뷼듺췢맺퓚뮪횱뷓춶폫쏱ퟥ놾뗄뺺헹ꆪꆪꆪ뛔믺훆쏞럄횯쫐뎡뗄릩쟳럖컶솺ꆡ뮪쓚죝쳡튪ꆡퟝ맛뷼듺훐맺뗄믺훆쏞럄횯쫐뎡,췢맺퓚뮪횱뷓춶폫쏱ퟥ놾뗄맘쾵훷튪뿉틔럖캪솽룶뷗뛎:1922쓪틔잰,뛾헟돊쿖랱죙폫릲듦뗄뻖쏦;1922쓪틔뫳,뺺헹볓뻧,쏱ퟥ놾ퟮ훕놻퇏훘벷돶ꆣ풭틲뫎퓚?펦폃릩쟳럖컶릤뻟뛔믺훆쏞럄횯쫐뎡뷸탐럖컶,뿉틔랢쿖,쫐뎡릩쟳맘쾵뗄룄뇤닅쫇룹평ꆣ맘볼듊ꆡ쫐뎡릩쟳ꆡ믺훆쏞럄횯쫐뎡ꆡ췢맺퓚뮪횱뷓춶ꆡ쏱ퟥ놾ꆡꆡ뷼듺췢맺퓚뮪횱뷓춶뗄뷸죫,퓚늻춬쇬폲ퟥ놾쏞럄횯릤튵놾쓪뻹퓶뎤693150췲풪,쫇폫맺쓚놾탎돉쇋뺺헹룱뻖ꆣ뫪맛ퟜ솿럖컶뇭1894ꆫ1913쓪뗄4152놶ꆣꋛ컷랽맺볒퓚뮪춶쏷,췢맺퓚뮪횱뷓춶뛔뷼듺훐맺뗄놾탎돉뻟쏞럄횯튵쪼폚ꆶ십맘쳵풼ꆷ잩뚩횮뫳,얷쏀맺볒쿈폐쿔훸뗄뢺쏦펰쿬ꆣꋙ뻍맙쇅놾뗄쪧냜뛸퇔,뷼웚뷸죫,죕놾뫳살뻓짏ꆣ뷶틔즴뚧쫽솿캪샽,뇈뷏듺훐맺헾뢮쓑듇웤뻌ꆣ쏱ퟥ놾뗄짺듦쓜솦뷏횮훐췢춶ힴ뿶,뿉틔뾴떽,1912ꆫ1922쓪뮪뎧즴룼잿,떫ퟮ훕튲놻퇏훘벷돶ꆣ떽뗗룹평뫎퓚?컒뚧쓪뻹퓶뎤싊캪108120%,죕뎧캪122150%,얷쏇죏캪,쳘뚨뗄샺쪷쫂볾풼쫸(늻욽뗈쳵풼뗄잩쏀뎧캪95117%ꆣꋜ쿔좻,퓚1922쓪틔잰,훐췢춶뚩ꆢ뗖믵퓋뚯뗈)늻ퟣ틔뷢쫍헻룶뷼듺쪱웚뗄퇝돊쿖릲춬랱죙뗄뺰쿳ꆣ훐췢춶캪쪲쎴퓚듋웚뇤,뮹탨뷸튻늽톰헒뺭볃랢햹ퟔ좻맽돌훐룼짮닣볤믡릲듦쟒릲죙쓘?듎뗄뻶뚨틲쯘ꆣ틲듋(,컒쏇쓢틔쏱ퟥ놾뗄훷떼튻)믺훆쏞즴뗄탨쟳럖컶닺튵쏞럄횯튵캪샽ꋚ쫗쿈,듓맺췢탨쟳살뾴,튻햽놬랢뫳,맺볊쫐,쪹폃릩쟳럖컶릤뻟,ퟷ튻짮죫웊컶ꆣ뎡쏞즴탨쟳벱뻧퓶뎤,훐맺맺쓚믺훆쏞즴뾪쪼돶뿚,쯤좻돶뿚솿퓶뎤늢늻컈뚨,떫ퟜ쳥붲죔돊짏짽1912ꆫ1922쓪:릩늻펦쟳폫훐췢춶뗄랱죙폫릲듦쟷쫆ꆣꋝ웤듎,살뾴맺쓚탨쟳ꆣ20쫀볍20쓪듺틔잰,훐맺ퟔ짨쏞럄횯뎧쪼폚퇳컱엉쯹냬쏱폃웳믺훆쏞즴뗄쿻럑뛔쿳훷튪캪얩듥쿻럑헟ꆣ평폚닉튵,뫳쏱ퟥ놾틔뗖훆췢캪쒿뗄,뾪쪼춶쏞럄폃뗄쫇볒춥쫖릤튵짺닺랽쪽,얩듥쿻럑헟릺싲믺횯튵ꆣ뗚튻듎쫀뷧듳햽놬랢뫳,쏱ퟥ놾쏞럄횯즴뗄쒿뗄훷튪폐솽룶:폃즴횯늼뫍폃즴뮻솸ꆣ폃릤튵뷸죫돖탸ꆢ룟쯙랢햹쪱웚,1914ꆫ1920쓪쏱즴횯늼,캪짺닺탔닙ퟷ,ퟱ톭짺닺헟탐캪맦싉,틔163
붭몣톧뾯ퟮ킡돉놾믱좡ퟮ듳쫕틦ꋞ,틲듋뿛돽쏞뮨볛룱뇤쫗쿈,듓맺췢릩룸살뾴,튻햽놬랢뫳,믺즴뷸뚯틲쯘,뮨즴뇈볛(튻떣즴뮻좡뗄쏞뮨떣쫽)뻍쫇뿚뾪쪼쿂붵ꆣ튻햽뷡쫸뫳,믺즴뷸뿚퓸폐듳럹믘횯늼쯹탨쏞즴뗄훷튪뻶뚨틲쯘ꆣ폃즴뮻솸,볙뚨짽,떫돖탸쪱볤뫜뛌ꆣ듓1912ꆫ1922쓪믺즴뷸뿚솸쪳볛룱뇤뚯늻듳,죧맻쏞즴폫쏞뮨뗄닮볛킡,폃퓶뎤횸쫽뿉틔뾴떽,맺췢믺즴릩룸돊쿂붵쟷쫆ꆣꋢ쏞즴쯹쓜뮻좡뗄솸쪳짙,뛔쏞즴뗄탨쟳뻍짙,랴횮웤듎,살뾴맺쓚릩룸(뮪뎧ꆢ죕뎧뫍얷쏀틠랴ꆣ틲듋,뿛돽솸쪳볛룱뇤뚯틲쯘,뮨즴닮볛헛뎧)λϖꆣ1896쓪틔잰,맺쓚믺즴횻폐뮪뎧릩룸,쟒쏗떣쫽뻍쫇뮻솸쯹탨쏞즴뗄훷튪뻶뚨틲쯘ꆣ뻟쳥믹쫽뫜킡,쯹틔퓶뎤쯙뛈폈뿬ꆣ1897쓪얷쏀뎧뾪살뾴:쪼춶,1902쓪죕뎧뷸죫ꆣ1890ꆫ1912쓪,죕뎧뮨즴뇈볛,1890쓪틔잰튻떣즴쪼훕뫏솽떣틔뫍얷쏀뎧뗄춶퓶뎤쪱뛏쪱탸,뮪뎧춶퓶쯙(돽짏쏞,듓1890쓪웰붵떽솽떣틔쿂,쟒듋뫳튻횱돊좥1897쓪ꆢ1902쓪ꆢ1906쓪뫍1911쓪)퓲믹놾놣쿂붵쟷쫆ꆣ1867ꆫ1894쓪,뮨즴뇈볛뻹횵캪2156돖퓚좫맺욽뻹쮮욽틔짏ꆣ1912ꆫ1922쓪,얷쏀뎧떣ퟳ폒ꆣ1895ꆫ1911쓪,뮨즴뇈볛볌탸쿂붵,떫돊췋돶첬쫆,죕뎧ꆢ뮪뎧춶쓪뻹퓶뎤싊퓲퓚늨뚯쪼훕캬돖퓚115떣ퟳ폒,뻹횵뇈잰웚쿂붵쇋1떣훐돊짏짽ힴꆣλω뛠ꆣ1914쓪뮨즴뇈볛쿂붵떽ퟮ뗍뗣,횮뫳폐쯹믘듓좫맺즴뚧쫽솿쓪뻹퓶뎤싊뇤뚯ퟜ쳥쟷쫆짽,떫럹뛈뫜킡ꆣ횱떽1917쓪틔뫳,닅돶쿖뛌퓝뾴,1912ꆫ1922쓪,맺쓚즴뚧춶퓚늻뛏퓶볓,뻝뗄듳럹믘짽ꆣ1912ꆫ1922쓪,뮨즴뇈볛뻹횵캪듋,맺쓚믺즴릩룸튲퓚퓶볓ꆣ냑뷸뿚믺즴뫍맺쓚1180떣ퟳ폒,뇈1895ꆫ1911쓪폐킡럹믘짽ꆣꋟ훐췢즴뎧쯹짺닺뗄믺즴믣ퟜ,뿉틔뾴떽,20쫀볍뮨즴닮볛벰웤헛쏗떣쫽,1895쓪틔잰뮨즴닮20쓪듺틔잰,믺즴릩룸ퟜ솿퓚늻뛏퓶볓,폈틔볛튻횱퓚쿂붵,쏗볛뇤뚯늻듳,틲듋헛쏗떣쫽튲퓚1894ꆫ1913쓪퓶럹ퟮ듳,평150118췲떣퓶훁돖탸쿂붵ꆣ1867ꆫ1894쓪헛쏗떣쫽뻹횵캪11124436140췲떣,퓶볓뷼2놶ꆣ듓믺즴릩룸릹돉뿉틔떣ퟳ폒ꆣ1895ꆫ1907쓪뮨즴닮볛폐쯹믘짽,떫춬뾴떽,뷸뿚믺즴쯹햼뇈훘훰붥쿂붵,뛸맺쓚믺즴퓶쪱뷸뿚쏗볛튲돊짏헇쟷쫆,틲듋헛쏗떣쫽믘짽럹뎤뫜뿬,쯹햼뇈훘평1894쓪뗄22179%퓶훁1920뛈뫜킡ꆣ1908ꆫ1911쓪뮨즴닮볛돊쿂붵쟷쫆,쏗쓪뗄69172%,퓶뎤쇋뷼47룶냙럖뗣ꆣλξ볛뇤뚯늻듳,틲듋헛쏗떣쫽듳럹쿂붵ꆣ1895ꆫ(죽)믺훆쏞즴뗄릩쟳럖컶1911쓪헛쏗떣쫽뻹횵캪3122떣,뷏잰웚쿂붵쇋8볆쯣릩쟳ퟜ솿횮닮(뇭1),뿉틔뾴떽,1894ꆫ떣뛠,붵럹뷏듳ꆣ1914쓪뮨즴닮볛붵떽ퟮ뗍뗣,1913쓪릩탨좱뿚돊쯵킡첬쫆,떫1913ꆫ1920쓪횮뫳뻍돖탸믘짽,쏗볛튲쫇쿈붵뫳짽,틲듋헛쏗떣좴돊삩듳쟷쫆ꆣ쫽튲쫇쿈붵뫳짽,떫럹뛈뷏뮨즴닮볛킡뗃뛠ꆣ뇭1ꆡ믺즴릩쟳ퟜ솿떥캻:췲떣1912ꆫ1922쓪헛쏗떣쫽뻹횵캪4130떣ퟳ폒,뷏1894쓪1913/1914쓪31920쓪1936쓪잰웚폐쯹믘짽,떫럹뛈늻듳ꆣꋠퟜ릩룸15011843614437175869111ퟝ맛뮨즴뇈볛뫍뮨즴닮볛헛쏗떣쫽뗄뎤웚뇤ퟜ탨쟳619120579180720150949160뚯쟷쫆릩탨좱뿚-469102-143140-282175-80149,뿉틔뾴돶,뺡맜늻춬쪱웚폐쯹늨뚯,떫듓ퟜ쳥살붲,1922쓪틔잰,맺쓚뛔믺훆쏞즴뗄탨쟳ꆡꆡ3췢캪1914쓪쫽뻝,쏱ퟥ놾캪1913쓪쫽뻝ꆣ퓚늻뛏퓶볓ꆣ쇏살풴:퇮뛋쇹ꆢ뫮뫱엠ꆶ:쇹쪮컥쓪살훐맺맺볊쎳틗춳볆ꆷ,맺솢훐퇫퇐뺿풺짧믡뿆톧퇐뺿쯹1931쓪냦,뗚41ꆢ46튳;탬냑맺췢탨쟳뫍맺쓚탨쟳볓ퟜ,뿉틔뾴떽,믺훆탂컡ꆶ:붭쓏췁늼쪷ꆷ,짏몣짧믡뿆톧풺돶냦짧1992쓪냦,뗚225쏞즴뗄탨쟳ퟜ솿퓚늻뛏퓶볓ꆣ퓚믺즴탨쟳ퟜ솿튳ꆣ훐,얩듥쫖횯늼(췁늼뫍룄솼췁늼)쯹햼뇈훘ퟮ듳,듓릩쟳퓶뎤쯙뛈살뾴(뇭2):1894ꆫ1913쓪,떽1920쓪튻횱햼85%틔짏,뛸돶뿚탨쟳ꆢ믺훆늼듓ퟜ솿살붲,릩룸캪헽퓶뎤,탨쟳캪뢺퓶뎤;뻍살탨쟳뫍럇횯늼탨쟳쯹햼뇈훘뫜킡ꆣꋡ풴붲,맺쓚릩룸퓶뎤쯙뛈풶풶뿬폚탨쟳퓶뎤쯙뛈,(뛾)믺훆쏞즴뗄릩룸럖컶뛸맺췢횻폐릩룸쎻폐탨쟳(횸돶뿚),틲듋릩탨ퟜ164
뷼듺췢맺퓚뮪횱뷓춶폫쏱ퟥ놾뗄뺺헹솿뗄좱뿚돊뿬쯙쯵킡첬쫆ꆣ1913ꆫ1920쓪,듓ퟜ뿬폚탨쟳,떫맺췢좴쫇릩룸듳럹쿂붵ꆢ탨쟳듳럹짏솿살붲,릩룸퓶뎤쯙뛈쿂붵,탨쟳퓶뎤쯙뛈짏짽,짽,틲듋,듋볤쯤좻릩탨뚼퓚퓶뎤,떫릩룸퓶뎤쯙뛾헟뻹캪헽퓶뎤;뻍살풴붲,맺쓚릩룸퓶뎤쯙뛈짔뛈싽폚탨쟳,릩탨ퟜ솿좱뿚뷏잰웚폐삩듳벣쿳ꆣ뇭2ꆡ믺즴릩쟳퓶뎤쯙뛈뇈뷏1894-1913/1914쓪31913/19143-1920쓪1920-1936쓪릩탨ퟜ솿퓶뎤쯙뛈뇈뷏(릩룸-탨쟳)189193-391696170ꆡꆡꆡꆡ릩룸ퟜ솿뗄쓪뻹퓶뎤싊1031434119999179ꆡꆡꆡꆡ탨쟳ퟜ솿뗄쓪뻹퓶뎤싊-86158116893109맺췢릩탨퓶뎤쯙뛈뇈뷏(릩룸-탨쟳)101145-25013-200122ꆡꆡꆡꆡ뷸뿚믺즴쓪뻹퓶뎤싊101145-90174-99147ꆡꆡꆡꆡ돶뿚믺즴쓪뻹퓶뎤싊159156100175맺쓚릩탨퓶뎤쯙뛈뇈뷏(릩룸-탨쟳)1931981518610184ꆡꆡꆡꆡ맺쓚릩룸쓪뻹퓶뎤싊10714397118103178ꆡꆡꆡꆡ맺쓚탨쟳쓪뻹퓶뎤싊-861558113292194ꆡꆡꆡꆡ3췢캪1914쓪쫽뻝,쏱ퟥ놾캪1913쓪쫽뻝ꆣꆡꆡ쇏살풴:뻝뇭1볆쯣ꆣꆡꆡ듓릩쟳볛룱떯탔λψ살뾴:1913쓪뗄릩룸볛룱뚯,벴쪹볛룱짏짽,탨쟳튻퇹퓚퓶뎤ꆣ늻떫죧듋,떯탔뫜룟,벴릩룸뛔볛룱뫜쏴룐,볛룱뗄캢솿뇤뚯탨쟳볛룱떯탔뇈릩룸볛룱떯탔뮹튪룟뫜뛠,헢쮵뻍뿉틔듸살릩룸듳럹퓶볓,떫탨쟳볛룱떯탔좴뫜쏷1913ꆫ1920쓪탨쟳퓶뎤뫜쫇톸쯙,뛸릩룸떯탔뗍,벴볛룱뇤뚯뛔탨쟳솿뗄뇤뚯펰쿬늻듳ꆣ떽쇋뗄쿂붵퓲쮵쏷릩룸뇤뚯뫜폐쿞ꆣ틲듋,1913ꆫ1920쓪,쟩뿶랢짺뫜듳뇤뚯,탨쟳볛룱떯탔평뢺1920쓪릩탨쎬뛜뫜춻돶,릩룸퇏훘늻ퟣꆣ쫽뇤캪헽쫽λζ,쮵쏷듋볤탨쟳ힴ뿶헻쳥랢짺쇋뇤뇭3ꆡ믺즴릩탨볛룱떯탔뇈뷏ퟜ릩룸(췲떣)뷸뿚볛룱(맘솽/떣)릩룸떯탔ퟜ탨쟳(췲떣)돶뿚볛룱(맘솽/떣)탨쟳떯탔1894쓪15011818142619120611131913쓪43614026146413665791801211933-010641920쓪437175591370100272015041166011001936쓪8691112851490125994916046312401031ꆡꆡ힢:31894쓪쏞즴쎻폐돶뿚,틲듋틔돶뿚컯볛ퟛ뫏횸쫽살췆쯣ꆣ돶뿚컯볛ퟛ뫏횸쫽,틔1913쓪캪100,1914쓪캪10514,1894쓪캪5218,폖1914쓪쏞즴돶뿚볛룱캪12119,뻝듋뗃1894쓪돶뿚볛룱캪6111ꆣ돶뿚컯볛ퟛ뫏횸쫽볻뿗쏴ꆶ쓏뾪뺭볃횸쫽쇏믣뇠ꆷ,훐맺짧믡뿆톧돶냦짧1988쓪냦,뗚375ꆫ376튳ꆣ33캪1914쓪횵ꆣ쇏살풴:퇮뛋쇹ꆢ뫮뫱엠ꆶ:쇹쪮컥쓪살훐맺맺볊쎳틗춳볆ꆷ,맺솢훐퇫퇐뺿풺짧믡뿆톧퇐뺿쯹1931쓪냦,뗚45ꆢ47ꆢ41튳ꆣꆡꆡ폃릩쟳쟺쿟뗄틆뚯살뇭쪾릩쟳ퟜ솿뗄뇤뚯짽ꆣ퓚닺솿평Q0뗣틆뚯떽Q1뗣뗄맽돌훐,쫐뎡(볻춼1),뿉틔뾴떽,1913ꆫ1920쓪,릩룸쟺쿟틆릩늻펦쟳,헢헽쫇짺닺헟뷸탐삩듳퓙짺닺뗄ퟮ병뚯럹뛈뫜킡,탨쟳쟺쿟틆뚯럹뛈뷏듳,뻹뫢뗣평쪱웚ꆣλ{틲듋,1913ꆫ1920쓪,쏱ퟥ놾뫍췢맺E0뗣틆뚯떽E1,뻹뫢볛룱뫍뻹뫢닺솿뚼폐쯹짏놾쓜릻릲듦릲죙ꆣ165
붭몣톧뾯춼1ꆡ릩쟳뇤뮯폫뻹뫢볛룱뫍뻹뫢닺솿뗄뇤뚯1922쓪틔뫳:릩쟳쟷쿲뻹뫢폫쓪뮨즴뇈볛뿉틔뾴떽,1931쓪틔잰뮨즴뇈볛뗄뇤쏱ퟥ놾놻듳맦쒣벷돶뚯럹뛈늻쫇뫜듳,뛸1931쓪틔뫳퓲돶쿖돖탸짏헇릩늻펦쟳늢늻쫇쫐뎡뗄뻹뫢ힴ첬,릩늻펦쟳쟷쫆ꆣλ∼1923ꆫ1936쓪뮨즴뇈볛뗄뻹횵캪3112쯹듸살뗄룟뛮샻죳믡듌벤릩룸퓶볓,듓뛸릩쟳좱떣ퟳ폒,쫇1912ꆫ1922쓪뗄1173놶ꆣ1931쓪잰뿚훰붥쯵킡뮨즴닮볛헛쏗떣쫽뇤뚯럹뛈늻듳,1931쓪뫳돶쿖,릩쟳쎬뛜쯦횮캪릩룸쓚늿쎬뛜,릩룸쓚늿뺺헹훰붥벤뮯,늢ퟮ훕틔벷돶뗄랽쪽,훘탂듳럹뛈퓶볓ꆣµυ1923ꆫ1936쓪뮨즴닮볛헛쏗떣쫽뗷헻릩룸룱뻖ꆣ쓇쎴퓚뺭맽쇋1912ꆫ뗄뻹횵캪16189떣,쫇1912ꆫ1922쓪뗄31931922쓪뗄릩늻펦쟳뷗뛎뫳,믺훆쏞럄횯쫐뎡쫇럱돶쿖쇋릩놶ꆣµϖ춨맽뮨즴뇈볛ꆢ뮨즴닮볛헛쏗떣쫽뗄뇤뚯쟷쟳맘쾵뗄듳뇤뚯쓘쫆,뿉틔뾴떽,뛾헟뇤뚯뷏캪쿠쯆,퓚1930쓪틔잰?뚼쫇컈훐폐짽,뛸퓚1931쓪틔뫳돶쿖듳럹믘짽ꆣ(튻)믺훆쏞즴뗄탨쟳럖컶듓맺췢탨쟳살뾴,1923쓪틔뫳,맺볊쫐뎡탨뻝듋,얩듥쫖릤횯뮧뗄믺즴탨쟳퓚1931쓪틔잰컈쟳틀좻췺쪢훐폐붵,1931쓪틔뫳퓲듳럹쿂붵,떫듓1923ꆫ,쏞즴돶뿚볌탸퓶볓,횱떽1936쓪,쯤좻폐쯹늨뚯,떫ퟜ쳥죔돊짏짽첬쫆ꆣ1936쓪뗄ퟜ쳥쟷쫆살붲,얩듥쫖릤횯뮧믺즴쿻럑1923ꆫ1936쓪볤쏞즴돶뿚ퟮ뗍뗄튻쓪(1925쓪)뇈탨쟳쫇돊쿂붵첬쫆뗄ꆣ1912ꆫ웤듎,살뾴믺웷횯늼뎧믺즴탨쟳뗄뇤뚯ꆣ듓1922쓪볤쏞즴돶뿚ퟮ룟뗄튻쓪(1920쓪)뷶복짙늻ퟣ5잧떣,쿂붵럹뛈늻ퟣ7%ꆣ1923ꆫ1936쓪좫맺쏞늼펦폐쿻럑탨쟳릹돉훐뿉틔뾴떽,1920쓪쏞즴돶뿚쓪뻹횵캪틔잰믺훆늼쯹햼뇈훘늻ퟣ30%,틲듋잰웚믺즴뗄32132췲떣,쫇1914ꆫ1922쓪쿻럑탨쟳훷튪퓚얩듥;떫ퟔ20쫀볍20쓪듺뫳,믺볤쏞즴돶뿚쓪뻹횵뗄8176놶ꆣλ|늼쯹햼뇈훘듳럹퓶볓,1936쓪뇈1920쓪퓶볓쇋듓맺쓚탨쟳살뾴,듋볤,맺쓚쿻럑뷡릹랢짺쇋뷼튻놶,쟒퓚믺늼릹돉훐,뷸뿚믺늼쯹햼뇈훘훰붥뇤뚯ꆣ20쫀볍20쓪듺틔잰,믺즴맺쓚탨쟳틔얩쿂붵,맺쓚믺늼훰붥짏짽,1936쓪맺쓚믺늼틑뷼듥쿻럑헟캪훷쳥,듋뫳쯦ퟅ믺즴듺쳦췁즴맽돌뗄80%ꆣµω뻝듋,1923ꆫ1936쓪믺웷횯늼뎧뗄믺즴훰붥짮죫틔벰믺웷횯늼튵뗄탋웰,믺즴뗄쿻럑뛔탨쟳돊짏짽쟷쫆ꆣ쿳랢짺쇋쿔훸뇤뮯,믺웷횯늼뎧튲돉캪믺즴탨쟳퓙듎,살뾴뮨즴붻닦볛룱떯탔뗄뇤뚯ꆣ붻닦뗄훷튪뛔쿳횮튻ꆣ얩듥쫖횯늼쯹폃믺즴햼탨쟳ퟜ볛룱떯탔µξ쫇횸튻훖짌욷볛룱뇤뚯뛔쇭튻훖짌욷솿뗄뇈훘평1920쓪뗄8619%쿂붵캪1936쓪뗄탨쟳솿뇤뚯뗄펰쿬돌뛈ꆣ죧맻붻닦볛룱떯탔캪43102%,믺훆늼폃즴뗄뇈훘퓲평1920쓪뗄늻ퟣ헽,벴튻훖짌욷볛룱짏짽,믡쿠펦틽웰쇭튻훖짌욷5%퓶뎤떽1936쓪뗄42104%ꆣλ}뻟쳥살붲:쿻럑쫽솿짏짽,퓲쮵쏷뛾헟듦퓚쳦듺맘쾵;랴횮,쫗쿈,살뾴얩듥쫖릤횯뮧쿻럑탨쟳뗄뇤뚯ꆣ죧맻튻훖짌욷볛룱짏짽,틽웰쇋쇭췢튻훖짌욷쿻펰쿬얩듥쫖릤횯뮧믺즴탨쟳뗄훷튪틲쯘틀좻쫇뮨럑쫽솿쿂붵,퓲쮵쏷뛾헟볤듦퓚뮥늹맘쾵ꆣ붻닦즴뇈볛뫍뮨즴닮볛헛쏗떣쫽ꆣ볆쯣1923ꆫ1936볛룱떯탔뗄뻸뛔횵듳킡,뇭쏷쳦듺믲헟뮥늹돌뛈166
뷼듺췢맺퓚뮪횱뷓춶폫쏱ퟥ놾뗄뺺헹뗄듳킡,뻸뛔횵풽듳,쳦듺믲헟뮥늹뗄돌뛈뻍풽ꆫ1936쓪뮨즴붻닦볛룱떯탔죔좻캪뢺,뇭쏷뛾헟룟,랴횮틠랴ꆣ듓뇭4뿉틔뾴떽,1895ꆫ1912쓪볤볌탸캬돖뮥늹맘쾵ꆣ뻍붻닦볛룱떯탔뻸뛔횵듳뮨즴붻닦볛룱떯탔캪헽,헢뇭쏷쏞뮨볛룱짽룟,쏞킡뛸퇔,1895ꆫ1912쓪캪2103,1913ꆫ1922쓪캪즴탨쟳쫽솿믡쿠펦퓶볓,쯹틔뛾헟볤듦퓚뗄쫇튻1186,1923ꆫ1936쓪캪6100,헢쮵쏷,1895ꆫ1912훖쳦듺맘쾵;1913ꆫ1922쓪뮨즴붻닦볛룱떯탔쓪쏞뮨뫍쏞즴횮볤듦퓚뷏잿뗄쳦듺맘쾵,뛸1913캪뢺쫽,헢뇭쏷쏞뮨볛룱짽룟,쏞즴탨쟳쫽솿믡쿠ꆫ1922쓪뛾헟뗄뮥늹돌뛈뮹뫜죵,1923ꆫ1936쓪펦복짙,쯹틔뛾헟볤듦퓚뗄쫇튻훖뮥늹맘쾵;1923뛾헟뗄뮥늹돌뛈쏷쿔퓶잿ꆣ뇭4ꆡ뮨즴붻닦볛룱떯탔쏞뮨뷸뿚볛룱뇤뚯뇈싊쏞즴뷸뿚쫽솿뇤뚯뇈싊뮨즴붻닦볛룱떯탔(ꇷP1/P1)(ꇷQ2/Q2)((ꇷQ2/Q2)/(ꇷP1/P1))1895-1912쓪0163112821031913-1922쓪0122-0141-11861923-1936쓪0151-3106-6100ꆡꆡ힢:P1캪쏞뮨뷸뿚볛룱,Q2캪쏞즴뷸뿚쫽솿ꆣ룹뻝룷룶쪱웚뗄뻹횵볆쯣ꆣ쇏살풴:룹뻝퇮뛋쇹ꆢ뫮뫱엠ꆶ쇹쪮컥쓪살훐맺맺볊쎳틗춳볆ꆷ(맺솢훐퇫퇐뺿쯹짧믡뿆톧퇐뺿쯹1931쓪냦,뗚45튳뫍뗚46튳쫽뻝볆쯣)ꆣꆡꆡ붻닦볛룱떯탔뗄헢훖뇤뮯,폫쏞즴탨쟳뛔쿳뷸뿚쫽솿볌탸쿂붵ꆣ듓믺즴뷸뿚퓶뎤횸쫽뿉틔뾴뗄뇤뚯횱뷓쿠맘ꆣ1895ꆫ1912쓪,믺즴뗄쿻럑탨떽,1929쓪믺즴뷸뿚쫽솿늻ퟣ1913쓪뗄10%,쟳훷튪풴ퟔ얩듥쫖릤횯뮧,웤짺닺맦쒣뷏킡,뿉틔떽1936쓪틑늻ퟣ1913쓪뗄1%ꆣµζ룹뻝뮨즴뇈볛틔벰뮨즴닮볛헛쏗떣쫽쇩믮뻶뚨폃듓맺쓚릩룸뇤뚯살뾴,20쫀볍20쓪듺틔뫳,쏞뮹쫇폃즴,뛾헟횮볤듦퓚뷏잿뗄쳦듺맘쾵,틲듋좫맺즴뎧즴뚧쫽솿쓪뻹퓶뎤싊뷏틔잰폐쿔훸쿂붻닦볛룱떯탔캪뢺;1912쓪틔뫳,믺웷횯늼뎧훰붵,떫죔뛠캪헽쫽,헢뇭쏷믺즴릩룸죔퓚퓶볓ꆣ떫붥탋웰,웤짺닺맦쒣뷏듳,늻뿉쓜퓚뛌쪱볤쓚룄뇤얷쏀뎧뛠듎돶쿖뢺퓶뎤,쮵쏷얷쏀퓚뮪쏞럄횯튵짺닺랽쿲,횻쓜룹뻝쏞뮨볛룱살뻶뚨퓶닺믲헟복춶볌탸돊췋돶첬쫆ꆣµ{뻍믺즴릩룸ퟜ솿살붲,닺,평듋뻍뻶뚨쇋쏞뮨뫍쏞즴횮볤쫇튻훖뮥늹맘1936쓪뇈1920쓪퓶볓쇋뷼1놶ꆣ웤훐,뷸뿚믺쾵,틲듋1913쓪틔뫳붻닦볛룱떯탔캪헽쫽ꆣ듋즴쯹햼뇈훘듓1920쓪뗄30128%쿂붵떽1936쓪뫳,쯦ퟅ믺웷횯늼뎧믺즴탨쟳퓚ퟜ탨쟳훐쯹햼뇈뗄1125%,맺쓚믺즴쯹햼뇈훘퓲평1920쓪뗄늻훘뗄듳럹쳡룟,뮨즴횮볤뗄뮥늹돌뛈튲폐쯹볓잿,ퟣ70%퓶볓떽1936쓪뗄뷼99%ꆣµ|틲듋1923ꆫ1936쓪뗄붻닦볛룱떯탔뇈잰웚룟돶(죽)믺훆쏞즴뗄릩쟳럖컶2놶ퟳ폒ꆣ듓릩쟳ퟜ솿횮닮(뇭1)뿉틔뾴떽,1920쓪릩ퟮ뫳,살뾴탨쟳ퟜ솿뗄뇤뚯ꆣ1923ꆫ1936탨좱뿚뮹뫜듳,1936쓪퓲듳럹쿂붵,뷶폠80췲떣쓪,쯤좻믺즴돶뿚탨쟳ꆢ얩듥쫖릤횯뮧탨쟳틔벰믺ퟳ폒,복짙2놶폐폠,틲듋뿉틔죏캪,1920ꆫ1936웷횯늼뎧탨쟳폐짽폐붵,떫듓ퟜ솿살붲,뷏횮잰웚쓪쫇릩탨쟷쿲뻹뫢뗄쫐뎡뇤쪱웚ꆣ뇈뷏1920뮹쫇폐쯹퓶볓(뇭1)ꆣ듓믺즴탨쟳쓪뻹퓶뎤싊뿉ꆫ1936쓪릩탨퓶뎤쯙뛈(뇭2),뿉틔뾴떽:릩룸ퟜ틔뾴떽,췁늼탨쟳µψ쿂붵뗄쯙뛈뇈믺늼탨쟳퓶볓솿뗄퓶뎤쯙뛈풶뎬맽탨쟳ퟜ솿뗄퓶뎤쯙뛈,뛾헟뗄쯙뛈뗍,퓙볓횮믺늼탨쟳쯹햼뇈훘훰붥볓듳,쯹볤뗄닮뻠듳캪쯵킡;웤훐,맺쓚릩룸퓶뎤쯙뛈뎬맽틔떼훂쇋듋볤탨쟳ퟜ솿죔좻돊퓶볓쟷쫆ꆣ탨쟳퓶뎤쯙뛈뗄쟷쫆폐쯹쫕솲,맺췢탨쟳퓶뎤쯙(뛾)믺훆쏞즴뗄릩룸럖컶뛈뎬맽릩룸퓶뎤쯙뛈뗄첬쫆튲퓚쯵킡,쯹틔듓퓶듓맺췢릩룸뇤뚯살뾴,1923ꆫ1936쓪,믺즴뎤쯙뛈살붲,1920ꆫ1936쓪튲쫇릩쟳닮뻠훰붥쯵167
붭몣톧뾯킡뗄쪱웚ꆣ듓릩쟳쟺쿟뗄틆뚯짏뿉틔뾴떽,1920ꆫ1936듓릩쟳볛룱떯탔(뇭3)뿉틔뾴떽,1936쓪뗄쓪릩룸쟺쿟뗄틆뚯럹뛈뷏듳,탨쟳쟺쿟뗄틆뚯럹탨쟳볛룱떯탔뇈1920쓪폐쯹쿂붵,쟒틑벸뫵캪뛈뷏킡,뻹뫢뗣평E1틆떽E2,뻹뫢닺솿폐쯹짏0µ},튲뻍쫇쮵,떽1936쓪믺즴볛룱뇤뚯뛔탨쟳뗄짽,뻹뫢볛룱폐쯹쿂붵ꆣ퓚릩쟳쟷폚뻹뫢뗄맽돌펰쿬틑뺭캢뫵웤캢;뛸춬쓪뗄릩룸볛룱떯탔좴퓚훐,샻죳싊믡훰붥쿂붵ꆣ샺쪷쫂쪵잡잡뻍쫇죧듋,퓶볓,튲뻍쫇쮵,릩룸뛔볛룱뗄뇤뚯뇈틔잰룼캪쏴1905ꆫ1913쓪뮪뎧욽뻹샻죳싊캪25103%,췢뎧룐,헢뻍룼볓뇭쏷,쯦ퟅ릩쟳쟷쿲뻹뫢,릩룸늻퓙캪31157%,뛸1931-1936쓪뮪뎧붵떽9145%,튻캶쎤쒿뗘퓶볓,뛸쫇쯦볛룱뇤뚯뷸탐쿠펦뗄뗷췢뎧캪20123%ꆣµ∼헻ꆣ춼2ꆡ릩쟳뇤뮯폫뻹뫢볛룱뫍뻹뫢닺솿뗄뇤뚯킡ꆡ뷡1990쓪냦,뗚1065튳ꆣꆡꋜλωµ{룹뻝뚡쿍ꆶ훐맺뷼듺믺웷쏞럄횯릤튵짨놸ꆢ놾ꆢ닺튻룶볲떥뗄닺튵ퟩ횯쒣탍뇭쏷νυ,퓚듦퓚맦솿ꆢ닺횵뗄춳볆뫍맀솿ꆷꆶ,훐맺뷼듺뺭볃쪷퇐뺿쇏ꆷ(6),짏쒣뺭볃뗄쫐뎡뷡릹훐몣짧믡뿆톧풺돶냦짧1987쓪냦,뗚87ꆫ88튳쫽뻝볆쯣ꆣ,돶쿖듳맦쒣뿷쯰쫇뇘좻뗄ꆣꆡꋝ1914ꆫ1922쓪믺즴돶뿚쫽솿쿪볻퇮뛋쇹ꆢ뫮뫱엠ꆶ쇹쪮컥쓪뻍뷼듺훐맺믺훆쏞럄횯릤튵살붲,춨맽뛔믺훆쏞살훐맺맺볊쎳틗춳볆ꆷ,맺솢훐퇫퇐뺿풺짧믡뿆톧퇐뺿쯹즴뗄릩쟳럖컶,컒쏇랢쿖,퓚뺭맽쇋1912ꆫ19221931쓪냦,뗚41튳ꆣ쓪뗄릩늻펦쟳뷗뛎틔뫳,쯦ퟅ릩룸뗄퓶볓,뗄좷돶ꆡꋞ퇳즴훊뗘짏뗄늻ퟣ뫳살캪볛룱짏뗄폅쫆쯹쏖늹,뻍쫇뫜뫃뗄쿖쇋쫐뎡릩쟳맘쾵뗄뇤뚯,튲헽쫇헢훖쫐뎡릩쟳횤쏷ꆣ맘쾵뗄뇤뚯ꆡꋟ룹뻝튦쿍룤ꆶ훐맺뷼듺뛔췢쎳틗쪷쇏ꆷ(훐뮪쫩뻖1962쓪,ퟮ훕떼훂쇋쏱ퟥ놾놻듳맦쒣벷돶ꆣ냦,뗚2닡,뗚1249튳;뗚3닡,뗚1368튳)ꆢ퇮뛋쇹ꆢ뫮뫱엠튻룶탨튪볌탸ힷ컊뗄컊쳢뻍쫇,캪쪲쎴릩쟳ꆶ쇹쪮컥쓪살훐맺맺볊쎳틗춳볆ꆷ(맺솢훐퇫퇐뺿풺짧믡뿆톧룱뻖뗷헻뗄ퟮ훕뷡맻쫇쏱ퟥ놾놻듳맦쒣벷돶,퇐뺿쯹1931쓪냦,뗚45ꆢ47튳)쫽뻝볆쯣ꆣ뛸늻쫇췢맺놾,톧뷧듳뚼붫웤맩폚죕뎧뗄업벷ꆡꋠ룹뻝튦쿍룤ꆶ훐맺뷼듺뛔췢쎳틗쪷쇏ꆷ(훐뮪쫩뻖1962쓪틔벰헾뢮뗄톹웈,컒쏇죏캪늢늻뺡좻,뛔듋ퟶ쇭컄냦,뗚2닡,뗚1249튳,뗚3닡,뗚1368튳)ꆢ퇮뛋쇹ꆢ뫮뫱엠쫶ꆣꆶ쇹쪮컥쓪살훐맺맺볊쎳틗춳볆ꆷ(맺솢훐퇫퇐뺿풺짧믡뿆톧νϖ퇐뺿쯹1931쓪냦,뗚43튳,뗚45튳,뗚47튳)쫽뻝볆쯣ꆣꆡꋡ퇮뛋쇹ꆢ뫮뫱엠ꆶ:쇹쪮컥쓪살훐맺맺볊쎳틗춳볆ꆷ,맺솢훐퇫ꆡꋙ솺뮪ꆶ:1840ꆫ1936쓪췢맺퓚뮪횱뷓춶벷돶킧펦퇐뺿ꆷꆶ,훐퇐뺿풺짧믡뿆톧퇐뺿쯹1931쓪냦,뗚41튳;탬탂컡ꆶ:붭쓏맺뺭볃쪷퇐뺿ꆷ2004쓪뗚4웚ꆣ췁늼쪷ꆷ,짏몣짧믡뿆톧풺돶냦짧1992쓪냦,뗚225튳ꆣꆡꋚ믺훆쏞럄횯튵뗄랢햹훷튪틔믺훆쏞즴캪훷,틲듋컒쏇뷶뛔믺ꆡꋢ튻햽웚볤,펢맺췋돶훐맺쫐뎡,죕놾뫍펡뛈돋믺뛸죫,떫훐맺훆쏞즴뷸탐럖컶ꆣ쫐뎡쯹탨믺즴틀좻틔듖즴캪훷,뛸죕놾뫍펡뛈퓚듋웚볤듳솦ꆡꋛ탭뗓탂ꆢ컢돐쏷ꆶ:훐맺놾훷틥랢햹쪷ꆷ뗚뛾뻭,죋쏱돶냦짧랢햹뗄좴쫇쾸즴,볓횮죕놾뫍펡뛈솽맺듋볤믺훆쏞늼튵뗄랢168
뷼듺췢맺퓚뮪횱뷓춶폫쏱ퟥ놾뗄뺺헹햹뎬맽쇋믺즴,웤맺쓚믺즴쿻럑릩늻펦쟳,쯹틔죕놾뫍펡뛈ꆡµϖ룹뻝퇮뛋쇹ꆢ뫮뫱엠ꆶ:쇹쪮컥쓪살훐맺맺볊쎳틗춳볆ꆷ,뗚돶뿚훐맺뗄믺즴쫽솿튲늻뛠ꆣ닎볻퇏훐욽ꆶ훐맺쏞럄횯쪷43ꆢ45ꆢ47튳쫽뻝볆쯣ꆣ룥ꆷ,뿆톧돶냦짧1963쓪냦,뗚149ꆫ150튳ꆣꆡµω좫맺쏞늼쿻럑탨쟳릹돉쿪볻탬탂컡ꆶ붭쓏췁늼쪷ꆷ,짏몣짧믡ꆡλϖ즴뚧쫽솿쓪뻹퓶뎤싊듺뇭즴뎧짨놸춶뇤뚯,뿉틔랴펳믺즴뿆톧풺돶냦짧1992쓪냦,뗚223튳ꆣ릩룸ힴ뿶ꆣꆡµξ붻닦볛룱떯탔=(ꇷQ2/Q2)/(ꇷP1/P1),웤훐:P1,짌욷1뗄ꆡλξ퇮뛋쇹ꆢ뫮뫱엠ꆶ:쇹쪮컥쓪살훐맺맺볊쎳틗춳볆ꆷ,뗚46튳;볛룱;Q2,짌욷2뗄쿻럑솿ꆣ탬탂컡ꆶ:붭쓏췁늼쪷ꆷ,짏몣짧믡뿆톧풺돶냦짧1992쓪냦,ꆡµψ냼삨췁늼폃즴뫍룄솼췁늼폃즴,잰헟횸얩듥췁늼펦폐폃즴ퟜ뗚225튳ꆣ솿,냼삨얩듥췁늼뛔믺즴뗄잱퓚탨쟳ꆣꆡλψ훐맺뷼듺릤튵훷튪틀뾿뷸뿚짨놸ꆢ웷닄뫍풭닄쇏,쫐뎡볛룱ꆡµζ퇮뛋쇹ꆢ뫮뫱엠ꆶ:쇹쪮컥쓪살훐맺맺볊쎳틗춳볆ꆷ,맺솢훐퇫쫜떽뷸뿚볛룱쮮욽횧엤,폫뷸뿚볛룱쮮욽뗄뇤뚯뻟폐뷏룟돌퇐뺿풺짧믡뿆톧퇐뺿쯹1931쓪냦,뗚46튳ꆣ뛈뗄튻훂탔,뻝듋,퓚볆쯣믺즴릩룸볛룱떯탔쪱,닉폃믺즴뷸ꆡµ|룹뻝퇮뛋쇹ꆢ뫮뫱엠ꆶ쇹쪮컥쓪살훐맺맺볊쎳틗춳볆ꆷ,맺솢뿚볛룱ꆣ평폚훐맺맺쓚쫐뎡짌욷볛룱쫜맺볊쫐뎡짌욷볛룱훐퇫퇐뺿풺짧믡뿆톧퇐뺿쯹1931쓪냦,뗚46튳;탬탂컡:뗄펰쿬,폫돶뿚볛룱뗄뇤뚯뻟폐뷏룟돌뛈뗄튻훂탔,쯹틔,퓚ꆶ붭쓏췁늼쪷ꆷ,짏몣짧믡뿆톧풺돶냦짧1992쓪냦,뗚225튳볆쯣믺즴탨쟳볛룱떯탔쪱,닉폃믺즴돶뿚볛룱ꆣ볻컢돐쏷쫽뻝볆쯣ꆣꆶ싛컒맺냫횳쏱뗘냫럢붨맺쓚쫐뎡ꆷꆶ,훐맺놾훷틥폫맺쓚ꆡµ}1920쓪떽1936쓪볤뗄탨쟳볛룱떯탔틀뻉캪헽쫽,풭틲훷튪쫐뎡ꆷ,훐맺짧믡뿆톧돶냦짧1985쓪냦,뗚274ꆫ280튳ꆣ퓚폚햽헹틔벰퓖믄뗄펰쿬ꆣ1920ꆫ1937쓪쫇퓖몦뗄좺랢웚,ꆡλζ튻냣살붲,탨쟳뗄볛룱떯탔뚼쫇뢺뗄,떫쫇,탨쟳떯탔캪헽뗄퓚듋횮잰뫍횮뫳뚼쫇튻룶쿠뛔뷏캪욽뺲뗄쪱웚ꆣ1920쓪뫍쟩뿶튲쫇췪좫뿉쓜뗄,뇈죧,떱뒦폚햽헹믲헟벢믄쓪듺,믲헟1938쓪쫇솽룶뇈뷏쏷쿔뗄럖뷧뗣,듋잰1912ꆫ1919쓪욽뻹떱쿻럑헟뗄욫뫃랢짺쇋뇤뮯뗈뗈ꆣ헢샯탨쟳떯탔평뢺쫽뇤쎿쓪쫜퓖168쿘듎,듋뫳1938ꆫ1941쓪캪215쿘듎,뛸1920캪헽쫽,컒쏇죏캪,훷튪풭틲퓚폚쿻럑헟욫뫃뗄뇤뮯ꆣ틲캪,ꆫ1927쓪캪416쿘듎,1928ꆫ1937쓪캪771쿘듎ꆣ쿄쏷랽:뷘훁1913쓪,믺즴틑뺭햼쏞즴쿻럑ퟜ솿뗄70%틔짏,쯹틔듋ꆶ뾹햽쪱웚훐맺뗄퓖믄폫죋뿚잨틆ꆷꆶ,뾹죕햽헹퇐뺿ꆷ2000쓪뫳뗄벸쓪헽쫇죋쏇뛔폚믺즴뗄쿻럑쾰맟헽퓚탎돉뗄쪱웚ꆣ뗚2웚ꆣꆡλ{퓚듋웚볤,훐췢쏞럄횯튵춶뚼뒦폚놩샻뷗뛎,1914ꆫ1922ꆡµ∼퇏훐욽ꆶ:훐맺뷼듺뺭볃쪷춳볆쇏톡벭ꆷ,뿆톧돶냦짧1955쓪8쓪볤욽뻹펯샻싊룟듯13189%ꆣ볻퇏훐욽ꆶ훐맺뷼듺뺭쓪냦,뗚168튳ꆣ볃쪷춳볆쇏톡벭ꆷ,뿆톧돶냦짧1957쓪냦,뗚165튳ꆣꆡνυ헅뻼ꆶ:탨쟳ꆢ맦쒣킧펦폫훐맺맺폐릤튵뗄뿷쯰:튻룶닺튵ퟩꆡλ|퇮뛋쇹ꆢ뫮뫱엠ꆶ:쇹쪮컥쓪살훐맺맺볊쎳틗춳볆ꆷ,맺솢훐퇫횯뗄랽램ꆷꆶ,뺭볃퇐뺿ꆷ1998쓪뗚6웚ꆣ퇐뺿풺짧믡뿆톧퇐뺿쯹1931쓪냦,뗚41튳ꆣꆡνϖ솺뮪ꆶ:뷼듺쏞럄횯튵춶닟싔뗄훐죕뇈뷏ꆷꆶ,컷놱쪦랶듳톧ꆡλ}퇮뛋쇹ꆢ뫮뫱엠ꆶ:쇹쪮컥쓪살훐맺맺볊쎳틗춳볆ꆷ,맺솢훐퇫톧놨ꆷ2005쓪뗚5웚ꆣ퇐뺿풺짧믡뿆톧퇐뺿쯹1931쓪냦,뗚41튳;탬탂컡ꆶ:붭쓏췁늼쪷ꆷ,짏몣짧믡뿆톧풺돶냦짧1992쓪냦,뗚225튳ꆣퟷ헟볲뷩:솺뮪,1974쓪짺,뺭볃톧늩쪿,훐ꆡλ∼헢훷튪쫇평1931쓪틔뫳쏞뮨뷸뿚볛룱돖탸쿂붵,뛸쏞즴뷸뿚볛룱돖탸짏짽쯹훂ꆣ맺짧믡뿆톧퓓횾짧뇠벭ꆣꆡꆲ퓰죎뇠벭:엋ꆡ쟥ꆳµυ돽좥뮨즴닮볛퓶볓틲쯘,뷸뿚쏗볛쿂붵튲쫇풭틲횮튻ꆣ169
thebankcapital,,bothintheMainlandandinTaiwan,inordertopromotemanufacturingindustry,financialsysteminnovation,mechanisminnovationandpolicyinnovationwillneedtospeedup.(6)OnꆰCollaberationꆱandꆰCooperationꆱZhangKangzhiꆡꆤ98ꆤInthehumansociallifeandinteraction,,,intheframeofproductionandlifeinindustri2alsociety,whathasbeenfosteredisonlythemodeofcollaberation,whileinthesurpassingprocessofindustrialsociety,ꆰmutualcomplementꆱintheinteraction,,theconstitutionofthesocialgovernancemodeneedstoconstituteacooperativesocialgoverningsystemaccordingtothere2quirementofthecooperationsociety.(7)GovernmentandMarketRelations:DualGamblingandPartnershipLiuZuyunꆡꆤ106ꆤTheresearchesoftherelationbetweenthegovernmentandthemarketintheacademiccirclesmaybesum2marizedas:gradualdevelopmentinresearchmethods,;theidealofꆰcooperationpartnershipꆱshowsthenewrelationshipbetweenthegovernmentandthemarket;tocultivatethechamberofcommerceistheorganizationalsupportandtherealisticroutetocon2stitutethenewpartnershipbetweenthegovernmentandthemarket.(8)USDeathPanaltyinRecentYearsandReformLiuZhiweiꆡLiuKeꆡꆤ118ꆤ,executions,orthesizeofdeathrow,,someStatesdeclaredthemoratoriumonexecu2tions,,suchreformscausedsomedebates.(9)CompetitionofForeignDirectInvestmentandNationalCapitalinModernTimesLiangHuaꆡꆤ163ꆤInviewofmodernmachinetextilemarketinmodernChina,therelationshipbetweentheforeigndirectinvestmentandthenationalcapitalcanmailydividedintotwoperiods:before1922,bothboomedandcoexisted;after1922,aftercruelcompetition,
