English Composition
一、四六级考试写作要
求特点和常见问题
二、全国大学生英语四
级考试评分原则及标准
三、作文的基本要素---
词、句子、段落
四、四级作文模版及范
文
最新大学英语四级写作要求
四六级考试作文部分占15分，四级要求写一篇150
字以上的文章. 英语四级写作，主要是考察学生组
织运用语言的能力，和用语言表达思想的能力，体
裁主要由议论文，说明文和应用文，主题也是在大
学生熟知话题基础上的翻新和拓展。考生平时应有
意识地就考试中可能涉及到的一些话题进行思考和
拓展，争取在实践中磨练敏锐的审题能力。下面是
考试中可能遇到的或者大家没有意识到的问题：
问题一：不列提纲直接写作
在进行四级写作时，考生一定要首先形成自
己的观点，之后合理运用一些手段，如常用
的有四种：陈述理由，距离说明，提供数据，
下定义等，之后就此充分展开论说。
问题二，用复杂的单词和词组。
正确选择词汇非常重要，切不可盲目追求大
词生词。四级写作主要考察写作的流畅性和
表达的清晰，无需利用一些复杂的单词和华
美的词汇来堆砌，否则可能适得其反，造成
语法错误和表达失误。
问题三，为得高分，都用复杂句表达。
写作命题的目标之一就是考察考生是否掌握
了复杂句，没有复杂句得不到高分。但是堆
砌了太多的复杂句，读起来会很不自然，而
且增加了犯错误的几率。因此，最好是长短
结合，一些基础不好的同学最好少些甚至不
写复杂句，因为如果复杂句写错了会影响得
分，而简单句只要不错分数也不会低到哪里
去。
问题四，表达思想内容空洞。
中国学生表达思想时往往太空洞。具体来说，就是
表达思想时只陈述一个中心思想，如谈到一个大学
的好坏时，会说，”The university has a good
library.” “The university has excellent sports
facilities.”就此就停止了，而没有展开。
要想避免表达思想内容空洞就要按照上面大学图书
馆一例来把自己的思想展开。需要展开到多细，就
看你的知识面而定，但这种思路是至关重要的。这
就是说文章一定要有细节。可以用分点的形式来阐
述你的观点。这样作文才显得条理清晰。
四级写作的特点与要求：
（一） 英文议论文的结构特点
汉语写作对文章结构的要求不是很高，如开头
段应该包括什么、论题句应该在什么时候出现、文
章的结尾是否必须总结全文等等。而英语写作要求
文章结构必须十分严谨，文章各个部分的功能都要
十分清晰，开头、中间和结尾都有严格的要求。
简而言之，英语议论文共有三大特点：
1、 观点鲜明的开头；
2、 紧扣主题的结尾；
3、 有主题句并且衔接自然的中间段落。
这三点当中，第1、2点早已为绝大多数中国
学生所熟知，因为开头点题和结尾扣题同样
也是汉语文章的要求。但在长时间的学习过
程中，这样的要求被很多学生以为是“老土
”而得不到足够的重视。如果将这种思想带
到英语议论文写作当中，直接的后果就是中
心分散、观点不明确，加上中国学生普遍英
文表达能力不强，这些因素就为整篇文章的
失败埋下了隐患。
另外，英语文章和汉语不同的是段落的主题句一定
要放在段首，而不能按照中文的写作习惯放在段落
的中间或者最后，在英文应试写作中更加如此。正
因为没有“主题句”的思想，所以中国学生在写英
语文章时经常“想到什么，就写什么”，这在英语
议论文中是不能接受的。例如，例文1中每一段的
首句都简要地概括出了该段的主要内容，换句话说，
每段的内容都是根据首句来展开的，其顺序不能颠
倒。
（关于段落的衔接，在后面的内容中将详细介
绍。）
(二) 中心统一
在中心统一这个问题上，英语议论文和汉语议
论文的概念也有所不同。中国人在写议论文时常常
遵循“中庸”的原则，其具体的表现就是认为世界
上没有任何事情是绝对的。当他们在文章中表扬一
件事物或一种现象的时候，总要指出其不足；同样，
在批评一件事物或一种现象的同时，也总不忘记指
出其也有合理之处。这种做法从道理上来讲并没有
什么不妥，但却不符合英语议论文的写作习惯，因
为英语作家在写议论文时关注的是自己的辩论技巧
和其结果对公众的影响力。换句话说，如果作者告
诉大家两面都有道理也就等于说两面都没有道理，
因为读者在读了文章之后仍旧不知道作者的看法是
什么，以及自己在这种情况下到底该怎么做。
所以，既然四级考试考的是英语文章，大家
就应该遵循英文议论文的写作思路和习惯：
表示支持则旗帜鲜明地支持；表示反对就彻
彻底底地反对，而不能采取“墙头草两边倒
”的做法。
英语四级写作备考可分为四大步骤：
一、 背诵：首先认真研究历年四级写作真题，分析
近年来四级写作的出题规律和考试重点，从语言、
结构、 内容三大层面，认真研读经典写作真题范文：
语言方面学习范文中的精彩词汇、词组、句型；结
构方面学习范文的框架结构、内在逻辑、关联词、
同义替换和代词替换；内容方面学习范文的论点、
论据和论证。同时背诵精彩写作范文，要求滚瓜烂
熟、脱口而出、多多益善，扎扎实实提高自己的写
作实力。
二、默写：背诵熟练之后默写下来，仔细
对照原文，会发现你默写的文章与原文有一
些语法、拼写、标点的区别，这些区别就是
你的写作弱点，学习关键在于针锋突破，不
要全面出击。这些弱点正是你在考试中扣分
的原因所在，把这些弱点意义克服，分数自
然就会提高。
三、 中译英：首先将写作真题范文译为中文，或
参考范文的正确译文，然后进行中译英的工作，根
据自己的理解把中文译为英文，最后对照英文原文，
你会发现你的译文与原文存在较大的差别，这些差
别正是你写作低分的症结所在。同样的一个中文句
子，仔细对比一下你使用了哪些词汇、词组和句型，
原文使用了哪些，这样你的写作水平才会逐渐提高。
四、 写作：进行完上述工作之后，在考前必须进行
写作的工作，只有动笔写作，才会发现自己的问题。
可以写5—10篇真题或模拟题，模仿自己曾经背诵
过的精彩词汇、词组、句型、框架和范文，写出一
篇新的文章。最初不要求速度，但考前一定要进行
模考，半小时写出一篇150词的文章。写完之后仔
细修改其中的语言错误，将其改的更加精彩。
英语写作基础不太好的四级考生，必须按
照上述步骤严格进行；基础较好的考生学习
顺序正好相反，首先写作，直接写作英语四
级真题；其次中译英，在研读原文之前，进
行中译英的工作，译完对比，找出差距；然
后背诵；最后默写。同时可以准备自己的写
作框架，应用文和论说文分别形成固定的写
法，积累精彩句型。
句号 Period [.]
• 用以表示一个句子的结束:
• Hockey(曲棍球) is a popular sport in
Canada.
• 用在缩写中:
• Dr. Bethune was a Canadian who worked
in China.
• It is 4:00 . (post meridiem) in New
York right now.
问号 Question Mark [?]
• 在句子的结尾使用问号表示是直接疑问
句：
• How many provinces are there in
Canada?
• 注意：在间接疑问句结尾不要加问号：
• *The teacher asked the class a question?
• *Do not ask me why?
叹号 Exclamation Mark [!]
• 在句子的结尾使用叹号表示惊讶、兴奋
等情绪：
• We won the Stanley Cup!
• The forest is on fire!
逗号 Comma [,]
• 用于独立成份后，插入语前后及句子中的停顿：
• Therefore, we should write a letter to the prime
minister.
• 在直接引语中引出说话人：
• “I can come today," she said, "but not tomorrow.”
• 排列三个或以上的名词：
• Ontario(安大略湖), Quebec, and . (British
Columbia加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省) are the three
biggest provinces.
• 引出非限定性定语从句
• Emily Carr, who was born in 1871, was a great
painter.
• 引导主从复合句：
• Since you know English, you should translate this
paper.
• Note:
• 逗号不能连接两个分句，除非和and一起使用：
• The festival is very popular, and people from all over
the world visit each year.
• 如果有三个或有一个以上的分句相互并列，且只有
最后一个分句前面有and或or，在这些分句之间，包
括最后两个分句之间，都需要用逗号：
• Prices fell, interest rates fell, and employment figures
rose.
• 这类句子中的逗号称为连续逗号(serial comma)
逗号 Comma [,]
撇号 Apostrophe [']
• 表示属格:
• This is David's computer.
• These are the players’ things. (things that
belong to the player)
• （Note: 对于复数形式的名词，只加’）
• 缩略形式：
• I don't know how to fix it.
引号Quotation Marks ["]
• 直接引出某人说的话：
• The prime minister said, “We will win
the election.”
• "I can come today," she said, "but not
tomorrow."
冒号Colon [:]
• 冒号后面的内容是说明冒号前面的内容，或者是满
足所提出的要求，有“如下”或“即”的含义：
• I’ve just had some good news: I’ve been offered a
job in a law firm. (说明部分是个分句，可以把这个
分句看成是前面那个分句中名词短语的同位语。)
• There are three positions in hockey: goalie, defence,
and forward. 曲棍球: 守门员，后卫，前锋
• 冒号后面为正式列举事物，相当于for example, eg,
namely的用法：
• Please send the stipulated items: your birth
certificate, your passport, and the correct fee.
分号Semicolon [;]
• 将两个相关的句子连接起来（作用相当
于并列连词and）:
• The festival is very popular; people from
all over the world visit each year.
• (=The festival is very popular, and people
from all over the world visit each year.)
破折号Dash [—]
• 前后留空格
• 破折号后面的句子是对之前句子的总结：
• Mild, wet, and cloudy — these are the
characteristics of weather in Qingdao.
• 放在句子中间加入额外的注释：
• The children — Pierre, Laura, and Ashley —
went to the store.
• Most Canadians — but not all — voted in the
last election.
• 表示某人在说话过程中被打断
• The woman said, "I want to ask — " when the
earthquake began to shake the room.
连字符Hyphen [-]
• 前后不空格
• 连接两个单词
• sweet-smelling
• fire-resistant
• 连接前缀
• anti-war
• non-smoker
• 在数字中使用
one-quarter
twenty-three
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全国大学英语四、六级考试
作文题评分原则及标准
一、评分原则
1. CET是检查考生是否达到大学英语教学大
纲规定的四级和六级教学要求，对作文的评
判应以此要求为准则。
2. CET作文题采用总体评分(Global
Scoring)方法。阅卷人员就总的印象给出奖
励分(Reward Scores)，而不是按语言点的
错误数目扣分。
全国大学英语四、六级考试
作文题评分原则及标准
3. 从内容和语言两个方面对作文进行综合评
判。内容和语言是一个统一体。作文应表达
题目所规定的内容，而内容要通过语言来表
达。要考虑作文是否切题，是否充分表达思
想，也要考虑是否用英语清楚而合适的表达
思想，也就是要考虑语言上的错误是否造成
理解上的障碍。
4. 避免趋中倾向。该给高分的给高分，包括
满分；该给低分的给低分，包括零分。
全国大学英语四、六级考试
作文题评分原则及标准
二、评分标准
1. 本题满分为15分。
2. 阅卷标准共分五等：2分，5分，8分，11
分及14分。
3. 阅卷人员根据阅卷标准，对照样卷评分，
若认为与某一分数(如8分)相似，即定为该分
数(即8分)；若认为稍优或稍劣于该分数则可
加一分(即9分)或减一分(即7分)。但不得加或
减半分。
全国大学英语四、六级考试
作文题评分原则及标准
4. 具体评分标准
2分 — 条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大
部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。
5分 — 基本切题。表达思想不清楚，连贯性差。
有较多的严重语言错误。
8分 — 基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚，
文字勉强连贯；语言错误相当多，其中有一些是严
重错误。
11分 — 切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少
量语言错误。
14分 — 切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性
较好，基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。
全国大学英语四、六级考试
作文题评分原则及标准
除了以上五个主要标准之外，评分时还考虑以下三
个因素：
l) 白卷，作文与题目毫不相关，或只有几个孤立的
词而无法表达思想，则给零分。
2) 字数不足者酌情扣分(110-119个词扣1分，100-
109个词扣2分，90-99个词扣3分，80一89个词扣5
分，不足69个词扣9分)。所计字数不包括卷面上已
给主题句。
3) 只写一段者0-4分，只写两段者0-9分。
全国大学英语四、六级考试
作文题评分原则及标准
英语作文最低分的有关规定：
1. 根据目前考生的作文均值，将作文分的最低分定为6
分；
2. 作文分为0分，总分若高于60分，报道时一律做59分
不及格处理；若低于60分则报道时一律再减6分；
3. 作文分大于0分，小于6分，则按下式计算成绩：
最终得分＝原卷面总分－6分＋作文实得分
例: 总分为63分，作文分为2分，报导分为 63-6+2=59
分；凡作文为0分者，全卷至多拿59分。
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文章的基本要素
—词、句子和段落
一、选词
二、造句
三、组段
标准：意义清晰，形象生动，语法正确，符
合表达习惯。下面我们分析句子中用词不当
的例子：
A. When he was at school, he won first
reward for good behavior.
句中用reward（酬劳）词不达意，应该为
prize（奖励，奖金）。
B. It would be carrying a risk to let the
child go to school by himself.
carrying应改为running，因为run a
risk（冒险）是固定搭配。
选词
注意词的正确用法：
*The factory discharged so much waste
water that needed to be dealt with.
The factory discharged so much waste
water that needed to be disposed of.
比较：
There are so many problems to deal with.
We have to dispose of this pile of old
papers and magazines.
我们得把这堆旧报纸和杂志处理掉。
选词
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造句
三个条件：
完整性
连贯性
清晰度
造句
1. 完整性(unity)，即意思的完整性和结构
的完整性。
（1）意思的完整性是指一个句子应该表达一
个完整的意思。请看下面的句子：
意思不完整：Bikes are so popular in
China.
修改后：Bikes are so popular in China
that almost every family has at least one.
（2）结构的完整性指句子在结构方面没有缺
损。请看句子：
造句
A. 残缺句: It is incredible to many
people. Cigarette smokers spend
money for illness.
修改后：It is incredible to many people
that cigarette smokers spend money
for illness.
B. 残缺句: I think the film is poor. Even
though so many people enjoy it.
修改后：I think the film is poor, even
though so many people enjoy it.
造句
为了使句子保持完整性，还必须避免：
A. Run-on Sentence（串句）：
特点：串句是指误将两个串在一起的句子当
成一个句子，有的用逗号隔开，有的的什么
标点符号都没有使用。
He does not speak too rapidly, his voice
is loud, it can be heard by everyone in
the classroom.
修改后: He does not speak too rapidly
and his voice is so loud that it can be
heard by everyone in the classroom.
造句
B. 融洽句:
It was raining hard, they could not work in
the field.
修改后:
It was raining hard, so they could not work
in the field.
As It was raining hard, they could not work
in the field.
It was raining hard; they could not work in
the field.
It was raining hard. They could not work in
the field.
It was raining so hard that they could not
work in the field. back
造句
2. 连贯性（coherence）即句子之间的连贯和
句子各部分之间的连贯。
结构不平行：
(误) I wrote to him, but my letter was not
answered.
(正) I wrote to him, but he didn’t answer my
letter.
(误) Our new car not only is more
economical but also it is more comfortable
than our old one.
(正) Our new car is not only more
economical but also more comfortable than
our old one.
造句
动词的不定式、分词、动名词的逻辑主语不一
致：
例1: To succeed in a scientific research
project, persistence is needed.
修改后：To succeed in a scientific research
project, one needs to be persistent.
例2：On squeezing onto the bus, my wallet
was lost.
修改后： On squeezing onto the bus, I lost
my wallet.
代词所指的意思模棱两可:
She told my sister that she is wrong.
修改后: She admitted that she was wrong
and said so to my sister.
造句
造句
修饰语位置不对:
（误） I have interesting something to
tell you.
（正）I have something interesting to tell
you.
（误）I nearly earned a hundred dollars
last week.
（正）I earned nearly a hundred dollars
last week.
造句
有关主谓一致的错误：
（误） The Chinese girl together with her
two American friends are eating at
restaurant.
（正） The Chinese girl together with her
two American friends is eating at
restaurant.
（误） To fight and to win was their aims.
（正） To fight and to win were their aims.
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造句
3. 清晰度（clarity）：突出句子的主要
意思；正确运用修饰语；注意修饰语的位
置；正确使用标点符号。
主要意思不突出：They were just
turning the corner, when they heard
the noise of a shot.
修改后：Just as they were turning the
corner, they heard the noise of a shot.
注意：句子要表达的主要信息应放在复合
句的主句中
back
组段
一、英汉文化差异对段落结构的
影响
二、段落和段落的组成
三、过渡词 (transitional
words)
组段
一、英汉文化差异对段落结构
的影响
英汉差异：
有位专家曾做过这样一个实验：他找了两位二十岁
左右的西班牙小伙子和中国小伙子，让他们在同一
时间内用英语写同一篇作文，结果，西班牙小伙子
潇潇洒洒地写了五百多字，意思表达基本明了，但
拼写语法错误不胜枚举，改动处不多；而中国小伙
子只拘谨地写了不到三百字，拼写错误不多，但语
法改动不下二十余处，使人难以流畅地阅读。显然，
前者只注意思想的表达，后者则有很强的语法意识
——生怕犯语法错误，这种意识在相当程度上影响
了思想的表达。由此可见，不同社会文化背景的人，
会有不同的思维方式和思维习惯，在学习新的语言
时，人们会很自然地把这种习惯带到新的语言里去，
产生这样或那样的不良结果。
值得一提的是，中国人与西方人看问题的
方法的确在许多方面存在着差异，而且这
种差异的的确确在束缚着中国学生，成为
他们英文写作中的拦路虎，使他们不能畅
所欲言，不能准确而简洁地表达思想。因
此，就大学英语写作中常出现的问题谈谈
英汉表达的几种差异。
1. 首先，让我们关注一下英美人与中国人思维方
式的不同。
英美人的思维方式是直线式的，他们谈话或写文
章喜欢开门见山，把话题放在最前面，以引起听
话人或读者重视。他们习惯“果”在前，“因”
在后，在提出要求时直接切入目的，然后讲述原
因。从整体上说，西方文化偏爱于“演绎式
(deduction)”的篇章结构，即在遣词造句谋篇上
遵循着从一般（general）到具体（specific），
从概括（summarize）到举例（exemplify），
从整体（whole）到个体（respective）的原则。
请看短文：
Soccer is a difficult sport. (1) A player
must be able to run steadily without rest.
(2) Sometimes a player must hit the ball
with his or her head. (3) Players must be
willing to bang into and be banged into
by others. (4) They must put up with
aching feet and sore muscles．
上面的这则短文中，主题句（main idea
sentence）也就是文章的中心，通常是第一
句。(1), (2), (3), (4)句是用来说明主题句的，
为扩展句。
而东方人的思维呈圆式，说话及写文章时表现为把
思想发散出去，最后再收拢回来，落到原发点上，
这就使其话语或语篇呈圆式，或呈聚集式结构。说
话习惯于绕弯子，常常避开主题，从宽泛的空间和
时间入手，从整体到局部，从大到小，由远及近，
从总体到一般再到个体，往往把诸如对别人的要求，
自己的想法，对别人的意见等主要内容或关键问题
保留到最后或含而不露，这是一种逐步达到高潮的
方式。我们习惯于先分后总，先说原因后说结果，
即所谓的“前因后果”。整体上汉语常采用“归纳
式(induction)”。
如果要表达上述英语相同的意思，我们通常这样说：
足球运动员必须能不停地奔跑，有时得用头顶
球，撞别人或被别人撞，必须忍受双脚和肌肉的疼
痛。所以说，足球运动是一项难度大的运动。
再比如写下面一则便条，因你母亲突然生病，周
末你不能和汤姆去跳舞了，你找了舞跳得很好的
时黛来代替你，并表示抱歉。
此英语便条为：
July 6，2002
Dear Tom，
I am sorry to inform you that I won't be
able to go to dance with you this weekend.
My mother is suddenly taken ill．In order
not to disappoint you, I have asked Shi Dai
to take my place. She is a better dancer, I
think. My regrets．
Joe
从便条中可以看出，英语表达先“果
” — I won’t be able to go to dance with
you this weekend. 后“因” — my
mother is suddenly taken ill. 即所谓的“
先果后因”。
一般来说，在单个句子中，英语句子
也是先中心，也就是将主要思想、结果放
在句首，放在主句里表达；而汉语正相反，
一般为后中心，主要的观点、信息往往放
在句末。如：
He had to stay at home yesterday because
he was ill．
因为他病了，昨天他不得不呆在家里。
Tragedies can be written in literature since
there is tragedy in life．
生活中既然有悲剧，文学作品就可以写悲剧。
所以说，大学生用英文写作时，就要按照
英美人的思维模式进行思考，也就是说要学会
用英语进行思维，避免写出中国式的英语。
2. 接下来，让我们看一下英汉句子结构的特点。英
语属印欧语系，汉语属汉藏语系，两种语言相距甚
远。
英语形态丰富，客观性强，结构紧凑，语言有扎实
的形式逻辑基础。语言学家以“竹节句法”来比喻
英语句子，即英语句子是由断不可缺的各种连接词
衔接而成，宛如节节相连的竹子。它强调段落必须
有一定的连接手段，按固定的顺序、合乎逻辑、明
晰地连接起来，形成一个直线流动的实体。它往往
注重形式多于内容，句子必须完备，各种组成部分
很少省略，尤其主语不能省略，句际、句内之间各
因素也要用形式逻辑关系词连接，即所谓的“形合
”。这些衔接手段如同“路标”，指引读者直接到
作者的意图所在。
I wrote to him, but he didn’t answer me.
而汉语结构松散，句子成份或句际之间没有
英语那么多粘合剂，或叫路标似的衔接手段，
句子则被比喻为“流水句法”，所谓的流水
指少用乃至不用连接词仍行文流畅。中国人
在描述过程中有时也用一些连接手段，但这
些连接手段不像英语中的“路标”那样起指
引作用，句子间多靠语气联系，或“意合法
”联系。
元朝诗人马致远的“天净沙秋思”。
英语强调句子的结构主体为：主语－谓语，
或主语－谓语－宾语。
It rains.
下雨了。
更多的汉语意合的例子：
岳飞的“满江红”：
三十功名尘与土，八千里路云和月
英语句子中如果少了连接词如or，but，if，
so，because，when，although，in order
that，so that，所要表达的意思就支离破碎
了，而汉语如没连接词，只从句子本身的意
思就可以把概念或关系表达清楚。如：
Conquer the desires，or they will
conquer you．
你如不能战胜欲念，欲念将要战胜你。
An Englishman who could not speak
Chinese was once traveling in China．
一个英国人，不会说中国话，有一次在中国
旅行。
3. 就是因为英语中各种连接词与替代词的广泛使
用，使得英语中出现“多枝共干”式的长句，复
合句；汉语则常用短句，简单句。请看下面一个
英语长句以及其汉意。
It was on a Sunday evening, when he
was lying in the orchard listening to a
blackbird and composing a love poem, that
he heard the gate swing to, and saw the girl
coming running among the trees, with the
red cheeked, stolid Joe in swift pursuit．
一个星期日的傍晚，他正躺在果园里，一面在听
画眉鸟的啁啾，一面在写一首爱情诗，忽然听得
大门砰地关上，接着看见那姑娘从树丛里奔出来，
后面飞跟着那呆头呆脑的红脸的乔。
这是个英语强调句，其重心是：he heard
the gate swing to and saw the girl
coming running among the trees．而
when he was lying in the orchard
listening to a blackbird and composing a
love poem是一个时间状语从句，这两个句
子通过it was … that …这个强调句型巧妙地
合为一个复合长句，整个句子简单明了，结
构紧凑，若用汉语表达则须分成好几个短句。
4. 英语的另一个显著特点是被动句多。英语
重物称，常常选择不能施行动作或无生命的
词语作主语，由于这些“无灵”物称充当主
语，使得被动句大兴其道。在英语被动句里，
不必强调动作的施行者，就将其置于句尾由
by连接；不必、不愿或不便言明动作的施行
者，就干脆将其省略。相对而言，汉语习惯
于人称化的表达，主语常常是能施行动作或
有生命的物体，所以汉语中主动句多。
请看例句：
It has been known for a long time that
there is a first relationship between the
heart and the liver．
长期以来，大家知道心脏与肝脏的关系是最主
要的。（主动）
The famous hotel had been practically
destroyed by the big fire．
大火几乎使这家有名的旅馆全部毁灭。（主动）
They were given a hearty welcome．
他们受到热烈欢迎。
5. 英语的又一显著特点是其丰富的时态。不
同的语言具有不同的时态，有的语言甚至很
少或没有时态，汉语基本上就是借助词汇来
表示各种时间和动作的，汉语动词除了只有
“着”、“了”、“过”的若干说法与英语
的进行时、完成时或过去时相对外，别无其
他与英语相对应的时体形式；而英语不仅有
时态，而且种类繁多（共有16种时态），区
分细微，习惯性强。英语就是通过这些固定
的语法手段将动作的进行过程与状况描绘得
更准确更精细，有时甚至能表达说话人的感
情色彩。如：
You‘re always asking me such questions！
你老是问我这样的问题！（用现在进行时表示
厌烦）
I am now living in a very pleasant flat．
我现在住在一间非常舒适的公寓里。（用现在
进行时表示满意）
所以，传递同样的意思，英语只要选用合适的
时态就可以了，汉语则必须使用词汇手段。
6. 从词汇方面讲，英汉两种语言也有很大差
异。就词组而言，英语中的词组或短语可谓
林林总总，丰富多彩，有名词短语、动词短
语、形容词短语、介词短语、分词短语、不
定式短语与独立结构等，它们的语法功能不
一而足，可作主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状
语与表语等。如：
Marriage may be compared to a cage: the
birds outside despair to get in and those
within despair to get out．
婚姻好比鸟笼，外面的鸟儿想进进不去，里
面的鸟儿想出出不来。（不定式短语to get
in，to get out作状语）
I am utterly in the dark about the matter
．我对这件事完全不知道。（介词词组in the
dark作表语）
Christmas is coming up．圣诞节就要到了。
（动词短语come up作谓语）
此外英语中的许多词常常一词多义，它们所
表达的各个含义，分别与汉语中几个不同的
词或词组相对应，所以，在用英文写作时，
一定要慎重地选词、用词，以期贴切地表达
思想。
back
二、段落和段落的组成
（一） 段落的写作步骤
（二） 段落扩展
（一）段落的写作步骤
首先要思考这一段落的中心思想，用一
个完整的句子表达出来 (主题句) , 然后
收集能够证明和解释这个中心思想的细
节和例子。最后按逻辑顺序组织安排好
这些材料，这样就有了一个段落的粗略
草案。
四级作文一般都是说明文或议论文，其
段落最常见的框架模式如流程所示 :
Topic Sentence （主题句）
Supporting Sentence (主要扩展句1)
Supporting Sentence (次要扩展句1)
Supporting Sentence (次要扩展句2)
Supporting Sentence (主要扩展句2)
Supporting Sentence (次要扩展句1)
Supporting Sentence(次要扩展句2)
Concluding Sentence（结尾句）
例如
Wherever one lives – in the city or
in the country, there are some good
reasons for owing a car (topic
sentence ). First, cars provide the
most convenient form of
transportation ( development
sentence1). Second, a car is a
comfortable way to travel,
especially in the winter time
(development sentence2).
例如
Finally, a driver is usually safe in his
car when he is out at night (
development sentence3). Therefore,
many people favor owning a car
(concluding sentence).
Back
段落的组成
主题句 ( topic sentence )
扩展句 ( development sentence )
结论句 ( concluding sentence )
（二）段落扩展
主题句
主题句就是提出段落主题，它是一个段
落的中心，要求全段其他所有的文字都
围绕它展开。它指出了这段内容的主导
思想。主题句既可以用在段落的开始或
中间, 也可以用在段落的末尾, 但是对
于我们的四级考试来说, 我们应该尽量
把主题句放置于一个段落的开始, 这既
有助于组织材料, 也可以使文章结构清
楚。写好段落的主题句是写好作文的关
键。
1．一个好的主题句首先应该紧扣文章
的中心思想, 把该段落的内容限定在文
章的中心内容之内。
例如: pollution是一个比较大的题目，
一篇100多字的短文根本不可能容纳它
的全部内容，但是，通过各个段落的主
题句把内容限定在一定的范围之内，各
段的主题句都是该段落的第一句。我们
不难看出，文中三个段落的主题句都紧
扣文章的标题，并很好地限定了段落的
内容。例文：
pollution
１．污染对人类有害
２．为防止污染，近年来采取了一些措施。
３．然而，污染问题尚未完全解决。
Pollution is harmful to human beings.
Polluted water causes many kinds of
diseases even take man’s life. Dirty air
and poisonous gas cause stinging eyes
and running nose. Pollutants erode metal
and buildings.
Measures have been taken to control
pollution. In recent years, legislative steps
have been introduced to control pollution.
Rivers are being cleaned, air is purified,
and pollutants are being trapped（用防气阀
堵住） before they are poured out of
chimneys.
However, pollution problems have not
been completely solved. Some factories are
still using air as a dumping place for
wastes. Some lakes are still dirty and the
dirty water causes fishes to die. Quite a few
chimneys are still pouring smoke into the
air and noise pollution remains serious. All
these problems are waiting to be solved.
（文章通过列举法论证各段主题句。）
2. 好的段落主题句必须完整，即能表达
一个完整的思想，该段落将围绕这一主
题句逐步展开，或定义，或论述，或分
类,或解释，或举例说明。因此，段落
主题句中必须包含段落的主旨，必须包
含一个等待发展的思想。
3. 一个好的段落主题句应该具有一定的
限定性，它应该限定该段落的内容不至
于偏离全文的中心内容， 而且，一个段
落的容量是很有限的，如果主题句限定
的范围太宽， 主题句的内容就无法在该
段落内得以阐述清楚。
例如：Cheating on the Campus为题的作文,
用Cheating is popular, 或者Cheating is
bad或者Cheating is understandable就过于
笼统了, Cheating指的是什么? 即便是在大学
校园里, cheating可以表现在考试, 爱情, 图
书馆等各个方面, 不确定具体的范围, 主题句
就形同虚设, 等于还是停留在题目上。因此,
一个好的主题句, 不仅要表达作者的态度, 还
需要根据内容和字数方面的要求, 对题目的范
围进行控制和确定。
例如: Cheating on the exam is popular
on the campus today because of
academic and professional pressures.
4. 主题句也不能太具体, 如果主题句太
具体, 作者就无法在文字上加以展开。
例如:
American food is tasteless and
greasy because Americans use too
many canned, frozen, and
prepackaged foods and because
everything is fried in oil or butter.
上述句子作主题句显然不合适, 因为它
讲述得太具体了, 最好应改为:
American food is tasteless and
greasy.
5. 我们在设计主题句时还应该注意不要
把太多不相关的观点包括在一个主题句
中， 否则，整个段落就会缺乏统一性。
例如:
Shanghai is famous for its temperate
climate, its large population, and its
rapid industrial development.
上句包括了三个方面的内容，难以在一
个段落中同时讲述，因此，最好只是取
其中之一，三个观点放在三个段落中论
述。
6. 写主题句一般是将提示句翻译出来，但是如果
要求句是英语就可以把它扩充成主题句。
例如这样的一篇作文：
Good Health
（1）Importance of good health
（2）Ways to keep fit
（3）My own practice
这样的作文的要求句就可以扩展成主题句。扩展
后三段的主题句分别为：
☆It is very important to have good health.
(将名词importance变成形容词important)
☆There are four ways to keep fit for me.(用
there be句型)
☆My own practices are the following.（采用
原词）
7. 已经给出主题句的就不要重抄一遍了,紧接着
往下扩展。怎么扩展呢？请看例文：
The Game I Like Best
The game I like best is playing football.
As a school pupil, I used to play it with my
classmates after school everyday. Now as a
college student, I still play it whenever I can
find time although I am busy with my
studies. Furthermore, I never miss any
important match shown on TV. Sometimes, I
get up even at the middle of the night in
order to watch an international game. (描述
法)
Playing games requires both a good
physical body and real skill. To begin
with, to play football well, you should be
very strong and have a lot of muscles.
Then you should be skillful in tackling
the ball, bringing it along, passing it to
and catching it from others and, above
all, scoring a goal. In short, it is physical
strength and skill that make a good
football player.（列举法）
Playing games brings me many
benefits. First, it can train my mind
and teach me to think quickly.
Second, by playing football, I learn
to persevere when faced with
difficulties. However, the most
important benefit of all is that
playing football can cultivate my
spirit of teamwork. For all these
reasons, I enjoy playing football
very much.（列举法、转折法）
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扩展方法
下面我们着重讲一讲常见的扩展方法：
第一种：列举法(Listing)。列举法是
一种最为常见的段落发展方法, 用这种
方法发展段落, 首先要写出主题句, 然
后列举一系列的论据对主题句所陈述的
主题内容进行陈述和解释, 列举的顺序
可以按照各点内容的相对重要性, 时间
的先后或地理位置的远近等关系来进行。
线索是：
主题句－first－扩展句－second－扩
展句－etc－扩展句－连接词－结论句
例如:
(Topic sentence) Advertisement can be
beneficial to people. (Argument 1)First,
it is informative and can help people
buy and sell goods. (Argument 2)
Second, it can widen people's
knowledge, and make people more
experienced. (Argument 3)Finally,
people can enjoy themselves in
watching those funny and interesting
advertisement programs.
列举常用的表达方法有:
A.三点法：
1) First … Second … Third …
2) Firstly … Secondly … Thirdly … Lastly
(Finally)…
3) First of all, to begin with; next, then, besides,
in addition, what’s more, moreover,
furthermore; most important of all, last but not
the least, finally, eventually, etc．
B.两点法：用于较短的段落，只陈述两点。常用关联
词语有：
1. For one thing, … For another, …
2. In the first place, … In the second place, …
3. On the one hand, … On the other hand, …
第二种： 举例法(Exemplification)。为
了阐明或支持一个观点, 举例说明是一个
常用而且有力的工具。在采用举例法发展
段落时, 作者往往在主题句中开门见山地
摆出自己的观点, 然后举出具体的事例来
对其进行说明。所举的例子一般可按照时
间顺序或重要性等来进行安排。关键在于
各个实例都要于主题密切相关, 具有典型
性和说服力, 或者能够不断地深入说明,
或反映主题各个侧面。
线索是：主题句－for example－扩展句
－for another－扩展句－连接词－结论
句
例如:
(The general point)Pollution is becoming
more and more seriously all over the world.
(example 1) For example, the poisonous gas
sent off by factories and automobiles has
made the air unhealthy for people to breathe.
(example 2) For another example, waste
water keeps pouring into rivers and lakes; as
a result, many water lives are dying out.
(example 3) Furthermore, everywhere we go
today, we can find rubbish carelessly
disposed. (结论句)Pollution is, in fact,
threatening our existence.
举例法常用的表达方法有:
as an illustration, such as, namely,
that is, like, say.
1) For example …
2) For instance …
3) Take … for example（for instance）
4) To take / cite just one example,…
Mother love is great and selfless. To
cite just one example, a thin and weak
mother, as it was reported, financed
her child through college by selling
her blood.
5) … is just a case in point相关的，适用的
6) … can serve as an example
7) (Just) Consider/Look at sb., for
example /instance, doing this, doing that,
and doing…
就拿某人来说／为例吧, 他／她做······，做
······，做······
8) An interesting / striking / typical
example of… is provided by the story of
sb. who… 有个故事是说明 ······ 的有趣／
突出／典型的例子：某人 ······
应用：就拿孔繁森为例吧，他始终视人民的利
益高于一切，他从不徇情枉法，他身体力行。
他被视为清正廉洁的典范。
Consider Kong Fansen, for instance, always
valuing the people’s interests above everything
else, never bending the law for the benefit of his
relatives, and earnestly practicing what he
advocates. He is seen as the mirror of honesty
and uprightness.
Knowledge seeking and romance hunting
can not go hand in hand. A striking
example of the view is provided by the story
of my former desk-mate who, once thought
of as the most excellent student in my class,
began to steer his boat of promise希望into
the harbor of a girl’s love as early as when
he was still in the junior middle school. Now
he is drowning himself in deep-felt regret.
下一页
应用：
第三种：因果法(Cause and Effect)。
在人类的思维活动中, 人们常常会根据
事物的原因推断其结果, 或者根据某一
结果分析其原因。写作中的因果法正是
这种思维方式在写作过程中的具体体现。
所谓因果法, 就是通过分析事物发生的
原因,自然地说明由此而产生的各种结
果, 或者通过分析某一结果, 推断导致
这一结果的原因。
线索是：主题句－first－扩展句－扩
展句－besides－扩展句－moreover－
扩展句－连接词－结论句
例如:
(The topic sentence) Nowadays there is
often a misunderstanding between parents
and child. (cause 1) The most obvious
reason for this lack of communication is
that they grew up at different times and
therefore have different likes and dislikes
for the things around them. (cause 2) Also
the parent is often too busy to listen
patiently to the explanation of the child
when there is a misunderstanding. （结论句）
Both of them take it for granted that there
is a generation gap.
常用原因结果句型：
表示原因的表达方式有：
because of, because, as, for, owing
to, due to, thanks to
表示结果的表达方式有：
so, therefore, as a result,
consequently, accordingly, for this
reason
第四种：描写与叙述法(Description
and Narration)。
段落还可以用描述与叙述的方法来发展。
描写是指作者对某人、某物或事件的感
觉和印象, 而叙述则指作者对某个故事
和事件的讲述。描述和叙述一般按照时
间和空间的次序, 而这种次序关系在很
大程度上体现在它们所特有的过渡连接
词上。用这种方法发展段落, 作者能够
清楚而连贯地交代事物的本末, 从而使
读者可以清晰完整地理解文章的含义。
例如：
The first thing to do to make tea is
to start boiling some water. While
waiting for it to boil, you get your
teapot ready, making sure to put the
right amount of tea leaves into it.
When the water has boiled, you
pour it into the pot and bring the
teapot and some cups to the guests.
Everyone enjoys the conversation
until the tea is cool enough to drink.
第五种:定义法(definition)
就是通过对某一个事物，某一个词或某
一个思想等下定义来发展段落，这是扩
展段落的诸多方法之一，也是写说明文
常用的方法，因为说明文常常涉及到某
一个术语、专业性词汇或抽象的概念。
例：
例如：
“Honesty is the best policy” is a well-
known proverb, but it is not so easy for
everyone to keep. Honesty means fairness
and uprightness in our words and deeds. It
is also regarded as a very important virtue
in our social behavior, and in our daily life.
If you are honest to others, they will be
kind to you. They will come to comfort you
when you are in need of help. People
always respect those who are honest and
alienate (疏远) those who are dishonest.
作者在这段文章中用定义法解释了诚实的内涵。
第六种：转折对照法
这种方法用于阐述两种相反或相对立的
观点、态度或事实。
线索是：主题句－on the one hand－
扩展句－on the other hand－扩展句
－连接词－结论句
其扩展模式为：
表示对照的表达方式有：
1) In contrast
2) Contrary to
3) In opposite
4) On the contrary
5) On the one hand … On the other
hand, …
6) Every coin has two sides
表示转折的表达方式有：
1) But
2) However
3) While
4) Nevertheless
5) We should also take the other side
of the coin into consideration．
6) There are also some
disadvantages／problems in …
例如，2000年6月份题为Is a Test of
Spoken English Necessary？的四级
范文中第2 段就是用转折对照法扩展段
落的一个典型例子。
A majority of people consider it very
important to hold a spoken English test. They
argue that spoken English is as important as
written English, for the ability of speaking,
listening, reading, and writing are four
indispensable elements in judging if a person
has proficiency in English(观点A). But there are
still some people who are not in favor of this
kind of test at all. (转折过渡) They bear such a
thought in mind that since they're not going to
go abroad, it's not necessary for them at all to
master spoken English. (与观点A相反的观点)
当然，我们在运用扩展方法的时候，不要仅仅局限
于一种，也可以几种方法相结合。
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结尾段落的终结方式
段落结尾句一般用来总结段落的中心思想，同时
在段落中起着段意收尾的作用，通常用一、两句
话归纳总结段落内容，浓缩全段的主旨。段落结
尾的写法可分为两种：
1. 解释说明段落的内容，因此段落结尾常常和段
落主题句在意义上相互呼应。
2. 复述主题句的内容，段落结尾句可以用不同的
方式再现主题，有时甚至就是段落的主题句。
段落结尾句对整个段落来说起着至关重要的作用。
写好段落结尾句有两个方面需要考生特别注意，
一是要恰如其分地总结出全段的主题思想；二是
要与段首的主题句前后呼应，使文章结构紧凑。
段落扩展的常见方法
扩展方法有六种，谨请大家记心中：
列举、举例和因果，描述、定义与对照。
切记勿用一种法，根据提示去变化。
主题、扩展、结论句，启承转合用于内。
衔接得当不晦涩，你就能把高分得。
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三、过渡词
过渡词（transitional words）：它是一
种关系指引词，是连接句与句、 段与段
的纽带，能使文章的启、承、 转、合融
为一体。例:
There are, on the other hand, many
good reasons against owning a car.
First, it can be very expensive to
purchase and run a car. The gas
shortage has caused a big problem
for drivers, and the price of fuel
continues to go up each year. In
addition, it costs a great deal to
组段
maintain, repair and insure a car.
Second, owning a car can also
cause worry and stress. It is
exhausting to drive a car in heavy
traffic. It often happens that a driver
can be held up on his way because
of a traffic jam. What is worse, cars
are responsible for most of the
smog in cities, which pollutes the
environment seriously.
组段
过度词的分类根据过渡词在文章中的作
用，大致可分为四类：
A. 表达“启”的常用词语：用于引导
主题句，或用于主题句的后面，引导第
一个扩展句：
first, first of all, at first, in the first
of place, firstly, to begin with, to
start with, recently, now, at present,
in recent years, etc.
组段
B. 表达“承”的过渡词: 用于承接主题句
或第一个（或前一个）扩展句:
second, secondly, similarly, in
addition, besides, then, furthermore,
moreover, what is more, what is
worse, for example, for instance,
certainly, surely, obviously, in other
words, especially, particularly, in
particular, indeed, still, thirdly, truly, in
fact, in plain terms=simply speaking,
in practice, for the most part (基本上),
at the same time, no doubt, etc.
组段
C. 表达“转”的过渡词: 用于表示不同
或相反的情况:
however, on the other hand, on the
contrary, in contrast, in any case, at
any rate(无论如何), conversely(相反
地), nevertheless(虽然如此),
otherwise, or, or else, while…, but,
despite …, in spite of…, yet,
instead, etc.
组段
D. 表达“合”的过渡词语：用于总结
段落中上文的内容，引导一个扩展句或
结论句，也可以用于文章的最后一段:
consequently, as a consequence,
therefore, as a result, above all =
most important, thus, after all (毕竟
), generally speaking, finally, at
last, eventually, hence, in short(总之
), in conclusion, in a word, in sum,
on the whole(就总体而言), to sum
up, etc.
组段
启、承、转、合的表达实例:
(Topic sentence) (Effect启) In
general/Generally speaking/On the
whole, studying too hard may be
harmful to students. (启
)Lately/Currently/At present/Now
/Recently, many teachers expect their
pupils to do more work than they can
handle. (承
)Moreover/Also/Furthermore/Meanwhile
/What is more, parents do not realize
that pressing their children to
组段
study harder than called for can injure
their health. (承) Certainly/In
fact/Obviously/Of cause, most parents
know that growing boys and girls need
relaxation as well as exercise. (转)
Nevertheless/However/On the other
hand/Unfortunately, many students
have no choice but to burn the candle
at both ends过分耗费in order to get
good grades and please their parents.
But a physically weak or socially
deprived child may not be able to keep
组段
up with such a hurried pace. (合)
(result) As a result/
Consequently/Thus/
Therefore/Hence/In brief/In
conclusion, some students may
very possibly fail in school because
of this pressure to study in excess
of超过 what is required.
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写作模版及范文
• 1. 历年四级考题类型列表及四级命题
趋势
• 2. 主要试题类型组织表
• 3. 试题类型模版及实例范文：
• 1) 题型要求
• 2) 历年考题出现频率
• 3) 写作模版
• 4) 范文
历年考题类型列表
年份 主题或题目 题材 体裁 命题形式 题型
Advantage
of a Job
Interview
社会
热点
说明性
议论文
提纲式命
题作文
现象解
释
The two-day
Weekend
社会
热点
说明性
议论文
提纲式命
题作文
问题解
决
Global
Shortage of
Fresh Water
社会
热点
说明性
议论文
提纲式命
题作文
对比选
择
Practice
Makes
Perfect
生活
学习
说明性
议论文
提纲式命
题作文
观点论
证
年份 主题或题目 题材 体裁 命题形式 题型
Getting to
Know the
World
Outside the
Campus
生活
学习
议论文 提纲式命
题作文
问题解
决
Harmfulness
of Fake
Commodities
社会
热点
议论文 提纲式命
题作文
现象解
释
Do “Lucky
Numbers”
Really Bring
Good Luck?
社会
热点
说明性
议论文
提纲式命
题作文
对比选
择
Don’t
Hesitate to
Say “No”
生活
学习
议论文 提纲式命
题作文
观点论
证
年份 主题或题目 题材 体裁 命题形式 题型
Reading
Selectively or
Extensively
生活
学习
议论文 提纲式命
题作文
对比
选择
How I Finance
My College
Education?
生活
学习
说明性
议论文
提纲式命
题作文
问题
解决
Is a Test of
Spoken
English
Necessary?
生活
学习
说明性
议论文
提纲式命
题作文
对比
选择
How to
Succeed in a
Job Interview?
社会
热点
说明性
议论文
提纲式命
题作文
问题
解决
A Letter to a
School-mate
生活
学习
说明性
议论文
情景＋提
纲
应用
文
年份 主题或题目 题材 体裁 命题形式 题型
A Letter to the
University
President about
the Canteen
Service on
Campus
生活
学习
说明性
议论文
情景＋提
纲
应用
文
Students Use of
Computers
生活
学习
说明性
议论文
提纲式图
表
现象
解释
It Pays to Be
Honest
生活
学习
说明性
议论文
提纲式命
题作文
现象
解释
An Eye-Witness
Account of a
Traffic Accident
生活
学习
叙事性
议论文
提纲式命
题作文
现象
解释
年份 主题或题目 题材 体裁 命题形式 题型
The Day My
Classmate Fell Ill
/Got Injured
生活
学习
叙事性
议论文
情景＋提
纲
现象
解释
A Letter in Reply
to a Friend
生活
学习
说明性
议论文
情景＋提
纲
应用
文
A Brief
Introduction to a
Tourist
Attraction
景点
介绍
说明文 情景＋提
纲
应用
文
A Campaign
Speech
生活
学习
说明文 提纲式命
题作文
应用
文
年份 主题或题目 题材 体裁 命题形
式
题型
Teacher’s Day 生活
学习
说明性
议论文
提纲式
作文
应用
文
2
Should the
University
Campus Be Open
to Tourists?
生活
学习
说明性
议论文
命题提
纲式作
文
现象
解释
A Poster Recruitin
g Volunteers
生活
学习
说明文 提纲式
作文
应用
文
2
The Spring
Festival Evening
Get-Together
生活
学习
说明性
议论文
提纲式
作文
对比
选择
四级作文命题趋势
从上表中可以看出，四级作文的题目都是与考生
的日常生活息息相关的“生活学习”或“社会热
点”问题，属于大众话题，具有普遍性，是考生
比较容易发挥的题目，更注重的是考生的写作功
底。2001年6月以后的考题基本上以“生活学习
”为主题。
新的四级大纲要求考生不仅能写一般的描写性、
叙述性、说明性的文章，还要求考生能写不同类
型的应用文，其中包括私人和公务信函等，要求
考生具有更高的英语语言实际运用能力。近几年
的题目概括为“命题＋提纲式”作文，体裁由原
来的说明文附带议论成分变为议论文附带说明和
描写成分，但题型上表现出有利于考生发挥的趋
势,
2003年后的作文大体以应用practical writing文
为主。要求考生具有书面语言表达思想的能力，
重点考查语言基本功。应注意有时一篇作文内可
能同时考查数种能力和语体，考生应加强对描述
型、说明型、议论型题材的综合运用能力。比如
2004年6月作文A Brief Introduction to a
Tourist Attraction：欢迎词（口语），一天的
日程安排（说明），描写景点（描述）。
未来的四级作文侧重充分考查考生分析问题、解
决问题、判断事物的抽象思维能力，感知、想象
等形象思维能力以及灵活运用语言、清晰表达思
想的语言驾驭能力。
四级作文命题趋势
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主要试题类型组织表
题型 第一段 第二段 第三段
现象解
释型
描述现象 说明现象产生的原因 表明个人的观点
态度或阐述个人
做法
对比选
择型
表明一方
或双方的
观点
表明另一方的观点及理由，
或指出双方观点的不足之
处理由
表明个人的观点
或阐述个人的做
法
问题解
决型
提出问题 分析问题，给出解决方案 表明个人的观点
态度或阐述个人
做法
观点论
证型
提出论点 例证论点 得出结论或表明
个人看法与做法
应用文 描述事实 阐述原因 表明观点或提出
建议
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试题类型模版及实例
一、现象解释型
1. 要求：主要要求考生对某一社会现象进行解释并加
以评论。
具体：描述社会生活中存在的一种现象，通常会要求
考生对这种现象做出说明，同时表明该种现象反映的
社会问题；进而会要求考生解释这种不良现象存在或
发生的原因，较为常见的方式是要求在第二段对现象
做细致的分析，表述现象发生的原因，或表述现象变
化的原因；在第三段中，又往往要求考生针对现象做
出评论，表明自己的态度、观点或做法，以及如何在
日常生活中有效地实践以消除这种现象或其不利方面。
因为所有段落都围绕这种现象为核心展开，所以称之
为现象解释型试题。
2. 考题频率：现象解释类作文在四级考试中出现频
率最高，从1995年1月到2005年1月共21套题中，
此类作文考了七次，分别是2003年9月The Day My
Classmate Fell Ill (Got Injured)，2003年6月An
Eye-Witness Account of a Traffic Accident，
2003年1月It Pays to Be Honest，2002年6月
Student Use of Computers，1998年1月Do
“Lucky Numbers” Really Bring Good Luck?，
1995年6月Advantage of a Job Interview和2005
年12月Should the University Campus Be Open
to Tourists?。
我们套用三个模版来分析一套真题。
现象解释型模板一
Topic
1. Recently, ___. 2. What
amazes us most is ____. 3.
It is true that ___.
4. There are many
reasons explaining ____. 5.
The main reason is ___.
is more, ___. 7.
Thirdly, ____. 8. As a result
___.
9. Considering all these,
___. 10. For one thing, ____.
11. For another, ____. 12. In
conclusion, ____
信息提示
1.描述现象，引起
话题 2.表现较为典型
的一个方面 3.对于现
象做出评论
4.承上启下，解释
这一现象的原因 5.说
明原因一 6.原因二 7.
原因三 8.讲述导致的
结果
9.作者的态度 10.观
点一 11.观点二 12.总
结全文
现象解释型四级真题(2003年1月)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed
30 minutes to write a composition on the
topic: It Pays to Be Honest. You should
write at least 120 words, and base your
composition on the outline (given in
Chinese) below:
1) 当前社会上存在许多不诚实的现象
2) 诚实利人利已，做人应该诚实
现象解释型真题范文（套用模版一）
It Pays to Be Honest
1. Recently, we often hear
complaints about dishonesty.
2. What amazes us most is that
a lot of students cheat in
exams. 3. It is true that there
are dishonest practices in all
walks of life.
4. There are many reasons
explaining these dishonest
behaviors. 5. The main reason
is that countless people neglect
the moral values in pursuit of
their own interests. is
点评
1. 引起主题内容，使
用often一词表示这种
现象较普遍 2.是第一句
的展开句，说明表现较
为典型的一个方面 3.进
一步做出结论：不诚实
这一现象很普遍
4.承上启下，说明原
因 5.指出主要原因：
人们在重视自身利益的
同时却忽略了道德价值
6.进一步细说原因：缺
乏法规
more, we lack effective laws and
regulations of supervision. 7.
Thirdly, a great many dishonest
people can escape punishment. 8.
As a result, the problem of
dishonesty becomes very serious.
9. Considering all these, I still
want to argue that it pays to be
honest in the long run. 10. For one
thing, honesty is a traditional
virtue of Chinese. 11. For another,
even dishonest people like making
friends with honest people. 12. In
conclusion, we should be honest.
7.说明不诚实现象有
症结所在8.讲述导致
的结果
9. 表述个人的观点，
同时也起到了承上启
下的作用10.个人观点
的理由一 11.个人观
点的理由二 12.总结
全文，做人应该诚实
现象解释型真题范文（套用模版一）
现象解释型模板二
Topic
1. As is known to all, ___.
2. ___ seem to get
accustomed to___. 3. In fact,
___.
4. The reasons of ___ lie in
several aspects. 5. Firstly,
___. 6. Secondly, ___. 7.
Thirdly, ____. 8. Finally, ___.
9. As a matter of fact, ___.
10. On the one hand, ____.
11. On the other hand, ____.
12. Therefore, ____
信息提示
1.摆明现象2.讲明事
实，空格内填People/
Students等 3.说明发
生的实质变化
4.引起下文，讲明原
因 5.原因一 6.原因二
7.原因三 8.原因四或
总结全段
9.说明作者的观点
10.支持这一观点的理
由一 11.理由二 12.得
出结论
It Pays to Be Honest
1. As is known to all, we often
hear complaints about dishonesty. 2.
People seem to get accustomed to
many dishonest behaviors. 3. In fact,
there are dishonest practices in all
walks of life..
4. The reasons of social dishonesty
lie in several aspects. 5. Firstly,
countless people neglect moral values
in pursuit of their material benefits.
6. Secondly, unfair competitions
worsen the situation. 7. Thirdly, we
lack powerful and effective laws
点评
1.摆明现象，引
起话题 2.讲明事实
3.进一步说明不诚
实现象的普遍性
4. 讲明导致不诚
实现象的原因很多，
引起下文 5.讲明原
因一6.原因二：不
公平竞争导致 7.原
因三：缺乏有效的
法规制止
现象解释型真题范文（套用模版二）
and regulations to cope with this
problem. 8. Finally, a lot of dishonest
people may escape punishment
easily.
9. As a matter of fact, to be honest
will be good for both the honest
people and our society. 10. On the
one hand, behaving yourself in an
honest way can win respect from
others. 11. On the other hand, being
honest is an essential step towards
our spiritual civilization. 12.
Therefore, it pays to be honest in the
long run.
8.原因四：不诚实
的人们得不到惩
罚
9.转而说明作者
的观点：诚实有
益 10.诚实有益的
具体表现一 11.诚
实有益的具体表
现二：12.得出结
论：诚实有益。
现象解释型真题范文（套用模版二）
现象解释型模板三
Topic
1. Nowadays, ___. 2. For
one thing, ____. 3. For
another ___. 4. It is obvious
____.
5. Many remarkable
factors contribute to ___. 6
First of all, ___. 7. In
addition, ____. 8.
Thirdly___.
9. As to me, ___. 10. As
we know, ____. 11.
Besides, ____. 12. In a
word, ____
信息提示
1.说明现象 2.支持
这一道理的一个方面
3.支持这一道理的另一
个方面 4.说明现象具
有典型性的一面
5.表明原因，引起下
文 6.产生这一现象的
原因一 7.原因二 8.原
因三
9.作者的观点 10.支
持这一观点的理由一
11.理由二 12.得出结
论
It Pays to Be Honest
1. Nowadays, we often hear
people’s complaints about
dishonesty. 2. For one thing,
employers are troubled with false
certificates. 3. For another,
customers are worrying about fake
commodities. 4. It is obvious that
there are dishonest practices in all
walks of life.
5. Many remarkable factors
contribute to these dishonest
behaviors. 6 First of all, countless
people neglect moral values in
pursuit of their material benefits.
点评
1.指出人们对不
诚实现象的抱怨 2.
人们抱怨的一个方
面 3.人们抱怨的另
一个方面 4.再次说
明不诚实现象的普
遍性
5.转向原因的分
析 6. 原因一：人
们追求物质利益而
忽视道德价值
现象解释型真题范文（套用模版三）
7. In addition, unfair
competitions worsen the
situation. 8. Thirdly, we lack
powerful and effective laws
and regulations to cope with
this problem.
9. As to me, I believe that it
pays to be honest in the long
run. 10. As we know, being
honest is our traditional
virtue. 11. Besides, behaving
yourself honestly can win
respect from others. 12. In a
word, we should be honest.
7.原因的另一方面
8.原因三：缺乏有效的
法规制止
9.我的观点 10.进一
步证明我的观点 11.支
持作者观点的理由二：
诚实能赢得尊敬 12.得
出结论：诚实有益
现象解释型真题范文（套用模版三）
现象解释型叙事作文专用模板
Topic
1. It so happened that,
___. 2. Just at the moment
___. 3. It impressed me most
because ___.
4. What happened was
____. 5. At first, ___.
at the same time,
___. 7. What’s more, ___. 8.
As a result ___.
9. As I understand, ___.
10. On the one hand, ____.
11. On the other hand, ____.
12. Therefore, ____
信息提示
1.指出事件发生的地
点 2.描述事件的开端 3.
描述事件使自己印象深
刻的方面
4.记叙事件的性质或特
征 5.事件进展或情况表
现的一方面 6.另一方面
7.第三方面 8.事件的进
展结果
9.我的理解、看法等
10.理解或看法一 11.理
解或看法二 12.结论
现象解释型模拟题
Directions: For this part, you are allowed
30 minutes to write a composition on the
topic: College Students’ Job-hunting. You
should write at least 120 words and base
your composition on the chart and the
outline (given in Chinese) below.
某大学毕业生当年就业情况一览表
1) 越来越多的毕业生体会到了找工作的压力
2) 大学生就业难的原因
3) 我的看法
提示：
第一步：结合提纲推断题意：毕业生难以找到工作，
这种现象并不少见，原因在于……
第二步：根据题目给出的提纲可知文章应包含如下
三项基本内容：
(1)现象部分：随着大学的不断扩招，越来越多的毕
业生体会到了找工作的压力
(2)解释部分：大学生就业难的原因有很多，如：高
校扩招使得供过于求的问题更为突出，有些学生期
望值过高，宁可呆在家里也不愿从事低薪工作，还
有其他一些原因。
(3)表明作者的态度部分：我的看法
现象解释型范文(套模版一)
College Students’ Job-hunting
1. Recently, college students’ employment has
become a hot topic. 2. What amazes us most is
that, according to the statistical chart, about 40
percent of college graduates cannot find proper
job in 2003. 3. It is true that the employment
situation is no longer as optimistic as before.
4. There are many reasons explaining the huge
unemployment pressure on college graduates. 5.
The main reason is that the supply of graduates is
much more than the demand in the market.
is more, the economic development in
现象解释型范文(套模版一)
recent years needs excellent personnel with more
than two years’ work experience. 7. Thirdly, many
graduates have too high expectations. 8. As a
result, they will stay at home waiting for
employment with high salary.
9. Considering all these, many measures must be
taken to cope with this social problem. 10. For one
thing, the employment centers of various circles
should play a vital role. 11. For another, the college
students should change their attitude toward
selecting jobs actively. 12. In conclusion, it calls for
the joint efforts of the society to help graduates.
现象解释型范文(套模版二)
College Students’ Job-hunting
1. As is known to all, college students’ employment
has become a hot topic in today’s China. 2. People
seem to get accustomed to the ever-tighter job
market. 3. In fact, about 40 percent of graduates
from colleges and universities cannot find proper
job in 2003.
4. The reasons of the huge unemployment
pressure on college graduates lie in several aspects.
5. Firstly, the supply of graduates is much more
than the demand in the market. 6. Secondly, the
economic development in recent years needs
现象解释型范文(套模版二)
excellent personnel with more than two years’
work experience. 7. Thirdly, many graduates have
too high expectations. 8. Finally, many graduates
would rather stay at home waiting for
employment than to work at grass roots.
9. As a matter of fact, many measures must be
taken to cope with this social problem. 10. On the
one hand, employment centers at various levels
should play a vital role. 11. On the other hand, the
college students should change their attitude
toward selecting jobs actively. 12. Therefore, it
needs the joint efforts of the society to help
graduates.
现象解释型范文(套模版三)
College Students’ Job-hunting
1. Nowadays, college students’ employment has
become a hot topic in China. 2. For one thing,
according to the statistical chart, about 40
percent of college graduates cannot find proper
job in 2003. 3. For another, the market demand for
college graduates is getting less and less. 4. It is obvious
that the employment situation is no longer as
optimistic as before.
5. Many remarkable factors contribute to the huge
unemployment pressure on college graduates . 6
First of all, the supply of graduates is much more
现象解释型范文(套模版三)
than the demand in the market. 7. In addition,
the economic development needs excellent
personnel with more than two years’ work
experience. 8. Thirdly, most graduates are not
willing to be employed at a low salary.
9. As to me, I think that many measures must
be taken to cope with this social problem. 10. As
we know, the employment centers at all levels
should play a vital role. 11. Besides, the college
students should change their attitude toward
selecting jobs actively. 12. In a word, it calls for
the joint efforts of the society to help graduates.
二、对比选择型
1. 要求：本题型要求考生比较两种观点或两
种做法，进而表明自己对该问题或事物的态度
（事观点），也就是做出选择。
2. 考题频率：自1995年来，本对比选择型题
共考5次，分别是2000年6月Is a Test of
Spoken English Necessary?, 1999年6月
Reading Selectively of Extensively，1998
年6月Do “Lucky Numbers” Really Bring
Good Luck?，1996年6月Global Shortage
of Fresh Water。2006年12月The Spring
Festival Evening Get-Together
试题类型模版及实例
对比选择型模板一
Topic
1. There is a heated debate
over ___. 2. It is commonly
accepted that ____. 3. In contrast,
others ___.
4. Those who hold the first
opinion suggest ____. 5. In their
view, ___. 6. However, others
think ___. 7. They argue that ___.
8. Considering one after
another, I stand on the side of
___. 9. First of all, ___. 10.
Furthermore, ____. 11. Thirdly,
____. 12. Therefore, ____
信息提示
1.两种观点针对的争
论焦点 2.观点一 3.与
观点一对立的观点二
4.观点一的理由 5.深
入阐述观点一的理由 6.
观点二的理由 7.深入阐
述观点二的理由
8.我的看法 9.个人看
法的依据一 10.个人看
法的依据二 11.个人看
法的依据三 12.个人的
结论
对比选择型四级真题(2000年6月)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30
minutes to write a composition on the topic: Is A
Test of Spoken English Necessary? You should
write at least 120 words, and base your
composition on the outline (given in Chinese)
below:
1) 很多人认为有必要举行英语口语考试，理由是……
2) 也有人持不同意见……
3) 我的看法和打算
Is A Test of Spoken English Necessary?
A test of spoken English will be included as an
optional component of the College English Test (CET).
对比选择型真题范文
Is A Test of Spoken
English Necessary?
A test of spoken English
will be included as an
optional component of the
College English Test (CET).
1. There is a heated debate
over the necessity of the
test. 2. It is commonly
accepted that such a test in
China is very necessary. 3.
In contrast, others think it
unnecessary.
点评
文章给出了主题句，在这
种情况下应当做适当的变通，
使模版首句与前面给出的句
子适当衔接.
1. 根据具体情况，灵活套
用句型 2.和3.是表明两种不
同的观点形成鲜明的对比，
为下文的展开做好了铺垫，
也是 1. 的扩展句，起到补
充说明的作用 2.认为英语口
语考试有必要 3.认为英语口
语考试没有必要.
对比选择型真题范文
4. Those who hold the
first opinion suggest the
speaking ability is very
important in today’s society.
5. In their view, a test of
spoken English will urge
college students to improve
their oral English. 6.
However, others think that
writing skills would be
enough for daily use. 7. They
argue that spoken English
does not necessarily mean
better opportunities.
4.和 5.揭示第一种观
点的理由和英语口语考试
的重要性 4认为英语口语
很重要 5英语口语考试能
够推动大学生提高口语水
平 6. 和7.两句在语义上相
互照应，从两个方面揭示
支持第二种观点的理由。
短语的点缀、句型的变化
增加了文章的亮点。6认
为书面英语已经足够。7
口语并不一定带来更好的
机会。
对比选择型真题范文
8. Considering one after
another, I stand on the side of
the former idea. 9. First of all,
English as a language is a tool for
oral communication. 10.
Furthermore, the ability to speak
English fluently is a must for us
in the more open China. 11.
Thirdly, the test will help us in
our job-seeking. 12. Therefore,
the test of spoken English is
necessary.
8. 个人的观点鲜
明，支持第一种观点。
9. 英语是口头交流的
工具 10. 随着中国越
来越开放，英语口语
必不可少。 11. 口语
考试有利于我们找工
作。 12.整篇文章的
总结，照应前文，既
是结论，又是主旨。
对比选择型模板二
Topic
1. Recently, we may hear quite
different opinions___. 2. Most
people take it for granted that
____. 3. However, others hold
___.
4. A dominant idea is that
____. 5. In this view, ___. 6.
Nevertheless, the objectors think
___. 7. They argue that ____.
8. As to me, I prefer ___. 9. On
the one hand, ___. 10. On the
other hand, ____. 11. Therefore,
____. 12. In conclusion, ____
信息提示
1.两种观点针对的争论焦
点 2.多数人的观点一 3.提出
与多数人观点对立的观点二
4.多数人的观点及理由 5.
深入阐述观点一的理由 6.观
点二及观点二的理由 7.深入
阐述观点二的理由
8.我的看法或偏好 9.个人
看法的依据一 10.个人看法
的依据二 11.个人的结论
12.文章的结论
对比选择型真题范文
Is A Test of Spoken
English Necessary?
A test of spoken English
will be included as an
optional component of the
College English Test (CET).
1. We may hear quite
different comments on this
idea. 2. Most people take it
for granted that such a test is
very necessary for college
students. 3. However, others
hold a different opinion.
点评
文章给出了主题句，
在这种情况下应当做适
当的变通，使模版 首句
与前面的句子适当 衔接
1. 根据具体情况，灵
活套用句型，承接上文。
2.和3.比较对立的两种观
点
对比选择型真题范文
4. A dominant idea is that
English as a language is a tool
for oral communication. 5. In
this opinion, such a test will
make college student realize
the importance of oral English.
6. Nevertheless, the objectors
think that many people need
not use oral English at work. 7.
They argue that the test may
not reflect the true level____.
4. 观点一和理由：语
言是口头交流的工具
5.深入阐述观点一的理
由：英语口语考试会让
学生意识到英语口语的
重要性 6. 观点二的理
由：许多人工作时没有
必要使用英语口语。7.
进一步阐述观点二的理
由：这样的考试未必能
反映真实水平。
对比选择型真题范文
8. As to me, I prefer the
former opinion. 9. On the
one hand, I like exchanging
ideas with foreigners. 10. On
the other hand, the ability to
speak English fluently is a
must for us in the more
open China. 11. Therefore,
the test will give more
incentive to our oral
English. 12. In conclusion,
the test of spoken English is
necessary for us.
8.我的看法：支持第
一种观点。9.个人看法
的依据一：喜欢与外国
人进行交流。 10.个人
看法的依据二：随着中
国更加开放，我们必须
能够说一口流利的英语
11.个人的结论：考试为
我们学习口语增加动力。
12.文章的结论：口语考
试有必要。
对比选择型模板三
Topic
1. Different people will offer
quite different ideas___. 2. Many
people assert ____. 3. However,
others believe ___.
4. Some may proclaim ____. 5.
They maintain such an idea
because ___. 6. In contrast, the
objectors think ___. 7. They
argue that ____.
8. As far as I am concerned, I
agree to ___. 9. First, ___. 10.
Second, ____. 11. Last but not
least, ____. 12. In a word, ____
信息提示
1.两种观点针对的问题
或现象 2.提出观点一 3.提
出与观点一对立的观点二
4. 观点一及观点一的理
由 5.深入阐述观点一的理
由 6.观点二及观点二的理
由 7.深入阐述观点二的理
由
8.我的看法或偏好 9.个
人看法的依据一 10.个人看
法的依据二 11.个人看法的
依据三12.个人的结论或文
章的结论
对比选择型真题范文
Is A Test of Spoken
English Necessary?
A test of spoken English
will be included as an
optional component of the
College English Test (CET).
1. Different people will offer
quite different ideas on this
news. 2. Many people assert
that such a test is
unnecessary in China. 3.
However, others believe that
it is necessary.
点评
虽然文章给出了主题句，
但模版首句与前面的句子
完全可以衔接，勿须改动。
1. 点出两种观点争论的
焦点。 2. 提出观点一。
3.提出与观点一相对的观
点二。
对比选择型真题范文
4. Some may proclaim that
fluent oral English does not
necessarily mean better
opportunities. 5. They maintain
such an idea because many
people need not use oral
English at work. 6. In contrast,
the objectors think that a fluent
spoken English is badly in need
in today’s society. 7. They
argue that English as a
language is a tool for oral
communication.
4. 观点一的理由。
5. 深入阐述观点一的
理由。6. 观点二的理
由。7. 深入阐述观点
二的理由。
对比选择型真题范文
8. As far as I am concerned,
I agree to the latter opinion. 9.
First, the test can encourage
college students to improve
their spoken English. 10.
Second, the ability to speak
English fluently is a must for us
since China will continue her
open-door policy. 11. Last but
not least, I like exchanging ideas
with foreigners. 12. In a word,
the test of spoken English is
necessary.
8. 表明我的立场。
9. 个人看法的依据一。
10. 个人看法的依据
二。11. 依据三。12.
整篇文章的总结，照
应前文，既是结论，
又是主旨。
对比选择型模拟题
Directions: For this part, you are allowed
30 minutes to write a composition on the
topic: Lectures and Discussions. You
should write at least 120 words, and base
your composition on the outline (given in
Chinese) below:
1) 一些学生赞成讲座式教学
2) 另一些学生偏爱讨论式教学
3) 我的看法
方法提示
第一步：结合提纲推断题意：试题要求考生
对比分析讨论式教学与讲座式教学方法的优
点与缺点，并陈述自己的看法。
第二步：根据题目给出的提纲可知文章应包
含以下三项基本内容：
1) 一部分人的看法：一些人赞成讲座式教学
2) 另一部分人的看法：另一些人偏爱讨论式
教学
3) 作者的看法与做法：我的看法。
对比选择型模拟题范文(套用模版一)
Lectures and Discussions
1. There is a heated debate over lectures and
discussions. 2. It is commonly accepted that
lectures can help students learn more quickly. 3.
In contrast, others hold that discussions can
stimulate students to learn by themselves.
4. Those who hold the first opinion suggest that
students attend more lectures. 5. In their view,
teachers help students master the knowledge
which is accumulated by them in many years’
study and research. 6. However, others think that
in a discussion, the teacher usually guides the
students instead of dominating them. 7. They
argue that involving in a discussion, students
对比选择型模拟题范文(套用模版一)
Lectures and Discussions
have to develop their ability to analyze problems.
8. Considering one after another, I stand on the
side of neither idea. 9. First of all, different
methods have different disadvantages. 10.
Furthermore, each student has his or her
favorites. 11. Thirdly, lectures are preferable to
discussions in the teaching of science and
mathematics and on the contrary, discussions are
preferable to lectures in the art and philosophy
subjects. 12. Therefore, we should adopt different
teaching methods according to different subjects.
Lectures and Discussions
1. Recently, we may hear quite different
opinions about lectures and discussions. 2. Most
people take it for granted that lectures can help
students to learn more quickly. 3. However,
others hold that discussions can stimulate
students to learn by themselves.
4. A dominant idea is that attending a lecture
can save more time. 5. In this view, teachers are
passing on their knowledge which is accumulated
by them in many years’ study and research to the
对比选择型模拟题范文(套用模版二)
students. 6. Nevertheless, the objectors think that
a discussion may leave a deeper impression. 7.
They argue that involving in a discussion, students
can develop their ability to analyze problems.
8. As to me, I prefer neither of the two extreme
idea. 9. On the one hand, different methods have
different disadvantages. 10. On the other hand,
each student has his or her favorite. 11.
Therefore, neither method can be rejected while
another is adopted. 12. In conclusion, we might
adopt different teaching methods according to
different subjects.
对比选择型模拟题范文(套用模版二)
Lectures and Discussions
1. Different people will offer quite different
ideas about lectures and discussions. 2. Many
people assert that lectures can help students
learn more quickly. 3. However, others believe
that discussions can stimulate students to learn
by themselves.
4. Some may proclaim that attending a lecture
can save more time. 5. They maintain such an
idea because they may get the direct and right
answers from the teachers’ lectures. 6. In
contrast, the objectors think that discussions
may leave students a deeper impression in their
对比选择型模拟题范文(套用模版三)
Lectures and Discussions
study. 7. They argue that involving in a
discussion, the students have to develop their
ability to analyze problems.
8. As far as I am concerned, I agree to neither
of the two teaching methods. 9. First, different
methods have different disadvantages. 10.
Second, each student has his or her favorites.
11. Last but not least, lectures are preferable to
discussions in the teaching of science and
mathematics. 12. In a word, we can adopt
different teaching methods according to different
subjects.
对比选择型模拟范文题(套用模版三)
四级作文题目：
CCTV春节晚会是否应该开办？
1、许多人喜欢看CCTV春节晚会；
2、但有的人认为应该取消；
3、你的看法
本次四级考试作文总体上来说并不是很难。但
表现出两个出人意料：一是体裁，二是题材。
对于体裁来说，本次四级作文属于正反对比论
证类的文体。比较出人意料，又回到了老的考
查模式。对于题材，本次四级作文的话题是关
于人们对于春节晚会的不同看法，属于社会生
活类话题，一反常态，没有再次考查校园类话
题。但是对于当代大学生来说，与大学生有关
的社会话题也是需要关注的，这也说明考试方
向的变化：校园类话题与社会热点话题同等重
要,这一点对于未来考四级的学生的作文备考
的方向有一定的指导意义。
对比选择型模拟题范文(套用模版一)
The Spring Festival Evening Get-Together
1. There is a heated debate over the Spring
Festival Evening Get-Together . 2. It is commonly
accepted that it seems to have been an
indispensable company during the traditional New
Year’s Eve for a great number of people. 3. In
contrast, others hold that it should be canceled.
4. Those who hold the first opinion suggest that
the party should stay. 5. In their view, it brings so
many happiness to all Chinese around the world in
all these years. 6. However, others think that as
more diverse life styles have emerged nowadays ,we
should not go on holding the party. 7. They argue
that they like to choose the activities they like to
celebrate the new year.
对比选择型模拟题范文(套用模版一)
8. Considering one after another, I think the
Evening Get-Together is supposed to be here to
stay. 9. First of all, it may not remain a must for all
people, but it can bring us a strong sense of
festivity and serve as an alternative among the
variety of holiday activities. 10. Furthermore, with
such a gathering, family members will have a
perfect opportunity to enjoy more fun and
. Therefore, the Spring Festival
Evening Get-Together still should be held in
China.
The Spring Festival Evening Get-Together
1. Recently, we may hear quite different
opinions about the Spring Festival Evening Get-
Together . 2. Most people take it for granted that it
seems to have been an indispensable company
during the traditional New Year’s Eve . 3. However,
others hold that it should be canceled.
4. A dominant idea is that the party should stay.
5. In this view, it brings so many happiness to all
Chinese around the world in all these years. 6.
Nevertheless, the objectors think as more diverse
life styles have emerged nowadays ,we should not
go on holding the party.
对比选择型模拟题范文(套用模版二)
7. They argue that they like to choose the activities
they like to celebrate the new year.
8. As to me, I prefer the former idea. 9. On the
one hand, it may not remain a must for all people,
but it can bring us a strong sense of festivity and
serve as an alternative among the variety of
holiday activities. 10. On the other hand, with such
a gathering, family members will have a perfect
opportunity to enjoy more fun and happiness . 11.
In conclusion, the Spring Festival Evening Get-
Together still should be held in China.
对比选择型模拟题范文(套用模版二)
The Spring Festival Evening Get-Together
1. Different people will offer quite different
ideas about the Spring Festival Evening Get-
Together . 2. Many people assert that it seems to
have been an indispensable company during the
traditional New Year’s Eve . 3. However, others
believe that it should be canceled.
4. Some may proclaim the party should stay. 5.
They maintain such an idea because it brings so
many happiness to all Chinese around the world
in all these years. 6. In contrast, the objectors
think as more diverse life styles have emerged
nowadays ,we should not go on holding the
party.
对比选择型模拟题范文(套用模版三)
7. They argue that they like to choose the
activities they like to celebrate the new year.
8. As far as I am concerned, I agree to the
former idea. 9. First, it may not remain a must for
all people, but it can bring us a strong sense of
festivity and serve as an alternative among the
variety of holiday activities. 10 Second, with such
a gathering, family members will have a perfect
opportunity to enjoy more fun and happiness. 11.
In a word, the Spring Festival Evening Get-
Together still should be held in China.
对比选择型模拟范文题(套用模版三)
三、问题解决型
1. 要求：本题型要求考生从描述文字/图表入手，解
释试题文字/图表反映出社会生活中存在的一个现实
问题，指出问题的危害性或解决这一问题的紧迫性；
然后在第二段对问题展开分析，提出解决问题的方
案或应对措施；最后一段要求考生表明自己对待这
一问题的态度、做法等。这种试题，因为所有的段
落都以某个问题为核心展开，以提出问题－分析问
题－解决问题为主线，所以称之为问题解决。这类
作文包括图表式作文和提纲式作文，所以，引用数
据要有典型性、解释原因要注意连贯性、解决问题
要突出可行性。
试题类型模版及实例
2. 考题频率：1995年6月以来，问题解决型
作文共考了四次，分别是：
2001年1月How to Succeed in a Job
Interview?
2000年1月How I Finance My College
Education?
1997年6月Getting to Know the World
Outside the Campus
1996年1月The two-day Weekend。
问题解决型模板一
Topic
1. With the ___ of ___, ___.
2. So it is of great
importance for us to ___. 3.
On the one hand, ___. 4. On
the other hand, ___.
5. However, we have
figured out many ways to
___. 6. Firstly, ___. 7. So
long as___. 8. Secondly,
___.. 9. Thirdly ___.
10. In fact, ___. 11. That is
because, ___. 12. In a word,
___.
信息提示
1. 问题出现的背景
2.引出问题 3.问题的后
果一 4.问题的后果二
5.提出解决这一问题
的方法 6.解决方法一
7.进一步说明方法一 8.
方法二 9.方法三
10.提出解决问题的
根本途径 11.支持上句
的理由 12.总结全文
问题解决型四级真题(2001年1月)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed
30 minutes to write a composition on the
topic: How to Succeed in a Job
Interview? You should write at least 120
words, and base your composition on
the outline (given in Chinese) below:
1) 面试在求职过程中的作用
2) 取得面试成功的因素：仪表、举止谈吐、
能力、专业知识、自信、实事求是……
问题解决型真题范文
How to Succeed in a Job
Interview
1. With the development of the
. market, the interview is
becoming more and more
important in job-seeking. 2. So it
is of great importance for us to
master skills on interview. 3. On
the one hand, the interviewer can
know about the candidates in the
interview. 4. On the other hand,
the interviewee can get necessary
information directly from the
interviewer.
点 评
1. 是整篇文章的
一个铺垫，突出了
主题interview的重
要性。 2. 点出文章
的意图，掌握面试
技巧至关重要。 3.
和4.是补充说明句2
的内容，从两个方
面论证掌握技巧的
重要性。
问题解决型真题范文
5. However, we have
figured out many ways to
make an excellent
performance in an
interview. 6. Firstly, the
interviewee has to pay
attention to his appearance.
7. So long as we realize that
the first impression is
important, we must pay
attention to it. 8. Secondly,
a good manner is equally
important. 9. Thirdly an
interviewee must
信息提示
5. 起到了承上启下的作
用，介绍多种面试技巧。
6至9是本段主题 句的展
开说明。这一段落组织十
分严密，详细介绍面试技
巧。6. 面试成功途径一：
要注重外表。7.对句6的
内容做出进一步说明：目
的是留下好的第一印象。
8.面试成功途径二：要有
礼貌。9.面试成功途径三：
成功展示自己的工作技能。
问题解决型真题范文
demonstrate his skills for the
job.
10. In fact, the skills for the
job play a decisive role. 11.
That is because skills enable us
to cope well with our work. 12.
In a word, a qualified
candidate must give a fair
performance.
10. 总结归纳成功面
试的关键点--- 工作技
能。11. 对句10做出合
理的解释。12. 做出结
论，总结全文。
问题解决型模板二
Topic
1. There has been a
discussion recently about ___.
2. It is true to the present
situation that ___. 3. But ___.
4. As in known to all, there
are many ways ___. 5. First of
all ___. 6. Furthermore, ___. 7.
Last but not least, ___.
8. So it is high time for us to
___. 9. That is because ___. 10.
Secondly, ___. 11. Thirdly, ___.
12. All in all, ___.
信息提示
1.引出问题 2.现实
的情况 3.问题的根源
4.提出解决这一问
题的方法 5.解决方法
一 6.方法二 7.方法三
8.提出解决这一问
题的必要性 9. 必要性
的理由一 10.理由二
11.理由三 12.总结全
文
问题解决型真题范文
How to Succeed in a Job
Interview?
1. There has been a
discussion recently about the
interview. 2. It is true to the
present situation that the
interview becomes
indispensable in seeking a job.
3. But not everyone has
realized its importance.
点评
1.引出主题
interview 2. 突出
interview的重要性。
3. 问题的关键。
问题解决型真题范文
4. As in known to all,
there are many ways to succeed
in a job interview. 5. First of
all, the interviewee must
demonstrate his aptitudes and
skills for the job. 6.
Furthermore, the interviewee
ought to be honest about his
academic background. 7. Last
but not least, the interviewee
should behave himself as
properly as possible.
4.起到了承上启下的
作用，介绍多种面试
技巧。5. 面试成功途
径一。6. 面试成功途
径二。7. 面试成功途
径三。
问题解决型真题范文
8. So it is high time for us
to master the skills on
interview. 9. That is because an
excellent performance will
enable the interviewee to secure
the job. 10. Secondly,
candidates can find a good job
with these skills. 11. Thirdly,
these skills are basics for
candidates. 12. All in all, a fair
performance can ensure a
candidate’s success.
8. 提出掌握面试技
巧的必要性。9. 解释
掌握面试技巧必要性
的原因一：帮助参加
面试者找到工作。10.
原因二：掌握了这些
技巧后能找到好工作。
11. 原因三：此技巧对
参加面试者是最基本
的。12. 得出结论。
问题解决型模板三
Topic
1. Nowadays, there is a
growing concern on ___. 2. It is
certain that ___. 3. However,
___.
4. It will cause many serious
results if ___. 5. Firstly, ___. 6.
Secondly, ___. 7. Finally, ___.
8. In spite of all these, there
are still many ways ___. 9. First
of all, ___. 10. In addition, ___.
11. Thirdly, ___. 12. Only in this
way, ___.
信息提示
1. 提出问题 2. 问题
产生的背景 3.与背景
有关的情况
4. 问题产生的原因
5. 原因一 6.原因二 7.
原因三
8. 解决这一问题的
方法 9. 方法一 10. 方
法二 11. 方法三 12.
指明前景
问题解决型真题范文
How to Succeed in a Job
Interview?
1. Nowadays, there is a
growing concern on the
interview at job market. 2. It is
certain that the interview is
indispensable for getting a job.
3. However, some people have
not realized the importance of
the interview.
点评
1. 提出问题：人
们对求职面试的关注。
2. 说明问题产生的背
景：面试是求职不可
或缺的步骤。3. 转折
指出与背景有关的情
况：一些人没有认识
到面试的重要性：为
下文铺垫。
问题解决型真题范文
4. It will cause many serious
results if a candidate ignore the
importance of the interview. 5.
Firstly, the interviewer know
about the candidates in an
interview. 6. Secondly, the
interviewee can get necessary
information directly. 7. Finally,
excellent performance in an
interview will enable the
interviewee to secure a job.
4. 反面说明面试
的重要性。5. 面试
的重要性体现一：
让考官了解自己。
6.求职者可以获得
必要的信息。7. 面
试过程中的良好表
现有助于求职者找
到工作。
问题解决型真题范文
8. In spite of all these, there
are still many ways for an
interviewee to adopt. 9. First of
all, the interviewee must
demonstrate his aptitudes and
skills for the job. 10. In
addition, the interviewee ought
to be honest about his personal
details. 11. Thirdly, the
interviewee should act as
properly as possible. 12. Only in
this way can he succeed in an
interview.
8. 转向解决问题
的方法：求职者有很
多方法可以采纳。 9.
可采纳的方法一：展
示自己的工作才能与
技能。10. 诚实交待
个人信息。11. 表现
得当。 12. 倒装句指
明前景：面试会成功：
呼应前面提出的方法。
问题解决型模拟题
Directions: For this part, you are allowed
30 minutes to write a composition on the
topic: Pollution from Cars. You should
write at least 120 words, and base your
composition on the chart and the outline
(given in Chinese) below:
1) 汽车是城市中空气污染的最主要原因
2) 我们对此应当采纳的措施有……
方法提示
第一步：结合题目和提纲推断题意：试题要求考生
分析汽车引起城市空气污染这一问题，要解决这一
问题当然有很多种方法。
第二步：根据题目给出的提纲可知文章应包含以下
三项基本内容
1) 问题部分：随着汽车数量的增加，污染问题备受
关注
2) 解决部分：治理污染的措施有：尽量少开汽车；
改进引擎，减少污染，使用清洁的能源。
3) 表明作者的态度。
问题解决型模拟范文(套用模版一)
Pollution from Cars
1. With the improvement of people’s living
standard in recent years, many people can afford
a car. 2. So it is of great importance for us to pay
more attention to the pollution from cars. 3. On
the one hand, cars may cause various pollutions
in the air. 4. On the other hand, so far 60% of the
air pollution in the cities, as is shown in the
chart, is from cars.
5. However, we have figured out many ways to
reduce the pollution from cars. 6. Firstly, non-
pollution fuel oil for cars can be used. 7. So long
问题解决型模拟范文( 套用模版一)
Pollution from Cars
as we can make use of cheap non-pollution fuel
oil, the pollution will gradually decreased. 8.
Secondly, people had better use cars as less as
possible. 9. Thirdly, scientists are conducting
research to improve the engine.
10. In fact, our city will be more cleaner in the
future. 11. That is because, the government has
invested much in pollution control. 12. In a word,
everyone must take his or her responsibility to
eliminate the air pollution.
问题解决型模拟范文(套用模板二)
Pollution from Cars
1. There has been a discussion recently about the
pollution from cars. 2. It is true to the present situation
that there is more pollution in the cities than ever
before. 3. But the air pollution stemming from cars, as
is shown in the chart, accounts for 60% of the total.
4. As in known to all, there are many ways to reduce
air pollution from cars. 5. First of all, less-pollution
fuel oil for cars can be used. 6. Furthermore, we can
try to persuade people to use cars as less as possible. 7.
Last but not least, scientists are conducting research to
improve the engine.
问题解决型模拟范文(套用模板二)
Pollution from Cars
8. So it is high time for us to take measures and get
the air pollution under control. 9. That is because the
air pollution caused by cars has entailed serious
consequences. 10. Secondly, the more cars the families
own, the more polluted the air becomes. 11. Thirdly,
the pollution will heavily affect people’s health. 12. All
in all, we can say for sure that the city will be cleaner
in the near future.
问题解决型模拟题范文(套用模板三)
Pollution from Cars
1. Nowadays, there is a growing concern on the air
pollution from cars. 2. It is certain that there are more
sources of pollution than ever before. 3. However, as is
shown in the chart, the main source of air pollution is
from cars, accounting for 60% of the total air
pollution.
4. It will cause many serious results if we do not take
any effective measures and get the air pollution under
control. 5. Firstly, the polluted air is harmful to our
health. 6. Secondly, the polluted air may cause acid
rain and thick fog and so on, which are ruining our
问题解决型模拟题范文(套用模板三)
Pollution from Cars
industrial and agriculture production. 7. Finally,
environment contamination in the cities is also caused
by polluted air.
8. In spite of all these, there are still many ways we
can take to reduce the air pollution from cars. 9. First
of all, less-pollution fuel oil for cars can be used. 10. In
addition, we can also persuade more people to use cars
as less as possible. 11. Thirdly, scientists are
conducting research to improve the engine. 12. Only in
this way can we make our city clean in the near future.
四、观点论证型
1. 要求：本题型要求考生根据题目给出的论点，按照
提纲的结构要求对其进行论证，然后表明自己的立场
和看法。
首先提出论点或观点，作为全文的出发点；第二段要
求考生针对这一观点举出具体的例子来论证，即我们
说的论证法；第三段要求考生表明自己的态度、做法，
以及在日常生活中如何有效地实践这一观点。这种试
题因为所有的段落都以某个观点为核心展开，所以我
们称之为观点论证型试题。
2. 考题频率：自1995年至今共考两次，分别是1999年
1月Don’t Hesitate to Say “No” 和1997年1月
Practice Makes Perfect。
试题类型模版及实例
观点论证型模板一
Topic
1. It is well known that
___. 2. The truth of it is self-
evident. 3. No one can deny
___. 4. Therefore, ___.
5. Many examples can be
found to prove ___. 6. Take
___ as a typical example. 7.
People ___. 8. Furthermore,
___.
9. It goes without saying
that ___. 10. Then, ___. 11.
There is no doubt that ___.
12. In conclusion, ___.
信息提示
1.提出观点 2.强调
观点 3.观点的理论依
据 4.证明观点的正确
性
5.提出事实，论证
观点 6.提出具体的例
子 7.人们的习惯做法
8.其它相关的事实
9.该观点在日常生
活中的体现 10.重申该
观点的正确性 11.得出
结论 12.总结全文
观点论证型四级真题(1999年1月)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed
30 minutes to write a composition on the
topic: Don’t Hesitate to Say “No”. You
should write at least 120 words, and base
your composition on the outline (given in
Chinese) below:
1) 别人请求帮助时，在什么情况下我们会说
“不”；
2) 为什么有些人在该说“不”的时候不说“
不”；
3) 该说“不”时不说“不”的坏处。
观点论证型真题范文(套用模板一)
Don’t Hesitate to Say “No”
1. It is well known that we
should not hesitate to say “No”
on many occasions. 2. The truth
of it is self-evident. 3. No one
can deny that when we are
unable to offer help, we should
say “No”. 4. Therefore, a direct
reply “No” should be used to
avoid misunderstanding among
us.
点评
1. 提出观点: 很多
情况下都应该说“不
”，统领全文。2. 强
调观点显明性。3. 从
反面说明句1的观点：
不能提供帮助时就应
该说“不”。4. 总结
本段，说明回答“不
”的好处。
观点论证型真题范文(套用模板一)
5. Many examples,
however, can be found to
prove that it is not easy to
say “No”. 6. Take our reply
to others’ request as a
typical example. 7. People
prefer to say “Yes” for fear
of hurting others when
they should say “No”. 8.
Furthermore, people
usually think refusal means
inability .
5. 举出实例，说明在
现实生活中要说“不”就
不那么容易了。However
：表示句意转折，灵活运
用句型。6. 引出具体的事
例：面临别人的请求时不
好说“不”。7. 解释为什
么人们不说“不”：怕伤
害别人。8. 其它相关的事
实进一步解释人们不说“
不”的理由：拒绝意味着
无能。
观点论证型真题范文(套用模板一)
9. It goes without saying
that others will
misunderstand our situation
if we lie by saying “Yes”. 10.
Then, they will be really hurt
when we are not about to
help them in the end. 11.
There is no doubt that
everybody should say “No”
politely. 12. In conclusion,
only in this way can we live
harmoniously with others.
9. 解释该说“不”
的时候不说“不”的坏
处：不加拒绝地不说“
不”会导致别人的误解。
10. 重申作者观点的正
确性：当初不说“不”
最终不能兑现诺言时，
反而给人造成真正的伤
害。11. 得出结论：我
们应该礼貌地说“不”
。12. 进一步重申结论：
说“不”会带来好处。
观点论证型模板二
Title
1. It is believe that ___. 2.
The truth is deep and
profound. 3. As we know, ___.
4. Consequently, ___.
5. A case in point is ___. 6.
This is close to suggest ___. 7.
It is true that ___. 8. In
addition, ___.
9. All mentioned above tells
us ___. 10. As a matter of fact,
___. 11. There is no denying
that ___. 12. In short, ___.
信息提示
1.提出观点 2.强
调这一观点 3.观点
的理论依据 4.证明
观点正确性的理论
5.提出具体的例
子 6.深入探讨这一
事例7.重申理论的
正确性 8.其它相关
的事实
9. 重申观点10.
观点在日常生活中
的体现 11.得出结论
12.总结全文
观点论证型真题范文(套用模板二)
Don’t Hesitate to Say “No”
1. It is believed that we
should directly say “No” on
many occasions. 2. The
truth is deep and profound.
3. As we know, when we
cannot offer help, we
should tell the truth to
others. 4. Consequently, we
should not hesitate to say
“No”.
点评
1.提出观点：很多
情况下都应该说“不
”，统领全文。 2.进
一步说明观点的正确
性。3.深入论证观点
的正确性。4.得出本
段的结论，重申观点。
观点论证型真题范文(套用模板二)
Don’t Hesitate to Say “No”
5. A case in point is the
daily behavior of us. 6. This
is close to suggest that it is
always not easy to say
“No”. 7. It is true that
people often prefer to say
“Yes” for fear of hurting
others. 8. In addition, many
people think that refusal
usually means inability.
点评
5. 以日常行为为实
例说明观点。6.说明
说“不”的不易性。
7.解释为什么人们不
说“不”：怕伤害别
人。For fear of: 固定
短语的正确用法。8.
进一步解释人们不说
“不”的理由：拒绝
意味着无能。
观点论证型真题范文(套用模板二)
Don’t Hesitate to Say “No”
9. All mentioned above
tells us it is hard for us to
say “No” when we need to.
10. As a matter of fact,
others will misunderstand
our situation when we lie by
saying “Yes”. 11. There is
no denying that we will
really hurt them when we
fail to help them in the end.
12. In short, everybody
should learn to say “No”
directly.
点评
9. 总结上面的原
因，重申说“不”的
不易性。10. 从反面说
明该说“不”的时候
不说“不”的坏处一：
导致别人的误解。11.
该说“不”的时候不
说“不”的坏处二：
最终不能帮助别人时，
会伤害别人。12. 总结
全文，重申观点：应
该学会说“不”。
观点论证型模拟题
Directions: For this part, you are allowed
30 minutes to write a composition on the
topic: Wealth and Happiness. You should
write at least 120 words, and base your
composition on the outline (given in
Chinese) below:
1) 每个人都想获得财富，财富似乎就是幸福
2) 其实世界上有许多东西是财富换不来的
方法提示
第一步：结合提纲推断寓意：世界上有许多东西
是财富换不来的，这是一个鲜明的观点。试题要
求考生论证这一观点(金钱不完全等同于幸福)。
第二步：根据题目给出的提纲可知文章应包含以
下三项甘基本内容 ：
1) 观点部分：金钱并不完全代表幸福，这是大家
都明白的道理。但在现实生活中，金钱的确起到
了很大的作用。很多人相信，金钱不是万能的，
但没有钱是万万不能的。
2) 例证部分：其实世界上有许多东西是财富换不
来的，如友谊。
3) 表明作者态度部分：幸福的构成因素很多，包
括友谊、爱心、财富、健康、知识 等等。
观点论证型模拟题范文(套用模板一)
Wealth and Happiness
1. It is well known that wealth doesn’t
necessarily mean happiness in today’s world. 2.
The truth of it is self-evident. 3. No one can deny
that there are many things you cannot buy with
money. 4. Therefore, people owning much money
may also feel unhappy.
5. Many examples can be found to prove that
wealth is not equal to happiness. 6. Take love as a
typical example. 7. People cannot buy love with
money and may feel unhappy without love. 8.
Furthermore, good health, which cannot be
观点论证型模拟题范文(套用模板一)
Wealth and Happiness
bought with money, also plays an important role
in our lives.
9. It goes without saying that people can get
nowhere without money, but can’t get
everywhere with money. 10. Then, what’s the
proper attitude towards wealth? 11. There is no
doubt that we should earn money with honest
work, but not be crazy about money. 12. In
conclusion, happiness consists of love, good
health, wealth, friendship and many other
factors.
观点论证型模拟范文(套用模板二)
Wealth and Happiness
1. It is believe that wealth doesn’t necessarily
mean happiness in today’s world. 2. The truth is
deep and profound. 3. As we know, there are
many things you cannot buy with money. 4.
Consequently, people owning much money may
also feel unhappy.
5. A case in point is love. 6. This is close to
suggest that people cannot buy love with money
and may feel unhappy. 7. It is true that good
health, which cannot be bought with money, also
plays an important role in our lives. 8. In addition,
观点论证型模拟范文(套用模板二)
Wealth and Happiness
knowledge also makes people feel happy.
9. All mentioned above tells us that we should
take a right attitude toward money. 10. As a
matter of fact, everyone can get nowhere
without money, but cannot get everywhere with
money. 11. There is no denying that we should
earn money with honest work, but not be crazy
about money. 12. In short, happiness consists of
love, health, wealth, friendship and many other
factors.
五、应用文
应用文，尤其是信函，也是四级作文涉及的题型之
一。在这类题中，考生将读到一个特定的情景，然
后在理解的基础上，给相关人士写一封短信，并在
信中明确表达自己的原因，目的和愿望等。文章所
涉及的情景大都与日常生活相贴近，只有这样大部
分考生才有话可说。书信 的类型可能千变万化，如
邀请信、申请信、求职信、推荐信、感谢信、道歉
信、批评信、抱怨信等。然而万变不离其宗，只要
掌握了英语书信的基本格式，并运用恰当的语气和
词句，就一定能写出一篇好的书信。
试题类型模版及实例
建议信模板
Date：——
Dear——，
1. I’m delighted to learn that
___. 2. It ___. 3. In my opinion,
___. 4. On the one hand, ___. 5.
On the other hand____.
6. As to ___, I suggest____.
7. If____. 8. It is necessary for
you to ___. 9. In addition , ___.
10. I am sure___.
信息提示
信件启首
1.写信的原因 2.引
出作者的建议 3.表述
建议内容 4.提出建议
的理由一5.建议的理
由二
6.具体到某一方面
的建议内容 7.供被建
议人选择的条件 8.建
议内容的另一方面 9.
其它的建议10.对建议
内容的评价
建议信模板
11. Please inform me ___.
12. I am looking forward to
___.
Sincerely Yours,
Signature
信息提示
11.对建议内容所做的
承诺 12.表达本人的愿
望
信件结尾与签名
批评,抱怨,投诉信模板
Date:_____
Dear______,
1. My name is ___. 2. I
am____. 3. I venture to write a
letter about ___.
4. The focus of the complaint
is ___. 5. For one thing, ____. 6.
For another, ___. 7. Honestly
speaking, ___. 8. But ____. 9.
Besides, ____.
信息提示
信件启首
1.写信人的姓名 2.作
者的身份 3.表述抱怨
内容
4.提出抱怨的核心点
5.抱怨内容的一个方面
6.抱怨内容的另一个方
面7.客观的评价8.抱怨
产生的原因一9.抱怨产
生的原因二
批评,抱怨,投诉信模板
10. All in all, there is still
much room for improvement.
11. I do hope ___. 12. Thank
you for your time and kind
consideration.
Sincerely Yours,
Signature
信息提示
10.总结所抱怨事
情现象有改进空间 11.
表达本人的愿望12.信
件结尾的常用语
信件结尾与签名
日程安排解说词模板
Ladies and Gentlemen/Dear___,
1. Welcome to___. 2. To
begin with, ____. 3. It’s my
pleasure to ___.
4. Now to share the schedule
with you, ___. 5. Please keep in
mind that____. 6. According to
the schedule, ___. 7. In addition,
___.
信息提示
1.向听众表示欢迎
2.做一简要介绍,如自
己的姓名,身份或所代
表的组织 3.说话人与
听众的关系
4.日程的总体安排
5.事项一,如出发时间
6.事项二7.事项三
日程安排解说词模板
8. As a matter of fact,
____. 9. During your visit,
____. 10. There is no doubt
that ____. 11. I hope that
___. 12. Thank you very
much for_____.
信息提示
8.突出重点,如参观
的重点地方或日程的
重点活动 9.具体特点,
如该地方或活动的具
体特点10.进一步阐述
其特点或影响11.向听
众表示良好祝愿12.向
听众致谢
应用文四级真题 (2004年6月)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30
minutes to write a composition entitled A Brief
Introduction to a Tourist Attraction. You should
write at least 120 words according to the
following guidelines:
Your role: a tour guide
Your audience: a group of foreign tourists
Your introduction should include:
1) Some welcome words
2) The schedule for the day
3) A description of the place the tourists will be
visiting (. a scenic spot or a historical site,
etc.)
You should make the introduction interesting and
the arrangements for the day clear to everybody.
日程安排解说词范文
A Brief Introduction to a
Tourist Attraction
Ladies and Gentlemen,
1. Welcome to China and thank
you for your trusting our travel
agency. 2. To begin with, my name is
Lisa. 3. It’s my pleasure to be your
guide.
4. Now to share the schedule with
you, the place we are going to visit is
the Great Wall in Bada Mountain. 5.
Please keep in mind that we’ll set out
at 9:00. 6. According to the schedule,
we will arrive there at 10:00. 7. In
点评
1. 欢迎对方的到
来 2. 首选介绍自
己的姓名3.说话
人是听众的导游
4.日程的总体
安排: 目的地 5.事
项一: 出发时间 6.
事项二：到达时
间和行程方式 7.
事项三：停留时
间和返回时间
日程安排解说词模板
addition, we will stay there for three
hours and come back at about 2:00 in
the afternoon.
8. As a matter of fact, the Great Wall
we will visit is the most complete and
best preserved section. 9. During your
visit, you will see some wonderful
Chinese acrobatics and dragon-lion
performances. 10. There is no doubt that
you will have enough time to watch the
performances and to climb to the wall
and take photos. 11. I hope that you will
enjoy your day. 12. Thank you very
much for your kind attention.
8.突出参观
景点的重要性
9.具体描述景
点的特色10.进
一步阐述在该
景点的活动11.
向听众表示良
好祝愿12.向听
众致谢
道歉信模板
Date:_____
Dear______,
1. I’m excessively sorry to
say/tell you that ___. 2. Now I’m
writing this letter of apology to
show my deep regret. 3. Please
accept my sincere apology with
gratitude. 4. I fear you are
displeased at ____. 5. I hope you
will understand me and excuse
me for ____.
信息提示
信件启首
1.直接表达自己不
能实现先前的愿望或
约定 2.表达歉意 3.诚
恳希望对方能接受道
歉4, 5.表达出自己的
心情,并请求对方原谅
道歉信模板
6. Let me explain. 7. The
reason for my delay/absence
was that ___. 8. I had no way
out because___. 9. Therefore,
it’s not in my power to____.
10. Naturally, I want to
suggest____. 11. I shall be
obliged if you will kindly write
and tell me when and where you
___. 12. We may meet again and
I hope to see you soon.
Sincerely Yours,
Signature
6.过度句,引出道歉
的原因 7.开始介绍道
歉的原因8.表达出自
己当时的处境和情况
9.总结自己道歉的原
因
10.提出建议希望
下次再次实现愿望11.
约定下次的时间和地
点12.再次表达下次见
面的愿望
信件结尾与签名
感谢信模板
Date:_____
Dear______,
1. I’m now writing these few
lines to express my sincere thanks
for ___. 2. I’d like you to know
how much your____meant to me.
3. You have a positive genius
for___. 4. I not only enjoyed____,
but also____. 5. I shall ever
remember____ as one of the most
___ in my life.
信息提示
信件启首
1.直接表达谢意 2.
表达出自己非常珍惜
对方的付出或礼物 3.
对对方一定的赞美4.,
5.表达出对方的情意
对自己的影响
感谢信模板
6. I ___. 7. I hope to have
the opportunity of
reciprocating. 8. Would you
kindly let me know___. 9. I will
feel very honored and pleased if
you have time to____. 10. How
nice it would be to see you
again!
11. I repeat my thanks again
for your ___. 12. Please give my
kind regards to your____.
Yours truly,
Signature
6.介绍自己的近况
7.表达出自己希望有回
报的机会 8.询问对方
是否有时间 9.表达自
己回报的心情 10.提出
希望下次见面的愿望
11.再次表示感谢
12.最后表达真挚的祝
福
信件结尾与签名
求职信模板
Date:_____
Dear______,
1. I’m applying for the position
of ___advertised in____. 2. I
major in___. 3. My training in___,
definitely meet your qualifications.
4. My complete resume is
attached.
5. I will graduate on___
from__. 6. In addition to the
required courses of this program,
I have___. 7. I also have some
experience in___.
信息提示
信件启首
1.开门见山,说明
申请何职位 2.介绍自
己相关的特长,引起
注意 3.强调自己符合
要求,加强印象4.告
知随信附上详细简历
5.详细介绍教育背
景一6.详细介绍教育
背景二7.介绍相关经
历
求职信模板
8. I believe my training and
experience___. 9. You will find
me to be ____.
10. I hope that you will
consider me for your position. 11.
May I have a personal interview
at your convenience? 12. I can be
reached by telephone between
___ and ___.
Sincerely Yours,
Signature
8.表明自信心 9.加强
对方对自己的信心
10.希望被考虑11.
争求面谈机会12.告
知联系方式
信件结尾与签名
求职推荐信模板
Date:_____
Dear______,
1. It affords me much pleasure to
recommend __to you. 2. During this
graduate years he was my___. 3. As
his/her__, I found him/her ___.
4. His performance in the school
years was outstanding. 5. First, he/
she had been ___ and showed great
talents in___. 6. In addition, he/she
has a very pleasant personality. 7.
He/she has a strong sense of___, and
working with him/her is always___.
信息提示
信件启首
1.直接表达自己很
乐意为某人推荐 2.介
绍自己和被推荐人的
关系 3.简单介绍自己
对被推荐人的看法
4.过度句,开始引出
被推荐人的各种优势5.
被推荐人的第一个优
势6.被推荐人人格魅力
和其他优点7.介绍被推
荐人的工作能力
求职推荐信模板
can state that she/he has all the
qualities of being ___.
9. Therefore, I here recommend
him/her to you with all my heart. 10.
I would be graceful if you could accept
him as___. 11. Should you favor
her/him with a position in your
company, I am sure that his/her future
conduct will prove worthy of your
confidence. 12. I look forward to
hearing from you at the earliest possible
moment.
Sincerely Yours,
Signature
8.最后总结自己
对被推荐人的评
价
9.竭力推荐被
推荐人10.希望
对方接受被推荐
人11.给予对方
雇佣被推荐人的
信心12.再次表
达推荐的愿望
信件结尾与签
名
求学申请信模板
Date:_____
Dear Professor___,
1. I have read the annual
prospectus issued by your school
and found that it has the best
graduate program of ____. 2. I
am greatly interested in the
program and hope that I could
do my Doctor/Master degree
under your instruction.
信息提示
信件启首
1.介绍自己获悉对
方学校的信息 2. 表达
自己申请该 校就读的
愿望
3. I am working at the ___
department of ___ University.
4. I have developed my people
skill as well as the abilities in
___. 5. Also, I have learned to
appreciate the spirit of ___ that
is supremely important in my
work. 6. I graduated from ___
majoring in ___. 7. In college I
took such courses as ___. 8. My
English is excellent. 9. I was a
major member of several
campus clubs including ___.
3. 开始介绍自己的
情况 4. 个体介绍自己
的工作能力 5. 进一步
介绍自己其他方面的
能力 6、7、8、9. 介
绍自己在大学所学的
专业和其他课程及特
长
求学申请信模板
10. Two of my former
professors and the present dean of
our department have kindly
written letters of recommendation
for me, as enclosed with this letter.
11. I would be very grateful if
you could send me the necessary
forms and any information about
financial aid in your program. 12.
I look forward to hearing from
you soon.
Sincerely Yours,
Signature
10. 提出自己将获
得教授的推荐，争取
对方学校的信任
11. 再一次发出请
求，并表达自己的感
激之情 12. 结束语
信件结尾与签名
求学申请信模板
求学推荐信模板
Date:_____
Dear______,
1. It affords me much pleasure to
recommend __to you. 2. During this
graduate years he was my___. 3. As
his/her ___, I found him/her ___.
4. His performance in the school
years was outstanding. 5. First, he/
she had been ___ and showed great
talents in___. 6. In addition, he/she
has a very pleasant personality. 7.
He/she has a strong sense of___, and
working with him/her is always___.
信息提示
信件启首
1.直接表达自己很
乐意推荐某人2.介绍
自己和被推荐人的关
系 3.简单介绍自己对
被推荐人的看法
4.过度句,开始引出
被推荐人的各种优势
5.被推荐人的第一个
优势6.被推荐人人格
魅力7.介绍被推荐人
的其他优点
求学推荐信模板
can state that she/he has all the
qualities of being ___.
9. Therefore, I here recommend
him/her to you with all my heart. 10.
I would be graceful if you could accept
him as___. 11. Should you accept
her/him in your university, I am sure
that his/her future academic work will
prove worthy of your confidence. 12. I
look forward to hearing from you at
the earliest possible moment.
Sincerely Yours,
Signature
8.最后总结自己
对被推荐人的评
价
9.竭力推荐被
推荐人10.希望
对方接受被推荐
人11.给予对方
雇佣被推荐人的
信心12.再次表
达推荐的愿望
信件结尾与签
名
邀请信模板
Date:_____
Dear______,
1. 开门见山提出事件(活动)的
地点, 时间 2. It would be
pleasant to have you here. 3. Will
you join us/give me the pleasure
of your company?
4. During the party time/
conference, we will have lots
activities you will be interested in.
5. First, ___. 6. Second, ___. 7. I
know/believe that you will be
very interested ___. 8. First/
信息提示
信件启首
1.开门见山提出事
件(活动)的地点,时间
2.表达邀请愿望 3.正
式发出邀请
4.开始介绍活动内
容 5.介绍要举行的活
动一 6.介绍要举行的
活动二7.引出受邀请
人参加的理由8.受邀
请人被希望参加的理
由一
邀请信模板
For one thing ___. 9. Second/For
another ___. 10. The conference
/the party would not be complete
without you!
11. The conference/the party
will begin at ____. Is it possible
for us to meet at the ___? 12. We
do hope you can come.
Sincerely Yours
Signature
9.受邀请人被希望参
加的理由二 10.总结
被邀请人参加的必要
性
11.提出具体约定
时间表12.再次发出
邀请
信件结尾与签名
竞选演说词模板
Dear______,
1. It is a great honor for me to
stand here and give my speech. 2.
To begin with, let me introduce
myself, my name is___. 3. As
some of you may know, I am___.
4. As for the position of___,
there are some things making me
feel qualified to take the job. 5.
firstly, I ___. 6. Secondly, I ___. 7.
Thirdly, I am good at____.
信息提示
1. 一般的演说开场
白, 表达自己的心情
2. 首先简单介绍自己
3. 进一步介绍自己的
情况
4.开始引出自己竞
选职位所具备的条件
(能力,性格,爱好等)
5. 所具备的条件一
6. 所具备的条件二
7.所具备的条件三
竞选演说词模板
8. Looking into the future, I
will try my best to serve my ___
if I am lucky enough to be the
___. 9. On the one hand, I , with
my co-workers, will___. 10. On
the other hand, I will____. 11. In
addition, I will____.
12. I wish all of you the best
and thank you all for listening.
Thank you!
8. 表达出如果自
己当选会做些什么
9. 承诺一 10. 承诺二
11. 承诺三
12.演说结束用语
应用文四级真题(2005年1月)
Directions: For this part you are allowed
30 minutes to write a campaign speech in
support of your election to the post of
chairman of the student union. You
should write at least 120 words following
the outline given below in Chinese:
1. 你认为自己具备了什么条件(能力、性格、
爱好等)可以胜任学生会主席的工作
2. 如果当选，你将为本校同学做些什么
竞选演说词范文
A Campaign Speech
Dear fellow students,
1. It is a great honor for me to
stand here and give my speech. 2.
To begin with, let me introduce
myself, my name is Huck, a junior
from the English Department. 3.
As some of you may know, I am
the monitor of Class 4, Grade
Two.
4. As for the position of
president of the students’ union,
there are some things making me
feel qualified to take the job.
点评
1. 一般的演说开
场白, 表达自己的心
情 2. 首先简单介绍
自己 3. 进一步介绍
自己的情况,介绍自
己目前的职位。
4.开始引出自己
竞选职位所具备的
条件(能力,性格,爱
好等)
竞选演说词信范文
5. Firstly, I have gained a lot of
experience and received wide praise
from my classmates for my job as
monitor. 6. Secondly, I am a warm-
hearted boy and always ready to help
others, quick to react to the needs of
my fellow students. 7. Thirdly, I am
good at organizing activities and have
held a number of English corners
and discussions.
8. Looking into the future, I will try
my best to serve my fellow students if
I am lucky enough to be the
president of the students’ union.
5. 所具备的条件
一：具备丰富的
工作经验 6. 所具
备的条件二 ：介
绍自己的性格魅
力，乐于助人
7.所具备的条件
三：介绍自己的
工作能力，善于
组织各种活动。
8. 表达出如果
自己当选会做些
什么，对未来的
展望
竞选演说词范文
9. On the one hand, I , with my co-
workers, will invite more famous
professors to give lectures for our
students and we can learn a lot of
knowledge. 10. On the other hand, I
will organize more activities for our
students and enhance understanding
of and cooperation with of each other.
11. In addition, I will open more
channels for our students to voice
their opinions and their needs.
12. I wish all of you the best and
thank you all for listening. Thank you!
9. 承诺一 10.
承诺二 11. 承
诺三
12. 演说结束用
语
2006年6月作文
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 mi
nutes to write a poster recruiting volunteers. Y
ou should write at Least 120 words following th
e outline given below:
1．校学生会将组织一次暑假志愿者活动，现
招募志愿者
2．本次志愿者活动的目的、活动安排等
3．报名条件及联系方式
这次作文仍然是近几年常考的应用文体，但主体仍
是考查说明文。
海报可以使用口语体。格式方面，海报不需要书信
一样必须有称谓部分，但通常需要落款。
Volunteers Needed
We’re writing this letter to recruit volunteers
on summer vocation. And we do hope more
students are willing to join us and enjoy this
activity joyfully during the following month.
It is necessary for us to show our plans and
arrangements to you. Our plan is to set off next
weekend, when the summer vacation officially
begins. And our purpose is to serve the Olympic
Games. The first stop is Nanjing, the world-
renowned city for its beauty and mild
temperature. We’ll get there by train and stay
there for 2 days, and then we’ll head for
Shanghai.
After a 3-day stay there, we will give the
coaches there a hand so that the game can be
held smoothly. As everybody knows, Shanghai
is the busiest city in this game, where we will
undertake a lot of work, so the stay there will
be about half a week. All together, our trip will
last about three weeks.
Those interested please contact me either
through email (xxx@) or phone call
(12345678).
We are waiting for you sincerely.
Students’ Association
June 17, 2006
Volunteers Needed
You guys must have been tremendously
tortured by the endless exams, undoubtedly
longing for a relaxing summer vacation. Have
you ever considered spending a meaningful
summer instead of idling it away as usual? Now
you have a chance!
The students’ Association is currently
recruiting volunteers for an activity ---
Harmonious Community, aiming at broadening
our vision and helping us explore the essence
of harmony. This theme will be highlighted
through a series of social work to be initiated in
the neighborhood.
At the outset, we volunteers are going to visit
the Special Education Center and specifically,
with assigned tasks like teaching and so on.
Afterwards, we are going to take care of the
seniors at the Home for the Aged. Then we will
take part in the public activities in the
community.
Anyone who is enthusiastic and willing to
dedicate your time to this activity is welcome. If
interested, please sign up at the students’
Association. Or you may email us at
recruit@.
Looking forward to your participation!
Students’ Association
2007年6月英语四级考试真题
Part I Writing (30 minutes)
注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30
minutes to write a short essay on the topic of
Welcome to our club. You should write at least
120 words following the outline given bellow:
欢迎辞，欢迎加入俱乐部。
标题：Welcome to our club
书写提纲：
1. 表达你的欢迎；
2. 对你们俱乐部作一个简要介绍。
(说明：本题为欢迎辞，开头可参照“日程安排解说
辞的模板”，并根据需要作一定修改。)
Ladies and Gentlemen,
Welcome to English club! To begin with, my
name is Lisa and I am looking forward to
seeing you for long. It’s my pleasure for me to
express the most heartfelt welcome to all of
you on behalf of our Club.
Now I would like to briefly introduce my club to
you since I want to leave the most wonderful
for you to discover. Our club, organizing
various activities regularly catering for the
needs of participants, is well-known among
many English learners. If you want to meet
native English speakers, please join us. If
you want to speak English not only
accurately but also fluently, please join us. If
you want to discover the most attractive
aspects in English, please join us. I do hope
that you will enjoy your journey of English
study with us. If you want to join the club,
you can file a written application to our staff
office or email us via bonoo@.
The deadline for entries is Sept. 25th. Come
on, join us now! Thank you!
2007年12月大学英语四级真题
Part I Writing (30 minutes)
What electives to choose
1. 各大学开设了各种各样的选修课
2. 学生因为各种原因选择了不同的选修课
3. 以你自己为例……
（说明：本试题属于说明性的文章，不属于
问题解决型。无具体模板特套用。）
参考答案：
What electives to choose
Nowadays, more and more universities are
opening more opportunities for their students to
choose from various optional courses in their
spare time. This is, in fact, not a new
phenomenon, but presently, it is of different
implications to the students who want to or need
to improve themselves.
There can be a great many different reasons for
students to choose their optional courses. For
example, some of them may choose some courses
on practical skills so that it will be more likely for
them to get a good job after their graduation,
because nowadays companies are placing
emphasis on a candidate’s working
experience. However, some others may
choose to learn some courses, like literature,
philosophy, etc., to broaden their view and find
a different way of looking at things. And still
some others may choose the electives just in
that they are interested in the courses.
Personally, I prefer to choose courses which
can enrich my knowledge of science and
society, and even of ourselves a shuman
beings; whether the courses can be of any
practical uses does not make any big
difference to me, beacause I think to learn is an
interesting thi
