뗚??뻭뗚?웚뚫놱듳톧톧놨?ퟔ좻뿆톧냦?Vol????No??????쓪?퓂JournalofNortheasternUniversity?NaturalScience?Jun?????컄헂뇠뫅??????????????????????????믹폚퓋쫤맦쒣뺭볃뗄솬쯸쏅뗪ퟮ폅뚩믵욵싊맘횾쏱?첷?쇨?십쟕몣?샮쟯헽?뚫놱듳톧릤짌맜샭톧풺?쇉쓾짲퇴????????햪???튪?퇐뺿쇋탨쟳늻좷뚨ꆢ듦퓚퓋쫤맦쒣뺭볃킧펦쿂뗄솬쯸쏅뗪ퟮ폅뚩믵욵싊ꆤ퓚ퟛ뫏뾼싇쏅뗪떽엤쯍훐탄뗄퓋쫤돉놾ꆢ솬쯸쏅뗪뫍엤쯍훐탄룷ퟔ뗄뿢듦돉놾ꆢ쏅뗪뗄뚩믵돉놾뗄믹뒡짏?붨솢쇋뷏캪좫쏦뗄쾵춳쓪ퟜ돉놾쒣탍?틔솬쯸쏅뗪뗄럾컱쮮욽캪풼쫸쳵볾?헒떽쇋돉놾ퟮ폅뗄솬쯸쏅뗪ퟮ폅뚩믵욵싊ꆤ늢춨맽럂헦?럖컶쇋탨쟳뇤뮯뛔솬쯸쏅뗪ퟮ폅뚩믵욵싊뗄펰쿬?캪솬쯸웳튵뗄뿢듦뻶닟쳡릩쇋훘튪틀뻝ꆤ맘?볼?듊?솬쯸쏅뗪?뚩믵욵싊?뿢듦?퓋쫤맦쒣뺭볃?럾컱쮮욽?돉놾쒣탍훐춼럖샠뫅?F??????컄쿗뇪쪶싫?A럻뫅뇭??k쏅뗪뗄낲좫뿢듦틲ퟓ?ꮏQ쏅뗪뗄뚩믵솿?볾?듎?믵솿??N쏅뗪뗄볬닩훜웚?튲쫇쏅뗪IR쏅뗪뗄뿢듦쮮욽?Les쏅뗪뗄럾컱쮮욽??뗄뚩믵볤룴웚?IDC엤쯍훐탄뗄뿢듦쮮욽?Lts쏅뗪뗄쒿뇪럾컱쮮욽??M쏅뗪뗄뚩믵쳡잰웚?HR쏅뗪뗄떥캻뿢듦럑폃?풪?w떥볾닺욷훊솿?t?볾???S쏅뗪뗄ퟮ듳뿢듦쮮욽??쓪ꆤ볾??ꛗ?q?엤쯍훐탄떽쏅뗪뗄퓋볛몯??SDC엤쯍훐탄뗄ퟮ듳뿢듦쮮욽?HDC엤쯍훐탄뗄떥캻뿢듦럑폃?쫽?풪??kmꆤt????Ss쏅뗪뗄낲좫뿢듦?풪??쓪ꆤ볾??L쏅뗪떽엤쯍훐탄뗄뻠샫??SSO쏅뗪뗄뚩믵돉놾?풪?듎sdc엤쯍훐탄뗄낲좫뿢듦?e쏅뗪퓚뚩믵훜웚쓚뗄풤웚좱ꆤ웹뷱캪횹?헫뛔EOQ쒣탍뫍놨춯쒣탍헢솽쿂?뗘쟸럖쿺쾵춳뗄뛀솢뫍솪뫏뻶닟폅뮯쒣탍뗈ꆤ듳뺭뗤뿢듦쒣탍뗄삩햹퇐뺿훷튪벯훐퓚볓죫탂뗄솬쯸뺭펪훐뿢듦쫇놣횤쏅뗪뺭펪믮뚯돖탸뷸돉놾믲룄뷸풭폐돉놾쏨쫶랽쪽짏ꆤ죧컄쿗???퇐뺿탐뗄훘튪뮷뷚ꆤ훚쯹훜횪?쇣쫛뗪쏦뗄닖뒢뿕볤돉쇋듦퓚탨쟳쳦듺쪱뛠닺욷뿢듦컊쳢?컄쿗???퇐뺿놾뇈엤쯍훐탄뗄닖뒢뿕볤돉놾튪룟돶탭뛠ꆤ쇣쫛쇋떱탨쟳폫떱잰뿢듦쮮욽쿠맘쪱뗄ퟮ폅닉릺닟뗪쏦뗄뿢듦틆떽엤쯍훐탄?컞틉믡듳듳복짙솬싔?컄쿗???퇐뺿쇋탨쟳폫쪱볤쿠맘뗄틗쯰뫄욷뗄쯸웳튵뗄헻쳥뿢듦돉놾ꆤ틲듋엤쯍훐탄벯훐뿘훆ퟮ폅뿢듦닟싔?컄쿗?????퇐뺿쇋탨쟳캪늴쯉럖늼뿢듦쫇솬쯸웳튵붵뗍펪퓋돉놾뗄맘볼뮷뷚횮튻ꆤ뗄뛠벶뿢듦쾵춳ꆤ컄쿗???뇈뷏쇋평솽룶쇣쫛짌튻뛸쟒쏅뗪뗄닖뒢뿕볤뮯캪쿺쫛뿕볤?뿉틔듳듳룶훆퓬짌릹돉뗄쾵춳훐뗄벯훐뿢듦닟싔뫍럖즢뿢퓶볓쿺쫛솿ꆤ듦닟싔?컄쿗???뇈뷏쇋평튻룶훆퓬짌뫍n룶쇣쫛뛸쇭튻랽쏦?퓋쫤듦퓚ퟅ퓋쫤엺솿뗄맦쒣뺭짌릹돉뗄쾵춳?뒫춳뗄뚩믵닟싔폫탅쾢릲쿭쿂뗄볃킧펦?욵랱뗄ꆢ킡엺솿뗄뛔쏅뗪뗄퓋쯍?폖퓶볓뚩믵닟싔ꆤ쇋엤쯍훐탄엤쯍닙ퟷ뗄쓑뛈?뛸쟒샋럑퓋쫤솿?쪹쯦ퟅ퇐뺿뗄뷸햹?튻킩톧헟붫퓋쫤돉놾볓떽퓋쫤돉놾짏짽ꆤ틲듋탭뛠엤쯍훐탄뛔쏅뗪뗄뚩믵뒫춳뿢듦쒣탍훐?ퟶ돶퓋쫤뫍뿢듦뗄솪뫏뻶닟ꆤ죧욵싊ꆢퟮ킡뚩믵솿ퟷ쇋쿞훆ꆤ쓇쎴죧뫎퓚낺맳뗄뗪컄쿗???퇐뺿쇋퓋쫤랽쪽뫍ퟮ폅뿢듦뿘훆뗄솪뫏쏦뿢듦뿕볤돉놾폫킡엺솿퓋쯍뗄퓋쫤돉놾볤좡뗃닟싔?컄쿗???퇐뺿쇋뾼싇럇쿟탔퓋쫤돉놾뗄쳵볾헛훔쓘?놾컄룹뻝솬쯸웳튵뿢듦쾵춳뗄쳘뗣?쏨쫶쇋쫕룥죕웚???????????믹뷰쿮쒿?맺볒ퟔ좻뿆톧믹뷰훺쿮쒿??????????ꆤퟷ헟볲뷩?맘횾쏱????????쓐?쇉쓾뾪풭죋?뚫놱듳톧뢱뷌쫚?십쟕몣????????쓐?즽뚫폣첨죋?뚫놱듳톧뷌쫚ꆤ?
뗚?웚??????맘횾쏱뗈?믹폚퓋쫤맦쒣뺭볃뗄솬쯸쏅뗪ퟮ폅뚩믵욵싊???튻룶솬쯸쏅뗪쿲튻룶엤쯍훐탄뚩릺떥튻닺욷쪱뗄퓲엤쯍훐탄욽뻹뿢듦쮮욽캪뿢듦쾵춳쒣탍?볓죫쇋뛔퓋쫤럑싊뗄럇쿟탔쏨쫶?퇐뺿쇋떱퓋쫤럑싊쟺쿟뫣뚨쪱?죧뫎퓚뿢듦쿠맘ꮀIDC????S?DC?Ssdc??Ssdc???ꮏQ??돉놾폫퓋쫤돉놾볤좡뗃헛훔?헒떽뗪쏦ퟮ폅뚩믵??SDC?Ssdc?Nꛌ??ꆤ???욵싊뗄컊쳢ꆤ엤쯍훐탄뿢듦돉놾캪??쒣탍뗄믹놾볙짨CH?HDDCꮀ?IDC?HDC?SDC?Ssdc?Nꛌ?C?ꆤ???솬쯸쏅뗪뗄짌욷평엤쯍훐탄릩룸?쏅뗪???닉좡훜웚볬닩뗄뿢듦닟싔?볬닩훜웚캪N쳬?뚩믵쳡잰웚캪M쳬????엤쯍훐탄닉좡솬탸볬닩뗄뿢듦닟싔????엤쯍훐탄쿲뎧볒뗄뚩믵늻쫜쏅뗪뚩믵욵싊뗄펰쿬????엤쯍훐탄떽쏅뗪뗄퓋쫤듦퓚퓋쫤엺솿뗄춼??엤쯍훐탄뗄뿢듦쮮욽뇤뮯쪾틢춼맦쒣뺭볃킧펦?Fig???Inventorylevelsofadistributioncenter???쏅뗪뗄죕탨쟳솿럾듓뇪ힼ헽첬럖늼?뻹???퓋쫤돉놾횵캪ꛌ?랽닮캪ꛒ?ꆤ뾼싇떽떥캻퓋럑쯦퓋쫤엺솿뗄퓶볓뛸복짙?쟒복짙뗄쟷쫆훰붥쟷뮺뗄쳘뗣?냑떥캻퓋럑쏨쫶캪쯦??ퟜ돉놾쒣탍뗄붨솢벰ퟮ폅뚩믵욵?싊뗄쟳뷢퓋퓘솿뗄듳킡뛸룄뇤뗄횸쫽몯쫽탎쪽ꛗ?q??ꛁ?wꆤꛂ??q??웤훐ꛁ??????ꛂ???ꆤ퓋쫤돉놾캪떥캻퓋볛????ퟜ돉놾쒣탍폫퓋쯍뻠샫ꆢ퓋퓘훊솿틔벰쓪퓋쯍듎쫽횮믽ꆤ???쏅뗪뗄뿢듦돉놾쎿듎쏅뗪랢돶뚩믵솿?ퟮ듳뿢듦쮮욽?쪣폠CT?LꆤwꮏQꛗ?ꮏQ?ꆤ???ꛌꮏQ?뿢듦솿?쳡잰웚욽뻹탨쟳솿?뗄뚩떥?웤뿢듦쮮욽LꆤwNꛌꆤꛁ?wNꛌꛂ?ꆤ???N?뇤뮯쟺쿟죧춼?쯹쪾ꆤ???Lꛁwꛂ??Nꛂꛌꛂ??ꆤ???춼??솬쯸쏅뗪뗄뿢듦쮮욽뇤뮯쪾틢춼Fig???Inventorylevelsofachainstore춼??떥캻퓋볛폫퓋퓘솿뗄맘쾵쪾틢춼쏅뗪낲좫뿢듦캪Fig???Therelationshipbetweenfreightand?cargocarriedSs?kMꛒ???????뚩믵돉놾쏅뗪ퟮ듳뿢듦쮮욽캪쏅뗪뗄뚩믵돉놾캪떥듎뗄뚩믵돉놾폫쓪뚩믵S?Nꛌ?Ss?Nꛌ?kMꛒ????듎쫽횮믽?쏅뗪뗄뚩믵솿캪ꮏCO?Oꆤ???ꛌQ?Nꛌ????ꮏQ?O???Nꆤ???쏅뗪욽뻹뿢듦쮮욽캪???ퟜ돉놾ꮀCt?CH?CH?CT?CO?IR?ꮏQ???SRDCs?Nꛌ???kMꛒ????쏅뗪뿢듦돉놾캪HNꛌR??kMꛒ???CH?HRꮀIR?HR?Nꛌ???kMꛒ?ꆤ????RH?DC?SDC?Ssdc?Nꛌ?????엤쯍훐탄뗄뿢듦돉놾엤쯍훐탄뗄뿢듦쮮욽뇤뮯쟺쿟죧춼?쯹쪾ꆤ???Lꛁwꛂ??Nꛂꛌꛂ???O???Nꆤ????
???뚫놱듳톧톧놨?ퟔ좻뿆톧냦????????????뗚??뻭????쒿뇪럾컱쮮욽쿂?쏅뗪ퟮ폅뚩믵욵싊뗄쟳뷢???쟳뷢????쏅뗪뗄럾컱쮮욽쿔좻ퟜ돉놾몯쫽쫇솬탸뗄?뛔쪽????쟳맘폚틔튻듎뚩믵뗄쯍듯떽쿂튻듎뚩믵뗄쯍듯캪튻N뗄뛾뷗욫떼쫽?뿉뗃룶뚩믵훜웚??샽죧춼?훐듓M쳬떽M?N쳬쫇dCt튻룶뚩믵훜웚?ꆤ튻룶뚩믵훜웚쓚?쏅뗪뗄탨쟳솿dN?????Lꛁꛂ?ꛂ???wꛂ??Nꛂ??ꛌꛂ???럾듓뻹횵캪Nꛌ?랽닮캪Nꛒ?뗄뇪ힼ헽첬럖늼?웤O???N???ꆤ????룅싊쏜뛈몯쫽폃g?z?살뇭쪾ꆤ뚩믵훜웚쓚뗄풤웚좱믵솿캪쯹틔?ퟜ돉놾몯쫽쫇튻룶맘폚N뗄쿂춹몯쫽?뿉퓚맘폚N뗄튻뷗욫떼쫽캪?뒦헒떽벫킡횵ꆤSe?ꇒ?ꇞ?z?S?ꆤg?z?dzꆤ????SdCt??HRdNꛌ??HDCꛌ?평컄쿗??????폐ꇒ?ꇞ???Lꛁꛂwꛂ??Nꛂ??ꛌꛂ????z?S?ꆤg?z?dz??Nꛌ?S?ꇁSO???N???????????ꚵ?S?NꛌMꛒ???Mꛒꛕ?S?NꛌMꛒ?ꆤ뿉폃뛾럖램믲쯑쯷램톰헒쪽????뗄뷢N?ꆤ????뛸쟒쏅뗪뗄럾컱쮮욽뇘탫싺ퟣ쒿뇪럾컱쮮쯹틔욽?SLe???kMꛒ????ꚵ?k???Mꛒꛕ?k?ꆤesꇝLtsꆤ????????죧맻쪽????뗄뷢N?싺ퟣ쪽?????퓲N?캪쏅뗪뗄럾컱쮮욽캪튻룶뚩믵훜웚쓚탨쟳뗃떽싺ퟣ쯹쟳ꆤ죧맻늻싺ퟣ?퓲쪽????풼쫸쿂쪹쪽????뗄ퟜ뗄뇈샽돉놾ퟮ킡뗄N횵캪쯹쟳ꆤSeLes???Nꛌ?????????????쯣??샽Mꛒ?ꛕ?k??k???ꚵ?k???????믹놾쯣샽Nꛌꆤ????쒣탍훐폃떽뗄닎쫽죧뇭?쯹쪾ꆤ뇭??쒣탍훐뗄훷튪닎쫽횵Table??Themainparametersinthemodels닎쫽HRꛌwꛁOLtsHDCꛒLꛂk쫽횵??????????????????????????????????????뺭볆쯣뿉뗃N????????캪쯹쟳?좡헻뗃N쪱?뷏뛌볤룴웚뗄뚩믵솿뻍쓜좡뗃뷏룟뗄퓋쫤맦??ꆤ평듋뿉볻ퟮ폅뚩믵욵싊쫇쎿룴?쳬뚩튻듎믵ꆤ쒣뺭볃ꆤ뛸쟒쯦ퟅ탨쟳퓶볓뗄럹뛈볓듳?뚩믵볤룴????럂헦럖컶웚복짙뗄쯙뛈훰붥복뮺?헢쫇평맦쒣뺭볃킧펦뗝탨쟳뻹횵뇤뚯뛔ퟮ폅뚩믵욵싊뗄펰쿬죧춼?복맦싉떼훂뗄ꆤ쯹쪾ꆤ뿉틔뾴돶떱탨쟳뻹횵풽듳?쏅뗪뚩믵볤룴웚풽뎤?벴ퟮ폅뚩믵욵싊풽킡ꆤ헢쫇틲캪탨쟳솿뷏듳??뷡??싛놾컄퇐뺿쇋튻룶솬쯸쏅뗪쿲튻룶엤쯍훐탄뚩릺떥튻닺욷쪱?죧뫎퓚낺맳뗄뗪쏦뿢듦뿕볤돉놾폫킡엺솿퓋쯍뗄퓋쫤럑폃볤좡뗃헛훔뗄컊쳢ꆤ뾼싇떽퓋쫤뗄맦쒣뺭볃킧펦?폃횸쫽몯쫽살뇭쪾퓋쫤떥볛쯦퓋쫤엺솿뗄퓶볓뛸복짙뗄쳘탔?틔쪹뻶닟뇈뒫춳뗄ퟮ폅뚩믵엺솿쒣탍룼캪ힼ좷ꆤ뛸쟒럖컶쇋탨쟳뇤뚯쪱?ퟮ폅뚩믵욵싊뗄뇤뮯쟩뿶?캪솬쯸웳튵뗄뿢듦뻶닟쳡릩쇋훘튪틀뻝ꆤ헢튻쒣탍뷶춼??탨쟳뻹횵뇤뚯뛔ퟮ폅뚩믵볤룴웚뗄펰쿬뷶뾼싇쇋떥튻닺욷뗄쟩뿶?뛠닺욷쟩뿶쿂뗄ퟮ폅Fig???Theeffectofaveragedemandonoptimal뚩믵욵싊폫솪뫏뚩믵뗄ퟛ뫏뻶닟쫇캴살뫜폐틢틥?orderinterval뗄퇐뺿랽쿲ꆤ
뗚?웚??????맘횾쏱뗈?믹폚퓋쫤맦쒣뺭볃뗄솬쯸쏅뗪ퟮ폅뚩믵욵싊???versusmanufacturer?J??ManagementScience????????닎뾼컄쿗????????????????CachonGP?FisherM?Supplychaininventorymanagement????BassokY?AnupindiR?AkellaR?Single?periodmultiproductand?thevalueofsharedinformation?J??WorkingPaper?inventorymodelswithsubstitution?J??OperationsResearch?????????????????????????????????????TyworthJE?ZengAZ?Estimatingtheeffectsofcarrier????HwangH?HahnKH?Anoptimalprocurementpolicyfortransit?timeperformanceonlogisticscostandservice?J???itemswithaninventorylevel?dependentdemandrateandTransportationResearchPartA?PolicyandPractice?fixedlifetime?J??EuropeanJournalofOperational?????????????????Research????????????????????????룟뻾뻾?췵펭뻼?맹퇇뻼ꆤ탨쟳늻좷뚨뗄럖쿺쾵춳ퟮ킡돉????HarigaM?Optimalinventorypoliciesforperishableitems놾쒣탍?J?ꆤ뚫놱듳톧톧놨?ퟔ좻뿆톧냦????????????????withtime?dependentdemand?J??IntJProduction???ꆤEconomics???????????????????GaoJJ?WangYJ?GuoYJ?Minimumcostmodelof???ChenF?ZhengYS?Near?optimalechelon?stock?R?nQ?d?istributionsystemunderdemanduncertainty?J??Journalofpoliciesinmultistageserialsystems?J??OperationsNortheasternUniversity?NaturalScience?????????????Research??????????????????????????????AxsaterS?Simpleevaluationofechelonstock?R?Q?????ChopraS?Meind?lP?Supplychainmanagement?strategy??policiesfortwo?levelinventorysystems?J??IIEplanning?andoperation?M??Beijing?TsinghuaUniversityTransactions????????????????????Press?????????????????AnupindiR?BassokY?Centralizationofstocks?retailers?OptimalOrder?PlacingFrequencyofChainStoresUnderScaleEconomiesinTransportationGUANZhi?min?TANLing?MAQin?hai?LIQiu?zheng?SchoolofBusinessAdministration?NortheasternUniversity?Shenyang???????China?Correspondent?GUANZhi?min?associateprofessor?E?mail?guanzm????sohu?com?Abstract?Theoptimalorder?placingfrequencyofchainstoreisconsideredonthebasisofuncertaindemandandscaleeconomiesintransportation?Takingaccountofthefreightsascostfromthedistributioncentertothestore?orderingcostofthestoreandinventorycostsofbothdistributioncenterandthestorealtogether?acomprehensivecostmodelofthesystemisthussetupundertherestrictionofthestore곰sservicelevel?Usingthismodel?anoptimalorder?placingfrequencyofthestoreisgivenwithoptimalcost?Theeffectofdemandvariablesontheoptimalfrequencyisanalyzedthroughasimulationsoastoprovideanimportantreferenceforachainstorestomakedecisionforitsorder?placingfrequency?Keywords?chainstores?order?placingfrequency?inventory?scaleeconomyoftransportation?servicelevel?costmodel?ReceivedDecember?????????듽랢뇭컄헂햪튪풤놨맣틥뛔돆쾵춳폐쟮만뚨쒣뗄에뇰췵?뺲?헅쟬쇩?쇵췲좪룸돶쇋맣틥뛔돆쾵춳뫍맣틥ힴ첬뿕볤뛔돆쾵춳뗄뚨틥?늢뛔쯼쏇뗄만뚨뛠쿮쪽럖뇰뷸탐쇋럖컶?샻폃뻘헳훈뗄늻뗈쪽맘쾵?퇐뺿쇋맣틥뛔돆쾵춳뗄폐쟮만뚨쒣뗄에뇰컊쳢?룸돶쇋늻뿉뿘쒣첬폫늻뿉맛쒣첬뗄맘쾵?늢쳡돶쇋튻훖탂뗄쟳뷢폐쟮만뚨쒣뗄랽램ꆤ뷡맻뇭쏷?맣틥뛔돆쾵춳뗄폐쟮만뚨쒣벯뫏평쾵춳뗄쯹폐늻뿉뿘쟒늻뿉맛뗄폐쿞쒣첬릹돉ꆤ폫틑폐뷡맻쿠뇈?놾컄룸돶뗄랽램룼볓폐킧뛸볲뷠ꆤ튻훖믹폚럾컱뗄탩쓢뻖폲췸쒣탍췵킡펢?헔?몣?헅컄늨볲튪럖컶쇋쒿잰틔첫췸욽첨짏VLAN쪵쿖벼쫵뗄뻖쿞탔?쳡돶믹폚럾컱뗄탩쓢뻖폲췸맜샭닟싔?붨솢쇋튻쳗뷏췪헻뗄믹폚럾컱뗄탩쓢뻖폲췸?VLAN?쳥쾵뷡릹VASSꆤ춨맽럂헦쪵퇩벰UDP쫓욵쫽뻝쇷뒫쫤쪵퇩?VASS뷏뫃뗘뿘훆쇋맣능춨탅솿?듳럹뛈붵뗍쇋뻖폲췸탨뺭맽슷평뗄쫽뻝솿?쳡룟췸싧쾵춳뗖폹맣능럧놩뗄쓜솦ꆤ춬쪱닉폃룃쒣탍뫳췸싧풴뗄럖엤뫍쪹폃뚼뷏틔잰쇩믮ꆢ폐킧?쳡룟쇋췸싧뗄춨탅럾컱킧싊ꆤ
