2002쓪6퓂뗚ꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡJun.,200216뻭뗚3웚ꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡ뮪ꆡ뚫ꆡ뺭ꆡ볃ꆡ맜ꆡ샭EastChinaEconomicManagemꆡꆡ,헽쪽ퟩ횯훐뗄쟗쫴맘쾵ퟩ횯퇐뺿ꆡ캪(탬훝뺭볃맜샭룉늿톧풺,붭쯕ꆡ탬훝ꆡ221006)[햪튪]럇헽쪽ퟩ횯쫇냩쯦ퟅ헽쪽ퟩ횯뗄퓋뛸닺짺탎돉뗄ꆣ쟗쫴맘쾵ퟩ횯펦룃쫇튻훖쳘쫢뗄럇헽쪽ퟩ횯ꆣ쟗쫴맘쾵ퟩ횯폖폐뇰폚튻냣뗄럇헽쪽ퟩ횯ꆣ럇헽쪽ퟩ횯ꆢ쟗쫴맘쾵ퟩ횯뗄듦퓚뇘좻튪뛔헽쪽ퟩ횯뗄믮뚯벰웤킧싊닺짺펰쿬ꆣ퇐뺿죏쪶쟗쫴맘쾵ퟩ횯뗄훘튪틢틥퓚폚샻폃럇헽쪽ퟩ횯ꆢ쟗쫴맘쾵ퟩ횯틔쟳헽쪽ퟩ횯쒿뇪뗄폐킧쪵쿖,얬솦뿋럾뫍쿻돽쟗쫴맘쾵ퟩ횯뗄늻샻펰쿬,랢믓웤믽벫뗄ퟷ폃ꆣ[맘볼듊]쟗쫴맘쾵ퟩ횯;럇헽쪽ퟩ횯;탎돉;쳘헷;샻폃[훐춼럖샠뫅]F272192ꆡꆡꆡ[컄쿗뇪쪶싫]Aꆡꆡꆡ[컄헂뇠뫅]1007ꆪ5097(2002)03ꆪ0089ꆪ03ThestudyoffamilyorganizationofformalorganizationTENGWei(XuzhouEconomicsManagementCadrepisCollege,Xuzhou221006,China)Abstract:,,:familyorganization;informalorganization;form;characteristic;makinguseofꆡꆡ쒿잰퓚웳쫂튵떥캻뗈ퟩ횯믺릹훐,뚼웕뇩듦퓚ퟅ헢퇹튻랽쿖듺맜샭샭싛훐짧믡쾵춳톧엉뗄뒴쪼죋ꆣ쯻퓚1938쓪킴훖쟩뿶:럲웞ꆢ탖뗜뷣쏃ꆢ튻볒벸뿚ꆢ튻볒뛠듺퓚춬튻떥캻뗄ꆶ훷맜죋풱뗄횰쓜ꆷ헢놾뺭뗤훸ퟷ훐싛쫶떽:ퟩ횯뿉럖캪샯릤ퟷ,뷡돉튻룶룶좺쳥,퓙춨맽솪틶,냑헢킩킡좺쳥솪뷡솽훖,벴ꆰ헽쪽뗄ꆱퟩ횯,횸뗄쫇쓇킩뻟폐짮쮼쫬싇뗄릲춬웰살,ퟩ돉헽쪽ퟩ횯(FormalOrganization)훐뗄킡ퟩ횯,헢쒿뇪뗄ퟔ뻵엤뫏뗄짧믡뗄쿠뮥ퟷ폃;ꆰ럇헽쪽뗄ꆱퟩ횯,횸튲쫇튻훖럇헽쪽ퟩ횯ꆣ떫쫇,쯼폖폐뇰폚튻냣탎쪽뗄럇헽쪽뗄쫇쓇킩쎻폐릲춬뗄믲ퟔ뻵엤뫏뗄릲춬쒿뇪뗄짧믡쿠뮥ퟷퟩ횯폃ꆣ냍쓉뗂냑쎻폐ퟔ뻵뗄릲춬쒿뇪(벴쪹튲뿉쓜닺짺릲춬뗄,놾컄퓝쪱돆횮캪ꆰ쟗쫴맘쾵ퟩ횯ꆱ(춨맽췸짏쯑닩,짐컞듋샠뚨틥)ꆣ늢뛔헢훖ퟩ횯뗄탐캪ꆢ맘쾵뫍ퟷ폃,뷸탐돉맻)뗄죎뫎솪뫏뗄룶죋믮뚯돆캪럇헽쪽ퟩ횯,벴ꆰ늻퓘폚돵늽퇐뺿,쾣췻퓚맜샭훐뗃떽룷랽쏦뗄맘힢ꆣퟩ횯춼짏뗄맘쾵ꆱꆣ내헕헢룶뚨틥,죎뫎탎쪽뗄벯쳥뚼쫴폚럇헽쪽ퟩ횯뗄랶돫,웤훐냼삨ꆰ튻볜량믺짏퓘퓋뗄싃뿍ꆢ퓚(튻)ꆰ쟗쫴맘쾵ퟩ횯ꆱ퇐뺿뗄샭싛믹뒡뫍퓚컒맺뗄짧믡룹풴튻쳵뷖짏즢늽뗄죋쏇ꆢ붻춨뎵뗄돋뿍ꆢ힡퓚쇹닣슥짏뗄뻓낣뛻뛙ꆤ쎷냂쏱ꆢ탇웚컥췭짏뗄쟅없뛓풱,벰뾧럈쫒뗄뺭뎣ퟹ짏뿍뗈뚼냼(EltonMayo,1880ꆪ1949)1927쓪훁1932쓪퓚횥볓룧컷랽뗧웸릫쮾믴즣릤뎧뷸탐쇋틽웰맜샭톧뷧삨퓚쓚ꆱꆣ헢훖ퟩ횯뗄닺짺,쫇믹폚죋쏇횮볤늻웚뛸폶뗘솪뫏퓚튻웰,뇋듋ꆰ뫏뗃살ꆱ,듳볒뻵뗃퇔폯ꆢ럾ힰꆢ탐뚯뗈,훘쫓뗄ꆰ믴즣쫔퇩ꆱ,쯻틔믴즣쪵퇩캪믹뒡쳡돶뗄죋좺맘쾵뚼럇뎣쯦뇣뛸쎻폐늻ퟔ좻뗄뻐쫸,폚쫇샖퓚웤훐ꆣ맜샭헟죴샭싛,헢뻍쫇ꆰ탐캪뿆톧ꆱ맜샭톧엉뗄퓧웚쮼쿫,쯻쏇죏쓜뛔듋ퟩ횯뗄탐캪폫맘쾵,볓틔퇐뺿폫훘쫓,튻뚨폐틦폚헽캪:웳튵훐쪵볊듦퓚ퟅ튻훖ꆰ럇헽쪽ퟩ횯ꆱꆣ럇헽쪽ퟩ횯쫇쪽ퟩ횯뗄랢햹ꆣ냩쯦ퟅ헽쪽ퟩ횯뗄퓋뛸닺짺탎돉뗄ꆣ웳튵횰릤퓚릲춬릤탭뛠듓쫂맜샭뗄죋룹뻝냍쓉뗂뗄샭싛뫍믴즣쫔퇩뗄랢쿖ퟷꆢ릲춬짺닺훐,뇘뚨닺짺쿠뮥횮볤뗄죋좺맘쾵,닺짺릲춬살퇐뺿ꆢ샻폃럇헽쪽ퟩ횯ꆣ뗷닩헢킩럇헽쪽ퟩ횯듦퓚뗄풭틲뗄룐쟩,ퟔ좻탎돉튻훖탐캪맦퓲믲맟샽,늢튪쟳룶죋럾듓,뫍믮뚯쟩뿶틑쫇짧믡탄샭톧볒쏅퇐뺿뗄뿎쳢ꆣ뺭샭쏇튲뚮헢뻍릹돉쇋ꆰ럇헽쪽ퟩ횯ꆱꆣ럇헽쪽ퟩ횯늻뷶듦퓚폚릤죋횮뗃헢킩죋폫죋횮볤뗄맘쾵퓚맜샭릤ퟷ훐뗄훘튪틢틥,쯻쏇퓚훐,뛸쟒듦퓚폚맜샭죋풱ꆢ벼쫵죋풱횮훐ꆣ늻뛏퇐뺿ꆢ죏쪶럇헽쪽ퟩ횯,뇜쏢폫횮뛔솢,늢퓚쇬떼뫍횸쟐쮹쳘.냍쓉뗂(ChesterIBarnard,1886-1961)쫇컷떼쿂쫴쪱볓틔샻폃ꆣ[쫕룥죕웚]ꆡ2002ꆪ03ꆪ21[ퟷ헟볲뷩]ꆡꆡ캪(1966ꆪ),쓐,뢱뷌쫚,퇐뺿랽쿲:맜샭톧ꆣꆪ89ꆪ
쟗쫴맘쾵ퟩ횯뗄닺짺쫇뇘좻뗄,컒쏇뗄튻킩듳훐탍웳싺ퟣꆣ튵ꆢ톧킣ꆢ튽풺ꆢ틸탐뗈쫂튵떥캻,헾뢮믺맘샯뗄풱릤퓚릲(2)럇헽쪽ퟩ횯쪹헽쪽ퟩ횯뻟폐햳뷡솦ꆣ죋쏇퓚럇헽쪽춬릤ퟷꆢ릲춬짺닺훐,닺짺룐쟩뛸솪틶,헢샯쏦몬폐뫜짮뗄ퟩ횯훐뗄욵랱뷓뒥믡쪹쿠뮥횮볤뗄맘쾵룼볓뫍킳ꆢ죚잢,듓짧믡룹풴,벴뎤웚짺믮퓚볆뮮뺭볃뗄듳냼듳삿훐,튻볒샏킡뛸틗폚닺짺뫍볓잿뫏ퟷ뗄뺫짱ꆣ돔ꆢ힡ꆢ톧ꆢ튽ꆢ뚥쳦뷓냠ퟣ늻돶떥캻,뚼평떥캻뷢뻶,벸(3)럇헽쪽ퟩ횯쯤좻훷튪쫇랢햹튻훖릤폠뗄ꆢ럇릤ퟷ탔쪮쓪뗄럢뇕냫럢뇕ힴ첬뇣닺짺쇋쟗쫴맘쾵ퟩ횯ꆣ쯦ퟅ짧믡룷뗄맘쾵,떫쫇쯼쏇뛔웤돉풱퓚헽쪽ퟩ횯훐뗄릤ퟷ쟩뿶튲췹췹쿮룄룯뗄뷸햹,쒿잰뻍튵믺믡복짙쇋,룷떥캻룷탐튵쾵춳룼럇뎣훘쫓ꆣ늻풸틢냑폐쿞뗄뻍튵믺믡돶죃룸짧믡ꆣ웳튵쓚ꆢ쾵춳쓚ꆢ탐(4)럇헽쪽ퟩ횯튲퓚쒳훖짧믡뮷뺳훐듦퓚ꆣ튵쓚늿헐릤헐룉,쟗쫴맘쾵췸풽뷡풽듳ꆣ뷼죕,컒쏇뛔쟗쫴럇헽쪽ퟩ횯뿉쓜퓬돉뗄캣몦:맘쾵ퟩ횯뗄ힴ뿶뷸탐쇋짧믡뗷닩,쟗쫴맘쾵ퟩ횯웕뇩듦퓚,(1)럇헽쪽ퟩ횯뗄쒿뇪죧맻폫헽쪽ퟩ횯돥춻,퓲뿉쓜뛔짵훁퓚튻킩떥캻훐횦랱튶쎯ꆢ쓑틔샭쟥ꆣ쟗쫴맘쾵ퟩ횯룸죋헽쪽ퟩ횯뗄릤ퟷ닺짺벫캪늻샻뗄펰쿬ꆣ쫂훆뛈맜샭듸살뫜뛠늻뇣ꆣ쟗쫴맘쾵ퟩ횯뗄탎돉ꆢ랢햹폫웤(2)럇헽쪽ퟩ횯튪쟳돉풱튻훂탔뗄톹솦,췹췹튲믡쫸뢿퓚헻룶짧믡맘쾵훐뗄뗘캻뫍ퟷ폃,쫇평짧믡헾훎ꆢ뺭볃ꆢ컄돉풱뗄룶죋랢햹ꆣ폐킩죋쯤좻폐맽죋뗄닅뮪뫍쓜솦,떫쫇럇뮯뗄랢햹쮮욽릲춬뻶뚨뗄ꆣ헽쪽ퟩ횯튻훂탔뗄튪쟳뿉쓜늻퓊탭쯻쎰볢,듓뛸쪹룶죋닅훇퓚컒맺뗄샺듺췵뎯훐,뫜퓧뻍듦퓚ퟅ쟗쫴맘쾵ퟩ횯,춬늻쓜뗃떽돤럖랢믓,뛔헽쪽ퟩ횯뗄릱쿗늻쓜퓶볓,헢퇹뇣믡쪱튲듦퓚ퟅ튻훖틔럀랶캪훷뗄믘뇜훆뛈ꆣ뒺쟯햽맺쪱웚,룷펰쿬헻룶ퟩ횯릤ퟷ킧싊뗄쳡룟ꆣ맺맺뻽뫍쟤쿠듳럲캪릮만뫍삩헅ퟔ벺뗄쫆솦,쪵탐ꆰ헐쿍쓉(3)럇헽쪽ퟩ횯뗄톹솦뮹믡펰쿬헽쪽ퟩ횯뗄뇤룯,랢햹쪿ꆱ,죎폃톪풵맘쾵틔췢뗄죋닅,뛔췵쫒돉풱뗄죎폃뷸탐믘ퟩ횯뗄뛨탔ꆣ헢늢늻쫇틲캪쯹폐럇헽쪽ퟩ횯뗄돉풱뚼늻쾣췻뇜뫍쿞훆ꆣ떽쇋몺돵,평폚ퟚퟥ쫆솦죕틦엲헍,춳훎뷗벶캪룄룯,뛸쫇틲캪웤훐듳늿럖죋몦엂뇤룯믡룄뇤럇헽쪽ퟩ횯폐뇜쏢톪풵ퟚ쟗뗄캣몦,맦뚨쇋ꆰퟚ쫒늻틋뗤죽뫓,췵뻋늻틋삵폚짺듦뗄헽쪽ퟩ횯뗄뷡릹,듓뛸췾킲럇헽쪽ퟩ횯뗄듦퓚ꆣ놸뻅쟤ꆱ,ꆰ뫳리횮볒,늻뗃럢뫲폫헾ꆱ뗈ꆣ뚫몺뮹뷸튻늽맦쟗쫴맘쾵ퟩ횯펦룃쫇튻훖쳘쫢뗄럇헽쪽ퟩ횯ꆣ뚨쇋틶쟗맘쾵(틔믩틶맘쾵뛸닺짺뗄쟗쫴맘쾵)뗄죎횰믘쒿잰퓚컒맺돇쫐ꆢ얩듥,퓚쇬떼믺맘ꆢ믹닣,웕뇩듦퓚뇜ꆣ캺뷺쓏놱뎯쪱웚,퓲삩듳떽튻냣쟗쫴믘뇜ꆣ닜캺맦뚨:ퟅퟚퟥꆢ쟗쫴맘쾵뗄좺쳥ꆣ헢킩좺쳥쓚뗄죋풱,뮥쿠맘헕ꆢ췢웝늻뗃룉풤뎯헾ꆣ놱캺짵훁닉좡맽솢첫ퟓ뛸즱웤쒸뗄냬쳡킯놻뾴ퟷ쫇샭쯹떱좻뗄쫂ꆣ폐뗄맺볒릤ퟷ죋풱캪헢훖쟗쫴램ꆣ쳆듺뗄믘뇜훆뛈퓲룼볓췪놸,맦뚨쟗쫴늻쓜퓚춬튻늿쏅맘쾵ퟩ횯,폐뺡늻췪뗄ꆰ틥컱ꆱ뛸랳쓕,튲폐뗄룉늿짵훁췼ퟶ맙,뛔쟗쫴퓚횴탐릫컱폐럁낭쪱튪믘뇜,웤뢸죎퓗쿠웤ퟓ볇쇋ퟔ벺쫇죋쏱릫웍,즥쪧풭퓲,쪱쪱뒦뒦캪쟗쫴맘쾵ퟩ횯늻쓜캪?맙;튻냣맙풱튪믘뇜놾벮ꆣ훁쟥뎯믘뇜훆뛈늻뛏랢ퟅ쿫뛸컳죫웧춾ꆣ쟗쫴뻛벯퓚튻룶늿쏅믲떥캻,뻍죝틗돶쿖햹,랶캧튲훰늽삩듳,믘뇜뛔쿳삩듳떽볒ퟥ컥럾횮쓚뗄쟗틔쒳훖쟗쫴맘쾵캪훷쳥뗄탎탎즫즫킡쟗쫴맘쾵ퟩ횯,헢킩쟗맃ꆢ틌쏃뗄헉럲폫뛹ퟓꆢ쒸웞뗄쟗탖뗜ꆢퟓ쾱뗈ꆣ쟥뎯쪱뗄쫴맘쾵ퟩ횯엉뇰횮볤,뎣뎣믡퓚짦벰룶죋샻틦컊쳢짏닺짺쎬믘뇜훆뛈틑쟷췪짆ꆣ늻뿉럱죏,믘뇜훆뛈퓚쿞훆쟗쫴맘쾵ퟩ뛜,웆뮵헽쪽ퟩ횯쓚늿뗄헻쳥킭뗷,쪹죋볊맘쾵뢴퓓뮯,릤횯뗄뇗뛋랽쏦랢믓맽훘튪뗄ퟷ폃ꆣퟷ짏늻엤뫏,뮥쿠잣훆,뮥쿠룉죅,펰쿬릤ퟷ뗄헽뎣뾪햹,컒맺맅듺뗄헢훖맙샴믘뇜훆뛈튲놻쫀뷧짏탭뛠맺볒쯹뷨컞램좡뗃ퟮ병뗄릤ퟷ킧맻ꆣ본ꆣ죧냂뗘샻맙풱램맦뚨:죧맻뷼쟗쫴폐횱뷓짏쿂벶맘쾵믲쟗쫴맘쾵ퟩ횯폐뇰폚튻냣뗄럇헽쪽ퟩ횯ꆣ튻냣뗄럇헽쪽볠뚽맘쾵헟,늻쓜퓚춬ꆪ믺맘훐죎횰ꆣ죰쪿ꆶ헾뢮믺릹ퟩ횯ퟩ횯훷튪틔룐쟩뫍죚잢뗄맘쾵캪뇪ힼꆣ쯼튪쟳웤돉풱ퟱ쫘릲맜샭램ꆷ맦뚨:틶쟗ꆢ횱쾵쟗쫴틔벰뷣쏃탖뗜뗄엤얼뗈,뻹춬뗄ꆢ늻돉컄뗄탐캪맦랶ꆣ늻싛헢킩탐캪맦랶쫇죧뫎탎돉늻뗃퓚춬튻탐헾믺릹쓚죎횰ꆣ뗄,럇헽쪽ퟩ횯폐쓜솦웈쪹웤돉풱ퟔ뻵믲늻ퟔ뻵뗘ퟱ쫘ꆣ뛔(뛾)쟗쫴맘쾵ퟩ횯폫럇헽쪽ퟩ횯폚쓇킩ퟔ뻵ퟱ쫘뫍캬뮤맦랶뗄돉풱,럇헽쪽ퟩ횯믡폨틔퓞ퟩ횯짨볆뗄쒿뗄쫇캪쇋붨솢뫏샭뗄ퟩ횯믺릹뫍뷡릹,맦탭ꆢ뮶펭뫍맄샸,뛸쓇킩늻풸뻍랶믲랸맦뗄돉풱,럇헽쪽ퟩ랶ퟩ횯돉풱퓚믮뚯훐뗄맘쾵ꆣ짨볆뗄뷡맻쫇탎돉쯹캽뗄헽쪽횯퓲믡춨맽뎰킦ꆢ벥럭ꆢ맂솢뗈쫖뛎폨틔돍랣ꆣ틲듋,캬쾵ퟩ횯ꆣ헢훖ퟩ횯폐쏷좷뗄쒿뇪ꆢ죎컱ꆢ뷡릹ꆢ횰쓜틔벰평듋럇헽쪽ퟩ횯뗄,훷튪쫇뷓쫜폫뮶펭ꆢ맂솢폫업돢뗈룐쟩짏뗄뛸뻶뚨뗄돉풱볤뗄퓰좨맘쾵,뛔룶죋뻟폐쒳훖돌뛈뗄잿훆틲쯘ꆣ탔ꆣ뫏샭ꆢ붡뾵뗄헽쪽ퟩ횯컞틉캪ퟩ횯믮뚯뗄킧싊쳡릩쇋믹쟗쫴맘쾵ퟩ횯퓲훷튪틀뾿쟗쟩맘쾵풼쫸돉풱,횻튪뷸쇋놾뗄놣횤ꆣ떫쫇,늻싛ퟩ횯짨볆뗄샭싛죧뫎췪짆,짨볆죋풱튻볒쏅뿏뚨쫇튻볒죋ꆣ죋쏇퓚릤ퟷꆢ움폅ꆢ쳡룉ꆢ짵훁톡뻙죧뫎얬솦,죋쏇뚼컞램맦랶ퟩ횯돉풱퓚믮뚯훐뗄쯹폐솪쾵,훐,컞싛쟗쟩맘쾵뗄풶뷼,뚼붫쫗쿈틔헢훖맘쾵캪뫢솿뇪뚼컞램붫쯹폐헢킩솪쾵뚼쓉죫헽쪽뗄ퟩ횯뷡릹쾵춳ꆣ튻냣,ힼꆣ평폚헽쪽ퟩ횯폫럇헽쪽ퟩ횯ꆢ쟗쫴맘쾵ퟩ횯뗄돉풱쫇붻퓚짧믡뺭볃떥캻훐,뮹뚼듦퓚ퟅ튻훖럇헽쪽뗄ퟩ횯ꆣ닦믬뫏뗄,죋쏇룐쟩뗄펰쿬퓚탭뛠쟩뿶쿂튪듳폚샭탔뗄ퟷ럇헽쪽ퟩ횯뗄믽벫ퟷ폃폐:폃ꆣ틲듋,럇헽쪽ퟩ횯ꆢ쟗쫴맘쾵ퟩ횯뗄듦퓚뇘좻튪뛔헽쪽(1)뿉틔싺ퟣ횰릤뗄탨튪ꆣ럇헽쪽ퟩ횯쫇ퟔ풸탔훊뗄,ퟩ횯뗄믮뚯벰웤킧싊닺짺펰쿬ꆣ웤돉풱짵훁쫇컞틢쪶뗘볓죫뷸살ꆣ쯻쏇횮쯹틔풸틢돉캪럇헽퇐뺿죏쪶럇헽쪽ퟩ횯ꆢ쟗쫴맘쾵ퟩ횯뗄훘튪틢틥퓚폚,쪽ퟩ횯뗄돉풱,쫇틲캪헢샠ퟩ횯뿉틔룸쯻쏇듸살쒳킩탨튪뗄쪹헽쪽ퟩ횯폐킧랢믓ퟷ폃뗄쇭튻춾뺶쫇돐죏늢돤럖샻폃럇헽ꆪ90ꆪ
쪽ퟩ횯뫍쟗쫴맘쾵ퟩ횯,냑웤캣몦붵떽ퟮ킡ꆣ평폚헽쪽ퟩ횯쪱쪧튵믲쿂룚,붫펰쿬떽룃헽쪽ퟩ횯쓚뗄쟗쫴맘쾵ퟩ횯뗄믹쫇죋쏇캪듯떽쒳튻쒿뇪뛸ퟔ뻵킭뗷튻쟐믮뚯뗄튻훖짧믡릤놾짺듦쓜솦,룸짧믡듸살늻낲뚨틲쯘ꆣ뻟,쯹틔헽죧냍쓉뗂쯹횸돶뗄,퓚킭뗷뫍뷡릹뿉쓜틽웰벯쳥(4)뎤웚뗄좹듸맘쾵뗈폃죋짏뗄늻헽횮럧,퇏훘룉죅ퟅ탐캪횮잰뻍뇘탫폐탅쾢릵춨ꆢ붻췹,틔벰뇘탫폐룶뻟쳥뗄쒿룷훖맜샭훆뛈뗄맡뎹횴탐ꆣ튻킩죋풱늻쓜뇼릫냬쫂,펰쿬ퟅ뇪,벴닺짺뫍샻폃럇헽쪽ퟩ횯뫍쟗쫴맘쾵ퟩ횯ꆣ죋쏇쒱쟳붻헾뢮탐헾뗄헽뎣뾪햹,춬쪱튲붵뗍쇋헾뢮뗄췾탅,듬짋쇋맣췹,늢듓웤훐뗃떽싺ퟣꆣ헢훖낮뫃붻볊뗄췆뚯솦뫍캪쪵쿖떥듳룉늿좺훚뗄믽벫탔,냜뮵쇋짧믡럧웸ꆣ쟗쫴맘쾵ퟩ횯튲쫇뾿룶죋늻뿉쓜듯떽뗄쒿뇪뛸뷸탐뗄붻췹,뻍릹돉쇋쪹헽쪽ퟩ늻헽횮럧ꆢ뢯냜탐캪뗄ퟌ짺뗘ꆣ횯랢믓ퟷ폃뗄믹뒡ꆣ(쯄)뛔폚쟗쫴맘쾵ퟩ횯,샭싛짏튪훘쫓,쪵볹(죽)쟗쫴맘쾵ퟩ횯뗄쳘헷뫍ퟷ폃짏튪볓틔틽떼쟗쫴맘쾵ퟩ횯펦룃쫇튻훖쳘쫢뗄럇헽쪽ퟩ횯ꆣ쯼폐튻냣늻맜컒쏇돐죏폫럱ꆢ퓊탭폫럱ꆢ풸틢폫럱,쟗쫴맘쾵ퟩ럇헽쪽ퟩ횯뗄쳘뗣,튲폐ퟔ벺뗄쳘뗣;쯼뻟폐튻냣럇헽쪽ퟩ횯펰쿬ퟜ쫇뿍맛듦퓚뗄ꆣ뛔폚쟗쫴맘쾵ퟩ횯,샭싛짏튪볓틔횯뗄ퟷ폃,튲폐ퟔ벺뗄룼듳뗄ퟷ폃;쯼뻟폐튻냣럇헽쪽ퟩ횯훘쫓,쪵볹짏튪볓틔믽벫틽떼ꆣ헽쪽ퟩ횯쒿뇪뗄폐킧쪵쿖,뗄캣몦,튲폐ퟔ벺뗄룼듳뗄캣몦ꆣ쯹틔,컒쏇뇘탫훘쫓쟗쫴튪쟳믽벫샻폃럇헽쪽ퟩ횯ꆢ쟗쫴맘쾵ퟩ횯,얬솦뿋럾뫍쿻돽맘쾵ퟩ횯ꆣ쯼쏇뗄늻샻펰쿬,믽벫랢믓럇헽쪽ퟩ횯ꆢ쟗쫴맘쾵ퟩ횯뗄ퟷ쟗쫴맘쾵ퟩ횯뗄믽벫ퟷ폃:폃ꆣ(1)뿉틔싺ퟣ횰릤ꆰퟔ컒뇭쿖ꆱ뗄탨튪ꆣ냯훺쯻쏇쿻돽(1)샻폃쟗쫴맘쾵ퟩ횯,쫗쿈튪죏쪶떽쟗쫴맘쾵ퟩ횯듦맂뛀뗄룐뻵,싺ퟣ쯻쏇ꆰ놻낮ꆱ틔벰ꆰ쪩낮횮탄폚죋ꆱ뗄탨퓚뗄뿍맛뇘좻탔,늢얬솦쪹웤쒿뇪ꆢ샻틦폫헽쪽ퟩ횯쿠컇튪,쪹쯻쏇뻟폐맩쫴룐ꆢ뗘캻룐ꆢퟔퟰ룐ꆣ믹폚릲춬뗄룐뫏ꆣ폐샻폚헽쪽ퟩ횯킧싊뗄쳡룟ꆣ쟩ꆢ죏쪶믲탋좤,쯻쏇뛔튻킩릲춬맘탄뗄컊쳢뷸탐첸싛ꆢ짵(2)춨맽붨솢뫍탻뒫헽좷뗄ퟩ횯컄뮯샭쓮살펰쿬쟗쫴맘훁헹싛,듓쫴폚헢룶쟗쫴맘쾵ퟩ횯뗄쫂쪵놾짭,뿉틔싺ퟣ쾵ퟩ횯뗄탐캪맦랶,틽떼쟗쫴맘쾵ퟩ횯랢믓돶믽벫뗄ퟷ폃ꆣꆰ맩쫴ꆱꆢꆰ낲좫ꆱ뗄탨튪ꆣퟩ횯돉풱뗄탭뛠탄샭탨튪쫇퓚쟗탭뛠맜샭톧헟퓚뷼웚뛔늻짙볒ퟥ쪽웳튵돉릦횮슷뷸탐쇋퇐쫴맘쾵ퟩ횯훐뗃떽싺ퟣ뗄ꆣ뺿ꆣ늻쓑랢쿖,돉릦뗄냂쏘퓚폚폐ꆪ훖럻뫏쟗쫴맘쾵ퟩ횯탔(2)죋쏇퓚쟗쫴맘쾵ퟩ횯훐뗄욵랱뷓뒥믡쪹쿠뮥횮볤뗄훊벰웤믮뚯쳘헷뗄ퟩ횯컄뮯ꆣퟩ횯돉풱릲춬뷓쫜뗄볒ퟥ맛맘쾵룼볓뫍킳ꆢ죚잢,듓뛸틗폚닺짺뫍볓잿뫏ퟷ뗄뺫짱ꆣ헢쓮ꆢ릤ퟷퟷ럧ꆢ탐캪ힼ퓲뗈좺쳥틢쪶,살펰쿬돉풱뗄릤ퟷ첬훖킭ퟷ맘쾵뫍뺫짱죧쓜듸떽헽쪽ퟩ횯훐살,퓲컞틉폐샻폚듙뛈,쪹쯻쏇뗄룶죋쒿뇪폫ퟩ횯뗄릲춬쒿뇪뺡솿컇뫏,듓뛸틽뷸ꆢ킭뗷헽쪽ퟩ횯믮뚯뗄뷸탐,놣횤헽쪽ퟩ횯쒿뇪뗄쮳샻쪵떼쯻쏇ퟔ뻵뗘캪ퟩ횯쒿뇪뗄쪵쿖믽벫릤ퟷꆣ쿖ꆣ냍쓉뗂튲힢틢떽,럇헽쪽ퟩ횯쫇ꆰ캬뮤룶탔틔쏢쫜헽쪽(3)퇐뺿훆뚩헾닟,맦랶샍뚯솦쫐뎡ꆢ죋닅쇷뚯쫐뎡,ퟩ횯뛔룶탔뗄쒳킩췟뷢펰쿬ꆱ뗄훘튪쫖뛎ꆣ뚮뗃헢튻뗣뗄맜췪짆짧믡놣헏믺훆ꆣ샻폃헽쪽ퟩ횯뫍쟗쫴맘쾵ퟩ횯냯훺죵쫆샭헟뚼믡ퟔ뻵뗘샻폃쟗쫴맘쾵ퟩ횯릵춨탅쾢쟾뗀,쳡룟풱릤룶쳥,듯떽ꆰ릲춬뢻풣ꆱ뗄쒿뇪ꆣ쪿웸ꆣ(4)붨솢붡좫죋쫂뺺울믺훆,췪짆죋쫂맜샭훆뛈뫍맺볒(3)쟗쫴맘쾵ퟩ횯퓚릤폠믡룸쓇킩릤ퟷ훐뗄삧쓑헟,벼릫컱풱믘뇜훆뛈럇뎣뇘튪,쪮럖웈쟐ꆣ컒맺럢붨뗄ퟚ램맛쫵늻쫬솷헟ퟔ뻵뗘폨틔횸떼뫍냯훺ꆣ쓮ꆢퟚퟥ맛쓮퓚죋쏇뗄쮼쿫훐뮹폐쿠떱짮뗄펰쿬ꆣ쏦뛔쿖(4)쟗쫴맘쾵ퟩ횯캪쇋좺쳥뗄샻틦,캪쇋퓚헽쪽ퟩ횯훐쪵,붨솢붡좫맦헂훆뛈,닅쓜냚췑룷훖쟗쫴맘쾵ퟩ횯냭,쫷솢솼뫃뗄탎쿳,췹췹믡ퟔ뻵믲ퟔ랢뗘냯훺헽쪽ퟩ횯캬뮤헽쪹훃짭웤훐뗄죋듳떨릤ퟷ,뇼릫냬쫂,붡뾵돉뎤,듓뛸룼뫃뎣뗄믮뚯훈탲ꆣ짙쫽죋샻틦럾듓헻쳥샻틦,쓜릻뗃떽돤럖쳥뗘캬뮤ퟔ벺뗄탎쿳뫍헾뢮뗄짹폾,튲폐훺폚솼뫃짧믡럧웸뗄쿖ꆣ쯤좻폐쪱튲믡돶쿖쟗쫴맘쾵ퟩ횯뗄돉풱랸쇋듭컳뮥쿠퇚탎돉ꆣ맡뎹실쪵릫뾪뺺헹,쪹폅탣죋닅췑펱뛸돶,퓚슼폃ꆢ쫎뗄쟩뿶,떫캪쇋늻쪹헻룶좺쳥퓚릫훚훐쇴쿂늻쫜뮶펭뗄탎죎폃뫍맜샭짏,복짙룶죋룐쟩즫닊,ퟶ떽튻쫓춬죊,쓜헟쿳,쟗쫴맘쾵ퟩ횯뛔쓇킩퇏훘캥랴헽쪽ퟩ횯볍싉뗄몦좺횮짏,죵헟쿂ꆣ쏷좷쎿룶죋뗄횰ꆢ좨ꆢ퓰,풼쫸뫍맦랶쎿룶죋십,춨뎣믡룹뻝ퟔ벺뗄맦랶ꆢ샻폃ퟔ벺쳘쫢뗄탎쪽폨틔돍뗄탐캪,돤럖뗷뚯뫍랢믓쎿룶죋뗄믽벫탔뫍뒴퓬탔,룼뫃뗘랣ꆣ놣횤헽쪽ퟩ횯헽뎣ꆢ룟킧뗘퓋ꆣ쟗쫴맘쾵ퟩ횯뿉쓜퓬돉뗄캣몦췹췹뇈럇헽쪽ퟩ횯룼듳ꆣ[닎뾼컄쿗](1)쟗쫴맘쾵ퟩ횯뗄헻쳥샻틦폫헽쪽ퟩ횯샻틦랢짺쎬뛜\[1\]훜죽뛠,돂뒫쏷,슳쏷.맜샭톧\[M\].뢴떩듳톧쪱,뿉쓜믡럁낭헽쪽ퟩ횯쒿뇪뗄쪵쿖,ퟨ낭룷훖쿖듺뿆톧맜돶냦짧,1999.샭랽램뗄쪵쪩ꆣ\[2\]HaroldKoontsMangaement\[M\].GraduateSchoolof(2)쟗쫴맘쾵ퟩ횯맄샸ퟩ횯뗄돉풱룶죋랢햹,죎죋캨ManagementUniversityofCalifornia,LosAngelesMcGraw2Hill쟗ꆢ캨쏅뗜쫇뻙뗄늻솼ퟷ럧튲쪢벫튻쪱ꆣ쯤좻쒿잰뗄뺺울믺Kogakusha,Ltd.훆ꆢ믘뇜훆뛈쓜훆풼힡ꆰ튻죋뗃뗀벦좮짽쳬ꆱ늻솼쿖쿳뗄랢\[3\]솺삥틥.맺볒릫컱풱훆뛈붲뮰\[M\].좺훚퓓횾짧,짺,떫쫇뎹뗗뛅뻸쫇늻뿉쓜뗄ꆣ컒맺ꆶ릫컱풱맜샭쳵샽ꆷ뗚ꆢ62ꆢ63쳵뛔듋틑폐쯹맦뚨ꆣ[퓰죎뇠벭:샮뫱춢](3)튻룶헽쪽ퟩ횯뗄뷢즢,죧웳튵웆닺뗈,튻볒뛠뿚춬ꆪ91ꆪ
