뗚27뻭 뗚19웚 뿆?벼?뷸?늽?폫?뛔?닟 Science & Technology Progress and PolicyOct. 2010 2010쓪10퓂 믹폚뿘훆좨뗄헾뢮춶쿮쒿춶뿘훆쾵춳퇐뺿?——틔웳튵탍듺붨쿮쒿캪샽 틼쇖ꎬ뛅퇇쇩 (쳬뷲샭릤듳톧 맜샭톧풺ꎬ쳬뷲 300384) 햪?튪ꎺ뒫춳뗄붨짨쿮쒿춶뿘훆쾵춳춨뎣뷶뻖쿞폚맜샭닣쏦ꎬ내헕쿮쒿맽돌뷸탐뮮럖ꆣ퓚뛔춶뿘훆뷸탐훘탂뷧뚨뗄믹뒡짏ꎬ붫퇐뺿쫓튰듓맜샭닣쏦췘햹떽훆뛈닣쏦ꎬ틔헾뢮뿘훆좨뗄늻춬ퟷ폃랽쪽뛔헾뢮춶쿮쒿뗄춶뿘훆쾵춳뷸탐럖닣ꎬ늢캪쎿룶닣듎뗄춶뿘훆컊쳢쳡돶헫뛔탔뗄뷢뻶랽낸ꆣ훆뛈닣쏦뗄춶뿘훆뿉듓쿮쒿훎샭뗄쫓뷇ꎬ춨맽뿘훆좨뗄럖엤뫍탐쪹살쪵쿖ꎻ맜샭닣쏦뗄춶뿘훆폐삵폚헾뢮뿘훆좨뗄째춸ꎬ듙쪹퓚좫맽돌퓬볛맜샭뗄믹뒡짏퓶볓춶뿘훆뗄탂릤뻟ꆣ평폚훆뛈퓚튻뚨돌뛈짏뛔맜샭탐캪닺짺믽벫믲쿻벫뗄펰쿬ꎬ틲듋ꎬ듓훆뛈닣쏦살뷢뻶컒맺헾뢮춶쿮쒿뗄춶뿘훆컊쳢뻟폐룼캪춻돶뗄샭싛볛횵뫍쿖쪵틢틥ꆣ 맘볼듊ꎺ헾뢮춶쿮쒿ꎻ춶뿘훆ꎻ뿘훆좨ꎻ웳튵탍듺붨쿮쒿 DOIꎺ 훐춼럖샠뫅ꎺ 틽퇔 ꏛ5ꏝ쿮쒿붨짨맽돌훐틲늻맦랶탐캪퓬돉뗄닆헾뷰샋럑뗈춶헾뢮춶쿮쒿캪헻룶짧믡뗄붡뾵솼뫃퓋쳡릩ퟅ잿듳쪧뿘쿖쿳ꆣ듳솿컄쿗뛔폚짏쫶춶쪧뿘쿖쿳뗄돉틲뷸탐뗄횧독ꆣ1998쓪ꎬ컒맺믽벫닆헾헾닟뗄쪵쪩듸살쇋헾뢮춶쇋럖컶ꎬ죧뇭1쯹쪾ꆣ 뛮뗄벱뻧퓶뎤뫍헾뢮춶쿮쒿뗄듳솿퓶볓ꎬ볓쯙놩슶쇋쿔좻ꎬ뇭1훐쯹쇐춶쪧뿘뗄돉틲럖쫴헾뢮춶쿮쒿뒫춳헾뢮춶쿮쒿맜샭쒣쪽뗄훖훖뇗뛋뫍헾뢮춶쿮쒿붨뗄룷뷗뛎ꎬ짦벰헾뢮춶쿮쒿훐뗄뛠룶샻틦쿠맘헟ꎬ늢쟒ꏛ1ꏝ짨맜샭맽돌훐듦퓚뗄춶뿘훆컊쳢ꆣ2008쓪쿂냫쓪틔살ꎬ볈냼몬춶뿘훆벼쫵뫍랽램뗈맜샭닣쏦뗄풭틲ꎬ튲냼몬헾컒맺헾뢮훘탂쪵탐믽벫뗄닆헾헾닟ꎬ틔볓듳만뚨닺춶뢮춶쿮쒿맜샭훆뛈쓋훁쳥훆닣쏦뗄풭틲ꆣ평듋뿉볻ꎬ헾살삭뚯뺭볃랢햹ꎬ떽2010쓪뗗뷶솽쓪풼춶4췲틚풪ꆣ쏦뢮춶쿮쒿뗄춶뿘훆쫇튻룶뛠닣듎ꆢ뛠훷쳥붻듭펰쿬ꆢ뛔죧듋뻞뛮뗄헾뢮춶ꎬ죧뫎뛔헾뢮춶쿮쒿뷸탐폐킧뗄쿠뮥ퟷ폃뗄쾵춳릤돌ꆣ 춶뿘훆ꎬ돉캪쒿잰폐뇘튪쟒?탨뷸탐짮죫퇐뺿뗄뿎쳢ꆣ 헾뢮춶쿮쒿춶뿘훆컄쿗ퟛ쫶 듋췢ꎬ컒맺헾뢮듓2004쓪뾪쪼뛔럇뺭펪탔헾뢮춶쿮붨짨쿮쒿춶뿘훆쫇튻룶뢴퓓뗄쾵춳릤돌ꎬ쿖폐퇐뺿ꏛ2ꏝ쒿볓뿬췆탐“듺붨훆”ꆣ2008쓪7퓂ꎬ맺볒랢햹뫍룄룯캯ꏛ6ꏝ뛠쫇틀뻝쿮쒿좫맽돌뗄뷗뛎뮮럖뷸탐뗄ꎬ힡룷뷗뛎춶풱믡뛔좫맺룷뗘쟸쪵쪩헾뢮춶쿮쒿듺붨훆뗄뷸햹쟩뿶뷸뿘훆뗄맘볼뷚뗣늢쳡돶쿠펦뗄뷢뻶랽낸ꎬ죧퓚짨볆뷗뛎탐쇋뗷닩ꆣ뷡맻쿔쪾ꎬ퓚놻뗷닩뗄47룶뢱쪡벶틔짏뗘쟸훐ꎬ췆탐쿞뛮짨볆ꎬ펦폃볛횵릤돌ꆢ퓚쪩릤맽돌훐퇏룱뿘훆릤틑뾪쪼쪵쪩듺붨훆뗄햼96ꎥꎻ뛸퓚틑뾪쪼쪵쪩듺붨훆뗄뗘돌뇤룼뗈ꆣ룃샠퇐뺿돉맻헫뛔탔뷏잿ꎬ떫춬쪱튲쪹춶뿘쟸훐ꎬ닉폃웳튵탍듺붨쒣쪽뗄뗘쟸룟듯82ꎥꆣ본폚헢튻쿖훆헢튻솬맡뗄맽돌놻룮쇑ꎬ쓑틔듯떽좫맽돌뗄ퟮ폅춶뿘쪵ힴ뿶ꎬ놾컄뷶틔웳튵탍듺붨쿮쒿캪샽ꎬ첽쳖헾뢮춶쿮훆ꆣ틲듋ꎬ쇭폐컄쿗붫튻킩쾵춳뮯뗄맜샭샭쓮뫍랽램퓋폃쒿춶뿘훆쾵춳ꆣ ꏛ7ꏝ폚붨짨쿮쒿뗄춶뿘훆ꎬ죧컢톧뻼뗈붫좫짺쏼훜웚뗄쮼1 헾뢮춶쿮쒿춶뿘훆뗄쿖ힴ럖컶 쿫틔벰벯돉뮯맜샭샭싛틽죫듳탍붨짨쿮쒿뗄춶뿘훆ꆣ 쿔좻ꎬ짏쫶퇐뺿뻹캪뻟폐웕쫊탔뗄맜샭닣쏦뗄춶뿘 컒맺헾뢮춶쿮쒿춶뿘훆뗄쿖ힴ 쒿잰ꎬ컒맺헾뢮춶쿮쒿웕뇩듦퓚쿮쒿쪵볊춶ퟜ뛮훆ꆣ쯦ퟅ퇐뺿뗄늻뛏짮죫뫍쪵볹뗄늻뛏랢햹ꎬ맺쓚췢뗄듳 쫕룥죕웚ꎺ2010–08–17 ()믹뷰쿮쒿ꎺ맺볒ퟔ좻뿆톧믹뷰쿮쒿70772058 ()ퟷ헟볲뷩ꎺ틼쇖1957–ꎬ쓐ꎬ즽뚫욽틵죋ꎬ늩쪿ꎬ뷌쫚ꎬ늩쪿짺떼쪦ꎬ쳬뷲샭릤듳톧맜샭톧풺풺뎤ꎬ쳬뷲샭릤듳톧릫릲쿮쒿폫릤돌퓬()()볛퇐뺿쯹IPPCE쯹뎤ꎬ퇐뺿랽쿲캪릫릲쿮쒿춶폫맜샭ꎻ뛅퇇쇩1981–ꎬ얮ꎬ뫓놱쪯볒죋ꎬ늩쪿ꎬ쳬뷲샭릤듳톧맜샭톧풺붲쪦ꎬ퇐뺿랽쿲캪릫릲쿮쒿춶폫맜샭ꆣ
뿆벼뷸늽폫뛔닟 2010쓪?· 104 · 뇭1?컒맺헾뢮춶쿮쒿붨짨좫맽돌훐떼훂춶쪧뿘뗄틲쯘 뷗뛎 춶쪧뿘돉틲 뻟쳥뇭쿖 뿉탐탔싛 뿉탐탔싛횤좱랦뿆톧탔ꆢ뿍맛탔ꎬ뿉탐탔퇐뺿놨룦룱쪽늻맦랶ꎬ쓚죝늻쿪쾸 횤늻돤럖 뎤맙틢횾ꆢ헾벨릤돌쮼쿫펰쿬퇏훘ꎬ“뿉엺탔”놨룦쿖쿳퇏훘 톯움맀뫍볒움짳짐늻돉쫬ꎬ췹췹펭뫏쇬떼틢춼ꎬ좱랦뛀솢탔뫍쪵쫂쟳쫇뗄첬뛈 잰웚뷗뛎춶뻶닟돌탲믬싒ꎬ춶뿘훆틢쪶늻잿 뾱달짨볆 잰웚뗘훊쇏늻ퟣꎬ뾱달짨볆짮뛈늻릻 훊솿늻듯뇪 짨볆뺫뛈늻룟ꎬ짨볆춼횽듦퓚슩뚴 릤돌룅쯣 뇠훆훐죋캪틲쯘펰쿬뷏듳ꎬ떼훂짨볆룅쯣욫룟믲욫뗍 좱랦풼쫸솦 짨볆룅쯣뇠훆맽폚듖닚뫍볲떥ꎬ릤돌룅쯣볆볛늻ힼ좷 볆볛쒣쪽늻췪짆ꎬ뚨뛮폫릤돌솿쟥떥좱랦쿎뷓ꎬ웳튵뚨뛮늻췪짆 릤돌뚨뛮뻟폐뺲첬탔ꆢ볆뮮탔ꆢ훍뫳탔ꎬ쓑틔ힼ좷랴펳쪵볊춶 짨볆훊솿닮 잰웚쇏늻돤럖쪹짨볆듭ꆢ슩쿮쿖쿳퇏훘ꎬ죝틗퓬돉듳솿뇤룼떼훂뫳웚춶퓶볓 짨볆뷗뛎짨볆폫쪩릤췑뷚ꎬ뿉쪩릤탔뗍 벼쫵폫뺭 짨볆죋풱맽폚훘쫓탂벼쫵ꆢ탂릤틕뗄퓋폃ꎬ캴돤럖뾼싇쿮쒿뗄쫊펦탔ꎬ췹췹떼훂춶욫룟ꎬ좱랦춶뿘훆틢볃쿠럖샫 쪶 뛠랽낸뗄뇈톡ꆢ쿞뛮짨볆ꆢ볛횵맜샭뗈춶뿘훆쫖뛎펦폃늻돉쫬 짨볆떥캻좱랦뿘훆춶뗄뚯솦폫톹솦 릤돌헐뇪 헐춶뇪돌탲늻맦랶ꎬ헐뇪랶캧늻좷뚨ꎬ뒮뇪ꆢ낵뇪뗈ힴ뿶욵욵돶쿖 헐춶뇪뷗뛎늻맦랶 릤돌헐춶뇪맽돌훐죋캪룉죅틲쯘뷏뛠ꎬ탐헾룉풤맽뛠 붨짨떥캻헐뇪탐캪늻맦랶ꎬ듦퓚쳓뇜헐뇪ꆢ탩볙헐뇪뗈늻맦랶탐캪 헐뇪킧싊뗍쿂 뇪뗗볛룱뇠훆ꆢ움뇪랽램늻샻폚맄샸춶뇪죋뗄릫욽뺺헹 뫏춬컄놾늻췪쪩릤뫏춬톡퓱늻쫊틋ꎬ컄놾쓚죝늻췪놸ꎬ뫏춬쳵뿮늻쟥컺ꎬ짐캴탎돉헾뢮춶쿮쒿뗄뇪ힼ뫏춬컄놾 놸 뫏춬맜샭쮮욽뫏춬횴탐맽돌훐맜샭늻퇏ꎬ뇤룼ꆢ잩횤늻맦랶ꎬ떼훂듳솿뗄뇤룼뫍쯷엢ꎬ퓬돉춶퓶볓 뗍 릤돌볛뿮 릤돌뇤룼볛뿮볆쯣늻ힼ좷ꎬ볛뿮횧뢶늻벰쪱ꎬ펰쿬릤돌뷸뛈 쪩릤뷗뛎뷰맜샭 EVA뗈쿈뷸뗄뷰맜샭릤뻟뫍닆컱맜샭쫖뛎짐캴맣랺닉폃 듦퓚뷰뷘쇴ꆢ얲폃뗈캥맦쟩뿶 쿮쒿볠샭 릤돌볠샭훆횴탐늻맦랶ꎬ릤돌잩횤떥돶뻟늻뫏샭 킧맻늻쏷쿔 볠샭떥캻쮮욽뗍쿂ꎬ훘훊솿쟡춶ꎬ볠뚽ퟷ폃늻쏷쿔 릤돌쯷엢 릤돌쯷엢틀뻝늻돤럖ꎬ쯷엢풭틲늻쏷좷ꎬ쯷엢뷰뛮늻좷뚨 릤돌랴쯷엢릤ퟷ뒦샭늻돤럖 뾢릤 뾢릤퇩쫕 릤돌뷡쯣랶캧믬싒ꎬ뾢릤뫳놣탞랶캧늻좷뚨 뷗뛎 벰놣탞 쿮쒿뻶쯣뮷뷚ꎬ뎬뛮룅쯣ꎬ죎틢첧룟퓬볛 ()솿퇐뺿훰붥죏쪶떽ꎬ붨짨쿮쒿ꎬ쳘뇰쫇헾뢮춶쿮쒿춶3훆뛈닣쏦뗄춶뿘훆퇐뺿솽벫럖뮯ꆣ튻늿럖쫇듓뫪쪧뿘뗄뫜듳튻늿럖풭틲쫇쿮쒿맜샭벼쫵쯹컞램뷢뻶뗄ꆣ샽맛뷇뛈헫뛔춶쪧뿘뗄풭틲쳡돶쿠펦뗄헾닟붨틩ꎬ떫좱랦ꏛ8ꏝ죧ꎬ캪쇋쪹쿮쒿놻엺ힼ붨짨뛸햽쫵탔뗘붵뗍춶맀쯣ꆢ샭싛짮뛈ꎻ쇭튻늿럖쫇듓캢맛쫓뷇뻍춶뿘훆뗄쒳튻쾸뷚ꏛ9ꏝ춶쿮쒿맜샭훷쳥탐캪늻맦랶쟒좱랦뿘훆춶뗄뚯솦컊쳢뷸탐짮죫럖컶ꎬ떫웤뷢뻶랽낸좱랦폫헻룶춶뿘훆쾵뗈ꆣ틲듋ꎬ폐뇘튪붫퇐뺿쫓뷇평맜샭닣쏦췘햹떽훆뛈닣쏦ꎬ춳뗄킭뗷탔ꆣ 춨맽폅뮯붨짨쿮쒿훷튪닎폫훷쳥뗄좨퓰샻엤훃벰놣횤쿮쒿쪵쪩뗄룷훖훆뛈낲업살쪵쿖춶뿘훆쒿뇪ꆣ늿럖퇐뺿헫뛔2 웳튵탍듺붨쿮쒿춶뿘훆쾵춳뗄릹붨 춶쪧뿘뗄풭틲ꎬ쳡돶쇋헾닟붨틩뫍펦뛔닟싔ꎬ죧붨솢퓰ꏛ10ꏝꏛ11ꏝ쾵춳쫇캪쪵쿖쒳튻쒿뇪뛸평튻좺룶쳥쿠뮥맘솪릹돉뗄죎ힷ뺿훆뛈ꆢ쇩믮톡퓱뫏춬샠탍ꆢ퇏룱횴탐뻶닟짳ꏛ14ꏝꏛ12ꏝ벯뫏ꆣ틲듋ꎬ튻룶쾵춳뗄릹붨쫗쿈탨튪쏷좷웤쒿뇪ꆢ쓚엺훆뛈ꎬ떫룃샠퇐뺿뻹좱랦샭싛짮뛈ꎻ튲폐컄쿗톡뚨훆죝벰맘솪맘쾵ꆣ웳튵탍듺붨쿮쒿춶뿘훆쾵춳뗄쒿뇪ퟔ좻뛈닣쏦뗄쒳튻쾸뷚짮죫럖컶춶뿘훆뗄뻟쳥춾뺶ꎬ죧쏷좷ꏛ13ꏝ쫇뷚풼헾뢮춶ꎬ쳡룟웤샻폃킧싊ꎻ춶뿘훆뗄쓚죝뫍맘뚨틥쿮쒿ퟩ횯뗄횰쓜럖릤ꎬ떫뷶쫇튻킩쿠뮥뛀솢뗄퇐뺿솪맘쾵퓲럖뇰짦벰춶뿘훆룅쓮뗄뷧뚨틔벰춶뿘훆쾵춳뗣ꎬ캴뾼싇쯼쏇폫헻룶춶뿘훆쾵춳뗄뫏ꆣ 붨솢쯹ퟱ톭뗄훷쿟ꆣ 평듋뿉볻ꎬ붨짨쿮쒿춶뿘훆랽쏦뗄퇐뺿쿖ힴ돊쿖죧 뛔춶뿘훆룅쓮뗄훘탂죏쪶 쿂쳘뗣ꎺ ()1뛔폚붨짨쿮쒿춶뿘훆쾵춳훷튪듓쪱볤캬뛈뮮럖ꎬ내쿖폐컄쿗튻냣붫춶뿘훆컊쳢돆캪“춶쪧뿘”ꆢ“춶쿮쒿뷗뛎럖뇰뷸탐퇐뺿ꆣ헢훖춶뿘훆쾵춳뗄뮮럖랽램믘뇜뿘훆쪧냜”ꆢ“돉놾쪧뿘”믲“죽뎬”뗈ꎬ틢횸퓚틔쿮쒿뗄돵늽쇋헾뢮춶쿮쒿훐샻틦쿠맘헟맘쾵뛔폚춶뿘훆뗄펰쿬ꆣ 짨볆룅쯣캪춶뿘훆틀뻝뫍쒿뇪뗄쟩뿶쿂ꎬ쿮쒿뗄쪵볊춶()2틔맜샭닣쏦뗄춶뿘훆퇐뺿캪훷ꆣ붫헾뢮춶쿮쒿룟폚쿮쒿룅쯣뗄쿖쿳ꆣ좻뛸ꎬ듓럧쿕맜샭뗄뷇뛈살뾴ꎬꏛ15ꏝ뗄춶뿘훆쫓캪쿮쒿맜샭떥캻뗄죎컱ꎬ맘힢쿮쒿춶뿘훆평폚헾뢮춶쿮쒿붨짨맽돌훐뗄늻좷뚨탔ꎬ틔돤싺늻좷뗄웕쫊탔랽램뫍벼쫵ꎬ뛸뫶쫓쇋헾뢮퓚헾뢮춶쿮쒿춶뚨탔뗄뺲첬쒿뇪캪움에쿮쒿맜샭떥캻춶맜샭킧맻뗄뇪ힼ뿘훆훐쓜뚯탔뗄랢믓ꆣ 폐쪧욫웄ꆣ틲듋ꎬ놾컄죏캪뛔춶뿘훆뗄헢튻뷧뚨듦퓚튻
뗚??웚?틼쇖ꎬ뛅퇇쇩ꎺ믹폚뿘훆좨뗄헾뢮춶쿮쒿춶뿘훆쾵춳퇐뺿?· 105 · 뚨뗄뻖쿞탔ꆣ 뛔폚웳튵탍듺붨쿮쒿뛸퇔ꎬ헾뢮틲쳡릩훘튪춶뛸펵듓뿘훆싛뗄뷇뛈살뾴ꎬ뿘훆맽돌쫇짨솢쒿뇪폫놣횤쒿뇪폐쿮쒿뿘훆좨ꎬ뛔쿮쒿뗄춶뿘훆웰뻶뚨탔ퟷ폃ꆣ좻뛸ꎬ쪵쿖뗄춳튻ꆣ틲듋ꎬ춶뿘훆늻뷶냼몬뗷뷚쾵춳쫤돶폫뇪ힼ평폚헾뢮쫇쿲듺붨떥캻릺싲튵뮯쿮쒿맜샭럾컱ꎬ평듺붨ꏛ16ꏝ횵횮볤뗄욫닮헢튻맽돌ꎬ뮹냼삨뛔헾뢮춶쿮쒿춶쒿떥캻췪돉쿮쒿뗄붨짨맜샭릤ퟷꆣ틲듋ꎬ헾뢮뇘탫붫늿럖뿘뇪뗄좷뚨헢튻맘볼뮷뷚ꆣ믹폚듋ꎬ놾컄붫헾뢮춶쿮쒿뗄춶훆좨죃뛉룸듺붨떥캻ꆣ헢퇹ꎬ헾뢮죧뫎퓚뛾헟횮볤럖엤쿮뿘훆뷧뚨캪ꎺ쿮쒿춶ퟜ쒿뇪뗄뫏샭좷뚨틔벰퓚헢튻쒿뇪쒿뿘훆좨늢놣횤쮫랽뿘훆좨뗄돤럖랢믓ꎬ벴돉캪춶뿘훆풼쫸쿂뛔쿮쒿춶뗄맜샭폫뗷뷚ꆣ춬쪱ꎬ탨튪잿뗷뗄쫇ꎬ붨뗄맘볼ꆣ폐본폚듋ꎬ놾컄붫뿘훆좨ퟷ캪헾뢮춶쿮쒿춶짨쿮쒿맜샭훐뗄훊솿ꆢ춶ꆢ뷸뛈죽듳쒿뇪쫇쿠뮥훆풼뗄ꎬ뿘훆쾵춳뗄훷쿟ꆣ 뛔헾뢮춶쿮쒿뗄춶뿘훆늻쓜틔컾짼웤쯼쒿뇪캪듺볛ꆣ 춶뿘훆쾵춳벰웤럖닣 춶뿘훆쾵춳훷쿟뗄좷뚨 듺붨뫏춬쫇웳튵탍듺붨쿮쒿춶뿘훆쾵춳뗄뫋탄ꎬ춨웳튵탍듺붨쿮쒿뗄훎샭쫇맺볒쯹폐좨뫍쮽죋쯹폐좨믬맽뫏샭뗘짨볆듺붨뫏춬ꎬ헾뢮붫뻶닟뺭펪뿘훆좨죃뛉룸ꏛ17ꏝ뫏믲헟솪뫏뗄훎샭ꎬ웤춶뿘훆짦벰릫쮽쮫랽ꆣ뛸늻췪튵뮯뗄듺붨떥캻ꎬ평웤살췪돉붨짨맜샭릤ퟷꎬ뛸헾뢮놣쇴()좫웵풼샭싛GHM죏캪ꎬ펦평쳡릩훘튪춶뗄튻랽펵폐뿘쳘뚨뿘훆좨ퟮ뫋탄뗄늿럖——뻶닟뿘훆뗄뿘훆좨ꎬ펰쿬뫍ꏛ18ꏝ훆좨ꎬ벴퓚춶뿘훆훐웰떽훷떼ퟷ폃ꆣ뿘훆좨쫇캧죆“뻶볠맜듺붨떥캻ꎬ틔놣횤헾뢮춶쿮쒿뗄릫틦탔쒿뇪ꆣ훁폚닟”맽돌뗄튻쾵쇐좨솦ꎬ뻶닟맽돌뿉럖캪4룶뷗뛎ꎺ쳡틩ꆢ웳튵탍듺붨쿮쒿뗄쪣폠뿘훆좨퓲컣펹훃틉뗘맩헾뢮펵폐ꆣ짳엺ꆢ횴탐뫍볠뚽ꆣ웤훐쳡틩뫍횴탐캪뻶닟뺭펪ꎬ뛔쯼쏇퓚쯦뫳뗄붨짨맜샭맽돌훐ꎬ헾뢮춨맽“듺붨뫏춬+뾱달짨볆/닺짺쪵훊탔펰쿬뗄뿘훆좨캪뻶닟뺭펪뗄뿘훆좨ꎻ짳엺뫍볠쪩릤뗈뫏춬”ꎬ붫웤쯹펵폐뗄뿘훆좨째춸훁뾱달짨볆ꆢ쪩릤뚽캪뻶닟뿘훆ꎬ뛔쯼쏇닺짺쪵훊탔펰쿬뗄뿘훆좨벴뻶닟뿘뗈떥캻뗄뻟쳥붨짨맜샭릤ퟷ훐ꎬ듓뛸뎹뗗쪵쿖웤뛔웳튵탍ꏛ19ꏝ훆뗄뿘훆좨ꆣ쇭췢ꎬ늻췪좫웵풼샭싛죏캪ꎬ웵풼탔뗄뿘듺붨쿮쒿뗄춶뿘훆ꆣ평듋뿉볻ꎬ룹뻝웤뿘훆좨뗄ퟷ폃랽훆좨럖캪쳘뚨뿘훆좨뫍쪣폠뿘훆좨ꎬ잰헟쫇횸쓇훖쓜퓚쫂쪽늻춬ꎬ헾뢮뛔웳튵탍듺붨쿮쒿뗄춶뿘훆쾵춳뿉뮮럖캪3()잰춨맽웵풼볓틔쏷좷맦뚨뗄뿘훆좨ꎬ뫳헟쫇횸쓇훖쫂잰쎻룶닣듎죧춼1쯹쪾ꎬ룷닣듎춶뿘훆뗄횴탐훷쳥늻춬ꎬ춶ꏛ19ꏝ폐퓚웵풼훐쏷좷맦뚨뗄뻶닟좨ꆣ 뿘훆뗄쪵쿖춾뺶쿠뮥쟸뇰ꎬ죧뇭2쯹쪾ꆣ 춼1?웳튵탍듺붨쿮쒿춶뿘훆쾵춳볜릹 ()힢ꎺ룹뻝ꆶ놱뺩쫐헾뢮춶붨짨쿮쒿듺붨훆맜샭냬램쫔탐ꆷ쏨쫶쿮쒿퓋ퟷ쇷돌벰늻춬닎폫랽횮볤뗄맘쾵ꆣ뇭2?웳튵탍듺붨쿮쒿춶뿘훆쾵춳뗄닣듎뮮럖 닣듎쏻돆 헾뢮뿘훆좨뗄ퟷ폃랽쪽 닎폫랽 춶뿘훆뗄횴탐헟 춶뿘훆춾뺶 쯹쫴랶돫 탐헾볠맜닣 헾뢮탐쪹뻶닟뿘훆뗄뿘훆좨 헾뢮룷횰쓜늿쏅쪹폃떥캻 헾뢮 짳엺뫍볠뚽 훆뛈닣쏦 웵풼훎샭닣 헾뢮죃뛉뻶닟뺭펪뗄뿘훆좨랢햹룄룯늿쏅ꆢ쪹폃떥캻벰웤헐뇪뗄랢햹룄룯늿쏅 뿆톧톡퓱듺붨떥캻뫍뫏샭짨늢놣횤웤탐쪹 듺붨떥캻 볆듺붨뫏춬 붨짨맜샭닣 헾뢮뿘훆좨뗄째춸 듺붨떥캻벰웤헐뇪뗄뾱달짨볆/볠샭/듺붨떥캻 좫맽돌퓬볛맜샭 맜샭닣쏦 쪩릤떥캻뫍짨놸닄쇏릩펦짌 뻶닟폫짳닩
뿆벼뷸늽폫뛔닟 2010쓪?· 106 · 뫍릤뻟뷢뻶ꆣ쿮쒿훎샭뗄룅쓮탋웰폚20쫀볍쒩ꎬ맺췢뗄퇐ꏛ20ꏝ3() 웳튵탍듺붨쿮쒿춶뿘훆쾵춳뷢컶 뺿훷튪헫뛔쿮쒿탍ퟩ횯project-based organizationꎬ뛸ꏛ21ꏝ()맺쓚뗄퇐뺿퓲훷튪헫뛔릫릲쿮쒿냼삨헾뢮춶쿮쒿ꆣ죧뇭2쯹쪾ꎬ웳튵탍듺붨쿮쒿춶뿘훆쾵춳뿉뮮럖캪훎샭뗄놾훊벴캪쇋“킭뗷샻틦쿠맘헟횮볤뗄맘쾵ꎬ뮯뷢샻틦탔훊늻춬뗄솽룶퇐뺿닣쏦ꎬ탐헾볠맜닣뫍웵풼훎샭닣뻹캪쿠맘헟횮볤뗄샻틦돥춻”뛸뷸탐뗄튻쾵쇐훆뛈닣쏦뗄믮뚯ꆣ듓훆뛈닣쏦살쪵쿖웳튵탍듺붨쿮쒿뗄춶뿘훆ꎻ뛸붨짨맜(쿮쒿훎샭뿉놻뚨틥캪ꎬ춨맽튻쳗훆뛈쳥쾵냼몬튻쾵쇐헽쪽샭닣퓲쫇퓚짏쫶볈뚨뗄훆뛈뿲볜쿂ꎬ듓쿮쒿맜샭탐캪닣쏦)믲럇헽쪽ꆢ쓚늿믲췢늿뗄훆뛈믲믺훆살붨솢늢캬돖쿮쒿붻살쪵쿖웳튵탍듺붨쿮쒿뗄춶뿘훆ꆣ캪쇋폐킧뗘뷸탐헾뢮틗훐뗄튻훖솼뫃훈탲뗄맽돌ꆣ 춶쿮쒿뗄춶뿘훆ꎬ늻춬닣쏦뗄컊쳢펦닉좡“뛔횢”뗄뷢 쓚죝 뻶냬램ꆣ놾컄죏캪ꎬ훆뛈닣쏦뿉퓋폃릫릲쿮쒿훎샭뗄샭싛헆컕뻶닟뿘훆좨뗄헾뢮훷튪춨맽짳엺뫍볠뚽뷸탐웳튵뫍랽램살럖컶웤춶뿘훆ꎬ뛸맜샭닣쏦뿉퓋폃쿮쒿맜샭ꎬ탍듺붨쿮쒿뗄춶뿘훆ꎬ쇭췢탨튪짨훃헾뢮내헕맦뚨뷸탐쳘뇰쫇좫맽돌퓬볛맜샭뗄샭싛뫍랽램살럖컶웤춶뿘훆ꆣ 짳엺뫍볠뚽뗄훆뛈놣헏ꎬ벴퓰죎ힷ뺿훆뛈ꎻ헾뢮죃뛉뻶닟 훆뛈닣쏦뗄춶뿘훆 뺭펪뗄뿘훆좨룸듺붨떥캻ꎬ늢춨맽톡만폐쓜솦폅탣뗄듺 샭싛틀뻝ꎺ쿮쒿훎샭 붨떥캻뫍돤럖벤랢볈뚨듺붨떥캻뗄만폐쓜솦솽랽쏦뷸탐춶뛔폚훆뛈닣쏦뗄춶뿘훆컊쳢ퟔ좻튪폃뺭볃톧뗄랶쪽뿘훆ꆣ훆뛈닣쏦춶뿘훆뗄뻟쳥쓚죝죧뇭3쯹쪾ꆣ 뇭3?웳튵탍듺붨쿮쒿훆뛈닣쏦뗄춶뿘훆 뇈뷏쿮닣듎벰웤쓚죝 헫뛔뗄뿘훆좨 ퟷ폃 ퟷ폃믺샭 뛔쿮쒿뗄횸떼탎쪽 탐짳엺믺훆 헾뢮쯹펵폐뗄뻶폐킧뿘훆헾뢮돐떣뗄늿럖럧쿕ꎬ캬뮤릫퓚춶뿘훆뗄맘볼뷚뗣뛔듺붨떥캻뗄웳튵탍듺붨쿮쒿뗄헾닟뿘훆뗄뿘훆좨 릲샻틦 쳡틩뷸탐훘뗣냑맘 짳엺쇷돌 볠볠뚽믺훆 폐킧틖훆듺붨떥캻뗄믺믡훷틥탐캪ꎬ뮺헾뢮룷횰쓜늿쏅퓚듺붨떥캻횴탐맽돌헾뢮룷횰쓜늿쏅횰맜뷢릫릲쿮쒿뗄쿈쳬“벤샸늻ퟣ” 훐룷뢺웤퓰ꆢ뮥쿠훆뫢 퓰뮮럖 닣 퓰죎ힷ뺿믺훆 놣횤헾뢮룷횰쓜늿쏅돤럖뫏샭뗘퓋폃웤틀뻝좨퓰뛔뗈풭퓲ꎬ췾짥뫍돍랣헾뢮룷헾뢮춶쿮쒿퓰죎쯹펵폐뗄좨솦럾컱폚웳튵탍듺붨쿮쒿 횰쓜늿쏅 ힷ뺿냬램 웵듺붨떥캻 헾뢮죃뛉룸듺붨톡퓱ퟮ폐쓜솦뗄듺붨떥캻 듺붨떥캻짹폾+쫐뎡뺺헹=듺붨떥캻뗄듺붨떥캻헐뇪랽쪽풼톡울믺훆 떥캻뗄뻶닟뺭펪짧믡놾 벰헐뇪컄볾 훎듺붨맜샭 뿘훆좨 쪹듺붨떥캻ퟮ듳쿞뛈뗘랢믓웤쯹만폐틔좡럑랽램ꆢ쿠펦붱돍ꆢ쿠맘퓰죎캪믹듺붨뫏춬랶놾 샭좡럑믺훆 뗄쓜솦 뗣ꎬ붫듺붨떥캻쫕틦폫웤럾컱쫽솿뫍훊닣 솿맒릳 럧쿕럖떣 럧쿕쯹뻟폐뗄샻틦폫쯰쪧뗄솽훘탔ꎬ듺믺훆 붨떥캻쟷쿲샻틦ꆢ믘뇜쯰쪧뗄ퟔ좻쫴탔듺붨떥캻 붫듺붨떥캻릤ퟷ훊솿폫웤놾쿮쒿훐뗄붱돍믺훆 쫕틦뫍캴살뗄잱퓚쫕틦맒릳 맜샭닣쏦뗄춶뿘훆 붥죏쪶떽ꎬ뷶뾿쪩릤뷗뛎뗄퓬볛맜샭풶풶늻쓜싺ퟣ뛔릤돌쿮쒿퓬볛뫍춶뗄뿘훆튪쟳ꎬ춶뿘훆뗄맘볼퓚폚뻶닟폫 샭싛틀뻝ꎺ좫맽돌퓬볛맜샭 ()짨볆뷗뛎듺붨쿮쒿뗄잰웚릤ퟷꆣ틲듋ꎬ퓚웳튵탍듺붨쿮쒿듺붨쿮쒿뿉틔럖뷗뛎듺붨ꎬ틠뿉좫맽돌듺붨ꎬ헾뢮캯훐ꎬ헾뢮뿘훆좨탨튪째춸훁쿮쒿붨짨맜샭뗄좫맽돌ꎬ훷튪()췐듺붨떥캻냼삨잰웚릤ퟷ듺샭떥캻뫍붨짨쪵쪩듺붨떥캻()럖캪쿮쒿잰웚냼삨뿉탐탔퇐뺿뫍짨볆뫍쪩릤뷗뛎ꎬ헢튲헽뗄릤ퟷ듓뿉탐탔퇐뺿뾪쪼횱훁뾢릤퇩쫕ꎬ벸뫵몭룇쇋헾뢮쫇럖뷗뛎듺붨뗄쪵쪩ힴ뿶ꆣ 춶쿮쒿붨짨맜샭뗄좫맽돌ꎬ웤볤뗄룷쿮릤ퟷ뻹믡펰쿬떽 쓚죝벰웤춶뿘훆릤뻟 쿮쒿뗄춶뿘훆ꆣ듓붨짨쿮쒿뗄뻟쳥붨짨맜샭맽돌살뾴ꎬ쿮쒿춶훷튪랴펳캪릤돌퓬볛ꆣ붨짨쿮쒿쫇튻룶맽돌ꎬ틲헾뢮뛔폚웳튵탍듺붨쿮쒿붨짨맜샭닣뗄춶뿘훆훷튪ꏛ22ꏝ듋ꎬ웤퓬볛뗄좷뚨폫뿘훆튲쫇튻룶맽돌ꆣ뒫춳틢틥짏뗄춨맽짳엺뫍볠뚽살쪵쿖ꎬ헾뢮뿘훆좨퓚붨짨맜샭닣뗄째춸ꎬ릤돌퓬볛맜샭뷶뻖쿞폚쿮쒿뗄쪩릤뷗뛎ꎬ듓뛸떼훂춶뿘쓜릻좷놣듺붨떥캻퓶잿춶뿘훆틢쪶ꆢ퓋폃탂탍뗄춶뿘()훆뗄킧싊늻룟ꆣ쯦ퟅ릤돌퓬볛맜샭뗄뷸튻늽랢햹ꎬ죋쏇훰훆릤뻟쪵쿖춶뿘훆쒿뇪죧뇭4쯹쪾ꆣ 뇭4?웳튵탍듺붨쿮쒿룷뷗뛎춶뿘훆뗄쓚죝벰릤뻟 뷗뛎 쿮쒿잰웚 솽뷗뛎뗄쿎뷓 쪩릤뷗뛎 훷튪릤ퟷ쓚죝() 뿉탐탔퇐뺿ꆢ짨볆돵늽짨볆뫍쪩릤춼짨볆 짨볆폫쪩릤뗄벯돉 풤뢶뿮ꆢ볆솿횧뢶ꆢ뇤룼ꆢ뗷볛ꆢ쯷엢ꆢ잩횤ꆢ뷡쯣뗈 뒫춳뗄춶뿘훆릤뻟 볛횵릤돌ꆢ쿞뛮짨볆 헐뇪춶뇪 뫏춬맜샭 춶뿘훆뗄탂릤뻟()() 볛횵맜샭VM 뿉쪩릤탔럧쿕맜샭RM ()Constructability뗄싺ퟣ ()()1쿮쒿잰웚뗄춶뿘훆ꆣ랢듯맺볒헾뢮춶쿮쒿춶훘퓚쿮쒿잰웚퓋폃볛횵맜샭Value ManagementꎬVM헢튻뿘훆뗄돶랢뗣벴캪쿮쒿퓶볓볛횵ꎬ퓚쿮쒿좫짺쏼훜웚훐ꎬ춶뿘훆탂릤뻟살퓶볓쿮쒿볛횵ꆢ쯵복돉놾ꆣ좻뛸ꎬ쿮쒿잰웚맦뮮짨볆뷗뛎쫇쿮쒿퓶횵믺믡ퟮ듳뗄뷗뛎ꎬ튲쫇뛔돉뗄샻틦쿠맘헟믡뛔쿮쒿뗄쒿뇪뫍뷡맻쪩볓펰쿬ꎬ뷸뛸믡펰놾펰쿬ퟮ듳뗄뷗뛎ꆣ틲듋ꎬ헾뢮춶쿮쒿뗄춶뿘훆펦힢쿬쿮쒿볛횵ꆣ틲듋ꎬ볛횵맜샭릤뻟펦폃뗄뫋탄벴춨맽샻틦
뗚??웚?틼쇖ꎬ뛅퇇쇩ꎺ믹폚뿘훆좨뗄헾뢮춶쿮쒿춶뿘훆쾵춳퇐뺿?· 107 · ()()쿠맘헟럖컶좷뚨쿮쒿볛횵죧춼2쯹쪾ꆣ 2쪩릤뷗뛎뗄춶뿘훆ꆣ붨짨쿮쒿쪩릤뷗뛎뗄풤뢶뿮ꆢ 춼2?헾뢮춶쿮쒿볛횵뗄좷뚨볆솿횧뢶ꆢ뇤룼ꆢ뗷볛ꆢ쯷엢ꆢ잩횤ꆢ뷡쯣뗈뻟쳥퓬볛맜헻쳥뾴ꎬ뿉쪩릤탔퇐뺿뗄춶믘놨싊뿉틔룟듯10ꆫ20놶ꆣ샭릤ퟷꎬ뻹믡뛔릤돌퓬볛틔벰쿮쒿춶닺짺펰쿬ꆣ듓붨짨컒맺쿖뷗뛎폐틢쪶뗘펦폃뿉쪩릤탔뷸탐쿮쒿붨짨뗄뫜짙ꎬ쿮쒿뗄붻틗맽돌살뾴ꎬ듺붨떥캻춨맽헐뇪톡퓱돐냼짌ꎬ춨쟒평폚쫜컒맺붨훾쳥훆뗄훆풼ꎬ튲컞램헽뎣쪹폃뿉쪩릤탔맽첸에좷뚨쿮쒿뗄붻틗볛룱늢퓚뫏춬훐풼뚨ꆣ퓚붨짨쿮쒿퇐뺿ꎬ떫튻킩뺫쏷뗄튵훷퓚컞틢쪶뗄쟩뿶쿂좴퓚늻뛏뗘퓋쪩릤뷗뛎횴탐풤뢶뿮ꆢ볆솿횧뢶ꆢ잩횤ꆢ뷡쯣뗈릤ퟷꎬ떫폃쯼ꆣ죧ꎺ튵훷캪쇋복짙쪩릤뷗뛎뗄뇤룼ꆢ략릤뫍뫳웚컯평폚붨짨쿮쒿쪵쪩뗄뢴퓓탔ꆢ뎤웚탔뫍뚯첬탔뗈쳘뗣ꎬ퓚튵맜샭ꎬ퓚잰웚룅쓮짨볆뷗뛎ꎬ쳘틢톡퓱튻킩폐쪩릤맜샭뫏춬싄탐뗄맽돌훐ꎬ릤돌뇤룼ꆢ뫏춬볛뿮뗷헻뫍쯷엢뚼쫇뺭퇩뗄뢴뫏탍짨볆떥캻뷸탐짨볆ꆣ 늻뿉뇜쏢뗄ꆣ듓쿮쒿춶탎돉뗄뷇뛈뾴ꎬ튵훷뛔쿮쒿붨짨 훆뛈폫맜샭닣쏦춶뿘훆뗄뇈뷏 뗄횧돖벴뫏춬뷡쯣볛=뫏춬볛+뫏춬볛뿮뗷헻ꆣ죧춼3쯹쪾ꎬ쿠맘퇐뺿쿔쪾ꎬ폫닺튵ퟩ횯샭싛훐뗄뺭뗤샭싛럖컶랶듓훐늻쓑뾴돶ꎬ릤돌뇤룼ꆢ볛뿮뗷헻틔벰릤돌쯷엢쫇죽듳쪽——SCP랶쪽쯹뷒쪾뗄맦싉쿠쯆ꎬ헾뢮춶쿮쒿훐춬퇹ꏛ23ꏝ훷튪틲쯘ꎬ튲쫇헾뢮뿘훆춶뗄죽듳맘볼틲쯘ꆣ (듦퓚ퟅ“훎샭→맜샭→벨킧” Governance-Management-Per-)()(formanceꎬGMP헢튻맘쾵ꎬ벴훎샭훆뛈닣쏦춨맽맜샭맜ꏛ26ꏝ)()샭닣쏦볤뷓릱쿗폚벨킧냼삨춶뿘훆쒿뇪뗄쪵쿖ꆣ틲듋ꎬ쿠뛔폚맜샭닣쏦뗄춶뿘훆뛸퇔ꎬ훆뛈닣쏦뗄춶뿘훆쓜릻듓룹놾짏쳡룟헾뢮춶쿮쒿춶뿘훆뗄킧싊뫍킧맻ꆣ헢폫ꆶ맺컱풺맘폚춶쳥훆룄룯뗄뻶뚨ꆷ훐닉좡뗄붡좫헾뢮춶쿮쒿뻶닟믺훆ꆢ맦랶헾뢮춶쿮쒿짳엺돌탲ꆢ룄뷸헾뢮춶쿮쒿붨짨쪵쪩랽쪽ꆢ틽죫쫐뎡믺훆뫍짧믡놾뗈뻙듫쫇튻훂뗄ꆣ 4 뷡폯 컒맺헾뢮춶쿮쒿춶뿘훆훐듦퓚뗄컊쳢볈폐맜샭닣 쏦뗄ꎬ튲폐훆뛈닣쏦뗄ꆣ좻뛸ꎬ쿖폐퇐뺿뛠맘힢쿮쒿춶뿘춼3?릤돌퓬볛탎돉믺샭 훆뗄웕쫊탔랽램뫍벼쫵ꎬ뛸뫶싔쇋샻틦쿠맘헟맘쾵뛔폚춶평폚뫏춬뷡릹ꆢ뇤룼ꆢ쯷엢폐ퟅ“틾뮼——쫂볾——춻뿘훆뗄펰쿬ꆣ믹폚헢튻쿖쪵ꎬ놾컄듓헾뢮뗄쫓뷇ꎬ틔뿘훆좨ꏛ24ꏝ웆룅쯣”뗄쓚퓚맘솪ꎬ틔췹뷶퓚쿮쒿쪵쪩맽돌훐퇏룱뫏캪훷쿟ꎬ첽쳖쇋웳튵탍듺붨쿮쒿뗄춶뿘훆쾵춳ꎬ늢룹뻝헾춬맜샭뗄ퟶ램ꎬ뛔뫏춬볛뗷헻뗄뿘훆ퟷ폃쫇폐쿞뗄ꎬ헢뻍뢮뿘훆좨ퟷ폃랽쪽뗄늻춬ꎬ붫룃쾵춳뮮럖캪3룶닣듎ꎬ럖쫴탨튪틽죫럧쿕맜샭뗄샭쓮ꎬ벴듓쾵춳뗄뷇뛈ꎬ뛔쿮쒿뗄헻훆뛈닣쏦뫍맜샭닣쏦ꆣ쯦뫳ꎬ틀듎럖컶쇋훆뛈폫맜샭닣쏦춶룶붻틗맽돌뷸탐춶뿘훆짨볆ꎬ쪵탐쫂잰뿘훆폫쫂뫳뿘훆뿘훆쯹틀뻝뗄샭싛뫍춶뿘훆뗄쓚죝ꆣퟮ뫳ꎬ춨맽뇈뷏럖쿠뷡뫏뗄춶뿘훆닟싔ꆣ 컶죏캪ꎬ평폚훆뛈퓚튻뚨돌뛈짏뛔쿮쒿맜샭탐캪닺짺믽벫믲()3춨맽짨볆폫쪩릤벯돉뗄춶뿘훆ꆣ뿉쪩릤탔퇐뺿쫇쿻벫뗄펰쿬ꆣ틲듋ꎬ듓훆뛈닣쏦살럖컶뫍뷢뻶헾뢮춶쿮쒿캪쇋룼뫃뗘쪵쿖쿮쒿뗄쒿뇪ꎬ쯼튪쟳쪩릤죋풱뺡퓧닎폫쿮뗄춶뿘훆컊쳢ꎬ뻟폐룼캪춻돶뗄샭싛볛횵뫍쿖쪵틢틥ꆣ 쒿맦뮮ꆢ짨볆ꆢ닉릺뗈뷗뛎뗄릤ퟷꎬ붫쪩릤뺭퇩뫍횪쪶뗈닎뾼컄쿗ꎺ 펦폃폚듳쿮쒿쪵쪩뗄좫맽돌훐ꎬ뇜쏢뒫춳뗄짨볆폫쪩릤럖샫쯹듸살뗄컊쳢ꆣ컄쿗퇐뺿쿔쪾ꎬ쪵쪩뿉쪩릤탔퇐뺿뿉뷚ꏛ1ꏝ?컢쟯퇞ꎬ훜맺뚰.짮뮯헾뢮춶쿮쒿맜샭쳥훆룄룯뗄쮼뾼ꏛJꏝ.ꏛ25ꏝ풼릤돌돉놾6%ꆫ10%ꎬ복짙ퟷ튵쪱볤%~%ꆣ듓()뫪맛뺭볃맜샭ꎬ20082ꎺ42–44.
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