorporateChange,2005,13(3):505ꆪ529.
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ꆡ뗚3웚헅쏗뛻뗈:뢴퓓닺욷쾵춳뒴탂뗄샻믹닟싔퇐뺿31ResearchontheNicheStrategyofInnovationinComplexProductsandSystemZHANGMi2er,TIANDan(SchoolofManagement,DalianUniversityofTechnology,Dalianꆡ116023,China)Abstract:Theresearchaimsatfindingeffectiveapproachforindependentinnovationincomplexproductsandsystems(CoPS),thetypicalcaseofinnovationinCoPSisstudied,,,:CoPS;nichestrategy;technologyintegration;independentinnovation(짏뷓뗚16튳)AConceptModelofKnowledgeChainandIntegrationManagementFrameworkforModularityInnovationLUOPin2liang,YINHua2xiang(SchoolofManagement,FudanUniversity,Shanghaiꆡ200433,China)Abstract:Modularityisawaytodissolvecomplexsystem,,includingknowl2edgeacquisition,knowledgeselection,knowledgeinternalization,knowledgegenerationandknowledgeex2ter2nalization,and4secondaryactivities,includingknowledgeleadership,knowledgecoordination,,,togetherwithacaseofCMI,:modularityinnovation;knowledgechain;conceptmodel;integrationmanagementframework
