ႏळᇏ֥ཨٮᆀଽࣽ۽അܵંંฆ.ᄅ~Ѿ..ದa,.,...၂x၂~Jesഈᆸ~aa.,ԷರቦࢡѾ.ה၂bൃѾ.*iܱؓ൙ࡱ֥ฐ෬ྟ࣮१ٮཁᆟႳဇٯဗߩנᒲڂᅋေ:Ч໓Ֆႏཧᆀބཨٮᆀ֥൪࢘ԛؿ,ؓ҂ဢЧ֥ཨٮᆀଽܱࣽ൙ࡱࣉྛਔฐ෬ྟ࣮b๙ݖܱؓ൙ࡱ֥щ,Ч໓֤֞ਔ҂૭ඍэਈᆭࡗॖିթᄝ֥ܱ৳ܱ༢b࣮ߎіૼ:ႏཧᆀ֥۲ᇕ҂ྛູ(ࠒࠞྛູࠇཨࠞྛູ)ॖିႄؿཨٮᆀଽࣽ౦࿂;ૌ࠻ॖିջটཨٮᆀଽࣽӱ؇֥ᄹࡆ,္ॖିࡨഒཨٮᆀଽࣽӱ؇;૫ਢଽࣽ౦࿂,ཨٮᆀႵ4ᇕ҂ّ֥ႋଆൔ,Ⴕّ֥ႋॖၛ۳ႏཧᆀջটᆞ૫֥ࢲݔ(՜ࣉྟଽࣽ,)Ⴕّུႋᄵॖିջটڵ૫ི֥ႋ(ၝᇅྟଽࣽ);ཨٮᆀଽࣽ౦࿂թᄝ၂۱ؿᅚ֥ݖӱ,ᄝᆃ۱ݖӱᇏ,ཨٮᆀଽ֥ࣽোॖିؿളэ߄,࠻ॖିՖԚ௹֥ၝᇅྟଽࣽሇ߄ູ՜ࣉྟଽࣽ,္ॖିཌྷّbܱՍ:ཨٮᆀଽࣽၝᇅྟଽࣽ՜ࣉྟଽܱࣽ൙ࡱم၂aႄཨٮᆀଽࣽ൞၂ᇕ௴ђթᄝ֥ཨٮᆀ౦ۋb(RichinS,1997)གྷႵ࣮іૼ:Ֆႏཧᆀ֥࢘؇ԛؿ,Ⴕིaൡ؇ֹϜཨٮᆀ֥ଽࣽྏ,ॖၛϺᇹႏཧᆀิۚႏཧི֥ݔ(Coulter&pinto,1995;Strahilevitz&Myers,1998;Sugarman,1999;Kivetz&Simonson,b2002)ಖط,ೂݔር༥ܴҳ,ૌ߶ؿགྷ,ളࠃᇏაཨٮཌྷܱ֥ଽࣽ൞ٳگᄖa؟ဢ֥,Ⴕൈമᇀ߶֝ᇁཌྷ؛֥іགྷbбೂ,Ⴕ֥ཨٮᆀၹູת༆طӁളଽࣽ౦࿂,Ֆطၝᇅਔཨٮრຬ;طႵ֥ཨٮᆀᄵ߶ၹູؓࡅದྏթଽࣽ(бೂӉൈࡗીႵதࡅದ,)طᄹࡆܓઙྛູ(бೂ,ູࡅದ࿊ܓυড়b)ᆃ,ဢ൞ଽࣽ,ֻ၂ᇕ౦ྙ߶ၝᇅཨٮ,ֻؽᇕ౦ᇏಏ՜ࣉਔཨٮbᄜбೂ,അࡅႵൈ߶๙ݖಣ౦a༥ᇁaᇛ֞,Ⴕൈമᇀ൞૧ٮ֥ڛༀಞཨٮᆀؓఃӁളଽࣽྏ,Ֆطᄹࡆᄝھഅࡅ֥ཨٮࠇؓః۷ᇑӴ;ᆃᇕଽ္ࣽॖି֝ᇁཨٮᆀၹູ҂ݺၩනطᄜ္҂ܻܤھ૫bᆃၩሢႏཧᆀ๙ݖᄹࡆཨٮᆀଽ֥ࣽٚم࠻ॖିջটᆞ૫ིݔ,္ॖିջটڵ૫ིႋb൙ൌഈ,ളࠃᇏ֥ཨٮᆀଽࣽᇕোޓ؟aӁള֥Ⴚၹ۲҂ཌྷa֝ᇁ֥ࢲݔ္తҵຣљbཌྷႋ֥,ᄝ࿐ඌ࣮ഈ,҂࣮ᆀؓཨٮᆀଽ֥ࣽۀࢸקaᇕো֥࿊ᄴaܱᇿ֥൪္࢘۲҂ཌྷ,֝ᇁ҂࣮֥ࢲંၛᆰࢤбࢠbᆞೂޓ؟࿐ᆀ෮ᆷԛ֥,აؓఃཨٮᆀ౦ۋ֥࣮ཌྷб.,ଢభؓཨٮᆀଽ֥࣮ࣽཌྷؓᇌު,,b(nahletb.,12003Beibtal2007)Ч࣮ҐႨܱ൙ࡱم,Ֆႏཧᆀაཨٮᆀ֥൪࢘,൫ᄝၛ༯ٚ૫ؓཨٮᆀଽࣽࣉྛ၂ུฐ෬ྟ࣮:(l)ؓཨٮᆀଽࣽႵଧུख़߂ބ૭ඍٚم?҂ख़߂ٚمᆭࡗ൞ڎթᄝܱ৳ބܿੰ?(2)Ֆႏཧᆀ֥࢘؇ԛؿ,๙ݖଧུٚൔॖၛႄؿཨٮᆀଽࣽ?ᆃུଽࣽ߶ջটଧུॖି֥ࢲݔ?(3)ཨٮᆀԛགྷଽࣽ౦࿂ᆭު߶ቓԛહّႋ,ᆃّུႋؓႏཧᆀႵޅ႕ཙ?(4)ᄝႏཧᇏӁള֥ཨٮᆀଽࣽߎႵଧུఃܿੰ?ᆭ෮ၛ࿊ᄴႏཧᆀაཨٮᆀ֥൪࢘,၂൞ၹູཌྷؓط,ھߌࢫ(ႏཧᆀაཨٮᆀ֥ߌࢫ)ؓႏཧᆀॖ॥ྟࢠݺ,ᆃဢ֤֥࣮֞ࢲં္۷ಸၞູႏཧᆀ֥ൌิ܂ҕॉބᆷ֝;ؽᄵ္ุགྷਔЧ໓აགྷႵ࣮.(Dahletal,2003)֥љ¹b*Ч࣮֤֞ݓࡅሱಖ॓࿐ࠎࣁཛଢ֥ሧᇹ(ཛଢӫ:ࠎႿႏཧིႋ֥ཨٮᆀଽ࣮ࣽ:ٳোaҩਈིࠣႋଆb;ཛଢщݼ:70902079)၂116၂
uܵൗࢸv(ᄅ़)2011୍ֻ9௹Ч໓Їওਆཛฐ෬ྟ࣮,नҐႨܱ൙ࡱՖޘཟaሺཟބଽࣽᆷཟ3۱࢘؇টᅚषbمb࣮1Ⴈଽಸٳ༅م,ᇶေࢲކགྷႵ໓ངބޘཟٳো࣮ҧᇗႿॉҳཨٮᆀଽࣽႵଧུ໓Ч࣮ؓཨٮᆀଽࣽࣉྛ҂ົ؇ഈ֥૭ඍྟ҂֥ေᇕোbೂBurnettބLunsford(1994)ࡼٳ༅,ѩฐ෬҂ົ؇ᆭࡗॖିթᄝ֥ܱ৳ܱ༢bཨٮᆀଽࣽ߃ٳູҍༀଽࣽaࡲूଽࣽa֣֡ଽ࣮ࣽ2Ԣਔࣉ၂҄ဒ࣮1֥ࢲંᆭຓ,ߎࡼ݂აഠ߶ᄳଽࣽbBei֩ದᄵ߃ٳູႱშۋ(hes-itaବሹࢲႏཧᆀႄؿཨٮᆀଽ֥ࣽྛູaཨٮᆀଽࣽtiona)ࣁఫฮ༔ۋ(painofpaying)ބሱᄳۋުّ֥ႋၛࠣਆᆀᆭࡗ֥ܱ༢,ѩԚ҄ฐ෬ཨٮᆀb(self-blame)3ᇕ.,(Beietal2007)ଽ֥ࣽؿᅚݖӱbሺཟٳো࣮൞Ϝ၂۱ཨٮݖӱοᅶඨЧ໓֥ࢲܒೂ༯:൮༵൞ؓགྷႵ໓ང֥ࡥေ߭߃ٳູ҂ࢨ؍(бೂཨٮభaཨٮᇏބཨٮܤ,ѩᆷૼթᄝ֥࣮ಌ१;ఃՑ൞ؓЧ໓෮ҐႨ֥ު,)࣮҂ࢨ؍ཨٮᆀଽ֥ࣽҵၳྟbбೂ࣮ٚمiܱ൙ࡱم֥ࢺകބඪૼ;ಖުٳљRawlings(1970)ቋᄪิԛ֥༵ྛଽࣽ(antieipatory࣮ؓb1ބ࣮2ࣉྛਔБۡ;ቋު൞Ч໓࣮ࢲguilt)ބّႋྟଽࣽ(reaetiveguilt)ުটBurnettંaൌၩၬa࣮҂ቀބ༯၂࣮҄ٚཟ֥ཬࢲbބLunsford(1994)οᅶᆃ၂නਫ਼,ࡼૌᇗྍଁؽa໓ང߭ܤູ൙భଽࣽ(pre၂deeisionguilt)ၛࠣ൙ުଽࣽ(post၂deeisionguil,t)భᆀӁളႿܓઙथҦᆭభ,ު20ൗࡀ80୍սष,ཨٮᆀଽࣽႄఏਔႏཧᆀӁളᄝܓઙथҦᆭުbՎު.,,(Beieral2007)࿐ᆀ֥ܱᇿ,ѩ౼֤ਔ၂༢ਙ֥࣮Ӯݔ,ཌྷܱࣉ၂҄ิԛ,ߎႵ၂ᇕᄝܓઙ֒༯֥ࣉྛྟଽ࣮ࣽᇶေЇওၛ༯ࠫ۱ٚ૫b(proeee,dingguilt)ࠇᆀ൙ᇏଽࣽb(၂)ཨٮᆀଽࣽۀ֥ᆞބࢸקଽ֥ࣽᆷཟ൞ᆷཨٮᆀथҦ֝ᇁජ֥০ၭ൳֞႕ཙ,ࠧཨٮᆀؓජۋ֞ଽࣽbBozinofބGhingold(1983)֥ൌᆣ࣮ቋᄪᆣBurnetބL-unൌਔଽࣽ൞҂Ⴟூك(fatiguea)༟ᄆas(joy)ِସford(194)֥࣮ࡼཨٮᆀଽ݂ࣽବູؓሱ࠭ଽ(annoyanee)֩ఃۀ֥҂эਈbLaseuᄝؓᆭࣽބؓದଽࣽਆնোbՎު,DahLHo-neaބManభ֥໓ངࣉྛ߭ܤު,္ิԛ༯ਙଁี:chanda(2003)֥࣮ᆣൌഈඍਆᇕཨٮᆀଽ֥ࣽoཨٮᆀଽࣽ൞ॖҩਈ֥aห֥aაః౦ۋթᄝ,ߎᄹࡆਔؓഠ߶ѓሙ֥ଽࣽbэਈཌྷљ֥p(,,b1991pp29o)()ཨٮᆀଽ֥ࣽభᇂэਈބުݔэਈ࣮ᆭު,RichinsࠣBei֩ದ֥ൌᆣ࣮ࣉ၂҄іཨٮᆀᇶุ֥ቔູა҂ቔູ(actionࠇinac-ૼ,ཨٮᆀଽࣽ౦࿂࠻҂Ⴟټ୮a҂ડaИβaݝtion)ॖିջটཨٮᆀଽࣽ,భᆀೂԊྟܓઙஃaܛ֩ڵ૫౦࿂(Ric,hinS,1997)္҂ିࡥֆֹ(Roo,,,k1987)఼௧ྟཨٮ(oGuinn&raber,1959)Ф൪ູ൞ཨٮᆀડၩބྜྷڞ֥ڵ૫ҩཛ.(Beietal,ބݖ؇ཨٮ,(Piris,i1995)ॖିᄯӮཨٮᆀଽ,2007)ط൞၂ᇕ৫֥ཨٮᆀ౦ۋোbഈඍࣽbཨٮᆀᇶุ֥҂ቔູЇও:ཨٮᆀ٢ఙܓઙູ࣮֮ཨٮᆀଽࣽᄝႏཧਵთଽ֥৫ֹ໊ࣉྛಣਈൊ,ࠇᆀીႵࣉྛՋगᄼॖିӁളཨٮਔᆞbᆀଽࣽ(Burnett&Luns,ford1994);ࠇᆀ൞ཨٮᆀᄝؓଽࣽۀ֥ࢸקഈ,҂࿐ᆀ۳ԛਔҵၳᄝაఒြཧ൲ದჴࡹ৫ਔധದ֥৳༢ު,ೂݔૌ߄֥ࢳbᄝႏཧਵთ,BurnettބLunsford(1994)ᄝሱ࠭ಃཋٓຶଽቓԛ҂ܓઙ֥थק֥߅,္߶ؓؓཨٮᆀଽ֥ࣽקၬ൞႕ཙቋն֥bૌಪູ,ཨఒြཧ൲ದჴӁളྏఴ,ՖطᄯӮཨٮᆀଽࣽٮᆀଽࣽ൞ཨٮᆀၹູິّ۱ದଽᄝሙᄵط֝ᇁ.,(Dahlebtal2005)ሱቍࢆ֮bᆃ۱ࢸק္۳ԛਔଽ֥ࣽਆ۱ᇗေ่૫ؓଽࣽྏ,ཨٮᆀ߶ቓԛહّႋ?Dahlࡱ:(1)ཨٮᆀ֥۱ದྛູაఃଽ҆ሙᄵؿളԊ,֩ದ֥࣮(,2003)ᇏ,ሹࢲԛཨٮᆀႨѩႮՎ֝ᇁ;(2)۱ದሱቍ֥ࢆ֮bSoseia(2007)ᄵটࡨଽࣽۋ֥3ᇕҦ:(l)๙ݖྩҀބӵ୶টิԛ:֒ࢲݔაყ௹҂၂ᇁطھࢲݔ൞۱ุॖ॥ࡨഒଽࣽۋ,ೂߎυ֥Ӂ;(2)ӵಪᆃᇕྛູჰၹ֝ᇁൈ,ࣼ߶ԛགྷଽࣽ౦࿂bࠇ൫Ֆྟ࢘؇ᆣૼఃކྟ,ೂᅳఃழႶo(ؽ)ཨٮᆀଽࣽٳো/ົ؇࣮ᆣൌpሱ࠭ઙ֥Ӂ൞ఞ֥֒,Ֆطಞሱ࠭ྏν;ႏཧ࿐ᆀؓཨٮᆀଽ֥ࣽٳো/ົ؇࣮ᇶေ(3)ڎಪބฦх,бೂϜઙ֥ת༆٢֞҂ၞु֥֞၂117၂
ႏᇏ֥ཨٮᆀଽࣽ۽അܵંંฆֹٚ,୭৯ಞሱ࠭ອ࠺ૌ֥թᄝ֩bؿᅚԛཌྷܱۀބંb෮ၛ,ؓႿགྷႵ໓ང࣮Վຓ,ཨٮᆀଽࣽߎ߶ؓႏཧᆀӁള႕ཙbбࢠഒ,ದૌಪ്ഉర֥໙ี,ࠇᆀࣉྛնุ֥૭ඍೂཚুӁ֥ཨٮᇏ,ཨٮᆀଽࣽྏ߶ؓӁ֥ྟ࣮ൈ,ܱ൙ࡱمٳႵႨb(3)ھٚمॖၛູܓઙބཨٮӁളཨࠞ႕ཙ(Okada,2005;Chunetဒᆣྟ֥ൌᆣ࣮ิ܂ࠎԤb(4)ᄝॴ໓߄Мࣟ༯,.al,b2007)္Ⴕ࿐ᆀಪູཨٮᆀଽࣽ߶۳ཧ൲ᆀھٚمหљൡކႿؓ҂۱ุۋᆩ֥ҵၳ࣮bջটᆞ૫֥႕ཙ,бೂ߶ٝᆸཨٮᆀᅝཧ൲ᆀ֥ᆞၹູऎႵഈඍႪׄ,ܱ൙ࡱمᄝڛༀႏཧьၒ(ೂᅝႵ؟ᅳ֥ਬఫ)(Steenhaut&Kenhove,ਵთ֤֞ਔٳܼ֥ٗႋႨb(Gremler,2004),2006)ࠇᆀၝᇅཨٮᆀАჼބڵ૫१З֥ԛགྷDahl֩ದ(,2003)ᄝཨٮᆀଽ࣮ࣽᇏ(Soseia,b2007)္൮ՑҐႨਔܱ൙ࡱمbႵႿЧٚم֥หׄ,ሹ֥টु,ᆞೂޓ؟࿐ᆀ෮ᆷԛ֥,აؓఃၛࠣཨٮᆀଽ֥࣮ࣽགྷሑ,ૌಪູ,ҐႨܱཨٮᆀ౦ۋ֥࣮ཌྷб,ଢభؓཨٮᆀଽ֥࣮ࣽ൙ࡱمषᅚ࣮၇ಖ൞сေބൡၒ֥bཌྷؓᇌު.,b(,2003Beieta,l2007)ఃཌྷؓႿDahl֩ದ֥࣮,Ч࣮֥ҵၳᆭԩބᇏ,ቋܱ֥໙ี൞,ෙಖ࿐ඌࢸؓଽࣽۀ֥܊ངᄝႿ:(1)Dahl֩ದ֥࣮ࣇՖࠫ۱ٚ૫ܱؓࢳթᄝ܋്,൞ႮႿཨٮᆀଽࣽྙൔ؟ဢ,۲҂൙ࡱࣉྛਔ૭ඍྟ࠹ٳ༅,طЧ࣮Ԣਔ۴ऌཌྷb҂࣮ᆀᄝ࣮ᇏ,ܱᇿਔ҂ো֥ཨགྷႵః໓ངྍᄹਔ૭ඍэਈᆭຓ,ߎิԛਔྍٮᆀଽࣽ,࿊ᄴਔ҂֥࣮൪࢘,֤ཨٮᆀଽ֥૭ඍэਈ(ೂοᅶႏཧིႋ֥ٳো,བྷі,1)Ⴕ֥ࣽଽݤބຓѩ҂၂ᇁ,႕ཙਔ҂࣮ࢲંᆰᇹႿ۷ಆ૫ֹಪ്ཨٮᆀଽࣽᆃ၂ۀ;(2)གྷႵࢤ֥бࢠބษંbбೂ:ၛ༯3ં໓(Chunet࣮ᇶေ൞૭ඍྟ࠹,Ч࣮ߎࡼฐ෬҂૭ඍ,2007;&Kenhove,2006;Dahle,talэਈᆭࡗ֥ܱ৳ܱ༢,ູဒᆣྟ࣮ิ܂නਫ਼;(3)2005)ᇏ,భਆ֥ཨٮᆀଽࣽඋႿ༵ྛଽࣽ;طֻЧ࣮ߎᇗܱׄᇿਔႏཧᆀႄؿ֥ཨٮᆀଽࣽ,ၛ3ᄵඋႿّႋྟଽࣽbՎຓ,ဢ൞༵ྛଽࣽ,ࠣཨٮᆀଽ֥ࣽؿᅚࠣэ߄໙ี,ᆃུഉໃ֤Chun֩ದ(,2007)֥࣮൞ཨٮᆀሱؿ֞གྷႵ໓ང֥ᇿၩ;(4)ཨٮᆀଽࣽ൞၂۱ა໓߄Ӂള֥ҍༀଽࣽ;طsteenhautაKenhove֥ં໓ཌྷܱ֥ၰี,ᇏݓМࣟ༯֥ཌྷܱ࣮ഉໃषᅚ,Ч(2006)ᄵඋႿཨٮᆀؓႏཧᆀ֥ଽࣽbᆃิԛਔ࣮Ҁਔᆃ၂҂ቀbؓཨٮᆀଽࣽۀࣉྛ༢ྟٳো૭ඍ֥ླbՎຓ,ཨٮᆀଽࣽ൞၂۱აཨٮᆀ෮උ໓߄/ඹa࣮1໓߄োཌྷܱ֥ۀbᄝ҂໓߄Мࣟ༯,ཨٮᆀ(၂)ඔऌ൬ࠢބဢЧ૭ඍଽ֥ࣽົ؇aӮၹބིႋႋႵ෮ҵၳ,ᆃ္ิԛਔ࣐ܵႨ࿐ളဢЧᄝ࿐ඌࢸթᄝࢠ؟ᆚၰ,ᄝᇏݓ໓߄౦༯ೂޅฐษཨٮᆀଽ֥ࣽྍज़ีbЧ࣮උႿฐ෬ྟ࣮,طଽࣽ౦࿂ቔູ௴ђթa࣮ٚمඪૼ:ܱ൙ࡱمᄝ֥౦ۋ,࿐ളཨٮᆀဢ߶Ⴕնਈุ֥ဒ,ၹՎૌᄝ࣮1ᇏಯಖҐႨਔ࿐ളဢЧ,ѩࡼᄝ࣮ܱ൙ࡱم(Critiealineidentteehnique)൞၂ᇕ2ᇏႨഠ߶ဢЧটဒՎࢲંbקྟ٠ซӱbھٚمေФ٠ᆀؓᇗေ൙ࡱ(ೂЧ࣮Ⴈष٢ൔ໙जট൬ࠢྐ༏bᄝ໙ज൙౦aݖӱބၰี֩)ࣉྛ૭ඍ,Їওૌ൞ೂޅԩᇏ,൳٠ᆀФေ࣐ॖିབྷ༥ֹ߭ၫބ૭ඍቋ࣍၂aࣜݖೂޅaࢲݔᄸဢ֩bܱ൙ࡱم֥ଢ֥ᄝ۱ᄅ֥ଖਆՑཨٮྛູbऎุေೂ༯bႿࠎႿ۱ุ֥൪࢘,Ֆಪᆩa౦ۋބྛູ֩҂Ҫ൙ࡱ1:o౨ଢ଼߭ၫ၂༯,ቋ࣍1۱ᄅଽ,൞ڎႵ૫টࢳᆃུܱ൙ࡱ(Che,bll1998)ଧՑཨٮଢ଼Ӂളਔଽ֥ࣽ౦࿂,طھଽࣽ౦࿂ཌྷؓႿః࣮ٚم,ܱ൙ࡱمऎСၛ༯Ⴊଢ଼ીႵࠇࡨഒਔཨٮ,ࠇᆀӁളਔఃؓഅࡅ҂ׄ(Gremler,2004):(l)ھٚم൞ՖФ٠ᆀ֥൪࢘,০֥ࢲݔ(ೂଢ଼ؓഅࡅӁള҂ડၩ֥؇aڵ૫१ಞૌႨሱ֥࠭ე૭ඍܱ൙ࡱbႮႿܱ൙ЗԮѬ֩b)౨ଢ଼࣐ॖିབྷֹ࣐૭ඍھཨٮྛູࡱمᄍྸФ٠ᆀሱ࠭࿊ᄴቋཌྷܱ֥൙ࡱ,ູ࣮ࣼ(Їওൈࡗaֹׄaഅࡅ,ଢ଼ູહӁളଽࣽ,֒ൈ൞ᆀิ܂ਔٳپڶ֥ჰྐ༏b(2)ھٚمඋႿ݂ᄸહམ֥,അࡅ൞ೂޅԩ֥,ଢ଼൞ᄸહԩ֥,ࢲବ࣮,҂ླေࡹ৫࣮ࡌഡ,ൈᄍྸ࣮ᆀݔೂޅ,൙ުଢ଼ᄸહটुրᆃࡱ൙֩b)ѩؓଽࣽ၂118၂
uܵൗࢸv(ᄅ़)2011୍ֻ9௹ӱ؇ࣉྛ؎(1սі҂ଽࣽ;7սіٳଽࣽp)ᆀູ୯ྟ,୍ਭनᄝ18~22ෟᆭࡗb൙ࡱ2:o౨ଢ଼߭ၫ၂༯,ቋ࣍1۱ᄅଽ,൞ڎႵ(ؽ)щཛଢ֥ಒקބщݖӱ૭ඍଧՑཨٮଢ଼Ӂളਔଽ֥ࣽ౦࿂,طھଽࣽ౦࿂۴ऌགྷႵ໓ང,ၛܱࠣؓ൙ࡱ֥Ԛ݂҄ବٳ՜ଢ଼ᄹࡆਔཨٮ,ࠇᆀӁളਔఃؓഅࡅႵ০֥༅,࣮ᆀ൮༵ಒקਔࣉྛଽಸٳ༅ൈ෮Ⴈ֥щࢲݔ(ೂଢ଼ؓഅࡅӁളડၩ֥؇aᆞ૫१ЗԮѬཛଢb۲щཛଢ֥ӫaଽಸa໓ངࠎԤі֩bb)౨ଢ଼࣐ॖିབྷֹ࣐૭ඍھཨٮྛູ(Їওൈ1ᆃུщཛଢᄝ࣮1ބ࣮2ᇏ൞๙Ⴈ֥,ఃࡗaֹׄaഅࡅ,ଢ଼ູહӁളଽࣽ,֒ൈ൞ᄸહམᇏ,҆ٳщཛଢࣇᄝ࣮2ᇏടࠣ,࣮1ໃႨb֥,അࡅ൞ೂޅԩ֥,ଢ଼൞ᄸહԩ֥,ࢲݔೂಒקଽಸٳ༅ᇏ֥щཛଢބщোљު,ਆޅ,൙ުଢ଼ᄸહটुրᆃࡱ൙֩b)ѩؓଽࣽӱ؇࣮ᆀٳљ৫ֹᄇ൳٠ᆀ૭ඍ֥ܱ൙ࡱ,ࣉྛ؎(1սі҂ଽࣽ;7սіٳଽࣽp)ѩοᅶഈඍٳোѓሙؓ෮Ⴕ൙ࡱࣉྛਔщbҕૌᄝᇏݓᇏ҆၂෮ն࿐ࠫ۱ህြ֥Ч॓ളᅶགྷႵ໓ང(Bitne:,1990;,2003)ᇏؿ٢ਔ126ٺ໙ज,܋൬߭78ٺbૄ၂ٺ໙जЇ֥ԩٚم,࠹ෘԛਆ࣮ᆀщ֥၂ᇁ؇(in-ݣਆ۱৫֥൙ࡱ,ૌ֤֞156۱৫൙ࡱbterjudeaggreement)ູ84%bؓႿщ҂၂ᇁ֥ሳ۴ऌགྷႵ໓ངؓଽࣽۀ֥ࢸק,Ч࣮ಒק؍,Ⴎֻ໊࣮ᆀ߶భਆ໊࣮ᆀ၂ఏษંၛ༯4۱ಪקཨٮᆀଽ֥ࣽѓሙ:(l)ཨٮᆀႵ၂ު,ಆ҆ղӮ၂ᇁb۱ଽᄝ֥ྛູѓሙ;(2)ཨٮᆀ֥ྛູᄝ၂קӱ؇()ؓ۲щཛଢ֥૭ඍྟ࠹ٳ༅ഈ൞ሱ࠭෮ି॥ᇅ֥;(3)ཨٮᆀಪູሱ֥࠭ଖུؓ91۱Ⴕི൙ࡱࣉྛщ,ѩࣉྛੱ࠹,ྛູິМਔଽᄝྛູѓሙ,ѩႮՎӁളਔაଽࣽཌྷऎุࢲݔіb2ܱ֥౦࿂;(4)ھ൙ࡱ൞ᄝଖᇕཨٮ౦ᇏԛགྷ֥,Ֆі2ॖ,ᄝႏཧᇏ,ႏཧᆀႵၩ്ࠇЇওཨٮభaཨٮᇏ,ࠇᆀཨٮުbၩ്ႄؿཨٮᆀଽࣽ൞၂ࡱбࢠ௴ђ֥གྷའ۴ऌഈඍѓሙ,࣮ᆀัԢਔྐ༏ಌാa҂ປ.(418%֥ཨٮᆀଽܱࣽ൙ࡱ൞Ⴎႏཧᆀᇶႄᆜ֥൙ࡱၛࠣ҂උႿཨٮᆀଽ֥ࣽ൙ࡱဢЧ,ቋުؿ֥ºb)ఃᇏ,ն҆ٳ(ᅝ92%)൞ᄹࡆਔཨٮᆀଽ܋֤֞91۱Ⴕི֥ܱ൙ࡱbఃᇏ%֥൳٠ࣽb࣮ᆣൌਔཨٮᆀଽ֥ࣽචಫࡴིݔiؓщݼщཛଢଽಸ໓ངࠎԤщোљඪૼI൞ଽڎࣽཨٮᆀ൳ถ٠ᆀሢ૭ભඍ࿂֥?൙ࡱ൞ڎЇݣཨٮਆো:൞aڎᆺުႵ࿃Ї֥ݣщཨٮ,܋ᆀႵଽ91ࣽ۱౦Ⴕ࿂ི֥൙ࡱҌࣉྛᆀଽࣽ౦:2ଽࣽႺၹ൞ජႄؿਔཨٮᆀ֥ଽࣽ౦࿂:ႏЧ໓࣮ᆀิԛਆো:ႏཧᆀႄؿaཧᆀߎ൞ఃದ?٤ႏཧᆀႄؿ3ଽࣽٚཟཨٮᆀଽࣽ൞ᄹ఼ਔ,ߎ൞ࡨЧ໓࣮ᆀิԛਆো:ᄹ఼aࡨᆺႵoଽࣽႺၹp൞ႏཧᆀႄؿൈҌؓھਔ?ཛଢࣉྛщ4ႄؿٚൔ*ႏཧᆀ൞ೂޅႄؿཨٮᆀଽ֥ࣽ?Ч໓࣮ᆀิԛ൙༵ಒק֥щᆺႵoଽࣽႺၹp൞ႏཧᆀႄؿൈҌؓھোљ,۴ऌܱ൙ࡱཛଢࣉྛщࣉྛ൙ު݂ବ5ଽࣽൈׄଽࣽӁളႿཨٮݖӱ(ᇿၩ,҂൞Rᇝlns,ig1970;Burentt&ো:ཨٮభaཨٮथҦݖӱ.,)ᇏ֥ଧ۱ࢨ؍?Lnsuford1994;Beeita,l2007ᇏaཨٮު6ଽࣽົ؇ऎุ൞ၹູଧٚ૫֥ჰၹ֝ᇁھBurentt&Luns,eford1994;Bei*ඹো:ҍༀଽࣽaࡲଽࣽ౦࿂.,?al207ूଽࣽa֣֡ଽࣽaഠ߶ᄳଽࣽ7ଽࣽᆷཟཨٮᆀ࣮ࣨؓජۋ֞ଽࣽ?Burentt&Luns,ford1994;Dahlඹো:ؓሱ࠭aؓభো൞གྷႵ໓ངၘࣜิ֥ࠣ,ֻඹো,,etal2003;Ч໓భ௹࣮ದaؓഠ߶ѓሙaؓ൞Ч໓࣮ᆀ۴ऌܱ൙ࡱ֥ٳ༅ิႏཧᆀԛট֥8ଽࣽӱ؇ཨٮᆀᄝ؟նӱ؇ഈۋ֞ଽࣽ?7ׄਈі9ଽࣽোཨٮᆀଽ࣮ࣽࣨ൞՜ࣉaᄹࡆਔཨЧ໓࣮ᆀิԛਆো:ၝᇅྟଽࣽaٮ,۳അࡅջটႵ০֥ࢲݔ?ߎ൞՜ࣉྟଽࣽࢆ֮aၝᇅਔཨٮ,۳അࡅջটਔ҂০֥ࢲݔ?l0ଽࣽ૭ඍཨٮᆀ൞ೂޅ૭ඍሱ࠭ଽࣽ౦࿂൙༵ಒק֥щ֥?োљ,۴ऌܱ൙ࡱࣉྛ൙ު݂ବllཨٮᆀӁളଽࣽ౦࿂ު,ཨٮᆀҐ౼હ.DaѾ.{e*al,2ae,0()3;Dital൙༵ಒק֥щّႋࢾྛটّႋ?208;Ч໓భ௹࣮োљ,۴ऌܱ൙ࡱࣉྛ൙ު݂ବඪૼ:*іൕھщࣇᄝ࣮2ᇏႨ,࣮1ໃടࠣb၂119၂
ႏᇏ֥ཨٮᆀଽࣽ۽അܵંંฆщཛଢщোљোљࢸק২ሰੱ*ଽࣽႺၹ٤ႏཧᆀႄؿཨٮᆀሱ࠭ӁളࠇႮႏཧᆀၛຓ֥ఃၹႺؿམ֞ቋ࣍၂؍ൈࡗӑᆦᇗطӁളଽࣽ,ѩ٢ఙܓઙྍ58ᆭ%၉ڛႏཧᆀႄؿଽ֥ࣽӁളაႏཧᆀ֥ྛູཌྷܱڛༀಣ౦a૧ٮᄼෂഅ,ቋުᄹࡆܓઙ418%Ⴎႏཧᆀᇶቔູطႄؿଽࣽٚཟࢆ֮ႏཧᆀ֥ྛູ൞ࢆ֮ߎ൞ᄹࡆਔཨٮᆀ֥ଽࣽۋႏཧᆀіૼࡎ۬ٳႪ߲,ࢆ֮ਔཨٮᆀၹܓઙཚুӁ7ᄅ%Ӂള֥ଽࣽۋᄹࡆႏཧᆀ૧ٮෂת༆ᄹࡆཨٮଽࣽ.921%ଽࣽൈׄཨٮభ_ၛܓઙྛູ(Їওܓઙބ҂ܓઙ)ູൈࡗࢸཌ.,ܓઙྛູᄝઙЇᆭభམ֞ሱ࠭ളࠃٮᄪၘᆦطӁളଽࣽ,٢264%ൌീᆭభູཨٮభ,ᆭުູཨٮުఙܓઙཨٮᇏӹѢ֥ࠗൈީքྏӉطत֤ଽࣽ242%ཨٮުઙປ၉ڛԬਔࠫ฿ުत֤ᇉਈაࡎ۬҂ژطଽࣽ49)%ଽࣽົ؇ҍༀܓઙࡎ۬ۚa҂ླေࠇᆀഖԃ֥ӁൈӁളଽࣽ౦࿂ၹ၉ڛࡎ۬ۚaӑԛყෘطଽࣽ,495%ࡲूܓઙྛູ߶ݝሱ࠭ࠇದ֥ࡲूႮႿु֞་Ⴕݝࡲू֥ܼۡطӁളଽࣽ౦࿂ѩࡨഒཐ.88%ܓઙඔਈ**֣֡ܓઙथҦࠇᆀყ௹֥ܓઙथҦა۱ದ֥֣֡ሙᄵؿളԊၹႏཧᆀ൞җࠥದ.,ሱ࠭ݖٳษࡎߎࡎ,त֤ሱ֥࠭ྛ462ΰᚧ֝ᇁ֥֣֡ଽູࣽޓ҂֣֡ഠ߶ᄳܓઙथҦطິМ۱ದۋᆩ֥ഠ߶ᄳ෮֝ᇁ֥ଽࣽु֞٬ࣸӽಙߌ֥࿆Ԯ,ູሱ࠭Ⴈնਈӽط33%ۋ֞ଽࣽଽࣽᆷཟሱ࠭ཨٮᆀत֤ଖ၂ཨٮྛູؓ҂ఏሱ࠭,ؓሱ࠭Ӂള҂০त֤ຩႳ༤শٮਔሱ࠭նਈ֥࿐༝ൈࡗطଽࣽ50)%֥ࢲݔ,ೂݝሱ֥࠭ࡲू,শٮൈࡗ֩ഠ߶ѓሙཨٮᆀಪູఃྛູິМഠ߶ᄳطӁള֥ଽࣽܓઙxxஇӁު,ु֞նਈཨٮᆀַᇅھஇ֥ྐ3ମ%༏,त֤ޓႵ֡,طۋ֞ଽࣽದၹत֤ఃྛູؓ҂ఏԢႏཧᆀຓ֥၂ϮದࠇႵದೂڳଛ֥ఫઙᇗഅ,طؓڳଛӁളଽࣽ15٭%০ၭᄵӁള֥ଽࣽႏཧᆀၹत֤ఃྛູؓ҂ఏႏཧᆀ,ݝႏཧᆀ০ၭطӁള֥ೂၹݖٳ֮ࡎ۬ܓઙഅުत֤ؓ҂ఏϰ30%ଽࣽଽࣽোၝᇅྟऎႵၝᇅཨٮ֥ౠཟ,ೂཨٮᆀ٢ఙܓઙࠇࡨഒܓၹत֤Ⴈڳଛ֥࿓ݰఫઙޓޓ֥၉ڛطଽࣽ,ࢲݔ٢604%ઙ,ၛࠣࣉྛڵ૫ԮѬ֩ఙܓઙ՜ࣉྟऎႵ՜ࣉཨٮ֥ౠཟ,ೂཨٮᆀड़קࠇᄹࡆཨٮ,ѩၹᆩ֡അሇ൭ϰࠤሢౢҝ,֮ࡎ۬ܓઙഅުत39െ%ࣉྛᆞ૫࿆Ԯ֤֩҂ݺၩනႻ؟ઙਔ၂ࡱඪૼ:ണႵུཛଢ൞ࣇᄝหק౦༯Ҍࣉྛщ(бೂᆺႵoଽࣽႺၹp൞ႏཧᆀႄؿൈҌؓoଽࣽٚཟpࣉྛщ)bՎൈ,ੱ൞ၛડቀ౦ေ֥ဢЧູሹุ࠹ෘ֥b**ᄝ၂۱ܱ൙ࡱᇏ,ॖିൈԛགྷ҂ົ؇֥ཨٮᆀଽࣽ,෮ၛՎཛଢщ֥ੱᆭބնႿ100%bႏཧᆀ࠻ॖି൞ཨࠞڵ૫֥(60%ູၝᇅྟଽࣽ,)ቔູཨٮᆀଽ֥ࣽᆷཟᇏֆਙԛ,ѩᆣൌਔᆃᇕбೂཨٮᆀ٢ఙࠇࢆ֮ܓઙඔਈ,္ॖି൞ࠒࠞ౦ঃ֥௴ђթᄝྟ.(ᅝ308%,)طDahl֩ದ֥࣮ᆞ૫֥(40%ູ՜ࣉྟଽࣽ,)бೂᄹࡆཨٮਈࠇಞᄵޭਔᆃᇕ౦ঃ¼;(2)ཌྷؓႿDahl֩ದ֥ࢲݔཨٮᆀӁളਔࠒ֥ࠞ؇bՖଽࣽӁള֥ൈׄট(ᆷཟഠ߶ѓሙ֥ᅝ24,.5%)Ч࣮ᇏᆷཟഠ߶ѓु,ཨٮభa(26%)ཨٮᇏ(24%)ބཨٮު(50%)ଽሙ֥ཨٮᆀଽࣽ൙ࡱޓഒ(3ࡱ,ᅝ%)࣮ഡࣽ౦࿂௴ђթᄝ,ᆃဒᆣਔBei֩ದ֥߃ٳٚم࠹֥ҵၳॖି൞ᇶေࢳჰၹbᄝDahl֩ದ֥.e(Bieta,l2b007)Ֆଽ֥ࣽົ؇টु,Ч࣮ဒ࣮ᇏ,ؓཨٮᆀ֥ሱБۡીႵࣉྛ؟ཋᇅ,طᆣਔBסnetބLunsford(1994)֥ඹົ؇߃ٳٚൔЧ࣮۷؟ֹ൞Ֆཨٮᆀაႏཧᆀ֥࢘؇षiҍༀଽࣽᅝ%,ࡲूٚ૫֥ଽࣽᅝ%,ᅚ֥,ᄝ໙जᇏ,္۷؟఼ֹטਔཨٮᆀଽࣽؿള֣֡ٚ૫֥ଽࣽᅝ%,ഠ߶ᄳٚ૫ଽࣽᅝൈཨٮᆀაႏཧᆀᆭࡗ֥ݖӱ,ᆃॖି՜Ф%»bཁಖ,ҍༀބ֣֡ٚ૫֥ଽࣽቋູӈbטҰᆀ۷؟ֹ࿊ᄴྟ߭ၫఏᆷཟႏཧᆀ֥ଽࣽ,طਸ਼ຓ,Ֆཨٮᆀଽ֥ࣽᆷཟটु,ն҆ٳ൞ᆷޭਔᆷཟഠ߶ѓሙ֥ଽࣽb֒ಖ,ᆃ္ॖି൞ᇏཟሱ֥(ᅝ%,)ఃՑ൞ᆷཟႏཧᆀ(ᅝ༆ٚཨٮᆀ໓߄ҵၳ֥ࢲݔbбೂ,ᇏݓཨٮᆀ۷%,)ߎႵഒਈଽࣽٳљᆷཟ၂Ϯದ(ె.4%)҂ಸၞၹູഠ߶ѓሙطӁളଽࣽbᆃႵրႿࣉ၂ބഠ߶ѓሙ(%b)ؓбDahl֩ದ(2003)֥ࢲݔ࣮֥҄ᆣൌbiᆷཟሱ֥࠭ᅝ.521%,ᆷཟದ֥ᅝ%,ᆷ(ඹ)ܱؓ৳ܱ༢֥ฐ෬ྟٳ༅ཟഠ߶ѓሙ֥ᅝ%,ॖၛؿགྷૼཁ֥܋ྟބҵࢤ༯ট,ૌҐႨਙ৳іটٳ༅۲щཛଢᆭၳb܋ྟุགྷູෙಖਆཛ࣮֥ഡ࠹թᄝ၂קҵࡗ֥ܱ৳ܱ༢,ၛฐ෬ཨٮᆀଽ֥ࣽమᄝܿੰ,ູၳ,ཨٮᆀБ֥ۡଽࣽႵ၂϶൞ᆷཟሱ֥bၛު֥࣮ิ܂ॖି֥ٚཟbᆃіૼᄝޓ؟౦ঃ༯ཨٮᆀଽࣽ൞ؓሱ֥࠭ଽՖі3ᇏॖ,٤ႏཧᆀႄؿ֥ଽࣽ۷؟ֹӁࣽbҵၳᄵุགྷູਆ۱ٚ૫:(l)Ч࣮ࡼႏཧᆀളਔၝᇅྟ֥႕ཙ;ႏཧᆀႄؿ֥ଽࣽᄵ۷ಸၞӁ120
uܵൗࢸv(ᄅ़)201୍ֻ9௹і3ଽࣽႺၹაଽࣽো֥ܱ৳ܱ༢ᆷཟaଽࣽোၛࠣଽࣽі7ଽࣽົ؇აଽࣽো֥ܱ৳ܱ༢ଽࣽোଽࣽႺၹ٤ႏཧᆀႄؿႏཧᆀႄؿൈׄඹᆀᆭࡗթᄝ၂ק֥ଽࣽোଽࣽົ؇ҍༀࡲू֣֡ഠ߶ᄳၝᇅྟ.42(792ཌྷܱܱ༢,%)13(342%)҂ؿགྷ,ႏཧၝᇅྟ.37(822%)8(l0()%)13(310%)l(333%)՜ࣉྟ11(20%)25(65%)ᆀႄؿ֥ଽࣽն؟ᆷཟႏ՜ࣉྟ,..8(178%)0(0)29(690%)2(667%)ཬ࠹,53(1000%)38(10().0%)ཧᇿᆀ,ն؟ӁളႿཨٮᇏཬ࠹45(100%)8(100%)42(100%)3(100%):ওݼభູܱ൙ࡱ֥ඔਈ,ওݼᇏູ෮ᅝ֥б২(οਙ࠹,)༯bބཨٮު,طொཟႿӁളؓႏཧі8ଽࣽႺၹაଽࣽົ؇֥ܱ৳ܱ༢ള՜ࣉྟ႕ཙbᆃᇕܱ৳ᄝᆀႵ০֥႕ཙbଽࣽົ؇ଽࣽႺၹ٤ႏཧᆀႄؿႏཧᆀႄؿ࠹ഈཁᇷ..,,(x,=18773p=0000)ೂі,7๙ݖؓཨٮᆀଽࣽোҍༀ.33(62ᆭ6%)12(2667%)৳༢఼؇၂Ϯ(c=)½bაଽࣽົ؇֥ਙ৳іٳ༅,ॖၛؿࡲू..6(1132%)2(44%)֣֡.12(2264%)30(66െ7%Ֆі4ᇏॖ,ଽࣽᆷཟაགྷཨٮᆀᄝҍༀބࡲूົ؇ഈ֥ଽ)ഠ߶ᄳ(377%)](222%)ଽࣽোॖିႵܱ৳,ᆷཟሱ࠭ࣽն؟උႿၝᇅྟ֥ଽࣽ,طᄝ֡ཬ࠹53(10()%)45(10%)֥ଽࣽ၂Ϯ߶Ӂളၝᇅྟ֥ቔ֣aഠ߶ᄳົ؇ഈ֥ଽࣽն؟උႿ՜ࣉྟଽࣽ(xZ=,98P=Ⴈ.,ᆷཟႏཧᆀ֥ଽࣽ၂Ϯ߶Ӂ,0000Cؽ.04b86)ള՜ࣉྟ֥ቔႨbᆃᇕ৳༢ᄝႮі8ॖᆩ,ႏཧᆀႄؿ֥ଽࣽᇶေ൞֣֡ଽࣽ(xZؽ.19323,p=࠹ഈཁᇷ2ؽ.,,,(x4740P==)۴ऌі7ॖᆩ,֣֡ଽࣽն؟උႿ՜ࣉྟଽࣽ,ᆃ္,)ᆃᇕ৳༢ࢠ఼(C=ࡗࢤඪૼႏཧᆀႄؿଽࣽ۷ಸၞջটؓఃႵ০֥ࢲݔ)Վຓ,ఃщཛଢᆭࡗ֥ܱ৳ܱ༢ᄝ࠹ഈѩ҂ཁᇷ,ೂଽࣽՖі5ᇏॖ,ଽࣽႺၹაൈׄაଽࣽো..(xZ=2091,p=0352;)ྟљაଽࣽো.(xZ=0511,p=ଽࣽᆷཟᆭࡗॖିႵܱ৳,ႏཧ);ྟљაଽࣽᆷཟ(xZ.=6543,p=);ྟљაଽࣽႺၹ(xZ=ᆀႄؿ֥ଽࣽն؟ᆷཟႏཧᆀ..,223,0p=0135;)ଽࣽൈׄაଽࣽᆷཟ..=(x,7994,p=0092b)Վຓ,Ⴍط٤ႏཧᆀႄؿ֥ଽࣽ၂Ϯᆷఃᆴ֤ᇿၩ֥൞,ଽࣽٚཟაଽࣽোᆭࡗᄝ࠹ഈ္҂թᄝܱ৳ܱཟሱ࠭ࠇದbᆃᇕ৳༢ᄝ༢..,(xZ=l15p>02,5)ᆃၩሢཨٮᆀଽࣽᄹ఼ࠇࡨაଽ֥ࣽႏཧ࠹ഈཁᇷ(x,ؽ..44,63,p=0000)ིႋ(՜ࣉࠇၝᇅ)ᆭࡗܱbߐओ߅ඪ,ಞཨٮᆀo۷؟ଽࣽpߎ൞ѩ৳༢ࢠ఼b(Cؽ)ഒׄظଽࣽpѩ٤ႏཧᆀิۚႏཧིݔ֥ܱၰีbՖі6ᇏॖ,ႏཧᆀႄؿ֥ଽࣽࠢᇏႿཨٮᇏބཨٮު,a࣮2٤ႏཧᆀႄؿ֥ଽࣽࠢᇏႿཨषᅚ࣮2֥ᇶေଢ֥Їওਆٚ૫bః၂,ႄದഠ߶ဢЧ,ဒٮభބཨٮު,ଽࣽൈׄაଽ࣮ࣽ1Ⴈ࿐ളဢЧ֤ԛ֥ࢲં,ᄹࡆຓི҆؇bఃؽ,۷ᇗေ֥,ࣉႺၹᄝ࠹ഈႵၩၬ(xZ=၂҄ฐ෬ཨٮᆀଽࣽᇏ֥ః໙ี,ᇶေЇও:(l)ႏཧᆀႄؿཨٮᆀ..12533,p=0002,)ᆃᇕ৳༢҂ଽ֥ࣽٚൔ;(2)ཨٮᆀଽࣽުّ֥ႋ;(3)ཨٮᆀଽࣽྏ֥ؿ఼(C.=034b8)ᅚݖӱbሸഈ෮ඍ,ଽࣽႺၹaଽࣽ(၂)ඔऌ൬ࠢٚمࠣဢЧඪૼі4ଽࣽᆷཟაଽࣽো֥ܱ৳ܱ༢ᄝሱ჻֥ࠎԤഈ,࣮ᆀဤ౨129໊࿊ྩݓ࠽൧ӆႏཧ࿐ज़,addrԎྏਡ1ଽࣽᆷཟraࠅೆ༓ٗؽ֒ধሱ࠭ႏཧᆀ၂Ϯದഠ߶ѓሙӱ֥Ч॓ള(ھϫࠩ࿐ളીႵҕა࣮1,ൈഈज़ଽಸ҂ടࠣཨၝᇅྟ..42(913%)3(10֗.%)8(571%)2(667%ٮᆀଽࣽཌྷܱଽಸ)Ⴈა࣮1၂ဢ֥໙ज,Ґ٠1၂2໊ૌ֥)՜ࣉྟ.4(87%)25(893%)6(42ᄅ%)l(333%)ழႶ/ඃದ/ࡅದ/,ѩ࠺༯Ⴕܱཨٮᆀଽ֥ࣽܣ൙(l۱ࠇਆཬ࠹46(l(X)֗%)28(10()֗%)14(l(X)֗%)3(l0()%)۱,)ѩေૌ࿊ᄴ֥ФҐ٠ᆀ҂ି൞ᄝ࿐ളbቋު,Ⴕ73і5ଽࣽႺၹაଽࣽᆷཟ֥ܱ৳ܱ༢і6ଽࣽႺၹაଽࣽൈ֥ܱׄ৳ܱ༢໊࿐ّঌਔ104۱ཨٮᆀ֥18۱ཨٮଽࣽᆷཟଽࣽႺၹଽࣽൈׄଽࣽႺၹ٤ႏཧᆀႄؿႏཧᆀႄؿᆀଽࣽܣ൙ဢЧbႵིဢЧႵ13,7۱ᅝ٤ႏཧᆀႄؿႏཧᆀႄؿሱ࠭36(67པ%)10(263%)ႏཧᆀ.ཨٮభ.ሹ2ဢЧ֥73%b0(377%)4(10ຣ%.)2(38%)26(684%)ဢЧ֥ದದ१࠹หᆘೂ༯:ᄝ୍ਭٳ13(245%)l(2െ%ཨٮᇏ7(132%)ె(39ຣ%))ഠ߶ѓሙ.2(38%)l(2െ%)ཨٮު.26(491%)19(50֗%)҃ഈ,ೂі9෮ൕ;Ֆྟљটु,ၛФ٠ᆀཬ࠹.,ཬ࠹53(l(j)֗%)38(100֗%53)(l0()O%)38(1(X)0%)۱ದ࠹,%ູଳྟ;ၛܣ൙ဢЧ࠹,121
ႏᇏ֥ཨٮᆀଽࣽ۽അܵંંฆі9࣮2ᇏФ٠ᆀ୍֥ਭٳ҃෮ਙൕ֥ඹնѓሙ,ၛЌᆣᄝ෮Ⴕ֥൙ࡱᇏ,֥ಒЇݣሹದඔ/۱ඔ25ෟၛ༯26၂35ෟ36၂45ෟ46၂55ෟਔଽࣽ౦࿂b(2)ෙಖު߯aࣽaАవ֩აଽࣽ౦࿂թᄝ..104494%24֗%124%134%ҵၳ,൞҂ஆԢཨٮᆀᄝԛགྷଽࣽ౦࿂ൈ߶ϴෛԛགྷ,,.137584%234%8O%102%ഈඍ౦࿂,طཨٮᆀѩ٤ྏ࿐ህࡅ,ૌॖିႨު߯aі10࣮2۲щཛଢ֥ੱ࠹ࣽaАవ֩ՍეটБۡඋႿଽ֥ࣽ౦࿂ุဒb(3)ުщཛଢཛଢٳোੱ(%)߯aଽࣽႺၹ٤ႏཧᆀᇶႄؿࣽaАవФЇݣᄝଽࣽ౦࿂ᇏ,ѩ҂ၩሢ෮Ⴕ֥40ᄅ%ႏཧᆀᇶႄؿ.591%ު߯aࣽaАవ౦࿂ჷႿཨٮᆀଽࣽbଽࣽٚཟࢆ֮84%(ᄹࡆ.)ܱ৳ܱ༢ٳ༅916%ଽࣽোၝᇅྟ44ຣ%࣮,1ؓ҂щཛଢࣉྛਙ৳і֥ܱ৳ܱ༢ٳ՜ࣉྟ55ຣ%ଽࣽൈׄཨٮభ153%༅,ࢲݔೂ༯bཨٮᇏ20Ԋ%ଽࣽႺၹაଽࣽো..:,,xZؽ,24192p=0000eؽ.0357ཨٮު642%ଽࣽົ؇ҍༀ.ა࣮1ࢲં၂ᇁb44%ࡲू6ᄅ%ଽࣽᆷཟაଽࣽো...:,,x,=94674p=0000e=,0639֣֡.479%ഠ߶ᄳҝ7%ა࣮1ࢲં၂ᇁbଽࣽᆷཟሱ࠭.394%ଽࣽႺၹაଽࣽᆷཟ...:,,x,=44984p=0000e=,0497ഠ߶ᄳb֗%ႏཧᆀ.511%ა࣮1ࢲં၂ᇁbದ.88%ଽࣽႺၹაଽࣽൈׄ...,,,:x,=6155p=0046e=%ູଳྟbა࣮1ࢲં҂(࣮1ᇏܱ৳ܱ༢ཁᇷ,Վԩ҂ཁ(ؽ)૭ඍྟ࠹ٳ༅ᇷb)࣮,1൮༵,Ⴎਆ࣮ᆀٳљ৫ଽࣽົ؇აଽࣽো.:,,x,ؽ.,62995p=0000eؽ.0561ؓ۲ཛଢࣉྛщ,ಖުࣉྛؓб,щ၂ᇁა࣮1ࢲં၂ᇁbੱູ87%bࢤሢ,ႄದֻ࣮ᆀ,၂ఏؓଽࣽႺၹაଽࣽົ؇...,,:x,ؽ35783p=0000e=,0455҂၂ᇁ֥ཛଢࣉྛษં,ቋު,࣮ᆀࣼ෮Ⴕა࣮1ࢲં၂ᇁb֥щղӮਔ၂ᇁ֥܋്bؓᇶေщཛ֥ଽࣽൈׄაଽࣽো...,,:xZ=,7861v=0020e=0233ੱ࠹іb10ა࣮1ࢲંࠎЧ၂ᇁbбࢠ࣮1ބ࣮2ؓ۲ٳোཛଢ֥૭ඍྟљაଽࣽো:xZؽ.,,=0804cؽ,აྟ࠹(ࠧі2ބі10)ॖၛؿགྷ,۲щཛ࣮lࢲં၂ᇁbଢ֥োљٳ҃љ҂ն,ᆃࣉ၂҄ඪૼਔഈྟљაଽࣽᆷཟ...,,:x,=2340p=0505e=,0130აඍщٚൔ֥Ⴕིྟb҂ݖ,ᄝ࣮2ᇏ,ႏ࣮1ࢲંࠎЧ၂ᇁbཧᆀᇶႄؿ֥a՜ࣉྟଽࣽaཨٮᇏӁള֥ྟљაଽࣽႺၹ,:xZ=ؽ,ؽ,აଽࣽၛࠣᆷཟႏཧᆀ֥ଽࣽ֩ཛଢ֥ཌྷؓб࣮1ࢲં၂ᇁb২Ⴕ෮ᄹࡆbଽࣽൈׄაଽࣽᆷཟ..,,,:xZ=19363p==0352ᄝ࣮2ᇏ,ཨٮᆀ૭ඍଽࣽ౦࿂֥Սეა࣮1ࢲં҂(࣮1ᇏܱ৳ܱ༢҂ཁᇷ,Վԩཁնۀॖၛ݂ବູၛ༯ࠫ۱োљ(҆ٳܱ൙ᇷb)ࡱᇏЇݣࠫ۱૭ඍՍე):ଽࣽ(78Ցa)ު߯/ଽࣽٚཟაଽࣽো..:,,x,ؽ.,26367p=0000e=0402߃҂ট(18Ցa)Ҙ/ࣽ/ώସ(16Ցa)҂ݺა࣮1ࢲં҂(࣮1ᇏܱ৳ܱ༢҂ཁᇷ,Վԩཁၩන/ݖၩ҂ಀ/ྏ҂ν/Аవ(24Ցa)ؓ҂ᇷb)ఏ(6Ցa)҂ሱᄝ(3Ց)ၛࠣ҂ؓ(3Ց)֩bሹ֥টु,࣮1ᇏն҆ٳܱ৳ܱ༢ᄝ࣮2ᇏ္֤ॖཨٮᆀ֥ଽࣽ౦࿂ุဒᇶေႵၛഈࠫᇕ֞ਔᆦӻ,ᆺႵഒਈࢲંა࣮1թᄝҵၳbіղٚൔ,ࠇᆀඪაၛഈิ֥ࠣࠫᇕ౦࿂Ⴕ(ඹ)ؓః໙ี֥ฐ෬ྟٳ༅ܱb.,ႏཧᆀႄؿ֥ཨٮᆀଽࣽٳ༅ᆃсྶᆷԛ֥൞:(l)࣮ᆀᄝק၂ࠎႿၛ༯֥ჰၹ,ႏཧᆀႄؿ֥ཨٮᆀଽࣽႄఏਔ۱൙ࡱ൞ڎඋႿႵིဢЧൈ,Ⴈਔ࣮1ᇏ࣮ᆀ֥ᇗܱׄᇿ:(l)ႏཧᆀႄؿ֥ཨٮᆀଽࣽ෮ᅝ֥၂122၂
uܵൗࢸv(ᄅ़)2011୍ֻ9௹і1ႏཧᆀႄؿ֥ཨٮᆀଽࣽٳ༅ཨٮᆀଽࣽl၂.,,~_၂܅ѳᆀአႏཧᆀྛई২۱ٚ૫֥ჰၹႄఏ֥:၂൞ཨٮᆀᄝ۱ྟٚ૫֥ҵၳ,োູোູົ؇бೂ,҂ཨٮᆀྟ۬หᇉᇏ֥ଽࣽౠཟ֥ҵၳ,ႏཧᆀႄؿࠒࠞྛູӁิ܂૧ٮഅࠇڛༀ(5Ց)ᄯӮૌؓႏཧᆀࠒࠞྛູ֥ର൳؇҂bଽࣽࡎ۬ၩᇏ؟ᅳఫࠇഒ൬ఫ(2Ց)ֹࢤ൳ཨٮᆀ֥ߎࡎࣽౠཟ֥֮ཨٮᆀ߶ؓႏཧᆀ֥ࠒࠞྛູԩᆭ(3Ց)ᄝཨٮᆀીջఫൈഗཧമᇀ૧ٮ(2Ց)ಖ,ѩ۳Ⴭᆞ૫ّঌ(ູࠧ՜ࣉྟଽࣽ);طଽࣽౠ֥՜ࣉྟଽ(54Ց)ڛༀڛༀ؇ݺ,ಣ౦ରྏ(16Ց)ཟ֥ۚཨٮᆀ۷ಸၞಪູሱ࠭ؓႏཧᆀఴ؟,ࢃ࣮Ӵྐ,ྐܤग़(8Ց)ࠞ৯ࡩaඪڛЌᆣ(6Ց)ູх૧ᆃ၂ׄ,ᆺݺ࿊ᄴฦх,ᄯӮၝᇅྟଽࣽbग़ܱ༢ຈֹԩग़າࠏ(ೂ֤ᆩбఃഅࡅؽ൞ႏཧᆀᄝࠒࠞྛູഈ֥Ԅ؇Ϝ,ൡ؇֥ࠒࠞߎ؟൬ٮႨ,ॹҀؿࠊ)(3Ց)ඃ࠺,ᇶཟܤग़յᅱޫ(9Ց)ྛູ߶Ӂള՜ࣉྟࢲݔ,طݖ؇֥ࠒࠞྛູ߶۳ཨࠒࠞྛູࡎ۬҂൬ఫࠇીႵ൬౼ႋ൬֥ఫ(4Ց)ٮᆀջট৯,ᄯӮၝᇅྟࢲݔb.(10Ց)ၩᇏ؟ᅳఫ(2Ց)2ཨٮᆀଽࣽԛགྷުཨٮᆀّ֥ႋڛༀิ܂Ⴕቍ֥ڛༀ(ೂൔڛༀ)(lՑ)ରྏ൯ྐ(1Ցᄝཨٮᆀԛགྷଽ)ࣽ౦࿂ުّ֥ႋٚ૫,Dahl֩ႏཧᆀႄႶग़ܱ༢ᇶඃग़յᅱޫ(2Ց)ದ(2003)֥࣮ิ܂ਔ၂۱ޓݺ֥ٳ༅ࡏܒ(བྷ֥ၝᇅྟଽཨࠞྛູӁӁᇉაӵ୶҂ژ(9Ց)ࣽ(]7Ց)భ໓໓ང߭ܤ҆ٳb)ಖطЧ໓࣮ᆀؿགྷૌ֥ࡎ۬ࡎ۬ۚ(1Ց)ӵ୶҂ᄜࢆࡎႻࢆࡎ(1ՑٳোޓაЧ࣮֥ࢲݔཌྷ,ᆃ൞ၹູཌྷؓط)ྴࡌႪ߲(1Ց),Ч࣮ҧᇗႿฐษႏཧᆀაཨٮᆀݖӱᇏڛༀݖႿಋඪaܝཨٮᆀܓઙ(5Ց)Ӂള֥ཨٮᆀଽࣽ,طDahl֩ದ֥ܱ൙ࡱ۷ࡆٗбᇗࢠۚ,ᄝ137۱ႵིဢЧᇏ,Ⴕ81۱උႿႏཧ߄bᆀႄؿ֥ཨٮᆀଽࣽ.,ᅝ591%;(2)Ֆൌ֥࢘ၹՎ,Ч໓࣮ᆀᄝࢹDahl֩ದ֥ٳ༅ࡏܒ؇,ႏཧᆀؓᆃᇕཨٮᆀଽ֥ࣽҠ॥ྟ۷఼,֥ؓࠎԤഈ,۴ऌؓဢЧ֥ٳ༅݂ବ,ࣉ၂҄ࡼଽࣽૌᅚष࣮۷ಸၞ֤֞Ⴕൌၩၬ֥ႏཧఓൕbԛགྷުཨٮᆀّ֥ႋಒקູඹնো:(1)Ҁӊ,ࠧؓ๙ݖؓ81۱ႏཧᆀႄؿཨٮᆀଽ֥ࣽဢЧ֥ۋ֞ఴ֥၂ٚҐ౼Ҁӊ֥ٚൔ,ЇওᇗگܻܤࠇԚ҄ٳ༅,࣮ᆀϜႏཧᆀႄؿཨٮᆀଽ֥ࣽྛູܓઙ,ؓႿ૧ٮഅࠇڛༀൡ֒ڱٮҀӊ֩;(2)ྩ߃ٳູਆᇕোiࠒࠞྛູaཨࠞྛູ,4۱ົ؇ᆞ,ࠧؓሱ֥࠭ྛູࣉྛྩר,টࡨሱ֥࠭ଽࣽ,iӁaࡎ۬aڛༀaग़ܱ༢bऎุіb11ЇওࡨഒܓઙਈࠇܻܤՑඔ,҂ᄜܓઙ,ሇཟљ֥࣮ᆀؿགྷ:ႏཧᆀႄؿ֥՜ࣉྟଽࣽन൞ႮഅࡅࠇӁ,ሹࢲࣜဒ࢝֩;(3)ሱॺ໎,ࠧ࿙ႿႏཧᆀᄝӁaࡎ۬aڛༀaग़ܱ༢4۱ົ؇ഈᅳ۲ᇕႮᆣૼሱ࠭ቓ֤ؓ,Їও࿙Ⴎކ߄Ӂളਔࠒࠞྛູbطႏཧᆀႄؿ֥ၝᇅྟଽࣽᄵሱ֥࠭ྛູ,ٳ༅ሱ࠭ܓઙࠇ҂ܓઙ֥ჰၹ֩;(4)ࠧॖିটሱႿᆃ4۱ົ؇֥ཨࠞྛູ,္ॖିჷሱฦх,ࠧฦхሱ֥࠭ଽࣽ౦࿂,҂ቔູbఃᇏ,Ҁӊࠒࠞྛູbᆃ၂֥ׄಒରದ࿙,ဢ൞ႏཧᆀࠒّႋඋႿ՜ࣉྟଽࣽ,ਸ਼ຓ3ᇕّႋᄵඋႿၝᇅྟࠞྛູ,ೂႏཧᆀᄝࡎ۬ٚ૫ิ܂حຓoࣙ༟p,ᄝଽࣽbڛༀഈᇛ֞༥ᇁ,ࠇ൞ᄝग़ܱ༢ഈᇶಣ౦,࠻ᄝႏཧᆀႄؿཨٮᆀଽ֥ࣽ81۱ܱ൙ࡱᇏ,ॖିಞཨٮᆀӁളవၩaۋत҂ݺၩන,ՖطջটཨٮᆀّႋູҀӊ֥Ⴕ.54۱,ᅝ67%,ྩᆞ19۱,ؓႏཧᆀ֥حຓҀӊ,္ॖି၂ུཨٮᆀؓo҂ᅝ%,ሱॺ໎4۱,ᅝ%,ฦх4۱,ᅝၬᆭҍpao૧ٮҔpࠇಣ౦ড়ષྏթі12ႏཧᆀႄؿଽ֥ࣽཨٮᆀّႋऎุྙൔࣽ,ູਔх૧ሱ࠭ఴႏཧᆀݖ؟,Ґ౼ຬطཨٮᆀଽ֥ࣽোཨٮᆀّႋ֥োई২ಏ֥҄߭хౠཟބྛູbၛགྷႵඔऌູၝᇅྟଽࣽྩᆞ(19Ց)҂ᄜܓઙࠇཟದڵ૫࿆Ԯ(12Ց)࣐ਈࡨഒܓઙਈࠇܻܤՑඔ(3Ց)২:ႏཧᆀ֥ࠒࠞྛູႵ%ᄯӮਔ՜ሇཟљ֥അࡅࠇӁ(2Ց)ࣉྟଽࣽሹࢲࣜဒ࢝(2Ց).,156%ᄯӮਔၝᇅྟଽࣽbሱॺ໎(4Ց)࿙Ⴎކ߄ሱ֥࠭ྛູ(4Ց)ପહ,൞હჰၹ֝ᇁႏཧᆀѬ༯֥ฦх(4Ց)ฦх(4Ց)oᇕp߶ൈषԛoݺݔpބo७ݔp?Ֆ՜ࣉྟଽࣽҀӊ(54Ց)ᇗگܓઙࠇܻܤ(25Ց)ཨٮᆀ֥ྟљބ୍ਭটु,රެໃ֞ૼܓઙࠇཨٮ(23Ց)ၛުႪ༵ॉ੮(5Ց)ཁ֥ҵၳb࣮ᆀԚ҄ಪູᆃॖି൞ႮਆؓႿ૧ٮഅࠇڛༀൡ֒ڱٮҀӊ(lՑ)123
ႏӈᇏ֥ཨٮᆀଽࣽ۽അܵંંฆ.49%bऎุіb12ݙᄝᆃБਔbၹູᄝഈ၂࿐௹֥ႇეज़ᇏ,ᆞӈ.3ཨٮᆀଽ֥ࣽؿᅚٳ༅࢚ٮႋھູ50ჭ,ૌၹູ൞֥ழႶ,ࡔथ҂࣮ᆀߎؿགྷ,ᄝ҆ٳσ২(܋6২)ᇏ,ཨٮᆀ൬ٮbۋ֞ޓ҂ݺၩන,ၹູૌሿٜa౨ದଽ֥ࣽႏཧིႋѩ҂ሹ൞၂Ӯ҂э֥bཨٮᆀ֥ଽླေᆦԛٮႨ,ط֥ཬݙഈज़,ಏ҂൬ٮbೂݔࣽ౦࿂္ԩᄝ҂؎֥ؿᅚᇏ¾bбೂ,ଖུཨӉՎၛສ,ࣼޓ҂ݺbުট,ؓٚᆩ֡ު,ࣼ۳յٮᆀଽࣽᄝӁളൈ൞՜ࣉྟ֥,߶՜ཨٮᆀቓԛ߅,൬ൡ֒ٮႨ,οϖᅼႪ߲bᆃဢնࡅିࢤؓႏཧᆀႵ০֥ܓઙथҦ,طܓઙྛູؿളު,ཨ൳,္҂त֤ఴޓ؟ਔ,ၛުေࡔӻಞݙሰҕٮᆀᄝّනሱ֥࠭ܓઙྛູൈ,ॖି߶Ӂളؓႏཧࡆᆃ۱bpᆀ҂০֥ၝᇅྟଽࣽo;(܋3২)აᆭཌྷّ,ଖུཨٮ൞၂۱CDιݺᆀ,Ⴍః༟ߋᄝຩഈܓઙପᆀଽࣽᄝӁളൈ൞ၝᇅྟ֥,ط๙ݖႏཧᆀაཨٮᇕࣉ१֥յᅼCDbభ҂ࣲ,ᄝ၂ࡅຩഈഅ၂ᆀࣉྛႵི,ೂຈԩग़҂ડ,ᆭުཨٮՑઙਔؽࠫᅦCDbॖି൞ႮႿඔਈ؟,֒ᆀႻӁളؓႏཧᆀႵ০֥՜ࣉྟଽࣽ(܋3২b)յषॹ־Ұൈ,ؿགྷഒਔ၂ᅦ,ྏޓ҂ඡ,त֤՜ࣉྟଽࣽሇ߄ູၝᇅྟଽ֥ׅࣽ২ሰೂሱ࠭֒Ԛႋھ࿊۱ྐუݺ֥છࡅ֥,ิྜሱ࠭ၛު༯:ຩܓေཬሱ,ѩཟછࡅّ႘ਔ,ીམ֞ીݖࠫ฿,છoႵ၂฿,༽ሢી൙,ࣼམ֞xxૅؿܶ,ಞڛༀࡅູਔପᅦCDྍ۳ؿਔEMS,ޓۋ,္ޓჴϺફഡ࠹၂༯ؿb๙ӈᄝପഡ࠹ؿ൞૧ଽࣽbᆃՑളၩ,അࡅ္ሉ҂ਔ؟ഒఫϔ,ॖູࣼٮ֥,ᄝഡ࠹ഽϺഡ࠹ປؿު,ჰЧյෘषᆃહ၂ᅦಌഒ֥CD,หၩؿਔEMS,ቀၛᆣૼఃᆇ֥,ᆃൈ,ഡ࠹ഽඪ,ᆃ၂ؿೂݔเࡆਔxxؿ߶Ӵ,Ӵྐb෮ၛࣜᆃՑ൙ࡱၛު,ड़ק߶ᄜܻ۷ਊbෲࣼሱܤሱֹϺ୫ਔഈಀ,ѩଦࣤሰ۳ܤᆃ۱છࡅ֥,္߶ཟദш֥ݺႶࡩbpᅶ,கш֥ದ္ඪޓݺु,ࣜնࡅᆃહ၂ඪ,ಖᄝഈඍਆ২ᇏ,ཨٮᆀࠇᆀၹູႏཧᆀݖ؇֥ުႻམ֞ഡ࠹ഽϺᅼอਔ϶฿,ྏࣼ๗ଽࣽࠒࠞྛູ,ࠇᆀၹູڵ૫֥ཨࠞྛູ,֝ᇁཨٮᆀ֥,ࢲݔࣼਔ၂г҂ھ֥ఫbϜପสؿઙਔԛགྷၝᇅྟଽࣽ,ෛު,๙ݖႏཧᆀބཨٮᆀᆭ༯ট,ఃൌؓটඪ,ପؿᆇ֥ીႵહႨ,ൈࡗ֥ਅྟ,Ӯۿֹࢆ֮ਔཨٮᆀ֥ଽࣽྏ,ሱ္࠭҂ॖିପဢ୫ؿbೂݔᄜ࿊ᄴ၂Ց,ѩቋᇔӁളਔ՜ࣉྟ֥ࢲݔbधؓ҂߶ઙ֥bpᆴ֤ᆷԛ֥൞:ၝᇅྟଽࣽሇ߄ູ՜ࣉྟଽࣽՖഈ২ᇏ,ૌॖၛؿགྷཨٮᆀՖӉ௹টु൞ླေႏཧᆀ֥ᇶҕა,აཨٮᆀቓਅྟ;طᇆ֥,҂ݖᄝଖՑऎุ֥ܓઙݖӱᇏ,ॖି߶൳՜ࣉྟଽࣽሇ߄ູၝᇅྟଽࣽ,ಏࣇླေཨٮᆀ֥౦ۋၹ֥႕ཙ,бೂႏཧᆀಣ౦ڛༀ,ၛࠣႏཧሱّනࣼିປӮbᆀิ܂૧ٮڛༀࠇ૧ٮӁ,ႏཧᆀᄝႨࠇཚ൳ᆃུ૧ٮڛༀު,߶Ӂള҂ཨٮ߶ؓ҂ఏႏཧᆀ֥ੂa࣮ࢲંaൌၩၬa҂ቀଽࣽ౦ۋ,֝ᇁԊྟܓઙbطᄝܓઙྛູؿളࠣ༯၂࣮҄ٚཟު,ཨٮᆀ֥ᇆࡶࡶؿߨቔႨ,ཨٮᆀषር༥Ч࣮ᄝݓଽຓགྷႵ໓ང֥ࠎԤഈ,Ֆႏཧᆀֹٳ༅ሱ֥࠭ܓઙྛູ,ೂӁ֥ࡎ۬൞ڎݖۚ,აཨٮᆀ֥൪࢘,ᄝᇏݓМࣟ༯,Ⴈ؟ဢЧᇉਈ൞ڎթᄝ໙ี,ሱ࠭൞ڎಒൌླေھഅࠇڛ(࿐ളဢЧބ٤࿐ളဢЧ,)ҐႨܱ൙ࡱم,๙ݖༀb֒ཨٮᆀ֤ԛڎק֥ࢲંު,՜ࣉྟଽࣽьሇؓടࠣཨٮᆀଽ֥ܱࣽ൙ࡱ֥ࢳ༅,ؓཨٮᆀଽ߄ູၝᇅྟଽࣽ,ཨٮᆀषު߯ሱ֥࠭ྛູ,ѩࣽࣉྛਔࢠಆ૫֥ฐ෬ྟ࣮bЧ࣮֥ᇶေࢲ๙ݖሹࢲࣜဒ࢝,थྏၛުऋध૧ٮڛༀ,҂ᄜંೂ༯bཨٮোරഅ,҂ᄜܻܤھഅࡅ֩ٚൔটࡨሱ࠭(1)Ч࣮ิԛѩဒᆣਔՖႏཧིႋ࢘؇ؓཨ֥ଽࣽbٮᆀଽࣽࣉྛ֥ٳো:՜ࣉྟଽࣽބၝᇅྟଽࣽbၝᇅྟଽࣽሇ߄ູ՜ࣉྟଽ֥ࣽਆ۱২ሰೂߐᆭ,ཨٮᆀଽࣽ࠻ॖି۳ႏཧݖӱջটᆞ૫֥༯:႕ཙ,္ॖିջটڵ૫֥႕ཙbo֥ཬݙᄝxࠏܒഈຓეज़,ᆃ۱(2)აགྷႵ໓ང҂,Ч࣮Ⴍఃܱᇿႏཧᆀࠏܒ֥ϰ൞֥ழႶbᆃ۱ݥࡌ,थק҂۳ཬᄝཨٮᆀଽࣽᇏ෮ఏ֥ቔႨb࣮іૼ,ႏཧᆀႵ124
uܵൗࢸv(ᄅ़)2011୍ֻ9௹ၩ്֥ྛູࠇၩ֥ྛູॖିႄؿཨٮᆀଽ֩4۱ٚ૫bఃᇏ,ႏཧᆀཨ֥ࠞྛູބ؇ሹ൞ࣽbఃᇏ,ႏཧᆀ๙ݖࠒࠞྛູটᄹ఼ཨٮᆀଽࣽఏሢၝᇅྟ֥ቔႨ,طႏཧᆀࠒ֥ࠞྛູބ؇ಏൈ,࠻ॖିཨٮᆀቓԛҀӊa߭Б֥ࠒّࠞႋ,္ѩ٤ሹఏሢ՜ࣉྟ֥ቔႨ,ႮႿཨٮᆀ۱ุ֥ҵॖିၹູଽࣽطҐ౼ຬطಏ֥҄߭хౠཟބྛၳ,ఃؓႿႏཧᆀႶݺྛູ֥ࢳሹ൞թᄝҵၳ,ູbࠧႏཧᆀѬ༯֥oᇕp࠻ॖି൬ࠆoݺݔp,္҆ٳཨٮᆀѩ҂჻ၩӵ൳ႏཧᆀ֥ݺၩ,ط࿊ᄴؓॖି֤֞oذݔpbႏཧᆀ҂০֥ྛູb(3)๙ݖؓཨٮᆀଽࣽ൙ࡱ҂࢘؇֥૭ඍ,ၹՎ,ႏཧᆀᄝڛༀཨٮᆀ֥ݖӱᇏ,ఃࠒࠞЧ࣮ܴҳ֞ၛ༯၂ུॖି֥ܱ৳ܱ༢,ູު࿃֥ྛ္ູթᄝ؇֥໙ี,ൡਈ֥ࠒࠞྛູބ؇߶ఏဒᆣྟൌᆣ࣮ิ܂ਔනਫ਼ބཌ෬:ཌྷؓႿ٤ႏཧ֞՜ࣉཨٮ֥ቔႨ,ݖ؇,ᄵ߶ࡼཨٮᆀ༲,՜ᆀႄؿ֥ཨٮᆀଽࣽ,ႏཧᆀႄؿ֥ཨٮᆀଽࣽնཨٮᆀّනఃݖႿಣ౦ࠇ૧ٮڛༀМު֥ჰၹ؟ᆷཟႏཧᆀሱ࠭,ൈׄն؟ԛགྷᄝཨٮᇏބཨٮބଢ֥,ఏ֞ཌྷّ֥ቔႨbၹՎႏཧᆀᄝൌᇏႋު,Ֆົ؇ഈটुၛ֣֡ଽູࣽᇶ,္۷ಸၞջট࣐ਈᄝӁaࡎ۬aڛༀ؇ၛࠣԩग़ܱ༢ٚؓႏཧᆀႵ০ི֥ႋbّᆭ,٤ႏཧᆀႄؿ֥ཨٮ૫؟Ⴈࠒࠞྛູ,ൈ္ေᇿၩؓཨٮᆀ۱ุҵᆀଽࣽն؟ᆷཟཨٮᆀሱ࠭ބದ,ൈׄն؟ԛགྷၳބࠒࠞྛູ؇֥Ϝbᄝཨٮభބཨٮު,Ֆົ؇ഈটुၛҍༀଽູࣽ(2)๙ݖิ܂૧ٮڛༀބཨٮරެӮਔଖུྛᇶ,္۷ಸၞջটؓႏཧᆀ҂০ི֥ႋbြࠇഅࡅ་ႄܤग़֥൭؍,২ೂૅಸૅؿྛြሹ൞(4)֒ཨٮᆀۋतଽࣽൈ,္ॖିϴෛӁളުູཨٮᆀ༵ิ܂၂Ցྟ૧ٮࠇ൞૧ٮؿഡ߯aҘaࣽaώସa҂ݺၩනaݖၩ҂ಀaྏ҂࠹֩,ಣ౦ູཨٮᆀڛༀ,ಞః૧ٮ൫ႨުӁള҂νaАవaؓ҂ఏa҂ሱᄝ֩ྏሑbႵൈ,ᆃུཨٮ҂ݺၩන֥ଽࣽ,ᆃᇕଽࣽᄝ؋௹ଽಒൌ՜іҪ֥ሑ߶ဃۂཨٮᆀധҪ֥ଽࣽ౦࿂,Ӯູཨ၂ུཨٮᆀࣉྛཨٮࠇܓઙ၂ུః֥അሱٮᆀಪ്֥֞౦࿂ᇶܱՍb֒ಖ,ѩ٤෮Ⴕ֥ཨ࠭त֤҂ఴႏཧᆀbಖطӉ௹ुট,ೂݔཨٮᆀٮᆀଽࣽ౦࿂߶ԛགྷᆃུሑ;္ѩ٤෮Ⴕ֥ުᄝّනݖӱᇏत֤ሱ࠭ഈ֒൳ௌਔࠇ҂߃ෘ֩,ᄵ߯֩ྏሑჷႿཨٮᆀଽ֥ࣽჰၹb߶Ӂള၂۱Ӊ௹֥ၝᇅྟଽࣽbၹՎᄝӉ௹֥ࣜႏݖӱᇏ,(5)֒ཨٮᆀԛགྷଽࣽ౦࿂ᆭު,Ⴕ4ᇕّႋ:૧ٮҦ֥ቔႨٚཟ൞҂ૼಒ֥,ఏᇶҀӊaྩᆞaሱॺ໎აฦхbఃᇏ,Ҁӊ߶ջটႵ֝ቔႨ֥ಯ൞ཨٮᆀ֥ᇆၛࠣႏཧᆀӁބڛ০Ⴟႏཧᆀ֥ުݔ,طު3ᇕّႋᄵ߶ၝᇅཨٮᆀༀ֥ᆇൌᇉਈb֒భބໃট֥ཨٮ,҂০Ⴟႏཧᆀb֒ಖ,ቔູ၂ཛฐ෬ྟ࣮,Ч໓෮ิԛ֥ࢲંߎႵր۷؟ൌᆣ࣮֥ဒb(6)Ч࣮ߎіૼ,ཨٮᆀଽࣽ౦࿂թᄝ၂۱ਸ਼ຓ,Ч࣮෮ؿᅚ֥ݖӱbᄝᆃ۱ݖӱᇏ,ཨٮᆀଽ֥ࣽোႨ֥ሹဢЧਈ၇ಖбࢠႵཋ,ൈ,ࠧ൞࣮,2ॖିؿളэ߄,бೂՖӁളԚ௹֥ၝᇅྟଽࣽሇဢЧ୍֥ਭࢲܒ္ொ୍߄,҂ܔམbᆃུࢆ߄ູ՜ࣉྟଽࣽ,ࠇᆀཌྷّbၝᇅྟଽࣽሇ߄ູ՜֮ਔЧ࣮ࢲં֥ຓི҆؇b҂ݖ,ቔູ၂ཛฐ෬ࣉྟଽࣽླေႏཧᆀ֥ᇶҕა,აཨٮᆀቓਅྟྟ࣮,Ч࣮֥ᇶေଢ֥ᄝႿູໃট࣮ิ܂၂;ط՜ࣉྟଽࣽሇ߄ູၝᇅྟଽࣽ,ಏࣇླေ۱නॉॿࡏބ࣮නਫ਼,ط҂ᄝႿ၂ུऎุ֥ࢲંཨٮᆀ֥ሱّනࣼିປӮbЧദ(ೂ҂োљଽ֥ࣽбᇗ,ཨٮᆀؓଽࣽ౦࿂Чູ࣮ౢཨٮᆀଽ࣮ࣽᇏ֥҂ۀ҂ّႋ֥б২֩b)ބٳো֥ܱ༢ิ܂ਔ၂۱ᆜุ֥ॿࡏ,္ູު࿃֥ऎุط,ၛ༯ਆ۱໙ีᆴ֤ࣉ၂҄නॉ:(l)࣮ิ܂ਔॖି֥නਫ਼bൈ,Ч࣮֥ࢲંؓႏႏཧᆀ෮ႄؿ֥ཨٮᆀଽࣽ,Ⴍః൞ႏཧᆀࠒࠞᇶཧᆀࣉྛൌࠃ္Ⴕࢹၩၬ,ऎุط,Їݣྛູ෮ႄؿ֥ଽࣽ,ູહ߶ջটཌྷّ֥ႏཧིၛ༯ࠫٚ૫bႋ?ࠧཨٮᆀູહႵൈลБ,ႵൈႻটط҂(l)ႏཧᆀ֥ྛູބ؇ؓཨٮᆀଽࣽႵᇗေສ?ఃᇏࢺэਈބטࢫэਈႵଧུ?ᄸဢҌିх႕ཙ,ႏཧᆀ֥ྛູބ؇ᇶေٳູࠒ֥ࠞྛູބ૧ཨࠞ႕ཙ,՜ࠒིࠞݔ֥ཁགྷ?(2)ཨٮᆀଽࣽ؇ၛࠣཨ֥ࠞྛູބ؇ਆնো,ऎุႻุགྷᄝؿᅚ֥ܿੰೂޅ?ႏཧᆀॖၛؓՎݖӱࣉྛႏཧᆀ֥Ӂaࡎ۬aڛༀ؇ၛࠣԩग़ܱ༢ᄸဢ֥ۄყ,ՖطջটႵ০Ⴟ֥࠭ࢲݔ?ᆃུႵ၂125
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