Designation: F 833 – 05a
Standard Consumer Safety Performance Specification for Carriages and Strollers1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 833; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This consumer safety performance specification addresses carriage and stroller incidents that were identified by the . Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC).
The CPSC identified injuries to children associated with the following: stability, brakes, restraint systems, latches and folding mechanisms, structural integrity, and deaths due to entrapment in openings of convertible carriage/strollers. By far, the most common injury resulted when a child fell or climbed out of a stroller because the restraint system was not being used. In response to the incidents data developed by the CPSC, this consumer safety performance specification attempts to minimize the previously listed problems. This specification does not cover carriages and strollers that are blatantly misused, although warnings and safety instructions are required to be prominently displayed on or with each carriage or stroller.
Note 1—This consumer safety performance specification is not intended to address incidents and injuries resulting from the interaction of other persons with children in carriages or strollers or incidents resulting from unforeseeable abuse or misuse.
This consumer safety performance specification is written within the current state of the art of carriage and stroller technology. It is intended that this specification will be updated whenever substantive information becomes available which necessitates additional requirements or justifies the revision of existing requirements.
1. Scope
This consumer safety specification establishes safety performance requirements, test methods, and labeling requirements to minimize the hazards to children presented by carriages and strollers as identified in the introduction.
No carriage or stroller produced after the approval date of this consumer safety performance specification shall, either by label or other means, indicate compliance with this specification unless it conforms to all requirements herein.
The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI values given in parentheses are for information only.
The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 7, of this consumer safety specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
ASTM Standards: 2
D 3359 Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape Test
Federal Standards:
16 CFR-1303 Ban of Lead-Containing Paint and Certain Consumer Products Bearing Lead-Containing Paint3
16 CFR-1500 Hazardous Substances Act Regulations3 including sections:
Mechanical Requirements for Determining a Sharp Point in Toys or Other Articles Intended for Use by
Children Under Eight Years of Age
Technical Requirements for Determining a Sharp Metal or Glass Edge in Toys or Other Articles Intended for Use by Children Under Eight Years of Age
-52 Tests Methods for Simulating Use and Abuse of Toys and Other Articles Intended for Use by Children
16 CFR 1501 Method for Identifying Toys and Other Articles Intended for Use by Children Under Three Years of Age Which Present Choking, Aspiration, or Ingestion
Hazards Because of Small Parts3
Other Documents:
CAMI Infant Dummy, Mark II (see Fig. 1)
CAMI Dummy, Mark II
3. Terminology
Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
carriage, n—wheeled vehicle generally used for the transport of an infant who is generally in a lying down position. The motive power is supplied by a person or persons pushing or pulling on a handle attached to the vehicle. A carriage may be capable of being folded for storage.
conspicuous, n—label that is visible, when the unit is in a manufacturer’s recommended use position, to a person standing near the unit at any one position around the unit but not necessarily visible from all positions.
convertible carriage/stroller, n—wheeled vehicle that is intended to be converted by the owner to be used as either a carriage or a stroller.
harness system, n—shall include a waist and crotch restraint and a means of restraining the upper torso.
infant, n—young child who is not capable of sitting unassisted.
jogging stroller, n—stroller intended to be used for children at a jogging rate (run at a steady slow trot).
manufacturer’s recommended use position, n—any position that is presented as a normal, allowable, or acceptable configuration for use of the product by the manufacturer in any descriptive or instructional literature. This specifically excludes positions that the manufacturer shows in a like manner in its literature to be unacceptable, unsafe, or not recommended.
non-paper label, n—any label material (such as plastic or metal) that either will not tear without the aid of tools or tears leaving a sharply defined edge.
occupant(s), n—that individual or those individuals who are in a product that is set up in one of the manufacturer’s recommended use positions.
occupant retention space, n—space enclosed by the surfaces, for example, side walls or the floor, or both, of a carriage or convertible carriage/stroller that contains the occupant within a carriage or a stroller in the reclined carriage position.
paper label, n—any label material that tears without the aid of tools and leaves a fibrous edge.
reclined carriage position, n—adjustment position of a convertible carriage/stroller that allows for an interior angle of greater than 150° between the seat surface and the backrest.
static load, n—vertically downward force applied by a calibrated force gage or by dead weights.
stroller, n—wheeled vehicle for the transport of infants or children generally in a sitting-up or semi-reclined position. The motive power is typically supplied by a person pushing on a handle attached to the vehicle at a walking rate. A stroller generally is capable of being folded for storage. Strollers normally are used for children from infancy to 36 months of age.
4. Calibration and Standardization
All testing shall be conducted on a concrete floor that may be covered with -in. (3-mm) thick vinyl floor covering, unless test instructs differently.
The unit shall be completely assembled, unless otherwise noted, in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
No testing shall be conducted within 48 h of manufacturing.
The product to be tested shall be in a room with an ambient temperature of 73 6 9°F (23 6 5°C) for at least 1 h prior to testing. Testing shall then be conducted within this temperature range.
All testing required by this specification shall be conducted on the same unit.
5. General Requirements
There shall be no hazardous points or edges as defined by 16 CFR and 16 CFR before and after testing to this consumer safety specification.
There shall be no small parts as defined by 16 CFR 1501 before testing or liberated as a result of testing to this specification.
The paint and surface-coating on the product shall comply to 16 CFR 1303.
Prior to testing, any exposed wood parts shall be smooth and free of splinters.
Latching Mechanisms—Any unit that folds shall have a latching device or other provision in the design that will prevent the unit from unintentional folding when properly placed in the manufacturer’s recommended use position. Products with latching devices for prevention of unintentional folding shall be tested in accordance with . During and upon completion of this test, the unit shall remain latched in its manufacturer’s recommended use position.
Strollers that employ hinged links with a geometric over center action (see Fig. 2) to maintain the product in the 4 Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration, Drawing No. SA-1001. normal use position shall require two distinct and separate actions on the part of the user to initiate folding of the product. Such strollers shall require only a single action on the part of the user to secure the stroller in the normal use position.
Stroller With Hinged Link
Openings—Holes or slots that extend entirely through a wall section of any rigid material less than in. ( mm) thick and admit a -in. (-mm) diameter rod shall also admit a -in. (-mm) diameter rod. Holes or slots that are between in. ( mm) and in. ( mm) and have a wall thickness less than in. ( mm) but are limited in depth to in. ( mm) maximum by another rigid surface shall be permissible (see Fig. 3). The product shall be evaluated in all manufacturer’s recommended use positions.
Opening Example
Scissoring, Shearing, Pinching—The unit, when in the manufacturer’s recommended use position, shall be designed and constructed so as to prevent injury to the occupant from any scissoring, shearing, or pinching when members or components rotate about a common axis or fastening point, slide, pivot, fold, or otherwise move relative to one another. Scissoring, shearing, or pinching that may cause injury shall not be permissible when the edges of the rigid parts admit a probe greater than -in. (-mm) diameter and less than -in. (-mm) diameter at any accessible point throughout the range of motion of such parts. This excludes the adjustment of accessory items such as canopies, storage latches, baskets, etc.
Exposed Coil Springs—Any exposed coil spring which is accessible to the occupant, having or capable of generating a space between coils of in. ( mm) or greater during static load testing (see and ) shall be covered or otherwise designed to prevent injury from entrapment.
Labeling:
Warning labels (whether paper or non-paper) shall be permanent when tested in accordance with .
Warning statements applied directly onto the surface of the product by hot stamping, heat transfer, printing, wood burning, etc. shall be permanent when tested in accordance with .
Non-paper labels shall not liberate small parts when tested in accordance with .
Protective Components—If a child can grasp components between the thumb and forefinger, or teeth, such as caps, sleeves, or plugs used for protection from sharp edges, points, or entrapment of fingers or toes, or if there is at least a -in. (-mm) gap between the component and its adjacent parent
component, such component shall not be removed when tested in accordance with .
Seat Recline Measurement—Place the back of the stroller in the most reclined position. Place the hinged boards with the hinged edge into the junction of the stroller back and seat (see Fig. 4). Measure the angle between the two boards.
Measuring Seat Back Recline
NOTE— in. (19 mm) by 6 in. (150 mm) by 6 in. (150 mm) board hinged to a in. (19 mm) by 6 in. (150 mm) by 12 in. (300 mm) board placed in the junction of the stroller seat.
6. Performance Requirements
NOTE 1—The forces that are to be applied to the sample in the test methods described in Section 7 of this specification are applied readily by means of a calibrated force gage, or in the case of static load and dynamic
load test methods, by dead weights.
Brake Requirements—A braking device shall be provided on the unit. The braking device shall remain engaged and prevent the braked wheel(s) from rotating more than 90° during the test described in . The brake shall be constructed so that it can not be disengaged by the child within the unit when the child is secured in the unit in accordance with the instructional literature.
Static Load:
A carriage shall support a static load of 50 lbf (222 N) when placed in the approximate center of the area intended to support the infant occupant.
Astroller shall support a static load of 100 lb ( kg) or times the manufacturer’s recommended maximum weight, whichever is greater, per individual seating area, when placed in the approximate center of the area intended to support the child occupant.
A convertible carriage/stroller shall support a static load appropriate to the configuration in which the unit is erected. All configurations shall be tested.
A combination unit of a car seat on a stroller shall support a static load of 50 lbf (222 N) when placed in the approximate center of the area intended to support the occupant.
Test methods shall be performed in accordance with . At the conclusion of the test method, there shall be no unacceptable conditions as identified within this specification (see Note 2). In cases of multiple occupancy units, a specified test weight shall be applied simultaneously to each occupant
position.
NOTE 2—For the purpose of this specification, the unacceptable conditions that might be identified by the static load test methods shall be tip over, collapse of the product or a component of the product, sharp edges
or points, and small parts.
Stability—The product shall remain on the appropriate test plane and not tip over when tested in accordance with . At the end of this test method, the unit shall remain in the manufacturer’s recommended-use position on the inclined test plane when tested in accordance to and on a horizontal
test plane when tested in accordance with . In cases of multiple-occupancy units, the specified test weight shall be placed in any occupant seat deemed to be the worst or the most likely to fail. Products that include as original equipment manufacturer-supplied accessories for carrying any type of packages must be tested with these accessories both empty and loaded to the maximum weight specified by the manufacturer,
while each available seating position is occupied by the specified test weight.
Restraining System—All products covered by this specification, except carriages designed only for an infant, must have a child restraint system. The manufacturer shall attach the restraint system in such a manner that it will not become detached through normal usage. The restraint system shall include both waist and crotch restraint. The crotch resistant shall be designed such that its use is mandatory when the
restraint system is in use.
Carriage—No restraining system is required if the carriage is intended to be used for an infant only. Carriages with accessory sit-up backs or other items indicating intent to
be used for children developed beyond infancy must have a restraining system (see ).
Stroller—A restraining system shall be provided preassembled by the manufacturer to a component of the stroller.
Convertible Carriage/Stroller—A restraining system shall be provided on each convertible carriage/stroller that will function as though the unit is specifically a carriage (see ) or stroller (see ).
Restraining System—Test methods for all restraining systems shall be in accordance with . The closing mechanisms shall not part or slip more than 1 in. (25 mm). The anchorages shall not separate from their attachment points. At the end of the tests, the CAMI dummy shall not be released fully. When tested in accordance with , the restraint system (see Fig. 5 for Point C) shall not move more than 2 in.
(51 mm).
Restraint System Setup
Harness System—If a harness system utilizes seat back anchor points for shoulder straps, then the system shall meet the requirements of .
Location of Restraining System—When tested in accordance with , the restraining system shall meet the following requirements.
The anchor points of the waist restraint shall be between the 2-in. (50-mm) line and the 5-in. (127-mm) line on the test cylinder when tested in accordance with .
A 1-in. (25-mm) diameter probe shall not freely pass through any gap between the waist restraint and the test cylinder when tested in accordance with .
The location of the crotch anchor shall not be in front of the test cylinder when tested in accordance with .
The point on the lower edge of the waist strap shall be between the -in. (114-mm) line and the -in. (190-mm) line on the test cylinder when tested in accordance with .
Occupant Retention—Carriages or seating locations of convertible carriage/strollers with a reclined carriage position(s) shall have a wall(s) surrounding all sides above the floor of the occupant retention space. The enclosure shall not allow the complete passage of the test probe shown in Fig. 6 through any completely bounded external openings (any holes) below the top edge of the occupant retention space when tested in accordance with .
Material: Smooth Finish
Occupant Retention Probe
Products with a reclined carriage position(s) must have a nondetachable feature to enable them to conform to the requirement in unless the product only can be adjusted to any reclined carriage position when a detachable device is attached.
Nondetachable denotes that the occupant retention assembly cannot be separated or removed from the product without damaging it or be removed without the aid of tools.
Combination Unit of a Car Seat on a Stroller—The combined unit shall conform to the requirements of , in accordance with , in accordance with , in accordance with , in accordance with , , and in all manufacturer’s recommended use positions. When testing the combination unit according to (16 CFR (b) (4) (iii)), the unit shall neither have any broken parts nor allow the car seat to completely separate from the stroller.
Impact Test—The fold locking/latching mechanism shall not disengage or break, or both, and breakage shall not occur to the frame of the stroller when tested in accordance with .
7. Test Methods
If during the course of conducting the test methods in this safety specification, a test model suffers any permanent deformation or damage, an additional test model of the same model shall be used for the remainder of the test methods.
Latching Mechanisms for Prevention of Unintentional Folding:
Erect the product in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions, and gradually place a 5-lb (-kg) weight (similar to a 5-lb bag of sugar) in the center of the supporting surface.
Place the product in the manufacturer’s recommended use position so that the normal folding motion is not impeded.
Apply a force of 45 lbf (200 N) at the location normally associated with the folding action and in the direction
normally associated with folding the product in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. Gradually apply the force within 5 s and maintain for an additional 10 s.
NOTE 3—Do not apply this force on latching or unlatching means itself.
Repeat for a total of 5 times within 2 min.
Fold the unit in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions and repeat , , and one additional time.
Static Load Test Method:
Place the product in the manufacturer’s recommended use position.
Place the specified weight from upon a 6 by 6-in. (150 by 150-mm) wood block in. (19 mm) thick in the unit at the location called for in . If the unit has a hammock-type seat, use a standard 6-in. weld cap as identified in Fig. 7 instead of the specified wood block upon which to place the test weight. Make allowances for the mass of the weld cap. Gradually apply the weight within 5 s and maintain for an additional 60 s.
Weld Cap
Place a 50-lb (-kg) weight or times the manufacturer’s recommended maximum weight of an individual seating area, whichever is greater, upon the center of any step or footrest and distribute it upon a 3 by 6-in. (75 by 150-mm) wood block in. (19 mm) thick. If the step or foot rest is adjustable, the test method shall be done in the lowest use position. Gradually apply the weight within 5 s and maintain for an additional 60 s.
Stability Test Method:
Stability with Occupant(s) in the Product:
Place the product in the manufacturer’s use position with all wheels on a 12° inclined plane. If the test model has an adjustable back rest, test in the most upright, recline, and
carriage use positions.
In the upright and recline (an interior angle of 150° or less as measured in accordance with between the seat surface and the backrest) use positions, place a CAMI Dummy, Mark II (see Fig. 1) in the carriage or stroller, and secure the restraint system in accordance with the manufacturer’s instruction.
For the carriage use position, an interior angle of greater than 150° as measured in accordance with between the seat surface and the backrest, place the CAMI Dummy, Mark II (see Fig. 1) with the dummy’s head against the rear surface of the occupant retention space and the handle in the
stroller mode.
Place a stop on the plane against the wheels in a manner that will prevent the carriage or stroller from moving on the plane but will not prevent it from tipping.
Position the stroller or carriage on the plane in all orientations that present maximum tendency for the unstable condition to exist.
Front Stability (Child Climbing in) for Stroller or Convertible Carriage/Stroller in Stroller Use Only:
Place the unit in the manufacturer’s recommended use position with all wheels on a flat horizontal plane. With no added weight in the seating compartment, place the foot rest or step, or both, in the lowest use position, which is the normal use position.
Apply a force of 40 lbf (178 N) vertically downward at a position on the centerline not to exceed 1 in. (25 mm) from the front edge of the forward most horizontal member, with a pad not exceeding 2 in. (50 mm) in diameter.
Repeat to any horizontal member on the left and right of the centerline, applying the vertically downward force on the location most likely to cause the unit to tip over.
Restraining System Integrity and Occupant Retention Test Methods:
Restraining System Integrity Test Method:
Secure the test model so that it cannot move vertically or horizontally.
Apply a force of 45 lbf (200 N) to a single attachment point of the restraint system in the normal use
direction(s) that stress would be applied to that attachment. Gradually apply the force within 5 s and maintain for an additional 10 s.
Repeat for a total of five times with a maximum interval of 5 s between tests.
Repeat and for each attachment point of the restraint system and fastening device.
Restraining System Occupant Retention Test Method:
If the test model has an adjustable back rest, place it in the most upright use position. Place a CAMI Infant Dummy, Mark II (see Fig. 1) in the test unit with the restraining system fastened in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. Tighten the restraining system in such a manner that a force of 2 lbf (9 N) or less will provide at least a -in. (6-mm) space between the restraint system and the dummy. The webbing tension pull device shown (Fig. 8) is required to determine proper restraint system fit. Perform the following tests without
readjusting the restraint system.
Note 1—Dimension A: Width of webbing plus in. (3 mm).
Note 2—Dimension B: One half of Dimension A.
FIG. 8 Webbing Tension Pull Device
Apply a pull force of 45 lbf (200 N) horizontally on the approximate centerline of either leg of the dummy (at the ankle). Gradually apply the force within 5 s and maintain for an
additional 10 s.
Repeat for a total of five times with a maximum interval of 5 s between tests.
Release the test unit from its attachment to the test plane ().
Reposition the CAMI Infant Dummy, Mark II () into the seated position without adjusting the restraint system.
By any convenient means, lift the unit and rotate it backwards 360° around an axis approximating the intersection of the seat back and bottom. The rotation must hesitate for a minimum of 1 s every 90°.
Rotate the stroller 360° around an axis approximating the side edge of the seat bottom. Rotation must hesitate a minimum of 1 s every 90°.
Remove any removable soft goods. Adjust the waist strap(s) to the position in (see Fig. 5), without the CAMI Infant Dummy, Mark II. Place a 5-lb (-kg) weight on a 6 by 6-in. (150 by 150-mm) wood block in. (19 mm) thick in the center of the seat. Establish a horizontal reference line (Line A) forward of the seat back and on a plane (Plane B) perpendicular to the seat back and through the point where the waist strap(s) attaches to or emerges from the seat back rest (Point C). Apply a force of lbf ( N), using the web
tension device (Fig. 8), to the loop to remove any slack and measure (D1) from the forward most point of the loop (Point E) to the horizontal reference line (Line A). Apply a force of 7 lbf (31 N) to Point E perpendicular to the seat back (Plane B), and measure the distance (D2). The difference between the initial
measurement (D1) and the second measurement (D2) shall conform to .
The height of the shoulder strap’s potential anchors shall be at 6 in. (267 6 26 mm) and 6 in. (318 6 26 mm) from the junction of the stroller back and seat in accordance with . For strollers with a maximum child weight of greater than 40 lb ( kg) per seat, a third potential anchor shall be at 15 in. 6 in. (380 6 26 mm). The measurement shall be from the junction of the seat/back to the
lowest point of the slot or anchor. With the stroller back in the most upright position, these measurements shall be taken from the top of the uncompressed seat or the bottom of the seat
board (see Fig. 4) parallel to the back.
Restraining System Waist Restraint/Crotch Strap Test Method:
If the test model has an adjustable backrest, place it in the fully upright position.
Snugly secure the test cylinder (see Fig. 9) in the unit (see Fig. 10) with the restraint system.
Note 1—-in. (136-mm) diameter by 12-in. (304-mm) high, weighing 10 lb. ( kg), rigid material with bottom.
Note 2—The rationale for the diameter was determined by taking the average of the waist diameter converted from the waist circumference, waist breadth, and hip circumference of a 5 % 6-month-old to a 95 % 15-month-old child. Most incidents of children falling from strollers are
with children between 6 months and 15 months.
Waist Circumference
6 to 8 months 5 % diameter
12 to 15 months 95 % diameter
Waist Breadth
6 to 8 months 5 % diameter
12 to 15 months 95 % diameter
Hip Circumference
6 to 8 months 5 % diameter
12 to 15 months 95 % diameter
FIG. 9 Test Cylinder
FIG. 10 Test Cylinder in Stroller
The lower corner of the test cylinder shall be at the seat bottom/back junction with the test cylinder in full contact with the seat back. Align the waist restraint so that it is parallel with the lines on the test cylinder. Determine the location of the waist restraint anchor center point(s) by visual inspection.
With the same configuration in accordance with
, attempt to freely pass a 1-in. (25-mm) diameter probe through any space between the waist restraint system and the test cylinder.
Position the test cylinder so that the lower corner is at the seat bottom/back junction and the bottom of the test cylinder is in full contact with the seat bottom. Determine the location of the crotch anchor by visual inspection.
Position the test cylinder in accordance with . If the crotch strap is adjustable, adjust it to the maximum length. Locate the points 2-in. (50-mm) to the right and left of the center of the crotch/waist junction in accordance with . With the waist restraint adjusted to allow full extension of the crotch restraint, pull the crotch restraint to its highest point on the test cylinder.
FIG. 11 Point
Test Method for Brake Requirements:
With the brake applied, place the unit on a 12° inclined plane with a surface covered with 120-grit sandpaper or equivalent. Position the unit so that the braking wheel(s) is at the highest elevation.
Gradually place a 40-lb (-kg) weight (if designed for one child), two 40-lb weights (if designed for two children), or a weight(s) equal to the manufacturer’s recommended maximum weight, whichever is greater, in the center of the weight-bearing surface(s) of the seat or body of the unit. Maintain for 10 s.
Repeat this same test with the unit so that the braking wheel(s) is at the lowest elevation.
Occupant Retention Test Method:
Affix the unit securely so that it cannot move horizontally. If testing a stroller with a reclined carriage position, conduct the test with the back rest in all reclined positions greater than 150°.
Adjust the unit in accordance with the manufacturer’s directions to close or block leg or other completely bounded external openings.
Apply the probe shown in Fig. 6 with a force of 20 lbf (90 N) from within to all completely bounded external openings below the top edge of the occupant retention space in the direction most likely to allow the test probe to pass completely through. Apply the force gradually over 5 s and maintain for an additional 10 s.
Permanency of Labels and Warnings:
A paper label (excluding labels attached by a seam) shall be considered permanent if, during an attempt to remove it without the aid of tools or solvents, it cannot be removed, it tears into pieces upon removal, or such action damages the surface to which it is attached.
A non-paper label (excluding labels attached by a seam) shall be considered permanent if, during an attempt to
remove it without the aid of tools or solvents, it cannot be removed or such action damages the surface to which it is attached.
A warning label attached by a seam shall be considered permanent if it does not detach when subjected to a 15-lbf (67-N) pull force applied in any direction most likely to cause failure using a -in. diameter clamp surface. Apply the force evenly over 5 s and maintain for an additional 10 s.
Adhesion test for warnings applied directly onto the surface of the product.
Apply the tape test defined in Test Method B—Cross-Cut Tape Test, from Test Methods D 3359, eliminating parallel cuts.
Perform this test method once in each different location where warnings are applied.
The warning statements will be considered permanent if the printing in the area tested is still legible and attached after being subjected to this test.
A non-paper label, during an attempt to remove it without the aid of tools or solvents, shall not be removed or shall not fit entirely within the small parts cylinder defined in 16 CFR 1501 if it can be removed.
Removal of Protective Components:
Any protective component shall be tested in accordance with each of the following test methods in the sequence listed.
Secure the unit so that it cannot move during the performance of the following test methods.
Torque Test Method—A torque of 3 lbf-in. ( N-m) shall be applied evenly within a period of 5 s in a clockwise direction until a rotation of 180° from the original position has been attained or 3 lbf-in. has been exceeded. The torque or maximum rotation shall be maintained for an additional 10 s. The torque shall then be removed and the test components permitted to return to a relaxed condition. This procedure shall then be repeated in a counterclockwise direction.
Tension Test Method:
Attach a force gage to the component caps, sleeve, or plug by means of any suitable device. For components that reasonably cannot be expected to be grasped between thumb and forefinger, or teeth, on their outer diameter but has a gap of at least in. ( mm) between the rear surface of the component and the structural member of the unit to which they are attached, a clamp such as the one shown in Fig. 12 may be a suitable device.
FIG. 12 Tension Test Adaptor/Clamp
Be sure that the attachment device does not compress or expand the component so that it hinders any possible removal.
Gradually apply a 15-lbf (67-N) force in the direction that would normally be associated with the removal of the protective component over a 5-s period and hold for an additional 10 s.
The unit shall be tested by tipping it over three times (front, rear, and one side). Push the unit slowly past its center of balance and allow the unit to fall onto testing surface ().
Impact Test Method:
With the unit’s seat in the upright position, place a 40-lb (-kg) bag weight (6 to 8-in. (150 to 200-mm)
diameter using steel shot as the mass) in the restraint system. If the unit is designed for more than one child, use a 40-lb (-kg) weight in each place intended to be occupied by a child.
Attach a 5-lb (-kg) weight to the center of the handle at the grip area. For products with separate gripping handles, attach lb ( kg) to each handle. The weight shall not be allowed to swing.
Position the unit as shown in Fig. 13 with any swivel wheels as they would be if the unit was moving forward. Lock the swivel(s) if the unit has this feature.
FIG. 13 Impact Test
Release the unit, allowing it to run freely down the slope against a rigid steel stop, which is at least equal to the height of the unit’s front wheel axle(s).
Repeat the test for a total of five times. If the weight moves in the test, reposition the weight to its original position before repeating. During the test, the unit should be restrained from tipping over.
8. Marking and Labeling
Each product and its retail package shall be marked or labeled clearly and legibly to indicate the following:
The name of the manufacturer, distributor, or seller and either the place of business (city, state, and mailing
address, including zip code) or telephone number, or both.
A code mark or other means that identifies the date (month and year as a minimum) of manufacture.
The markings on the product shall be permanent.
Any upholstery label required by law shall not be used to meet the requirements of .
Each product shall have warning statements. The warning statements shall be in contrasting color(s), permanent, conspicuous, and sans serif style font.
In warning statements, the safety alert symbol “"and the word “WARNING” shall not be less than in. (5mm) high. The remainder of the text shall be characters whose upper case shall be at least in. ( mm) high except as specified.
The product shall have the following warning statements and symbols as stated in , , and as a minimum.
" WARNING Never leave child unattended.
Aproduct manufactured with a restraint system must include a permanent warning such that it is visible whenever a child is placed in the product. The warning shall read: “" WARNING Avoid serious injury from falling or sliding out. Always use seat belt (or manufacturer may insert another
word(s) to describe their restraint system).
Products with reclined carriage position(s) shall have a warning that is visible as a child is placed into the
product stating:
" WARNING Child may slip into leg openings and strangle. Never use in reclined carriage position(s) unless (manufacturer to insert product specific instructions). This warning is not required on units that do not have openings or that automatically reduce the size of all openings to comply with .
The retail product package, if provided, shall state the maximum weight of the intended user.
9. Instructional Literature
Instructions provided with the carriage, stroller, or convertible carriage/stroller, whether on the package or in
leaflet form, shall be easy to read and understand. These instructions clearly shall include assembly, maintenance, cleaning,and operating (including folding) information.
Warning Statements with the Instructional Literature:
If the unit is manufactured with a restraint system, the instructional literature shall adequately describe the procedure for the use of the restraint system and repeat the warning contained in .
The instructions shall advise that parcels or accessory items, or both, placed on the unit may cause the unit to become unstable.
The instructions shall advise that a child should never be left unattended.
For convertible carriage/strollers requiring a manual operation to comply with , the instructions shall contain the following warning: " WARNING Child may slip into leg openings and strangle. Never use in reclined carriage position(s) unless (manufacturer to insert product specific instructions).
Instructions for products supplied with package carrying accessories as part of the original equipment state the maximum weight the manufacturer recommends. These instructions must also warn that excessive weight may cause a hazardous unstable condition to exist. The instructions for products not supplied with package carrying accessories shall include warnings that unstable hazardous conditions may exist if package carrying accessories are added onto the product.
The instructions shall state the maximum weight of the intended user.
10. Keywords
carriages; strollers
APPENDIX
Nonmandatory Information
X1. RATIONALE
Rationale for Impact Test—This test is to simulate a user hitting a curb with a stroller at approximately 6 mph.
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