ꆡꆡꆡꆡ쪧튵싊뚨틥뗄맺볊뇈뷏벰훐맺돇헲쪧튵싊헅뎵캰3ꆡꆡ쓚죝쳡튪ꆡ놾컄틔맺볊샍릤ퟩ횯폐맘뇪ힼ캪틀뻝,뇈뷏쇋쫀뷧훷튪랢듯맺볒뫍맺볊ퟩ횯맘폚쪧튵싊뗄뚨틥,첽쳖쇋쪧튵싊뗄몬틥뫍닢뛈쪧튵뗄삧쓑,쳖싛쇋훐맺뗄쪧튵춳볆뫍돇헲쪧튵싊ꆣ룹뻝뗚컥듎죋뿚웕닩쇏,2000쓪훐맺돇헲쪧튵싊룟듯%ꆣ본폚훐맺쒿잰죔좻좱랦튻룶뿉폃폚맺볊뇈뷏뗄뗷닩쪧튵싊,컄헂퓚ퟮ뫳럖컶쇋헢튻웕닩쪧튵싊쫽ퟖ쫇럱룟맀믲뗍맀쇋훐맺돇헲헦쪵뗄쪧튵쮮욽ꆣ맘볼듊ꆡ쪧튵싊ꆡ샍뚯닎폫ꆡ샍뚯솦쫐뎡싊듯10%,틢듳샻쪧튵싊룟듯%ꆣ떫뇘탫횸튻ꆢ잰퇔돶뗄쫇,헢킩맺볒뗄쪧튵싊뚼쫇춨맽돩퇹뗷닩뗃떽뗄,쫇튻훖뗷닩쪧튵싊,웤맘폚쪧튵뗄뚨틥퇏룱훐맺쒿잰듦퓚ퟅ럇뎣퇏훘뗄돇헲쪧튵컊쳢ꆣퟱ톭맺볊짏춨탐뗄쪧튵뇪ힼꆣ뛸훐맺뗄쪧튵싊쫇1998쓪틔살,좫맺샛볆맺폐웳튵쿂룚횰릤뷼2700춨맽샍뚯늿쏅뷸탐뗄쪧튵뗇볇뗃떽뗄,쫇튻훖뗇췲죋,맺폐웳튵듓튵죋풱듓7100췲복짙떽5000볇쪧튵싊,쯼쪵볊짏뫜쓑랴펳훐맺헦쪵뗄쪧튵쮮췲ꆣ뺡맜폐뫜뛠웳튵쿂룚죋풱쪵쿖쇋퓙뻍튵,떫풽욽ꆣ살풽뛠뗄쿂룚죋풱컞램쪵쿖퓙뻍튵ꆣ죧뫎삩듳뻍튪훆뚨탐횮폐킧뗄삩듳뻍튵뫍펦뛔쪧튵뛔튵뫍듙뷸퓙뻍튵틑뺭돉캪맘쾵훐맺룄룯랢햹컈뚨닟,뻍뇘탫뛔뻍튵뫍쪧튵뗄쿖ힴ폐헽좷뗄쇋뷢ꆣ헢듳뻖ꆢ맘쾵죋쏱짺믮쮮욽쳡룟뫍맘쾵맺볒뎤훎뻃뻍튪쟳컒쏇쇋뷢훐맺쒿잰돇헲뗄헦쪵쪧튵쮮욽ꆣ낲뗄훘듳쿖쪵컊쳢ꆣ붭퓳쏱춬횾퓚쪮쇹듳놨룦훐틲듋,뺡뿬뷸탐맦랶뗄쪧튵싊뗷닩늢랢늼튻룶뫍쏷좷쳡돶ꆰ뻍튵쫇쏱짺횮놾ꆱ,쮵쏷죕틦퇏훘뗄돇맺볊뷓맬뗄쪧튵싊쫽ퟖ,틑뺭돉캪훐맺훆뚨폐킧헲쪧튵컊쳢틑뺭틽웰떳뫍맺볒뗄룟뛈훘쫓ꆣ뗄샍뚯뻍튵헾닟뫍뷸탐뫪맛뺭볃뗷뿘뗄떱컱횮좻뛸,훐맺쒿잰뗄돇헲쪧튵쿖쿳떽뗗폐뛠쎴벱ꆣ본폚듋,놾컄쾣췻춨맽뛔맺볊짏춨탐뗄쪧튵뚨퇏훘,좴쫇튻룶쎻폐죋쮵뗃쟥돾뗄컊쳢ꆣ헢훷튪쫇틥(맺볊샍릤ퟩ횯뗄뚨틥)뗄쳖싛뫍뛔쫀뷧훷튪랢틲캪훐맺좱랦튻룶뫍맺볊뷓맬뗄쪧튵싊춳볆쫽듯맺볒뫍맺볊ퟩ횯퓚뚨틥쪧튵짏뗄닮틬뗄럖컶,ퟖꆣ훐맺맙랽릫늼뗄캩튻뗄쪧튵싊쫽ퟖ캪뗇볇쪧캪훐맺뷱뫳뿉쓜뷸탐뗄쪧튵싊뗷닩뫍춳볆쳡릩뷨튵싊ꆣ룹뻝샍뚯뫍짧믡놣헏늿뗄ퟮ탂춳볆,뷘횹떽2002쓪뗗,훐맺돇헲뗇볇쪧튵싊듳풼횻폐4%ꆣ폫튻킩랢듯맺볒쿠뇈ꆡꆡ3헅뎵캰:훐맺짧믡뿆톧풺죋뿚폫샍뚯뺭볃퇐뺿쯹ꆡ놱뺩붨,헢튻뗇볇쪧튵싊쿔좻늻쫇뫜맺쏅쓚듳뷖5뫅ꆡ100732ꆡ뗧뮰:65137744-5429ꆡ뗧ퟓ탅쿤:룟ꆣ샽죧,2000쓪,뗂맺쪧튵싊캪%,램맺쪧튵zhangjw@ꆣ쫀뷧뺭볃3ꆡ2003쓪뗚5웚ꆡꆤ47ꆤ' 1995-2005 Tsinghua Tongfang Optical Disc Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
ꆡꆡ쪧튵싊뚨틥뗄맺볊뇈뷏벰훐맺돇헲쪧튵싊본ꆣ놾컄틔쿂뗄낲업죧쿂:쫗쿈볲튪뷩짜맺볊짏춨탐뗄쪧튵뚨틥,웤듎뇈뷏쫀뷧훷튪랢듯맺볒뫍맺볊ퟩ횯쪧튵싊뚨틥뗄닮뇰,좻뫳훘뗣쳖싛쪧튵싊뗄몬틥뫍닢뛈쪧튵뗄삧쓑,ퟮ뫳퓚뷩짜훐맺뻍튵뫍쪧튵춳볆훆뛈뗄믹뒡짏,쳖싛훐맺뗄돇헲쪧튵싊떽뗗폐뛠룟ꆣ뛾ꆢ죧뫎뚨틥쪧튵쪧튵뛔폚듳뛠쫽죋살쮵쯆뫵쫇튻룶럇뎣볲떥춼1ꆡ맺볊샍뚯ퟩ횯뛔죋뿚믮뚯ힴ첬뗄럖샠뗄룅쓮,죎뫎죋쎻폐릤ퟷ뻍틢캶ퟅ쪧튵ꆣ떫쫇,튪ힼ좷뚨틥쪧튵늢럇틗쫂ꆣ샽죧룹뻝ILO췆볶뗄쪧튵뇪ힼ,튻룶쪧튵헟뇘탫,튻룶쇬좡췋택뷰뗄샏죋뒦폚쪧튵ힴ첬싰?튻룶뎤웚뮼늡쟒늻쓜릤ퟷ뻟놸헢퇹죽룶쳵볾:튻쫇쎻폐릤ퟷ;뛾쫇쓜릻떽뗄죋쯣쪧튵헟싰?튻룶횻퓚쎿룶탇웚릤ퟷ죽킡쪱룚;죽쫇믽벫톰헒릤ퟷꆣ뛔폚뗚튻룶쳵볾,쫀뷧룷쟒헽톰헒좫죕훆릤ퟷ뗄죋쯣쪧튵싰?뿉볻맺듳뚼닉폃ꆰ퓚맽좥뗄튻훜훐쫇럱듓쫂튻룶킡쪱,쪧튵쿱탭뛠웤쯻짧믡쿖쿳튻퇹틔짏폐쫕죫뗄릤ퟷꆱퟷ캪쟸럖뇪ힼꆣ뛔폚뗚뛾뫍뗚,뿉틔폐뫜뛠늻춬뗄뚨틥ꆣ쫂쪵짏죽룶쳵볾,쯤좻쯹폐뗄맺볒뚼춬틢쪧튵헟뇘탫쓜,뫜쓑헒떽튻룶쓜춬쪱싺ퟣ늻춬럖컶쒿뗄뗄쪧튵뚨틥ꆣ캪쇋맺볊뇈뷏뗄랽뇣릻떽룚쟒믽벫톰헒릤ퟷ,떫쎿룶맺볒퓚횴탐헢솽,맺볊샍릤ퟩ횯(ILO)캪뚨틥뫍닢뛈쪧튵훆뚨쇋튻킩뇪ힼ늢췆볶룶뇪ힼ쪱듦퓚뫜듳닮틬ꆣ춬쪱,퓚튻킩뻟쳥뗄춳볆룸쫀뷧룷맺ꆣ쒿잰닙ퟷ훐,늻춬뗄맺볒튪쎴뛔,얷쏋맺볒ꆢ뺭볃뫏ퟷ뫍랢햹ퟩILO뚨틥폐늻춬뗄뷢횯(OECD)맺볒틔벰쫀뷧짏뫜뛠웤쯻맺볒쫍,튪쎴룹놾늻ퟱ톭,퓚뛈ILO뗄뚨틥ꆣ샽죧,퓚뛔듽솿쪧튵쪱뚼ퟱ톭ILO췆볶뗄쪧튵뚨틥ꆣꆰ톧짺ꆱꆰ퓝쪱쿂룚죋풱ꆱꆰ헽퓚뗈듽뾪쪼탂릤ퟷ뗄룹뻝ILO뗄뇪ힼ,퓚튻뚨쓪쇤랶캧쓚뗄죋뿉죋ꆱꆰ늻좡놨돪뗄볒컱샍뚯헟ꆱ뗈컊쳢짏,쫀뷧룷맺틔놻맩죫헢퇹죽훖ힴ첬횮튻:뻍튵헟ꆢ쪧튵헟뫍럇듦퓚뫜듳뗄닮틬ꆣ듋췢,퓚쪧튵춳볆훐뛔쫇럱펦룃뺭볃믮뚯죋뿚(닎볻춼1)ꆣ쯹캽뻍튵헟쫇횸쓇킩폐튻룶쓪쇤뷧쿞뫍쫇럱냼삨뻼죋컊쳢,쫀뷧룷맺퓚맽좥튻훜훐듓쫂쇋훁짙튻룶킡쪱폐쫕죫뗄릤ퟷ튲듦퓚ퟅ닮틬ꆣ믲헟퓝쪱샫뾪쇋릤ퟷ룚캻(샽죧택볙)뗄죋;쪧튵헟퓲쫇횸쓇킩늻릤ퟷꆢ믽벫톰헒릤ퟷ쟒쓜릻솢벴죽ꆢ쪧튵싊뚨틥뗄맺볊뇈뷏릤ퟷ(떽룚)뗄죋;뛸럇뺭볃믮뚯죋뿚쫇쓇킩늻릤ퟷ뛸폖늻쓜싺ퟣILO쪧튵뇪ힼ뗄죋ꆣ평폚튻룶죋본폚뛔ILO췆볶뇪ힼ뗄뻟쳥뒦샭짏듦퓚닮퓚맽좥뗄튻훜훐횻튪듓쫂쇋뎬맽튻룶킡쪱폐쫕죫틬,쫀뷧룷맺뗄쪧튵싊뚨틥쯤좻퓚풭퓲짏쫇튻훂뗄릤ퟷ뻍놻뚨틥캪뻍튵헟,쯹틔,ILO뗄쪧튵뚨틥뗄,떫웤닮틬튲럇뎣쏷쿔ꆣ헽쫇헢킩닮틬쪹뗃늻춬쫇튻룶ꆰ잨뻍ꆱ뻍튵뗄뇪ힼꆣ맺볒쪧튵싊뗄쿠뮥뇈뷏듦퓚삧쓑ꆣ샽죧,얷훞솪쏋퇏룱뗘쮵,ILO쯹쳡릩뗄늢늻쫇ힼ좷뗄쪧튵춳볆냬릫쫒(EUROSTAT)퓚ILO뇪ힼ뗄믹뒡뚨틥,뛸쫇뛈솿쪧튵뗄튻킩닎뾼뇪ힼꆣ틲캪튪헕맋짏,캪얷쏋룷맺춳볆쪧튵싊훆뚨쇋튻룶쪵쪩뗄뇪떽늻춬맺볒뗄쟩뿶뫍랢햹쮮욽,쯼늻뗃늻퓚쒳킩ힼ,쏀맺뫍볓쓃듳튲뚼췆돶쇋ퟔ벺뗄쪧튵뇪ힼꆣ뇭랽쏦몬뫽늻쟥믲헟퓊탭쇩믮뒦샭ꆣ틲듋,쫀뷧룷맺1뇈뷏쇋ILO쪧튵뇪ힼ폫얷쏋ꆢ쏀맺뫍볓쓃듳쪧퓚쪹폃헢킩쪧튵뇪ힼ쪱뚼믡룹뻝놾맺뗄쟩뿶뛸뻟튵뇪ힼ뗄닮뇰ꆣ듓뇭훐뿉틔뾴돶,얷쏋ꆢ쏀맺뫍볓쳥뮯,듓뛸탎돉뻟폐놾맺쳘즫뗄쪧튵뚨틥ꆣ쓃듳뛔쪧튵뗄뚨틥뚼믲뛠믲짙욫샫쇋ILO뗄쪧튵뇪ힼꆣ뻟쳥살쮵,웤닮틬훷튪쳥쿖퓚솽룶랽쏦:쫀뷧뺭볃3ꆡ2003쓪뗚5웚ꆡꆤ48ꆤ' 1995-2005 Tsinghua Tongfang Optical Disc Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
헅뎵캰ꆡꆡ뗚튻쫇죧뫎볆쯣쪧튵싊뗄럖쒸ꆣILO뗄뇪ힼ1994쓪횮뫳퓲맦뚨헢늿럖죋퓚맽좥뗄쯄훜훐믽붨틩,ퟷ캪럖쒸뗄샍뚯솦죋뿚펦룃폐튻룶쓪쇤쿂벫톰헒맽릤ퟷ닅놻쯣돉쪧튵헟,럱퓲놻쫓캪럇뺭쿞,떫늢쎻폐횸쏷헢튻쿂쿞쓪쇤쫇뛠짙쯪ꆣ쏀맺톡볃믮뚯죋뿚ꆣ퓱16쯪ퟷ캪쿂쿞,뛸볓쓃듳뫍얷쏋퓲톡퓱15쯪룹뻝ILO뗄뇪ힼ,죧맻ꆰ퓝쪱쿂룚죋풱ꆱ뫍풭ퟷ캪쿂쿞ꆣILO뇪ힼ붨틩쯹폐뗄뻼죋뚼펦룃놻쫓릤ퟷ폐ퟅ뫜잿뗄뢽ퟅ맘쾵(죧죔좻쇬좡늿럖릤캪폐쫕죫뗄맍풱뛸놻냼삨퓚럖쒸횮훐ꆣ쏀맺뫍볓믲헟폐쏷좷뗄헙믘죕웚),퓲펦룃놻쫓캪퓚튵헟;쓃듳늻냑뻼죋냼삨퓚쓚,뛸얷쏋퓲냑뻓힡퓚볒춥죧맻뫍풭릤ퟷ폐ퟅ죵뗄뢽ퟅ맘쾵,퓲펦놻쫓캪쪧뮧훐뗄횰튵뻼죋냼삨퓚쓚ꆣILO뇪ힼ붨틩쯹폐늻튵헟ꆣ퓚뫳튻훖쟩뿶쿂,ꆰ쫇럱헒릤ퟷꆱ늻쫇쪧튵뗄볆놨돪뗄볒컱샍뚯헟뚼펦룃놻냼삨퓚럖쒸훐(놻뇘튪쳵볾,떫튪쟳ꆰ쓜릻떽룚ꆱꆣ얷쏋뗄뇪ힼ죏캪,쫓캪뻍튵),뛸늻튪쟳폐튻룶ퟮ뗍릤ퟷ쪱볤ꆣ쏀맺ꆰ퓝쪱쿂룚헟ꆱ뇘탫뻟놸ꆰ헒릤ퟷꆱ뫍ꆰ쓜릻떽룚ꆱ솽뷶뷶냑쓇킩퓚뗷닩훜쓚릤ퟷ뎬맽15룶킡쪱뗄늻룶쳵볾닅쯣쪧튵헟,럱퓲,헢킩죋펦룃놻쫓캪췋돶볆놨돪뗄볒컱샍뚯헟냼삨퓚쓚,뛸볓쓃듳뫍얷쏋샍뚯솦쫐뎡헟ꆣ떫얷쏋냑샠쯆폚ꆰ퓝쪱쿂룚ꆱ뗄ꆰ벾퓲췪좫ퟱ헕ILO뗄뇪ힼꆣ뷚탔믲헟틲뺭볃풭틲뗄킪튵헟ꆱ쫓캪퓚튵헟,쏀맺뗚뛾룶쫇쪧튵헟뗄뷧뚨ꆣILO뗄뇪ힼ죏캪쪧뫍볓쓃듳퓲냑ꆰ퓝쪱쿂룚죋풱ꆱ쫓캪쪧튵헟,뛸늻튵뗄죋펦룃믽벫톰헒릤ퟷ,쟒톰헒릤ퟷ뗄탐캪펦튪쟳쯻쏇폐헒릤ퟷ뗄뺭샺ꆣ1994쓪횮뫳,쏀맺뗄룃쫇뿉틔볬퇩뗄ꆣILO쫓틔쿂탐캪캪믽벫톰헒릤뚨틥퓲탨튪헢늿럖죋뻟놸ꆰ퓚캴살쇹룶퓂쓚놻헙ퟷ:(1)퓚뻍튵믲헟횰튵뷩짜늿쏅뗇볇;(2)쿲맍훷믘ꆱ뗄쳵볾,믲헟뻟놸ꆰ맍훷룸돶쇋쏷좷뗄놻헙믘짪쟫릤ퟷ;(3)떽릤ퟷ뎡쯹톰헒릤ퟷ;(4)톰헒믲헟죕웚ꆱ헢튻쳵볾,닅쓜놻쫓캪쪧튵헟;볓쓃듳뗄뚨펦울놨횽헐울맣룦;(5)톰쟳쟗웝믲엳폑뗄냯훺;틥탨튪헢늿럖죋뻟놸ꆰ퓚캴살뗄튻쓪훐폐쏷좷뗄(6)캪ퟔ벺뒴튵톰헒뗘욤ꆢ뎧랿짨놸뗈;(7)짪쟫뫍놻헙믘죕웚ꆱ헢튻쳵볾,닅뿉놻볆쯣캪쪧튵헟ꆣ뻍튵폐맘뗄횴헕뗈;(8)웤쯻튻킩쟩뿶ꆣ듳뛠쫽맺ILO뗄뇪ힼ죏캪,쪧튵헟펦룃쓜릻퓚튻뚨뗄볒뛔헒릤ퟷ뗄닎뾼쪱볤캪쯄훜벸뫵늻돖틬틩,떫쪱볤뛎쓚쓜릻떽룚,떫쎻폐횸돶닎뾼뗄쪱볤뛎쫇뛔ꆰ믽벫톰헒릤ퟷꆱ뗄샭뷢폐쯹늻춬ꆣ쏀맺냑헒릤뛠뎤,튲쎻폐횸쏷뻟쳥뗄샽췢쟩뿶ꆣ쏀맺뫍볓쓃듳ퟷ럖캪ꆰ훷뚯헒릤ퟷꆱ뫍ꆰ놻뚯헒릤ퟷꆱ,늢냑놻뚯냑ꆰ쓜릻떽룚ꆱ뷢쫍캪퓚횸뚨뗄닎뾼훜쓚(튻훜)쓜헒릤ퟷ뗄죋업돽퓚쪧튵죋풱횮췢ꆣ쯹캽훷뚯헒릤릻떽룚,뛸얷쏋퓲냑쯼뷢쫍캪뗷닩뫳뗄캴살솽훜ퟷ쫇횸쓇킩쓜릻횱뷓떼훂뗃떽릤ퟷ믺믡뛸늻틀삵쓚쓜릻떽룚ꆣ볓쓃듳냑틲ꆰ짺늡ꆱꆰ볒춥뫍룶죋쫂뫳탸탐뚯뗄헒릤ퟷ탐캪ꆣ내헕헢퇹뗄뇪ힼ,ꆰ톰헒컱ꆱ틔벰ꆰ뛈볙ꆱ뗈풭틲퓬돉뗄ꆰ늻쓜릻떽룚ꆱ쫓캪믲헟펦울놨횽맣룦ꆱꆰ쟗ퟔ떽릤ퟷ뎡쯹톰헒릤ퟷꆱ샽췢쟩뿶,쏀맺퓊탭뗄샽췢쟩뿶뷶뷶쫇ꆰ짺늡ꆱ뫍ꆰ듲뗧뮰톯컊뫍뗝쯍릤ퟷ짪쟫ꆱ뗈뚼쫴폚믽벫톰헒ꆰ뗈듽뾪쪼튻럝탂뗄릤ퟷꆱꆣ릤ퟷ;뛸횻퓚볒샯퓄뛁헐울맣룦뗄탐캪퓲놻쫓캪ILO뗄뇪ힼ붨틩,죧맻톧짺싺ퟣ쇋쪧튵헟뗄놻뚯헒릤ퟷꆣ볓쓃듳뫍얷쏋뛔쪧튵헟뗄뷧뚨쎻폐쯹폐쳵볾뻍펦룃놻쫓캪쪧튵헟,뛸늻펦룃놻ퟷ캪ꆰ훷뚯헒릤ퟷꆱ뫍ꆰ놻뚯헒릤ퟷꆱ횮럖,쯹폐헒릤ퟷ튻룶쳘쫢좺쳥뛔듽ꆣ볓쓃듳냑톧짺ퟷ캪샍뚯솦죋뗄죋뚼놻쫓캪쪧튵헟ꆣ뿚훐뗄쳘쫢좺쳥뛔듽,퓚헢샯,톰쟳좫죕훆릤ퟷ뗄ILO뗄뇪ힼ맦뚨,쓇킩ꆰ헽ힼ놸뾪쪼튻럝탂릤좫죕훆톧짺늻쯣쪧튵,틲캪헢킩죋벴쪹짹돆쓜릻ퟷ뗄죋ꆱ컞싛퓚맽좥뗄쯄훜훐쫇럱헒릤ퟷ,뚼펦룃떽룚,떫쯻쏇쫂쪵짏쫇ꆰ늻쓜릻떽룚ꆱ뗄ꆣ퓚쏀맺,놻쫓캪쪧튵헟ꆣ얷쏋뫍볓쓃듳췪좫ퟱ헕ILO뗄헢톰쟳릤ퟷ뗄톧짺횻튪짹돆ꆰ쓜릻떽룚ꆱ,뻍놻쫓캪튻뇪ힼ;쏀맺1994쓪횮잰튲ퟱ헕ILO뗄뇪ힼ,떫쪧튵헟ꆣ얷쏋퓲췪좫ퟱ톭ILO뗄뇪ힼꆣ쫀뷧뺭볃3ꆡ2003쓪뗚5웚ꆡꆤ49ꆤ' 1995-2005 Tsinghua Tongfang Optical Disc Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
ꆡꆡ쪧튵싊뚨틥뗄맺볊뇈뷏벰훐맺돇헲쪧튵싊ꆡꆡ뇭1맘폚쪧튵뚨틥뗄맺볊뛔뇈쓚죝ILO쏀맺(1982쓪횮뫳)(1994쓪횮뫳볓쓃듳)(1997쓪횮뫳얷쏋)(1992쓪횮뫳)볆쯣쪧튵싊뗄럖쒸ꆡ쓪쇤쿞훆쎻폐횸쏷16쯪틔짏15쯪틔짏15쯪틔짏ꆡ릫쏱뮹쫇좫쳥죋뿚좫쳥죋뿚릫쏱릫쏱냼삨횰튵뻼죋ꆡ릤ퟷ쪱볤늻ퟣ15킡쪱뗄늻쇬퓚튵늻퓚샍뚯솦쫐뎡;잱퓚튵퓚튵ꆡ좡놨돪뗄볒컱샍뚯헟퓚쪧튵헟쪧튵헟헒릤ퟷ뗄튪쟳ꆡ헒릤ퟷ뗄닎뾼쪱볤뛎횸쪱볤쏷ퟮ뷼튻뛎쯄훜쯄훜쯄훜ꆡ횻춨맽뛁놨횽맣룦헒릤ퟷ헟늻냼삨늻냼삨냼삨냼삨ꆡ헽퓚뗈듽탂릤ퟷ헟늻탨튪헒릤ퟷ탨튪헒릤ퟷ뗄쳵볾늻탨튪헒릤ퟷ뗄쳵늻탨튪헒릤ퟷ뗄쳵볾볾쓚;뾪릤쪼ퟷ뇘탫퓚쯄훜뗄쳵볾ꆡ퓝쪱쿂룚헟헒탫쳵릤볾ퟷ늻쫇뇘늻볾탨튪헒릤ퟷ뗄쳵늻볾탨튪헒릤ퟷ뗄쳵탨쳵볾튪헒릤ퟷ뗄쓜럱떽룚뗄튪쟳ꆡ쪲쎴쪱볤쓜릻떽룚쎻폐횸쏷퓚닎뾼훜쓚퓚닎뾼훜쓚퓚뗷닩뗄솽훜쓚ꆡ쫇럱톯컊쓜럱떽룚뗄컊쳢쫇쫇쫇쫇ꆡ쓜릻떽룚뗄샽췢쟩뿶쎻폐횸쏷ꆰ뾪퓝쪼쪱탂짺릤늡ퟷꆱꆱ뫍ꆰ뗈듽ꆰ볒퓝춥쪱쫂짺컱늡ꆱꆱꆰ룶죋믲벰ꆰ뗈듽뾪ꆰ볙웚ꆱ틔쎻폐튻킩뻟ퟷꆱ쪼탂릤쳥쟩뿶뗄뒦샭ꆡ퓝쪱쿂룚헟뢽ퟅ헽쪽릤ퟷ죧맻쓜퓚쇹룶퓂쓚죧맻쓜퓚튻쓪쓚놻퓚맽좥쯄훜쓚쯣헽뻍쪽튵릤;ퟷ늻쟒뢽ퟅ놻릻떽룚쯣쓜돶헙쏷믘좷믲뗄헟헙맍믘훷룸헙쪧튵믘늢쓜릻떽룚쯣믽늻탨쪧튵,뗄쳵볾,늻탨튪헒릤ퟷ쓜벫릻헒릤ퟷ,쟒튪헒릤ퟷ놻튪죏헒캪릤쫇ퟷ쪧뗄튵죕웚쳵,볾늻탨떽,떫쫇쪧룚퓚튵닅솽놻훜죏쓚캪;럱퓲놻뗄쳵볾뇘탫쓜릻떽룚죏믮뚯캪죋쫇뿚럇뺭볃ꆡ헒릤ퟷ쟒쓜릻떽룚뗄톧짺쪧튵쪧튵늻퓚샍뚯솦쫐뎡쪧튵ꆡ릤늢쓜ퟷ릻늻떽ퟣ룚1뗄5룶볒킡컱샍쪱ꆢ뚯헒헟릤ퟷ퓚튵쪧튵퓚튵퓚튵ꆡꆡ쇏살풴:Sorrentino(2000)ꆣꆡꆡILO뗄뇪ힼ늻냑ꆰ늻볆놨돪뗄볒컱샍뚯헟ꆱ쫓퓚쇭췢튻킩랽쏦퓬돉뛔쪧튵싊뗄뗍맀ꆣ캪쪧튵헟,뛸쫇붫웤쫓캪퓚튵헟ꆣ볓쓃듳뫍얷쏋췪샽죧,퓚쏀맺,볆쯣쪧튵싊럖쒸뗄쓪쇤쿂쿞캪좫ퟱ헕ILO뗄뇪ힼꆣ쏀맺퓲냑쎿훜릤ퟷ쪱볤짙폚16쯪,뛸얷쏋뫍볓쓃듳캪15쯪ꆣ평폚15쯪뗄쓪15룶킡쪱뗄늻볆돪볒컱샍뚯헟업돽퓚뻍튵죋뿚쇤뛎(15-19쯪)튻냣뻟폐뇈웤쯻쓪쇤뛎뷏룟뗄횮췢,뛸쯻쏇쫇럱놻쯣캪쪧튵헟퓲튪쫓ꆰ쓜럱떽쪧튵싊,틲듋,뻍헢튻닮틬살쮵,쏀맺뗄쪧튵싊뚨룚ꆱ뫍ꆰ쫇럱톰헒릤ퟷꆱ뛸뚨ꆣ틥믡퓬돉뛔쪧튵싊뗄뗍맀ꆣ퓙죧,퓚쏀맺뗄쪧튵싊ퟛ짏쯹쫶,쯤좻ILO뻍죧뫎뚨틥쪧튵싊췆볶뚨틥훐,에뛏쪧튵쪱폐ꆰ훷뚯헒릤ퟷꆱ뫍ꆰ놻뚯헒릤쇋폐맘뇪ힼ,떫평폚뛔뻟쳥쟩뿶뗄뒦샭늻춬,룷맺ퟷꆱ횮럖,ꆰ놻뚯헒릤ퟷ뗄죋ꆱ늻놻쫓캪쪧튵헟;뛸뗄쪧튵뚨틥쫂쪵짏듦퓚ퟅ뫜듳뗄닮틬ꆣ죧맻틔쒳볓쓃듳뫍얷쏋뗄뇪ힼ퓲쎻폐헒릤ퟷ뗄ꆰ훷뚯ꆱ뫍튻룶맺볒뗄쪧튵싊뚨틥캪뇪ힼ,퓲웤쯻맺볒뗄쪧ꆰ놻뚯ꆱ횮럖,틲듋,듓헢튻뗣살뾴,쏀맺뗄쪧튵뚨튵싊뚨틥뻍믡퓚튻킩랽쏦퓬돉쪧튵싊뗄룟맀,뛸틥튲믡퓬돉쪧튵싊뗄뗍맀ꆣ떫튲폐튻킩랽쏦뗄닮쫀뷧뺭볃3ꆡ2003쓪뗚5웚ꆡꆤ50ꆤ' 1995-2005 Tsinghua Tongfang Optical Disc Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
헅뎵캰ꆡꆡꆡꆡ뇭2쫀뷧훷튪랢듯맺볒쪧튵싊뛔뇈(룹뻝쏀맺뇪ힼ뗷헻)%ꆡꆡ쏀맺볓쓃듳냄듳샻퇇죕놾램맺뗂맺틢듳샻죰뗤펢맺ꆡꆡ.ꆡꆡ쮵쏷:2000쓪쪧튵싊캪뗚튻벾뛈쫽뻝ꆣ쇏살풴:Sorrentino(2000)ꆣ틬믡퓬돉쏀맺뗄쪧튵싊놻룟맀뗄쟩뿶ꆣ샽죧,퓚쏀얩듥쪣폠샍뚯솦튲쯣ퟷ쪧튵헟뗈뗈ꆣ쯹폐헢킩맀맺,쎻폐릤ퟷ쟒헽퓚헒릤ퟷ뗄톧짺놻쫓캪쪧튵헟,볆뚼볓듳쇋쪧튵싊뗄럖ퟓ,떱좻,퓚럖쒸늻뇤뗄쟩뛸퓚볓쓃듳,헢퇹뗄톧짺놻쫓캪늻퓚샍뚯솦쫐뎡ꆣ뿶쿂,럖ퟓ뗄볓듳뻍틢캶ퟅ쪧튵싊뗄퓶볓ꆣ틲듋,캪쇋뷸탐쪧튵싊뗄맺볊뛔뇈,뻍탨튪내헕쒳컞램탎돉튻룶죋죋뚼뿉틔뷓쫜뗄쪧튵싊뚨튻룶맺볒뗄쪧튵뚨틥뛔웤쯻맺볒뗄쪧튵뚨틥뷸탐틥,퓚뫜듳돌뛈짏풴폚죋쏇뛔캪쪲쎴튪닢뛈쪧튵뗷헻ꆣ뇭2쫇내헕쏀맺뗄쪧튵뚨틥뗷헻뫳뗄쫀뷧싊뗄샭뷢늻춬ꆣ쪧튵싊쫇튻룶뛈솿뺭볃퓋탐ힴ뿶훷튪랢듯맺볒뗄쪧튵싊쟩뿶ꆣ뗄횸뇪뮹쫇뛈솿뺭볃삧쓑돌뛈뗄횸뇪?믲헟쫇튻룶뛈솿샍뚯솦릩룸맽쪣돌뛈뗄횸뇪?뛈솿쪧튵싊쯄ꆢ쪧튵싊뗄몬틥뫍닢뛈쪧튵뗄삧쓑뗄쒿뗄늻춬,웤뛈솿랽램튲뇘좻늻춬ꆣ튻냣틢틥짏샭뷢뗄쪧튵싊쫇튻룶뫍샍뚯솦쫐죧뫎뚨틥쪧튵,뎤웚틔살튻횱듦퓚헹틩ꆣ웤풭뎡쏜쟐맘솪뗄횸뇪ꆣ쎻폐샍뚯솦쫐뎡룅쓮,튲뻍컞틲퓚폚,쎿룶죋뛔쪧튵뗄샭뷢늻뺡쿠춬ꆣ퓚쿖쪵짺쯹캽쪧튵싊룅쓮ꆣ틲듋,쪧튵싊펦룃쫇튻룶샍뚯솦믮훐,놻뿤듳뗄쪧튵싊뎣돤돢룷훖룷퇹뗄쎽쳥놨쫐뎡훐샍뚯솦캴놻샻폃돌뛈뗄뛈솿횸뇪,쯼튪닢뗀ꆣ샽죧,볓쓃듳뗄튻럝퇐뺿놨룦탻돆,떱냼삨쇋뛈뗄쫇죔좻뢽ퟅ폚샍뚯솦쫐뎡떫떱잰캴놻맍펶뗄쪧튵헟ꆢ뻍튵늻ퟣ헟뫍ꆰ쫜떽듬헛뗄샍뚯헟ꆱ횮뫳,샍뚯솦쫽솿ꆣ룃맺뗄쪧튵싊뷓뷼18%,뛸늻쫇맙랽릫늼뗄늻맽,벴쪹쯹폐뗄죋뚼춬틢쪧튵싊쫇뛔샍뚯%(Robinson,1999)ꆣ퓚훐맺,뛔쪧튵싊뗄맀솦쫐뎡훐샍뚯솦캴놻샻폃돌뛈뗄뛈솿,떫퓚쪵볊볆튲듦퓚벫듳닮틬,듓맺볒릫늼뗄뗇볇쪧튵싊훐뗄횴탐죔좻믡돶쿖럇뎣듳뗄닮틬ꆣ풭틲퓚폚,퓚319%,떽맀볆쪧튵싊7-8%ꆢ10-20%짵훁20-뫜뛠컊쳢짏늢늻듦퓚췪좫헽좷뗄ꆰ뇪ힼ듰낸ꆱꆣ튻30%뗈뗈ꆣ폐맘훐맺쪧튵싊뗄맀볆횮쯹틔듦퓚죧냣살쮵,죋쏇뛔폚죧뫎뚨틥뻍튵헟뫜죝틗탎돉릲듋듳뗄닮틬,훷튪풭틲뻍퓚폚뛔쪧튵뗄샭뷢듦퓚쪶,떫뛔폚죧뫎쟸럖ꆰ쪧튵헟ꆱ뫍ꆰ췋돶샍뚯솦쫐뎡닮틬ꆣ맺볒릫늼뗄뗇볇쪧튵싊뷶뷶냑쓇킩쎻폐릤헟ꆱ,틔벰ꆰ샍뚯닎폫ꆱ뫍ꆰ럇샍뚯닎폫ꆱ,뻍듦퓚탭ퟷ늢떽샍뚯늿쏅뗇볇뗄죋풱쯣ퟷ쪧튵헟,룼룟뗄뛠좱랦뇪ힼ뗄ꆰ믒즫ꆱ쟸폲ꆣ퓚쟸럖ꆰ샍뚯닎폫ꆱ뫍쪧튵싊맀볆쫽ퟖ퓲냑뷼킩쓪뗄쿂룚릤죋좫늿쯣ퟷꆰ럇샍뚯닎폫ꆱ쪱,뎣뎣쪹폃ꆰ쫇럱헒릤ퟷꆱ뫍ꆰ쓜럱쪧튵헟,뛸룟듯20%뗄쪧튵싊퓲냑쿠떱듳쫽솿뗄떽룚ꆱ헢퇹솽룶뇪ힼꆣ떫ꆰ쓜릻떽룚ꆱ뫍ꆰ헒릤ퟷꆱ뗄쫀뷧뺭볃3ꆡ2003쓪뗚5웚ꆡꆤ51ꆤ' 1995-2005 Tsinghua Tongfang Optical Disc Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
ꆡꆡ쪧튵싊뚨틥뗄맺볊뇈뷏벰훐맺돇헲쪧튵싊좷쟐몬틥폖쫇쪲쎴쓘?뛔폚쓇킩짹돆쿫릤ퟷ떫폖뛈,틲뛸뿉틔놻돆캪샍뚯솦쫐뎡뗄ꆰ뇟볊뢽ퟅ헟ꆱꆣ늻헒릤ퟷ뗄죋펦룃죧뫎뒦샭쓘?헽죧ꆰ쏀맺뻍튵폫퓚쪧튵싊춳볆훐쫇럱뾼싇ꆰ뇟볊뢽ퟅ좺쳥ꆱ뛔쪧튵ퟜ춳캯풱믡ꆱ쯹뇭쫶뗄쓇퇹:ꆰ퓚쪲쎴쪱뫲펦쪧튵싊뻟폐훘튪뗄펰쿬ꆣ퓚볓쓃듳,뇟볊뢽ퟅ좺쳥룃냑쓇킩쎻폐릤ퟷ떫쿫릤ퟷ뗄죋냼삨퓚샍뚯솦랶뗄쫽솿춨뎣햼쪧튵헟쫽솿뗄1ö4-1ö3ꆣ뮻뻤뮰캧횮쓚듓뛸뾴돉쫇쪧튵헟쓘?헢쫇놾캯풱믡늻뗃늻쮵,죧맻쪹폃룼볓뿭랺뗄뚨틥,벴냼삨쓇킩쎻폐톰뒦샭뗄ퟮ삧쓑뗄컊쳢ꆱ(PCAEUS,1962)ꆣ헢뿖엂튲헒릤ퟷ떫짹돆쿫릤ퟷ뗄죋,쪧튵싊붫쳡룟25-쫇쯹폐뛈솿쪧튵싊뗄죋폶떽뗄ퟮ삧쓑뗄컊쳢ꆣ35%ꆣ퓚냄듳샻퇇,뇟볊뢽ퟅ헟뗄쫽솿쫇쪧튵헟뗄헽죧뇭1쯹ퟜ뷡뗄쓇퇹,죧뫎뷧뚨ꆰ헒릤ퟷꆱ2-3놶,냼삨쇋헢킩죋뗄쪧튵싊붫쳡룟2-3놶ꆣ뫍ꆰ쓜럱떽룚ꆱ뗈뇪ힼ퓚늻춬뗄맺볒듦퓚뫜듳닮헢훷튪쫇틲캪냄듳샻퇇퓚춳볆쪧튵싊쪱쪹폃뗄틬ꆣ샽죧,퓚냄듳샻퇇뫍쏀맺,횻폐쓇킩ꆰ믽벫헒릤ꆰ쓜릻떽룚ꆱ뗄뇪ힼ럇뎣퇏룱,쪧튵헟뇘탫싺ퟣꆰ믽ퟷꆱ뗄죋닅놻쯣ퟷ쪧튵헟ꆣ뛸퓚볓쓃듳뫍뻸듳뛠쫽벫톰헒릤ퟷꆱ늢ꆰ쓜퓚웟쳬횮쓚떽룚ꆱ헢솽룶쳵볾ꆣOECD맺볒,컞싛쫇ꆰ믽벫ꆱ헒릤ퟷ뗄죋뮹쫇ꆰ쿻샠쯆뗘,쏀맺뗄뇟볊뢽ퟅ좺쳥쫽솿듳풼쫇쪧튵좺벫ꆱ헒릤ퟷ뗄죋뚼놻냼삨퓚쪧튵헟횮훐ꆣ춬쪱,벴쳥뗄2ö3-3ö4놶,냼삨뢽ퟅ좺쳥횮뫳뗄쪧튵싊붫쪹퓚춬튻룶맺볒,쯦ퟅ쪱볤뗄췆틆,튻킩맘볼탔뗄쳡룟66-75%ꆣ뇪ힼ튲믡랢짺뇤뮯ꆣ샽죧,퓚1975쓪틔잰뗄볓쓃ퟛ짏쯹쫶,퓚춨뎣뗄쪧튵싊춳볆훐,쓇킩놻죏듳뫍1967쓪틔잰뗄쏀맺,ꆰ퓢쫜듬헛뗄샍뚯헟ꆱ뚼캪틑뺭췋돶샍뚯솦쫐뎡뗄죋훐죔좻폐쿠떱쫽솿뗄놻쫓캪쪧튵죋풱,떫쿖퓚쯻쏇뚼럖뇰놻헢솽룶맺죋퓚튻뚨돌뛈짏뢽ퟅ폚샍뚯솦쫐뎡,벴쓇킩쎻폐볒뾴돉쫇췋돶샍뚯솦쫐뎡헟ꆣ릤ퟷꆢ쿫릤ퟷ떫쎻폐헒릤ퟷ뗄죋ꆣ평폚헢킩죋퓚쪧떱쪧튵싊놻뾴돉쫇튻룶뛔샍뚯솦캴놻쪹폃돌튵싊춳볆훐놻업돽퓚췢,떽쒿잰캪횹쫀뷧짏늢쎻뛈뗄뛈솿,뷸뛸쫇튻룶샍뚯헟뛔샍뚯솦쫐뎡뢽ퟅ폐튻룶놻쯹폐죋뚼죏뿉뗄쪧튵싊뚨틥ꆣ폐퇐뺿횸돌뛈뗄횸뇪쪱,쯹폐ꆰ쎻폐릤ퟷ떫쿫릤ퟷ뗄죋ꆱ쯆돶,퓚헢킩뇟볊뢽ퟅ헟훐,폐킩죋벴쪹내헕쿖퓚뗄뫵뚼펦룃쫇쪧튵헟ꆣ좻뛸,퓚ꆰ쎻폐릤ퟷ떫쿫릤ퟷ쪧튵싊뇪ힼ,튲펦룃놻냼삨퓚쪧튵헟횮쓚,샽죧쓇뗄죋ꆱ훐좷쪵듦퓚ퟅ뫜뛠늻춬쟩뿶ꆣ폐킩죋뇭쿖캪킩ꆰ뗈듽좺쳥ꆱ(뗈듽놻풭맍훷헙믘ꆢ뗈듽뾪쪼튻럝톰헒릤ퟷ,뛸폐킩죋뇭쿖캪늻헒릤ퟷꆣ퓚늻헒릤ퟷ탂뗄릤ퟷ뗈뗈),틲캪듓뛔샍뚯솦쫐뎡뗄뢽ퟅ돌뛈뗄죋훐,폐킩죋쫇틲캪틑뺭헒맽릤ퟷ,쿖퓚헽퓚뗈살뾴,헢킩죋룼뷓뷼폚쪧튵헟뛸늻쫇럇뺭볃믮뚯듽뷸튻늽뗄탅쾢,죧놻헙믘뗄쿻쾢,뗈듽뇰죋뗄듰죋뿚(Riddell,2000)ꆣ떱좻,ꆰ쫜듬뗄샍뚯헟ꆱ튲폐뢴,믲헟헽퓚뗈듽튻럝탂릤ퟷ뗄뾪쪼뗈뗈;폐킩죋돤럖뗄샭평냼삨퓚쪧튵헟횮훐(OECD,1987,퓲쫇틲캪퓸뺭뛠듎헒릤ퟷ떫뚼쎻폐돉릦,듓뛸죏1995),쿖폐뗄뗷닩쪧튵싊평폚쎻폐냼삨헢튻늿럖캪벴쪹ퟔ벺퓙좥헒릤ퟷ튲늻믡헒떽쫊뫏ퟔ벺뗄릤죋,뎣뎣놻죏캪컞램랴펳헦쪵뗄쪧튵ힴ뿶ꆣ뿉볻,ퟷ,틲캪퓢쫜듬헛뛸럅웺쇋헒릤ퟷ뗄쿫램,헢늿럖ힼ좷뗘춳볆쪧튵싊쫇튻볾럇뎣삧쓑뗄쫂쟩ꆣ죋뻍쫇쯹캽뗄ꆰ퓢쫜듬헛뗄샍뚯헟ꆱꆣ떱좻,늻릤ퟷ뛸폖늻헒릤ퟷ뗄풭틲뮹믡폐뛠훖뛠퇹ꆣퟜ횮,쓇킩컥ꆢ훐맺뗄돇헲쪧튵싊폐뛠룟?쎻폐릤ퟷ떫쿫릤ퟷ늢쟒헒릤ퟷ뗄죋,컞싛웤헒릤ퟷ뗄랽쪽쫇훷뚯뮹쫇놻뚯,뚼폃ퟔ벺뗄탐캪뇭쏷떽쒿잰캪횹,훐맺짐쎻폐릫뾪랢늼폫맺볊뷓쇋뛔샍뚯솦쫐뎡뗄뢽ퟅ돌뛈,퓚듳뛠쫽맺볒뗄쪧맬뗄뗷닩쪧튵싊쫽ퟖꆣ훐맺맙랽릫늼뗄쪧튵싊쫽튵싊춳볆훐뚼놻볆쯣캪쪧튵헟;쓇킩쎻폐릤ퟷꆢ쿫ퟖ캪돇헲뗇볇쪧튵싊,헢튻쫽ퟖ평맺볒춳볆뻖폫릤ퟷ떫늻헒릤ퟷ뗄죋,틲좱랦ퟣ릻뗄횤뻝뇭쏷ퟔ샍뚯뫍짧믡놣헏늿릲춬쫕벯폫랢늼ꆣ퓚돇헲뗇볇벺뛔샍뚯솦쫐뎡뗄뢽ퟅ돌뛈,퓚쪧튵싊춳볆훐뎣쪧튵싊훐,ퟷ캪럖ퟓ뗄뗇볇쪧튵죋풱뇘탫럻뫏틔뎣놻죏캪쫇럇뺭볃믮뚯죋뿚ꆣ듓샭싛짏쮵,뫳튻늿쿂쳵볾:(1)럇얩튵뮧뿚;(2)퓚튻뚨쓪쇤쓚(쓐탔럖죋뛔샍뚯솦쫐뎡쪵볊짏죔뻟폐튻뚨뗄뢽ퟅ돌캪16-50쯪,얮탔캪16-45쯪);(3)폐샍뚯쓜쫀뷧뺭볃3ꆡ2003쓪뗚5웚ꆡꆤ52ꆤ' 1995-2005 Tsinghua Tongfang Optical Disc Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
헅뎵캰ꆡꆡ솦;(4)컞튵뛸튪쟳뻍튵,늢퓚떱뗘뻍튵럾컱믺릹냼삨헢퇹솽늿럖죋:튻늿럖캪퓚뗷닩훜쓚ꆰ듓쫂맽뷸탐쟳횰뗇볇ꆣퟷ캪럖쒸뗄돇헲샍뚯죋뿚냼삨:튻킡쪱틔짏폐쫕죫뗄릤ퟷ헟ꆱ,쇭튻늿럖캪폐릤ퟷ(1)돇헲떥캻듓튵죋풱(뿛돽쪹폃뗄얩듥샍뚯솦ꆢ떫헽퓚ꆰ퓚횰택볙ꆢ엠통뫍벾뷚탔킪튵헟ꆱ;웕닩뚨울폃뗄샫췋택죋풱ꆢ룛냄첨벰췢랽죋풱);(2)돇헲틥뗄쪧튵헟튲냼삨솽늿럖죋:튻늿럖캪ꆰ듓캴릤ퟷ떥캻훐뗄늻퓚룚횰릤;(3)돇헲쮽펪튵훷ꆢ룶쳥뮧헽퓚헒릤ퟷ뗄죋ꆱ,헢킩죋훷튪캪쓇킩탂뷸죫샍뚯훷;(4)돇헲쮽펪웳튵뫍룶쳥듓튵죋풱;(5)돇헲쪧솦쫐뎡뗄죋,쇭튻늿럖죋캪ꆰ쪧좥릤ퟷ헽퓚헒릤ퟷ튵죋풱ꆣ돇헲뗇볇쪧튵싊뷶뷶냑쓇킩떽뻍튵럾컱뗄죋ꆱꆣ뺡맜ꆰ컥웕ꆱ퓚풭퓲짏ퟱ톭쇋ILO췆볶뗄뻍믺릹쟳횰뗇볇뗄컞릤ퟷ헟쫓캪쪧튵죋풱,뛸쓇킩튵뫍쪧튵뚨틥,떫뛾헟횮볤죔좻듦퓚쪵훊탔뗄닮뇰ꆣ쎻폐좥뗇볇뗄쪧튵죋풱놻업돽퓚쪧튵헟춳볆횮듓뛔뻍튵헟뗄뚨틥살뾴,쯤좻ꆰ컥웕ꆱퟱ톭췢,틲듋쯼믡뗍맀헦쪵뗄쪧튵돌뛈ꆣILO뗄뇪ힼ,냑쯹폐퓚뗷닩훜쓚듓쫂쇋ꆰ뎬맽튻룶쪵볊짏ퟔ1996쓪뾪쪼,훐맺맺볒춳볆뻖뻍뾪킡쪱폐쫕죫릤ퟷꆱ뗄죋뚼쫓캪뻍튵헟,떫ꆰ컥웕ꆱ퓚쪼뷸탐폐맘샍뚯솦뗄돩퇹뗷닩ꆣ룃뗷닩쎿쓪뷸탐뛔뻍튵뗄뚨틥짏죔좻쎻폐췪좫ퟱ톭ILO뗄뇪ힼꆣ죽듎ꆣ웤훐,뗚뛾벾뛈뫍뗚쯄벾뛈뗄뗷닩횻퓚돇헲ꆰ컥웕ꆱ냑쯹폐뗄ꆰ벾뷚탔킪튵헟ꆱ뚼쫓캪뻍튵헟,뷸탐,뛸뗚죽벾뛈뗄뗷닩퓲퓚좫맺랶캧(늻냼삨쿣뛸룹뻝ILO뗄뇪ힼ,헢킩죋쫇놻쫓캪뻍튵헟뮹쫇룛ꆢ냄쏅뫍첨췥)쓚뷸탐ꆣ뗷닩닉폃럖닣ꆢ뛠뷗뛎ꆢ놻쫓캪쪧튵헟,튪룹뻝쯻쏇쫇럱ꆰ폐쏷좷뗄놻헙믘헻좺룅싊뇈샽돩퇹뗄랽램,퇹놾냼삨16쯪틔짏죋죕웚ꆱ뫍쫇럱ꆰ헒릤ퟷꆱ뛸뚨ꆣ평폚헢튻닮틬믡퓬돉뿚,듳풼90췲죋ꆣ뗷닩쓚죝냼삨뮧뿚뗇볇ힴ뿶ꆢ뮧웕닩훐늿럖펦쯣ퟷ쪧튵헟뗄죋놻ퟷ캪뻍튵헟뾴뿚탔훊(럇얩믲얩튵)ꆢ쫜뷌폽돌뛈ꆢ쫇럱캪좡뗃쫕듽,쯹틔,웕닩뗄뻍튵뚨틥믡뗍맀쪧튵싊ꆣ떫ퟜ뗄죫뛸샍뚯ꆢ뻍튵짭럝ꆢ탐튵뫍횰튵뗈ꆣ웤훐,폐맘쪧살뾴,평폚뛔뻍튵뗄죏뚨쿠뛔살쮵뇈뷏볲떥,뇪ힼ튵뗄훷튪쿮쒿냼삨캴릤ퟷ풭틲ꆢ톰헒릤ퟷ랽쪽ꆢ캴튲쿠뛔죝틗냑컕,쯹틔웕닩뗄뻍튵뚨틥뫍ILO뇪릤ퟷ쪱볤,쪧튵잰쯹퓚뗄탐튵뫍횰튵뗈뗈ꆣ헢튻뗷ힼ횮볤뗄닮틬늢늻첫듳ꆣ닩닉폃쇋맺볊샍릤ퟩ횯붨틩뗄뻍튵룅쓮,냑뻍튵듓뛔쪧튵뗄뚨틥살뾴,ꆰ컥웕ꆱ뚨틥뫍ILO뇪헟뚨틥캪16쯪벰틔짏폐샍뚯쓜솦ꆢ퓚뗷닩훜쓚듓ힼ횮볤뗄닮틬쏷쿔ꆣ쫗쿈,퓚ILO뗄뇪ힼ훐,튪에쫂튻킡쪱틔짏짧믡샍뚯늢좡뗃샍뚯놨돪믲뺭펪쫕뛏튻룶죋쫇럱쪧튵탨튪싺ퟣ죽룶쳵볾:(1)쎻폐릤죫뗄죋풱,냼삨평폚톧쾰ꆢ택볙벰웤쯻풭틲(죧쳬ퟷ;(2)믽벫톰헒릤ퟷ;(3)쓜릻떽룚ꆣ뛸웕닩뛔쪧웸ꆢ짨놸캬탞ꆢ뚯솦늻ퟣꆢ풭닄쇏뛌좱뗈)퓚뗷닩훜튵뗄뚨틥횻쪹폃쇋잰솽룶뇪ힼ,쎻폐쪹폃뗚죽룶쓚퓝쪱뒦폚캴릤ퟷힴ첬뗄죋풱ꆣ뛸냑쪧튵헟뚨틥뇪ힼꆣ웤듎,ꆰ컥웕ꆱ퓚뛔듽헒릤ퟷ컊쳢짏,뇪ힼ맽캪16쯪벰틔짏헽퓚톰헒릤ퟷ뗄컞릤ퟷ죋풱ꆣ펦룃폚뿭쯉ꆣ내헕ILO뇪ힼ,헒릤ퟷ뗄웚쿞펦룃폐튻쮵,듓헢튻뗷닩훐췪좫뿉틔좡뗃뫍맺볊뷓맬뗄뗷룶쏷좷뗄쿞뚨,맺볊짏튻냣뚼닉폃맽좥쯄훜믲헟닩쪧튵싊쫽ퟖ,떫헢튻뗷닩쪧튵싊쫽ퟖ쎻폐릫늼ꆣ맽좥튻룶퓂ퟷ캪뇪ힼ,떫퓚웕닩훐,볈쎻폐뛔헒릤죋뿚웕닩쫇좫쏦쾵춳쇋뷢뻍튵뫍쪧튵ힴ뿶뗄ퟷ웚쿞뗄맦뚨,튲쎻폐맘폚헒릤ퟷ뗄랽쪽뗄튪쟳,쇭튻룶ퟮ훘튪뗄탅쾢살풴ꆣ떫죋뿚웕닩쎿10쓪닅횻튪놻뗷닩죋훷맛짏죏캪ퟔ벺헒릤ퟷ,뻍쯣싺ퟣ뷸탐튻듎,쯹틔,웕닩뗃떽뗄뻍튵뫍쪧튵쫽ퟖ뫜쓑쇋헒릤ퟷ뗄뇪ힼꆣ퓙헟,퓚죧뫎뛔듽튻킩쳘쫢뗄좺싺ퟣ쪧튵싊뛔쪱킧탔뗄튪쟳ꆣ늻맽,훐맺ퟮ뷼튻듎쳥죧ꆰ톧짺ꆱꆰ퓝쪱쿂룚죋풱ꆱꆰ헽퓚뗈듽뾪쪼탂릤뗄죋뿚웕닩룕룕폚2000쓪뷡쫸,헢캪컒쏇뿺쫓훐ퟷ뗄죋ꆱꆰ늻좡놨돪뗄볒컱샍뚯헟ꆱ뗈컊쳢짏,ꆰ컥맺뗄쪧튵ힴ뿶쳡릩쇋뿉쓜ꆣ웕ꆱ쎻폐쿱ILO쯹췆볶뗄쓇퇹ퟶ돶뻟쳥맦뚨ꆣ뿉퓚2000쓪뗚컥듎죋뿚웕닩ꆰ(컥웕ꆱ)훐,쯹폐볻,ꆰ컥웕ꆱ훐뗄쪧튵헟늢쎻폐ퟱ톭뫍맺볊룅쓮뷓15쯪틔짏뗄죋뚼튪헫뛔ퟔ벺뗄릤ퟷힴ뿶믘듰죴맬뗄쪧튵뚨틥,평폚쯼퓚뫜뛠랽쏦럅쯉쇋쪧튵뗄룉컊쳢ꆣ헢킩컊쳢뗄짨볆믹놾짏ퟱ톭쇋ILO췆볶뇪ힼ,틲듋,ꆰ컥웕ꆱ쪧튵뚨틥뗄몭룇쏦쪵훊짏튪풶뗄뻍튵뫍쪧튵뇪ힼꆣ뻟쳥살쮵,웕닩뚨틥뗄뻍튵헟풶듳폚ILO뗄뇪ힼ,헢틢캶ퟅꆰ컥웕ꆱ쪧튵싊듦퓚쫀뷧뺭볃3ꆡ2003쓪뗚5웚ꆡꆤ53ꆤ' 1995-2005 Tsinghua Tongfang Optical Disc Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
ꆡꆡ쪧튵싊뚨틥뗄맺볊뇈뷏벰훐맺돇헲쪧튵싊ퟅ뛔쪧튵싊뗄룟맀ꆣ틲캪,죧맻ퟱ톭튻룶룼볓퇏룱쯤좻룹뻝ꆰ컥웕ꆱ뗃떽뗄돇헲쪧튵싊룟듯뗄쪧튵뇪ힼ,ꆰ컥웕ꆱ훐뗄탭뛠쪧튵헟붫돉캪럇뺭8127%,떫2002쓪뗚쯄벾뛈뗄돇헲뗇볇쪧튵싊좴볃믮뚯헟ꆣ횻폐4%ퟳ폒ꆣ훐맺쒿잰뗄돇헲쪧튵싊떽뗗폐뛠룹뻝2000쓪좫맺죋뿚웕닩쇏,훐맺15쯪룟?헢죔좻쫇튻룶쎻폐죋쮵뗃쟥돾뗄컊쳢ꆣ돇헲틔짏죋뿚쪧튵싊캪%,떫돇쿧횮볤듦퓚ퟅ뻞뗇볇쪧튵싊쯤좻폫맺볊짏훷튪랢듯맺볒뗄쪧튵싊듳닮틬ꆣ돇헲쪧튵싊캪%,웤훐돇쫐캪쿠뇈늢늻룟,떫평폚헢튻쫽ퟖ늻쫇폃폫맺볊뷓맬9143%,헲캪%,뛸얩듥쪧튵싊횻폐%뗄뗷닩랽램뗃떽뗄,틲듋뫜쓑쮵쏷훐맺돇헲뗄헦(볻뇭3)ꆣ쪵쪧튵ힴ뿶ꆣ룹뻝2000쓪죋뿚웕닩볆쯣뗄훐맺돇헲쪧튵싊캪%,헢쿔좻쫇튻룶뇈뷏룟뗄쪧튵뇭32000쓪훐맺15쯪틔짏죋뿚쪧튵싊%쮮욽,떫평폚ꆰ컥웕ꆱ쪧튵싊퓚뫜뛠랽쏦쎻폐퇏룱쓪쇤ퟩ헲ퟱ톭맺볊짏뗷닩쪧튵싊뗄뿚뺶,헢튻쪧튵싊쫽ퟖ(쯪좫맺돇)뫏볆쫐헲얩듥튲뫜쓑쮵쫇훐맺돇헲헦쪵쪧튵돌뛈뗄뛈솿ꆣ늻맽,죧맻뇈뷏돇헲뗷닩쪧튵싊뫍ꆰ컥웕ꆱ쪧튵싊뗄뻟쳥쓚죝,퓲늻쓑뾴돶,ꆰ컥웕ꆱ뗄쪧튵싊룼뷓뷼맺볊짏춨탐뗄뗷닩쪧튵싊ꆣ뺡맜ꆰ컥웕ꆱ쪧튵싊믡퓚튻뚨돌뛈짏룟맀훐맺뗄헦쪵쪧튵쮮욽,떫쯼튲탭쫇뛔쒿잰훐맺돇헲쪧튵쮮욽뗄ퟮ뷓뷼쪵볊뗄뛈솿ꆣ본폚쪧튵싊헽퓚돉캪뛈솿뫪맛뺭볃퓋탐ힴ뿶뗄훘튪횸뇪,훐맺웈쟐탨튪튻룶뫍맺볊뷓맬뗄뗷닩쪧튵싊ꆣ틲듋,훐맺펦룃뺡뿬붨솢뫍맺볊뷓맬뗄쪧튵싊쯪벰틔짏0뗷닩훆뛈늢뚨웚랢늼뗷닩쪧튵싊ꆣ.ퟜ볆ꆡꆡ쇏살풴닎뾼컄쿗::맺컱풺죋뿚웕닩냬릫쫒ꆢ맺볒춳볆뻖죋뿚뫍짧믡뿆벼춳볆쮾맺컱풺죋뿚웕닩냬릫쫒ꆢ맺볒춳볆뻖죋뿚뫍짧믡뿆벼춳볆쮾(2002)ꆣ(2002):ꆶ훐맺2000쓪죋뿚웕닩쇏ꆷ,훐맺춳볆돶냦짧ꆣOECD(1987):ꆰOntheMarginoftheLaborForce:An쯤좻훐맺ퟜ쳥뗄쪧튵싊늢늻쯣룟,떫돇헲쪧AnalysisofDiscouragedWorkersandotherNon2participantsꆱ,튵싊틑뺭듯떽쇋쿠떱룟뗄쮮욽ꆣ2000쓪훐맺뗄돇EmploymentOutlook,September,-170.헲쪧튵싊뷶뷶뗍폚틢듳샻ꆢ램맺뫍뗂맺ꆪꆪ(1995):ꆰSupplementaryMeasuresofLabourMarket,듳듳룟폚Slackꆱ,EmploymentOutlook,July,-49.쏀맺뗄%뫍죕놾뗄%(볻춼2)ꆣPresident’sCommitteetoAppraiseEmploymentandUnem2ploymentStatistics(UnitedStates)(1962):MeasuringEmploy2mentandUnemployment,Washington,DC:,D.(1999):ꆰNiceWork-IfYouCanGetitꆱ,Be2hindtheNumbers:EconomicsFacts,FiguresandAnalysis,Ot2tawa:,(2000):ꆰMeasuringUnemploymentandStructuralUnemploymentꆱ,CanadianPublicPolicy,,S101-108.춼2ꆡ훐맺돇헲쪧튵싊폫훷튪랢듯맺볒쪧튵싊뇈뷏Sorrentino,Constance(2000):ꆰInternationalUnemployment쮵쏷Rates:HowComparableAreThey?ꆱMonthlyLaborReview,:펢맺뗄쪧튵싊캪1999쓪쫽ퟖ,웤쯻맺볒뗄쪧튵싊뻹캪쓪쫽ퟖꆣ(뷘룥:2003쓪2퓂ꆡ퓰죎뇠벭:뛅퇇욽)쫀뷧뺭볃3ꆡ2003쓪뗚5웚ꆡꆤ54ꆤ' 1995-2005 Tsinghua Tongfang Optical Disc Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
ꆡꆡꆡꆡTradeLiberalization,ExchangeRatePolicyandtheInternalBalanceofChineseMacro-economyZhouShenAftertheentryintotheWTO,’’’(RCA)ofvariousindustriesinChinaandothereastAsianEconomiesintheperiodof1980-1997,(RCA)inmachinerycomparedwithJapan,Taiwan,’simportsarecomplementarytotheexportsofTaiwan,SouthKo2rea,Indonesia,MalaysiaandThailand,whilethecomplementaritiesbetweenChina’,,(InternationalLaborOrganization),thispapercomparesthedifferenceindefiningtheunemploymentratebydifferentdevelopedcountriesandinter2nationalorganizations,exploresthedifficultiesinmeasuringunemployment,discussesChina’%inChina,.쫀뷧뺭볃3ꆡ2003쓪뗚5웚ꆡꆤ80ꆤ' 1995-2005 Tsinghua Tongfang Optical Disc Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
