1
Translating
Business
Contract
2
Knowledge Objective：
1. 了解合同、商务合同的定义、分类及主要
构成要素。
2. 认识并掌握商务合同的语言特点和翻译技
巧。
Capacity Objective：
1. 能够正确翻译商务合同中的常用术语和句
式。
2. 能够翻译英文商务合同、协议书、确认书、
备忘录等常见合同文本。
3
warm-up: Translate the following sentences
1. Unless it is legally or physically
impossible, the contractor shall execute
and complete the works and remedy the
defects therein in strict accordance with
the contract to the satisfaction of the
engineer.
2. In case of any divergence of
interpretation, the English text shall
prevail.
4
1. Unless it is legally or physically impossible,
the contractor shall execute and complete the
works and remedy the defects therein in
strict accordance with the contract to the
satisfaction of the engineer.
physically 物质地，自然地，（法）外界条件
除法律或外界条件不允许的情况外，承包
商应该严格按照合同施工和竣工，并改正
工作中的任何缺陷，以达到工程师满意的
程度。
5
2. In case of any divergence of
interpretation, the English text shall
prevail.
divergence of interpretation解释上的分歧
如在解释上遇到分歧，应以英文本为准。
Note：“解释”可以译为construction,
exposition, explanation, etc.但是针对法
律条文的“解释”应译为
interpretation. 由此体现合同用词的准
确性。
6
Warm-up: Find out any improper parts in the
following rendering of the sentence.
本开发区内外商投资企业生产的出口
产品，除国家另有规定的产品外，可
免征关税。
Exports products manufactured by
foreign invested enterprises in the
Development Zone, except those under
other existing regulations by the State,
shall be exempted from Customs duty.
Exports本身就
有“出口产品
”的意思
语义重复，
可以用duty-
free代替
太啰嗦了。可以
用unless
otherwise
regulated代替
7
本开发区内外商投资企业生产的出口产
品，除国家另有规定的产品外，可免征
关税。
Revised
Exports manufactured by foreign-
invested enterprises in the
Development Zone are duty-free,
unless otherwise regulated by the
State.
8
A contract in this Law refers to an
agreement establishing, modifying and
terminating the civil rights and obligations
between subjects of equal footing, that is，
between natural persons, legal persons or
other organizations.
合同是平等主体的自然人、法人、其他组织
之间设立、变更、终止民事权利义务关系的
协议。 ---《中华人民共和国合同法》第二条
9
What is business contract?
Business contract refers to rules and regulations
in legal forms as per all parties involved to
ensure duties and obligations while on business.
商务合同是指有关各方之间在进行某种商务
合作时，为了确定各自的权利和义务，而正
式依法订立的、并且经过公证的、必须共同
遵守的协议条文。
10
Classification of business contracts
Sales/ Purchase confirmation 购销合同
Contract of Credits Loans 信贷合同
Contract for Leasing Affairs 租赁合同
Contract of Cooperation 协作合同
Contract for Processing Trade 加工合同
11
Construction Contract 基建合同
Insurance Contract 保险合同
Contract for International Transportation
国际运输合同
Contract for BOT（Build-Operate-Transfer）
国际投资合同
12
Contract for Technology Transfer
技术转让合同
Contract for International Engineering
Projects 国际工程承包合同
Employment Contract 聘请雇员合同
Contract for Different Trade Forms
多种贸易方式相结合合同
13
Foreign business contracts 涉外商务合同
涉外商务合同
---具有涉外因素的商务合同。
涉外因素包括：合同主体的一方或双方是外
国自然人或法人，或无国籍人；合同标的是位于
外国的物、财产或需要在外国完成的行为；合同
权利义务内容据以产生的法律事实发生在外国。
14
Categories of business contracts:
various contracts:
涉外商务合同按繁简不同，可以采取不同的
书面形式
正式合同 （Contract）
协议书 （Agreement）
确认书 （Confirmation）
备忘录 （Memorandum）
订单 （Order）,etc
15
Contract and agreement
Contract is a legally binding agreement
合同就是有法律约束力的协议
Curzon A Dictionary of Law
16
Contents in a business contract
Title & Preamble
合同名称& 前文/前言
Body
合同正文
Witness Clause
结尾/证明条款
17
title & Preamble
1)订约日期和地点
（Date and Place of Signing）
2) 合同当事人及其国籍、主要营业场所或住所
（Signing Parties and Their Nationalities,
Principal Place of Business or Residence
Addresses）
18
3) 当事人合法依据
（Each Party’s Authority
如该公司是 “按当地法律正式组织而存在
的” A Corporation Duly Organized and
Existing Under the Laws of XXX）
4)订约缘由/说明条款
（Recitals or Whereas Clause）
19
包括定义条款、基本条款和一般条款
定义条款（Definition Clause）
---对合同中重复出现的关键名词术语进行明
确定义，给出明确解释。
Common expressions:
本办法所称的证券是指…
The securities termed herein refer to…
Body本文
20
基本条款（Basic Conditions）：
1. Name and address
当事人的名称或者姓名和住所
2. 标的 Mark---合同的客体，即当事人权利义
务共同指向的对象。合同标的可以是货物，
也可以是劳务，还可以是技术成果或工程项
目等，但法律禁止的行为与禁止转让的物不
得作为合同标的
3. Quality and quantity 数量与质量
4. Price or remuneration 价款或酬金
21
4. The time, place and performance
履行的期限、地点和方式
履行期限，是指享有权利的一方要求对方
履行义务的时间
履行地点，是指合同当事人履行和接受履
行合同义务的地方；
履行方式，是指当事人履行义务所采用的
方法。
22
5. Responsibility of breach of contract
违约责任
违约责任是指合同当事人因违
反合同义务所应承担的法律责任。设
定违约责任条款，有助于督促当事人
自觉履行合同义务，但违约条款的有
无，一般并不影响合同的有效成立
23
6. Settlement for dispute 解决争议的办法
当事人可在合同中约定发生争议时所
采用的解决办法，如仲裁、诉讼等。
此外，当事人认为必须在合同中明确
的其他内容，也是合同的基本条款。
24
一般条款（General Terms and
Conditions）：
合同有效期（Duration）
合同的终止（Termination）
不可抗力（Force Majeure）
合同的让与（Assignment）
25
仲裁（Arbitration）
适用的法律（Governing Law）
诉讼管辖（Jurisdiction）
通知手续（Notice）
合同修改（Amendment）
其他（Others）
26
“根据”条文的表达
按照…（法律 /依据）订立本合同。
The following contract is formulated
according to…
The rules are formulated pursuant to …
The agreement is formulated on the basis
of…
27
订立合同“目的”的表达方法
With the view to improving… the present
contract is formulated.
The present Procedures are made out in the
view to strengthen…
This Law is formulated in order to
protect…
28
“实施”的表达方式
本细则自2010年5月12日起施行。
These rules go into effect/ force on May 12,
2010.
本办法自发布之日起施行。
The present
29
“例外”的表达方式
合营企业可以按不超过营业额5%的比
例缴纳土地使用费，但需经过市土地
局核定。
Joint ventures may also, subject to
approval by the Land Bureau, pay land
use fee at a rate of not more than 5
percent of their turnover.
30
结尾/证明条款（Witness Clause）
份数 (copies)
使用的文字和效力（Concluding
Sentence）
签名（Signature）
合同的附件 Appendices (包括图表、担保
书、相关协议等)
31
CONTRACT
CONTRACT NO.
SIGNING DATE/PLACE
THE BUYER：
Name
Legal Address
Contact
THE SELLER：
Name
Legal Address
Title
合同名称
32
Contract
This contract is made by and between the
Buyer and the Seller. Whereby the Buyer
agrees to buy and the Seller agrees to sell the
under-mentioned commodity according to the
terms and conditions.
买卖双方经协商，签署本合同。根据合同
条款规定，买方同意购买，卖方同意出售
下列货物。
Preamble
合同前言
33
NAME OF COMMODITY AND SCOPE OF
THE CONTRACT
货物名称及合同适用范围
2. PRICE
3. PAYMENT
4. PACKING
Body
合同正文
34
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this contract has been
executed effective as of the date first above
written.
双方证明，合同自签署之日起生效。
THE BUYER THE SELLER
___________ ___________
By：__________ By：__________
Date：_________ Date：_________
THE END USER ___________
By： __________
Date： witness clause
证明条款
35
Word bank
minute of talks 会议纪要
validity clauses of contracts 合同生效条款
definition and whereas 定义及鉴于条款
assignment and guaranty of contracts
合同转让与担保条款
36
rescission and termination of contracts
合同的解除与终止条款
default and escape
违约与免责条款
arbitration and jurisdiction
仲裁与法律条款
international conventions and practice
国际惯例
37
Features of Language in Business
Contract
1. rich in terminology
We have covered the goods against the
risk of breakage, TPND, etc.
我方给货物投保破损险与盗窃及提货
不着险。
(TPND---Theft, Pilferage and Non-
Delivery 盗窃及提货不着险)
38
2. rich in legal words
商务合同属于法律文书，为表现其权威性和
严肃性，多使用正式、庄重的法律词语。
Contracts shall be concluded in accordance
with the principle of equality and mutual
benefit and of achieving agreement through
consultation.
合同应在平等互利的基础上签订，并且协
议各方一致同意各条款。
该句中的in accordance with 为法律合同
常用词语，比according to 正式。
39
3. rich in old-used words
Hereafter 自此，今后 hereby 特此/兹此
Herein 此中，于此 hereinafter 在下文
Hereof 在本文中 thereto 另外，随附
Thereof 其中，它的 whereas 鉴于
Whereby 凭借 whereupon 因此，于是
40
4. rich in parallel structure
在英语商务合同中，为了表达的严
密性，通常将众多并列成分如单词、短
语、从句等平行排列，组成对等结构，
使表达的思想脉络分明，层次清晰。最
常见的对等结构是由and或by连接的并
列成分。
41
A contract of sale need not be concluded
in or evidenced by writing and is not
subject to any other requirement as to
form.
销售合同无需以书面订立或书面证明，
在形式方面也不受任何其他条件的限制。
本句中，concluded in，evidenced by，
subject to构成对等结构，增强了句子的平等
感，使表达更加严密。
42
5. rich in special patterns
英语商务合同中大量使用被动语
态、非谓语动词、情态动词、倒装句、
省略句、条件句、介词（短语）、插
入语等法律和商务文书类常用句型。
43
In case the contract is concluded on
CIF basis, the insurance shall be effected by
the Seller for 110% of invoice value
covering all risks, war risk, . risks
(. Strikes, Riot, and Civil Commotions).
在到岸价基础上订立的合同，将由卖方
按发票金额的110%投保综合险、战争险、
罢工险、暴乱险和民变险。
本句是有关合同保险条款的内容，其中
用了被动语态（is concluded，shall be
effected）、非谓语动词（covering all
risks...)、情态动词(shall)，另外还用了“in
case”引导的条件句。
44
45
Translating special terms in contracts
合同英语的用词极其考究，翻译成汉语时往
往具有约定俗成的汉语表达方式，通常需
要注意以下几个方面的情况：
（1）情态动词may、shall、must、may not
（或shall not）的翻译
（2）法律合同用副词的翻译
（3）同义词的翻译
46
情态动词may、shall、must、may not（或
shall not）的翻译
may 旨在约定当事人的权利（可以做什
么）
shall 约定当事人的义务（应当做什么）
must 用于强制性义务（必须做什么）
may not /shall not 用于禁止性义务（不
得做什么）
47
The parties hereto shall, first of all, settle
any dispute arising from or in connection
with the contact by friendly negotiations.
双方首先应通过友好协商，解决因
合同而发生的或与合同有关的争议。
48
Should such negotiations fail, such dispute may
be referred to the People’s Court having
jurisdiction on such dispute for settlement in
the absence of any arbitration clause in the
disputed contract or in default of agreement
reached after such dispute occurs.
如果协商未果，合同中又无仲裁条款约定或
争议发生后未就仲裁达成一致的，可将争议提
交有管辖权的人民法院解决。
本句中的should 和may表达准确。出现争
议后应当先行协商，所以采用了义务性“约定
”；如果协商解决不了，作为当事人的权利，
用选择性约定may也很妥当。
49
Synonyms 同义词的翻译
英语商务合同中，常把几个同义词并列
使用，以避免合同双方当事人按自己
的意图来理解合同条文从而导致歧义。
翻译时，应取这几个同义词的共义，
以保证内容准确，维护法律文件的严
肃性。
50
Synonyms
terms and conditions （条款）
made and sign （签订）
force and effect （效力）
all and any （所有）
each and every （每一个）
51
approve and accept （同意接受）
by and between （与）
fulfill and perform （履行）
save and except （除了）
final and conclusive （最终）
52
Translating patterns in contracts
英语商务合同中，有些句式是几乎
每一份合同都要用到的，这些句式的
翻译也往往是约定俗成的。翻译者若
善于积累，学会套用，将会收到事半
功倍的效果。
53
Common patterns
The contract is made out in English and
Chinese languages in quadruplicate, both
texts being equally authentic, and each
Party shall hold two copies of each text.
本合同用英文和中文两种文字写成，
一式四份。双方执英文本和中文本各
一式两份，两种文字具有同等效力。
54
This contract is signed by the authorized
representatives of both parties on Dec. 9, 2009.
After signing the contract, both parties shall
apply to their respective Government
Authorities for ratification. The date of
ratification last obtained shall be taken as the
effective date of the contract. Both parties
shall exert their utmost efforts to obtain the
ratification within 60 days and shall advise the
other party by telex and thereafter send a
registered letter for confirmation.
55
This contract is signed by the authorized
representatives of both parties on Dec. 9,
2009.
本合同由双方代表于2009年12月9日签订。
56
After signing the contract, both parties shall
apply to their respective Government
Authorities for ratification.
合同签订后，由各方分别向本国政府当
局申请批准，…
57
The date of ratification last obtained shall
be taken as the effective date of the
contract.
…以最后一方的批准日期为本合同的生
效日期，
58
Both parties shall exert their utmost efforts
to obtain the ratification within 60 days
and shall advise the other party by telex
and thereafter send a registered letter for
confirmation.
双方应力争在60天内获得批准，用电传
通知对方，并用挂号信件确认。
59
The contract shall be valid for 10 years
from the effective date of the contract, on
the expiry of the validity term of contract,
the contract shall automatically become
null and void.
本合同有效期从合同生效之日起共
10年，有效期满后，本合同自动失效。
60
The outstanding claims and liabilities
existing between both parties on the
expiry of the validity of the contract shall
not be influenced by the expiration of this
contract. The debtor shall be kept liable
until the debtor fully pays up his debts to
the creditor.
本合同期限届满时，双方发生的未
了债权和债务不受合同期满的影响，
债务人应向债权人继续偿付未了债务。
61
Any clause, covenant or agreement in a contract of
carriage relieving the carrier or the ship from
liability for loss or damage to, or in connection
with, goods arising from negligence, fault or
failure in duties and obligations provided in this
article or lessening such liability otherwise than
provided in these rules shall be null and void and
no effect.
运输契约中任何条款、约定或协议，凡解除
承运人或船舶由于疏忽、过失或未履行本条款
规定的责任和义务，而引起货物或关于货物的
丢失或损害责任的，或在本公约外减轻这种责
任的，都应作废或无效。
62
另外，一些英语商务合同中常用短语的汉译也
比较固定，翻译时可套用。
hereinafter referred to as 以下称
whereas 鉴于
in witness whereof 兹证明
for and on behalf of 代表
by virtue of 因为
prior to 在……之前
as regards/concerning/relating to 关于
cease to do 停止做
in effect 事实上
miscellaneous 其他事项
63
Criteria of translation
外贸合同是法律文件，属于庄重文体。
因此外贸合同的翻译应当遵循准确严
谨、规范通顺的翻译原则
用词准确
术语统一
格式完整
64
Read the following sentence and its version. Can
you find anything wrong/ improper?
By irrevocable Letter of Credit available by
Sellers documentary bill at sight to be valid for
negotiation in China until 15 days after date of
shipment, the Letter of Credit must reach the
Sellers 30 days before the contracted month of
shipment.
以不可取消的信用证，凭卖方即期付有的
票据协商，有效期应为装运期15天后在中
国到期，该信用证必须于合同规定的装运
月份前30天到达卖方。
不可撤销信用证
译为“即期付有单据的票
据”，概念不清，票据概
念广泛，包括汇票、本票、
支票等，在外贸合同支付
条款中的票据应该为“汇
票”，应译为“跟单汇票
”
应为“
议付”
装运期
后15天
65
By irrevocable Letter of Credit available
by Sellers documentary bill at sight to be
valid for negotiation in China until 15
days after date of shipment, the Letter of
Credit must reach the Sellers 30 days
before the contracted month of shipment.
Revised: 以不可撤销的信用证，凭卖方
即期跟单汇票议付，有效期应为装运
期后15天在中国到期。该信用证必须
于合同规定的装运月份前30天到达卖
方。
66
Read the following sentence and its version. Can
you find anything wrong/ improper?
The balance should be settled upon the arrival
of the goods at the port of destination.
余款在货物到达目的港后结算。
Note：翻译合同必须严谨准确，原文中upon
含有“后一个动作将在前一个动作之后随
即或马上发生”之意，必须翻译出来，因
此译文存在漏洞，容易被不法商人利用。
Revised: 余款应在货物货物到达目的港后即行
支付。
67
Read the following sentence and its version. Can
you find anything wrong/ improper?
Total value: US$5,400, (Say: US Dollars
FIVE MILLION FOUR HUNDRED
THOUSAND only)
总价：5，400，美元
Note: 翻译必须忠实于原文，不能随意去掉大
写部分，专业性和严密性必须要注意。
Revised: 总价: 5，400，美元(大写：伍
佰肆拾万美元）
68
The carrier’s responsibility for the cargo ceases
immediately when the cargo leaves the ship’s
tackle and thereafter all risks and expenses
involved are the responsibility of the cargo.
当货物离开轮船挂钩时，运送者的责任立即
终止，此后的一切风险和费用均和货物本
身相关。
Note: 原文中三个“cargo”意思不尽相同，
第三个cargo用来修饰responsibility,句
子的主语是risks and expenses,根据上下
文应该理解成“货主”。
Read the following sentence and its version. Can
you find anything wrong/ improper?
69
The carrier’s responsibility for the cargo
ceases immediately when the cargo
leaves the ship’s tackle and thereafter all
risks and expenses involved are the
responsibility of the cargo.
当货物离开轮船挂钩时，承运人的责任
即行终止，此后一切风险和费用均由
货主负责。
70
新公司应建立经营管理机构负责企业
的日常管理工作。
The new company shall establish a
management office which shall be
responsible for its daily management.
Main problem: 行文拖拉、有失简约
Revised: The new company shall establish
an office for its daily governance.
71
Translate the following
APPOINTMENT AS CONTRACT FULL-TIME SENIOR
CUSTOMS
ADMINISTRATOR
AN AGREEMENT FOR SERVICES made the 1st
day of September, 2006 between Company A of Beijing,
China （address）（hereinafter referred to as “the
Company”） as one part and Mr. Smith of London, the
UK（address）（hereinafter referred to as the
Contractor）of the other part.
WHEREBY IT IS AGREED AND DECLARED AS
FOLLOWS：
1. THAT the Company shall …
2. This agreement shall commence on …
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, both parties set their
hands on the date herein mentioned
SIGNED BY (Name)：
Designation ：
For and on behalf of ：（signature）
Contractor ：
Designation ：
For and on behalf of ：（signature）
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APPOINTMENT AS CONTRACT
FULL-TIME SENIOR CUSTOMS
ADMINISTRATOR
签约全职高级关税管理员任命书
AN AGREEMENT FOR SERVICES made at
the 1st day of September, 2006 between
Company A of Beijing, China
（address）（hereinafter referred to as “the
Company”） as one part and Mr. Smith of
London, the UK（address）（hereinafter
referred to as the Contractor）of the other
part.
甲方---中国北京A公司（以下称本公司）
与乙方---来自英国伦敦的史密斯先生（以
下称签约人）于2006年9月1日签署本服务
协议。
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WHEREBY IT IS AGREED AND
DECLARED AS FOLLOWS：
1. THAT the Company shall …
2. This agreement shall commence
双方达成协议并声明如下：
1.本公司将……
2.本协议自……起执行
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, both parties set their
hands on the date herein mentioned
SIGNED BY (Name)：
Designation ：
For and on behalf of ：（signature）
Contractor ： Designation ：
For and on behalf of ：（signature）
作为证明，双方于上述日期签字。
签署人名称： 职位：
代理人签名 签约人姓名： 职位：
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请把下列短语翻译成汉语。
1. by virtue of
2. at the close of the fiscal year
3. prior to
4. as regards
5. in effect
6. commencement
7. miscellaneous
8. to construe a contract
9. to enter into a contract
10. ex contract
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Ⅱ．请把下列短语翻译成汉语。
1. by virtue of
2. at the close of the fiscal year
3. prior to
4. as regards
5. in effect
6. commencement
7. miscellaneous
8. to construe a contract
9. to enter into a contract
10. ex contract
因为 ________________
财务年度末 ________________
在……之前 ________________
关于 ________________
事实上 ________________
开始 ________________
其他事项 ________________
理解合同 ________________
签订合同 ________________
由于合同 ________________
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Section 7Ⅲ． 翻译下列长句（１）
1. After arrival of the goods at the port of
destination, the Buyer shall apply to China
Commodity Inspection Bureau (hereinafter
referred to as CCIB) for a further inspection as
to the specifications and quantity/weight of the
goods.
2. The Seller shall not be responsible for the
delay of shipment or non-delivery of the goods
due to Force Majeure, which might occur
during the process of manufacturing or in the
course of loading or transit.
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3. Unless otherwise stipulated in the credit, the
expression “Shipment” used in stipulating an
earliest and/or a latest shipment date will be
understood to include the expression “loading
on board”, “dispatch” and “taking in charge”.
4. On the transfer date New Company shall
transfer to B, free from any lien or encumbrance
created by New Company and without the
payment of any compensation, all its right, title
to and interest in the infrastructure project,
unless otherwise specified in the Agreement or
any supplementary agreement.
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1. After arrival of the goods at the port of
destination, the Buyer shall apply to China
Commodity Inspection Bureau (hereinafter
referred to as CCIB) for a further inspection as to
the specifications and quantity/weight of the
goods.
货到目的港后，买方将申请中国进出口商品
检验局（以下简称商检局）对货物的规格和
数量或重量进行检验。
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2. The Seller shall not be responsible for the
delay of shipment or non-delivery of the
goods due to Force Majeure, which might
occur during the process of manufacturing or
in the course of loading or transit.
凡在制造或装船运输过程中，因不可抗力致
使卖方不能或推迟交货时，卖方不负责任。
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3. Unless otherwise stipulated in the credit, the
expression “Shipment” used in stipulating an
earliest and/or a latest shipment date will be
understood to include the expression
“loading on board”, “dispatch” and “taking
in charge”.
除信用证另有规定外，用于规定最早及/
或最迟装运期的“装运”一词应理解为包
括“装船”、“发运”和“接受监管”的
解释。
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4. On the transfer date New Company shall
transfer to B, free from any lien or
encumbrance created by New Company and
without the payment of any compensation,
all its right, title to and interest in the
infrastructure project, unless otherwise
specified in the Agreement or any
supplementary agreement.
除非协议或补充协议中另有规定,在转让期，
新公司应将对基础设施的权利和利益转让
给B公司，新公司不应滞留，也不能要求
补偿。
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5. Within 30 days after the signing and coming
into effect of this contract, the Buyer shall
proceed to pay the price for the goods to the
seller by opening an irrevocable L/C for the
full amount of USD30,000 in favor of the
Seller through a bank at import port.
买方须于本合同签字并生效后三十天内
通过进口地银行开立以卖方为收益人的不
可撤销的信用证支付全部货款30000美元。
劳动合同翻译常用词汇
Labor law劳动法
• labor relation 劳动关系
• social insurance protection and welfare社会保险和福利
• labor discipline 劳动纪律
• professional ethics职业道德.
• trade unions 工会
• collective contract集体合同
• the conclusion and revision of labor contract订立和变更
劳动合同
• invalid labor contracts 无效劳动合同
• term of the labor contract劳动合同期限
• remuneration劳动报酬
• terminate the labor contract终止劳动合同
• responsibilities for violating the labor contract.违反劳动合
同的责任
• trial execution /the period of trial use试用期
• contractual labor relationship劳动合同关系
• dissolve a labor contract解除劳动合同
• economic compensation经济补偿
• occupational diseases 职业病
• job injuries工伤
• extend the working hours 延长工作时间
• statutory holidays法定假日
• minimum wage 最低工资
• maternity leave产假
• vocational training 职业培训
• the social insurance社会保险
• labor disputes劳动争议
• legitimate rights and interests 法定权益
• 劳动法律翻译
• the labor disputes arbitration 劳动争议仲裁
• Severance pay：离职金
• Sick leave：病假
• Termination：解雇；终止
• Termination at will：随意
终止
• Training expenses:培训费
用
• Temporary worker:临时工
• Unemployment insurance：
失业保险
• Union： 工会
• Unit Labor Cost：单位劳动
成本
• Variable compensation：可
变报酬
• Voluntary time off：自愿减
少时间
• Work samples：工作样本
• Worker’s benefits：雇员福
利
• Worker’s compensation：
工伤补偿
• Annual bonus：年终分红
• Business secrets 商业秘密
• Benefit： 福利 Defined benefit：固定福利
• Collective bargaining：集体谈判
• Compensation Liability:赔偿责任
• Compensatory time off 补假
• Confidential clauses:保密条款
• Day-to-day collective bargaining：日常集体谈判
• Discipline：纪律 Dismissal：解雇；开除
• Downsizing：精简、裁员
• Disabled person: 残疾人
• Employee stock ownership plan ：雇员持股计划
• Economic compensations经济补偿
• Exit interviews：离职面谈
• Flexible benefits programs：弹性福利计划
• Individual retirement account ：个人退休账户
• Independent Contractors：合同工
• Joint Liability:连带责任
• Job Satisfaction：工作满意度
• Labor protection benefit:劳动保障待遇
• On-the-job training (OJT) ：在职培训
• Pay grade：工资等级
• Pension benefits：退休金福利
• Pension plans：退休金计划
• Performance Appraisal:工作绩效评价
• Pregnancy discrimination：怀孕歧视
• Retirement benefits：退休福利
• Retirement counseling：退休前咨询
• Special awards：特殊奖励
• Standard hour plan：标准工时工资
• Supplemental unemployment benefits：补充失业福利
Reference
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