ֻ8जֻ2௹۽ြ۽ӱ୍3ᄅIndustrialEngineeringJournalMarch2005ࠎႿ॥ᇅં֥VSMଆؓఒြ֥ܵᆐ؎ݒѢ,ӧ Ⴇ(ᇗ౩Ⴏ࿐ჽሱ߄࿐ჽ,ᇗ౩400065)ᅋေ:ࢺകਔVSMଆ֥ࢲܒaᄎྛࠏᇅၛࠣႪᄀྟ,བྷ༥ٳ༅ਔVSMଆؓఒြ֥ܵᆐ؎ۿି,หљбࢠਔႋႨVSMଆࣉྛᆐ؎భުఒြܵ෮ԩ֥҂ሑbVSMଆิ܂֥ᆐ؎ٚσննิۚਔఒြ໗קྟaളթྟࠣᄎቔིੱ,ఒြऎСሱቆᆮି৯bܱՍ:॥ᇅં;ॖളթ༢ଆ;ࢊׄ༢;ܵ࿐;ሱቆᆮ༢ᇏٳোݼ:TP301 ໓ངѓ്:A ໓ᅣщݼ:1007 7375(2005)02 0074 05DiagnosisofEnterpriseManagementBasedonVSMModelofCyberneticsGUOBing qing,CHENYong(AutomationCollege,ChongqingUniversityofPostandTelecommunications,Chongqing400065,China)Abstract:Thispaperintroducesthestructure,workingmechanismandsuperiorityofVSMmodel,,viabilityandworkefficiencyofenterprises,:cybernetics;viablesystemsmodel;system in focus;management;autonomoussystem ఏჷႿ20ൗࡀ40୍ս֥॥ᇅંᄝࣂ฿ၘ֤֞ਔVSMଆؓఒြܵᇏ෮թᄝ֥рѨ֥ᆐ؎ۿॢభؿᅚ,ၘФܼٗႋႨႿ۽ြa୪ြaഠ߶༢a၄ିbVSMଆิ܂֥ᆐ؎ٚσିิۚఒြሱቆᆮିਏളaದ۽ᇆି֩ᇙ؟ਵთbಖط,॥ᇅંᄝఒြ৯,ఒြ໗קྟaളթྟࠣᄎቔིੱ֤֞ཁᇷڿቆᆮܵٚ૫֥ႋႨಯಖ൞၂۱ࢠྍ֥ज़ีbؓႿbԮ֥ܵط,ܵ࿐ᇶေ൞ၛᆰཌ֥ٚمটൌീ၂ུܵҦ,ᆃᇕܵٚൔສສ߶֝ᇁ1 ࠎႿ॥ᇅં֥VSMଆིੱ֮༯֥ࢲݔbೂݔିࡼ॥ᇅં֥නົٚمაّ VSMଆۀඍঌҦႋႨႿܵ࿐,ؓܵഈ֥ಌཊ҂؎֥๙ݖ20ൗࡀ50୍ս,ႇݓ॓࿐ࡅStaffordBeerิԛّঌ֥ٚൔটྩᆞ,ིܵݔࡼ߶൙϶ۿПbᄝݓਔॖളթ༢(VSM)ѩࡹ৫ਔVSMଆbVSMંຓ࣮ᆃٚ૫֥ંऎႵ၂ק֥ࠎԤ,২ೂॖളթՖඋႿ༢,ં൞ᄎႨ॥ᇅંනམ࣮ቆᆮᄎቔ֥༢ଆ(ViableSystemsModel,ࡥӫVSM)ࣼ൞ׅٚم,ᇶေ࣮ቆᆮೂޅᄝऎႵۚ؇؟ဢྟބگᄖսіbطᄝݓቓᆃٚ૫࣮ંᇷѩ҂؟,ᆺႵྟ֥ߌᇏЌӻ໗קؿᅚ[1]bഒਈ໓ངંඍਔ॥ᇅંᄝܵ࿐ഈ֥ႋႨbᄝՎМ VSMଆࢲܒაۿିࣟ༯,гᆀၛႄࣉྍܴაྍනົູሷᆻ,ؓࠎႿ॥VSMิ܂ਔ၂ᇕॿࡏଆ[2](ೂ1),ࡼቆᆮुᇅં֥VSMଆࣉྛਔಆ૫֥ٳ༅,ѩၛൌ২ඪૼቔ၂۱ྐ༏ԩ༢,ҐႨ॥ᇅં֥ٚمٳ༅ቆᆮ൬۠ರ௹:2004 02 19ࠎࣁሧᇹ:ᇗ౩Ⴏ࿐ჽሱಖ॓࿐ࠎࣁሧᇹཛଢቔᆀࡥࢺ:ݒѢ(1975 ),୯,༆༆νದ,ණൖ࣮ള,࣮ٚཟູ॥ᇅંაႋႨ.
ֻ2௹ݒѢ,ӧ Ⴇ:ࠎႿ॥ᇅં֥VSMଆؓఒြ֥ܵᆐ؎75ބߌ֥ཌྷቔႨbՖ1ॖၛुԛ,VSMଆᇶေႮᄎቔ҆ٳaն༢ބຓࢸߌ҆ٳቆӮ,ᄎቔ҆ٳᆳྛಆ҆ࠎЧ۽ቔ,ॖၛ߃ٳູ၂ུཌྷ৫֥ሰሱቆᆮ༢;ն༢ູᄎቔ҆ٳิ܂ڛༀ,ၛಒЌᆜ۱ቆᆮၛଖᇕᆜކ֥ٚمླྀ۽ቔb1 VSMଆࢲܒ၇ऌVSM,ં၂۱Ⴊਅ֥ܵቆᆮႋऎႵ5۱ሰ༢,۲ሱۿିೂ༯2 VSMଆᄎྛࠏᇅჰ[3]:༢1:ൌീۿ,ିᆳྛቆᆮ֥ࠎЧྛݖۋႋఖϜՎྐ༏Ԯ־۳अ҆ܵఖ1Ab1Aᆌؓ,൞ᆇᆞ ቓ ൙౦֥҆ٳ,ૄ۱ᄎቔ҆ٳႚႵሱᇶಃھэ߄ቔԛטᆜ,ѩϜؓႋҦԮ־۳A,ՖطЌӻ,ཁགྷਔॖളթ༢֥5ཛۿ,ିᆜ۱༢൞־݂ᆳྛఃअ҆໗ק,ྟఃྐ༏ੀӱູ:2A(A(1Abಖط1A֥bᇅק֥טᆜҦࣇ൞ᆌؓA,֥ສສ߶აఃअ҆༢ܵఖᇅק֥טᆜҦؿളԊb༢2ิ܂ਔࢳ2:ླྀטۿ,ି֒༢1ᇏؿളԊൈ,༢2ିླྀטѩࢳथᆃུԊ,ѩಞ༢3ࡓ॥ބླྀט༢थԊ֥ࠏᇅ,ླྀטૄ۱अ҆ܵఖ֥ൻԛҦ,ᄝЌᆣᆜ۱ᄎቔ҆ٳಆ҆ྛູླྀט၂ᇁ֥భิ༯,ؓ1ᇏ֥ࠃѩЌӻ༢໗קྟb༢ૄ၂۱ሰሱቆᆮ༢֥ሱᇶಃഡקਔ၂קཋᇅb3:॥ᇅۿ,ିؓଽ҆ߌൌീטᆜބ॥ᇅ,ࢳ༢4ބ༢5֥थҦࠣྐ༏֥ᆜކაݖੲb༢3*൞༢3ബ࠹ਫ਼ࣥ,ᆰࢤࡓ๐ބ॥ᇅ༢༢1֥ྛູb༢3ࡓ॥ބླྀט༢1ᇏ֥ࠃ,ߎ4:ᇆିۿ,ିڵᄳܴҳຓ҆ߌ֥э߄,ᇅקໃট࠹߃ބყҩໃটэ߄,ൈࡓ॥ቆᆮଽ҆ྛॖၛ๋ݖ༢4ࡼᇗေྐ༏ᆰࢤԮ־۳༢5b༢4ࡓ൪ѩყҩᆜ۱ຓ҆ߌ֥э߄,ѩϜ༢3,ູቆᆮൡႋຓ҆ߌэ߄طЌӻॖളթྟb༢5:ᆟҦۿ,ିڵᄳᇅקቆᆮ֥ᆜุᆟҦԮ־ഈট֥႕ཙଽ҆໗ק֥ྐ༏აটሱຓ҆ߌ֥,ޙ༢3ა༢4ᆭࡗ֥ࢌቔႨbྐ༏ཌྷᆜކbಖުϜླေࠣൈԩ֥ྐ༏Ԯ־۳༢3,Ⴎ༢3॥ᇅᄎቔ҆ٳቓԛཌྷܱэ߄,Ϝ႕ཙ VSMଆ֥ᄎྛࠏᇅ[4]VSMଆՖࢲܒഈॖ߃ٳູ۱҆ٳ:ն༢aቆᆮӉჹؿᅚ֥ྐ༏Ԯ־۳༢5ബb༢5ᆺᄎቔ҆ٳބຓ҆ߌbՖۿିഈॖ߃ٳູਆ۱ҪႵᄝ༢3a4ᆟҦാਲൈҌۄყቆᆮᄎቔ,ڵᄳՑᇅקቆᆮ֥ᆜุᆟҦb:༢1a2a3ູࢠ֮ҪՑ,ڵᄳቆᆮଽ҆໗קྟ;༢4a5ູࢠۚҪՑ,ڵᄳቆᆮളթྟbೂ2෮ VSMଆ֥ႪᄀྟൕVSMଆԮ֥ᆰཌܵॿࡏཌྷб,ऎႵ,༢1(ࠧᄎቔ҆ٳ)ᇏЇݣਔAა1A֩3ؓሰሱቆᆮ༢b1Aa1Ba1C൞༢1ᇏ֥अ҆ܵఖၛ༯၂ུႪ൝:ିϜቆᆮࡥჿ߄Ԏའ ູߌ-ᄎቔ,AaBaC൞ఃؓႋ֥ሰᄎቔ҆ٳ,2Aa2Ba2C൞ؓႋ֥ᆀ-ܵ ,ѩЌӻᆃᆀޙ;ऎႵࢠ఼֥ሱअ҆ߌb২ೂ,֒अ҆ߌ2Aؿളэ߄ൈᇶܵۿ,ିିޓݺ֥ิۚቆᆮ֥ᄎቔི;ੱऎႵޓ,A๙
76۽ ြ ۽ ӱֻ8ज֥ۚૹۋ,ྟ๙ݖն༢ؓଽຓ҆ߌྐ༏ࣉྛᆜದಪູᆃ൞ؓࠢሧჷބሧࣁ֥ٳބশٮb໓ऎކ,ᇅקԛ۷ऎൡႋྟ֥ᆟҦ;ିޓݺّ֥႘༢֥ӌჴ۽ၹՎطൖగ֮༯b؟ဢྟބӻࣲྟ;ିิ܂ؓቆᆮ֥ಆ૫නॉ,ิ܂ؓXYুࠢ܄ඳᇶေ֥ࣜᆯᄳೂ༯෮ඍ:ቆᆮหᆘaଁჷၛࠣ॥ᇅބྐ༏ੀ֥བྷ࣐ඪૼ;ऎA:ڵᄳࠢଽ܄ܱa࣋ശ֩൙ༀbሢᇗႿXYႵܼ֥ٗൡႨྟ,ൡކႿ۲ᇕܿଆ֥ቆᆮ;൞ਔࢳቆऒু҆aXYџܶބডᄅܻҔ๏֥ܵbᆮࢲܒބٳ༅ቆᆮ໙ี֥Ⴕི۽ऎbB:XYऒু҆ބܾაܳࣵϔ֥ࣜbC:൞B֥ᇹ,ൈڣᇹGބA۽ቔb2 ႋႨVSMଆؓఒြܵࣉྛᆐ؎D:ࢳथ၂Ϯ࣯ٴ,॥ᇅಆ҆ࣵϔ,ڵᄳXYџܶႋႨ֥߶ၰഡᇂ,N൧֥Ќਭ౯ܶbVSMଆॖၛؓఒြܵࣉྛᆐ؎,ࡼၘႵఒြᇏ֥۲۱҆ٳοᅶVSMଆ֥ေ߃ٳ֞E:XYџ֥ܶҔ๏ࣜb5۱ሰ༢ᇏ,ࡼ߃ٳު֥ൌ࠽ଆაF:ڵᄳXYџ֥ܶרٜ,ٜༀܵ,ڵᄳM൧෮VSMམଆཌྷؓᅶ,ॖၛ؎ఒြᄝ໗קྟࠣॖളթྟٚ૫෮Ⴕᄎႏཛଢ֥ሧԥСbఴಌ֥ჭG:აC܋ࣜႏডᄅܻҔ๏,ൈླྀᇹԩ,Ֆطູఒြิԛࢲܒࠣܵٚم֥ᆐ؎ٚσ,ູఒြ֥໗קྟaളթྟބིۚྟิ܂ЏXYऒু֥҆൙ༀbࡹၰbH:ଆหؒ࢝bၛJ:໓ऎӌӌӉbXYুࠢ܄ඳູ২ඪૼႋႨVSMଆؓఒြܵቔԛᆐ؎֥ݖӱbK:ࠢჴ۽,۽ቔᆯᄳ҂ౢ༉bࣜҪ۽ቔಣ౦ѩ҂ۚb࣐ܵૄ۱ە໊ቋԚ XYুࠢ܄ඳМࣟሧਘႵૡ֥ە໊૭ඍ,൞ᆃᇕ૭ඍޓॹᄝ܄ඳ٤ᆞXYুࠢ܄ඳ൞ႮXაY܋Ϸ֥,ཛଢႵM൧֥XYऒু҆aXYџܶaܾაܳࣵϔaডൔ֥۽ቔٲຶᇏຐࢳਔbႮႿXაY֥ݖ؟ۄട,ᄅܻҔ๏ބYԷϷ֥ଆหؒބ໓ऎӌࣜૌӈӈۋ֞҂ॖିᆞӈࣉྛ۽ቔbૌ҂ᆩ֡,N൧֥XYႋࣼଧུٚ૫აXބ ࠇYࣉྛ๙,҂ᆩ֡۽ቔြЌਭ౯ܶࠣP൧֥ۚغڏ౯ӆbXYऒু҆൞ቋ༵ࠛѓሙ൞હ,҂ౢԣᄝหקൈࡗଽႋھቓહbԷϷ֥,֥ӮۿູXYџܶaܾაܳࣵϔ֥ԔંૌམҐ౼ޅྍईծсྶ༵ཟXࠇYണࡹิ܂ਔሧࣁ,ಖطႮႿޭ൪୍ܵ࣍টӵ൳֥౨,ᄝ֤֞ሙၛުҌି֤ၛൌീ,ၹՎૌϜԩࣩᆚ৯ᄀটᄀնbXYџܶ൞၂ቖၛഅြ߶ၰބݺაഈ֥ܱࠩ༢ुቔ൞۽ቔᇏቋᇗေ֥൙b֖ۚҔ๏طԛࣵbܾაܳࣵϔ൞୍ູದ ၇ऌVSMଆؓXYুࠢ܄ඳࣉྛᆐ؎ิ܂གྷӆၻুބְථ֥॓ൈഉࣵϔbডᄅܻҔ๏ႮМࣟሧਘॖᆩھ֥ࠢᄎቔܵթᄝྸ؟໙൞۱ູܤग़ิ܂ૅൊაீ֥ࣵҔ๏b,ีఒြ໗קྟބളթྟ҂ିದડၩbགྷ၇ऌX൞֥ࠢ෮Ⴕᆀ,൞۱ԉડۄ࣑֥ఒြࡅbVSMଆؓఃࣉྛᆐ؎,҄ᇧೂ༯:֥۽ቔٚمбࢠબሏ,ቓथקᇶေौყۋط҂൞ֻ၂:҄ಒקࢊׄ༢൧ӆטҰbෙಖغ္ܱᇿགྷႵ֥ളၩ,֥ႨVSMંؓଖ၂۱҆ٳࣉྛ࣮,ھ҆ٳࣼն҆ٳൈࡗބࣚ৯ߎ൞ᄝ࿙ྍࠏმഈbაYӫູࢊׄ༢bXYুࠢࣜႏთടࠣM൧aNીႵૼಒ֥ٳ۽,ૌᆭࡗ๙҂ቀbႮX֥ྖ൧ބP൧,ၛXYুࠢ܄ඳቔູ־݂0,ၛM൧౿ބܵڄ۬෮ᇀ,ఒြᄎႏ֥ྸ؟۽ቔࣼሱಖሇࣜႏཛଢቔູࢊׄ༢־݂1ࣉྛ࣮b၍۳ਔYbY֥ᆯᄳીႵౢ༉֥קၬ,ෲؓ܄ඳ൙ༀֻؽ:҄ؓࢊׄ༢ࣉྛᆐ؎֥ܵᇶေ൞ࠎႿܴҳބᆰत,ط҂൞ࠎႿޅҩ၇ऌVSMଆჰϜࢊׄ༢ᇏ෮Ⴕᄎቔܵਈѓሙbෲڵᄳࢳथ܄ඳଽ֥෮Ⴕ໙,ี༏οఃۿି߃ٳ֞5۱ሰ༢ᇏ֤֞3bᇏሳ܄ඳଽ҆۲ࣜᆭࡗ֥࣯ٴ,ٳ܄ඳሧჷ֩֩bYଛսіࢫᇏ෮ඍ۲ࣜ,ඔሳ1~5սі༢1ۋ֞৯ޓնࠞ؇স,Ⴍః൞֒ෲϜޓ؟ൈࡗ~5bႮ3ॖૄ۱ሰ༢թᄝሢӱ؇҂֥ᄝଆหؒބ໓ऎӌൈ۷ۋ֞ೂՎb໓ऎӌ൞Yྍಌཊ:࣍Ԕࡹ֥,֥ࡹ৫ᄝࣜҪᇏႄఏޓնೠ,ྸ؟༢1: ၂۱҆Ⴕ؟۱ܵᆀ,۲ܵᆀ
ֻ2௹ݒѢ,ӧ Ⴇ:ࠎႿ॥ᇅં֥VSMଆؓఒြ֥ܵᆐ؎77ቔՖطཤਔ༢5֥ۿିbֻ:҄၇ऌᆐ؎ࢲݔิԛᆜڿٚσھࢊׄ༢ᇏ෮Ⴕྐ༏౻֡҂ປᆜ,ྐ༏ഈྛބ༯ྛ҂๙ӎ,сྶࡹ৫ࢲܒ߄֥ྐ༏౻֡ϥຂଢభ٤ᆞൔ֥ྐ༏ࢌੀٚൔb5۱ሰ༢֥ᄳಃсྶૼಒ,൮༵ေૼಒࢊׄ༢ᇏ5۱ሰ༢ֹ໊֥b༢4a5҂ࢤ൬ݖ؟Ⴥྐ༏b༢5ህᇿႿࢊׄ༢ؿᅚᅞ,༢4ႋࡆ఼൧ӆטҰaყҩٚ૫֥۽ቔb༢3ᄝԉٳࢳ༢4a5ᆟҦ֥ࠎԤഈ,Ϝࢊׄ༢ሹ֥ᆟҦ߃ٳӮ҂֥ሰଢѓٳ۳༢1ᇏཌྷႋ֥҆,ູ༢1ᇏ۲҆ᇅקૼಒ֥۽ቔଢѓ,ѩ๙ݖᇅקყෘaٳሧჷބק௹ဒ֩ബ࠹൭؍ؓ༢1ࣉྛ॥ᇅb༢3۳Ⴭ༢1ቀܔ֥ሱᇶಃ,ࣇؓ༢1֥ᄎቔࣉྛሹุഈ֥Ϝ3ط҂ۄടఃऎุ༥ࢫᄎቔbູࡨY֥۽ቔ VSMଆؓXYুࠢ܄ඳ֥ᆐ؎ႮႿ҂ᆩ֡۽ቔѓሙطᄯӮᆯᄳ߃ٳ҂ૼ;۲҆৯,ಞKླྀYᆳྛ༢3֥ۿିbଢభࢊׄ༢ಌكቀܔ֥अ҆ܵᇏ༢2ۿିીႵ֤֞ൡֹ֒ᆳ,ྛႋᄹࡆק௹҆,ളթି৯֮༯;ა۷ۚҪܵᆀ֥๙൞ಖ֥;ႮႿഈࠩؓ۽ቔӈӈۄടطӁࣜ২߶܄ඳᆟҦa۲҆Ӯϧࣜဒބ࠹߃ծളྸ؟ჼగbീ֩ᇗေྐ༏֤ၛႵི๙,сေൈߎॖࡆष২ຓ༢߶ၰb๙ݖࡹ৫ൡ֥֒ࡎุ༢ބࠗৣࠏᇅটᄹࡆ2: ༢2֥ۿିᇶေႮYটᆳྛ,Xغ္ҕა,ᄝ҆০ၭؿളԊൈ,۲҆ࣜࣼ߶ჴ۽֥ఒြಪۋބ݂උۋb֤֞ሱᇶಃ֥༢1ႮႿაࡼӮູሱቆᆮ༢,༢ᇏ۲҆ٳٳ۽ૼಒ,ૄ၂ཛXބY֥ܱ༢҂طࠆ֤҂֥০ၭٳ;۲҆৫ᄎቔಌك๙,ಌك۽ቔ২߶֩ࠏᇅ;ႮҠቔႵህದህཛڵᄳb۽ቔѓሙૼಒ,अ҆ܵႿФఃದुቔ൞ؓࠢሧჷބሧࣁ֥ٳބশᆀ๙ݖሧࣁყෘaק௹۽ቔࡎa߭ܤ֩ٚൔؓ༢ٮ1ࣉྛअ҆॥ᇅܵbࡹ৫ሧჷഅၰࠏᇅ,༢3ᄝ,໓ऎӌჴ۽ൖగ֮༯;ܵҪᇏթᄝ௴ђ֥҉ၐ༢3: ༢3֥ۿିᇶေႮYᆳྛ,ఃᆳٳሧჷൈࡼሦ࿘༢1ᇏ۲֥ࣜၩbྛಏ൞ህᇅ֥,ᄎቔܿ߃ӈᄝໃა༢4෮ൕ൞ࣜݖᆜڿު֥ࢊׄ༢ൕၩb1ᇏࣜഅਈ֥౦ঃ༯ᇅק;ݖ؟ۄട༢1֥ࠎЧᄎቔ,֝ᇁ༢1ಌكअ֥҆ܵሱᇶಃ;ીႵູ༢1ᇏ۲҆קၬౢ༉֥ᆯᄳༀa۽ቔଢѓaြّࠛঌᇅ؇;֩ીႵᆇᆞ֥ബ࠹౻֡b༢4: Xᆺᆳྛਔ༢4ᇏ࿙ྍࠏმ֥ۿ,ିಏޭ൪ਔྸ؟۷ӈ֥ܿଽಸ,২ೂ൧ӆטҰ֩;ݖႿᇿᇗؿᅚط൪ଽ҆൙ༀ,മᇀ৵Y္ۋ֞ޓ۵ഈ܄ඳ֥ؿᅚࣉ؇b༢5: ༢5֥ۿିᇶေႮXᆳྛb༢5ႋھቔູ༢3ა༢4ᆭࡗ֥ᄴႪఖ,طႮႿھఒြᇏ༢5ޭ൪ਔ༢3֥ۿ,ିၹطఒြࠎЧഈႮ༢4౺;֥༢5ӈܿ౦ঃ༯҂ႋࢺೆ֮Ҫᄎቔ,ᆺႵᄝ༢3a4ᆟҦാਲൈҌۄყቆᆮᄎቔ,طھఒြᇏXބYࣜӈࢺೆ־݂ҪՑ4 ႨVSMଆؓXYুࠢ܄ඳ֥ᆜڿٚσ2a3֥ᄎ
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