2009୍ֻ05௹(ሹֻ461௹)May.,2009 ܄܋ܵ Vol 31 No 05ԷြᆟҦ൪࢘༯Էြބࣜ࠶ᄹӉ֥ܱ༢*ٚൗࡹ,݉ ਪ(ᇏݓ॓࿐ඌն࿐ܵ࿐ჽ,νߪ ކ٧ 230026)ଽಸิေ:本文通过对创业与经济发展的静态和动态关系分析,发现在经济发展的 创新驱动阶段 ,创业通过创造就业和促进创新成为经济增长的主要驱动力b创业政策的具体措施则分别通过 激发创业动机a提供创业机会和培育创业技术 三者中的一个或多个途径来促进创业活动b本文通过分析力图探明创业政策促进创业活动a推动经济增长的作用机理bܱՍ:创业政策;创业;经济增长;作用机理ᇏٳোݼ:F061 2,F019 6 ໓ངѓᆽ:A ໓ᅣщݼ:1002 5766(2009)05 0161 06 ၂aႄቔႨࠏބൌീࣥ,StevensonބLundstromࣜ࠶࿐ࡅBirchᄝ֥ܿٓ࠹ٳ༅ࠎԤഈᆷ(2001,2002,2005)֥༢ਙ࣮Ֆ՜ࣉԷြ ֥ࠏaԛ,ྍԷఒြބཬఒြᄝ1969~1976୍ࡗิ܂ਔૅࠏ߶aඌ ۱ົ؇۳ԛਔԷြᆟҦٳ༅֥ۀྟݓࣜ࠶ᇏ82%֥ྍᄹࣼြە໊b1984,୍д֤ ֣ॿࡏbቔູ၂۱ྍྖ֥࣮ਵთ,གྷႵ֥໓ངଢਗ਼क़࿆ӫ,၂۱Էြࣜ࠶ᆞᄝૅݓྖఏbఃު҂భഉໃྙӮປᆜ֥ԷြᆟҦ՜ࣉԷြѩࣉطࣲࣜ,Porter(2002)֩࿐ᆀႻ༢ӂඍਔԷြބԷྍ࠶ᄹӉ֥ંॿࡏbӁြࠢಕ֥ӁളࠏၛࠣؓԷྍބࣜ࠶ᄹӉ֥ऍնЧ໓Ֆࣜ࠶ᄹӉაԷြ֥࣡ބܱ༢ष܊ངbԷြၘࣜӮູᄹࡆࣼြە໊a՜ࣉඌԷྍ,ฐษԷြࣜ࠶ᄹӉ֥ऎุࣥ;ᄝܴҳԷြބӁြ߄aࣜ࠶ᄹӉ֥ᇗေႄౣ(Brett֩,ᆟҦۀྙӮބဆࣉ֥ࠎԤഈ,࣮ԷြᆟҦ՜ࣉ2004)bႮՎ,၂ٚ૫,ႄؿਔ၂ն࿐ᆀᅚषؓԷԷြ֥Ԯ֝ࠏᇅ,৯ฐૼԷြᆟҦ՜ࣉԷြࠃaြაࣜ࠶ᄹӉܱ༢֥ંބൌᆣٳ༅(Wennekers,ࣜ࠶ᄹӉ֥ቔႨࠏb2005;Acs&Szerb,2008֩),ധೆฐษԷြؓࣜ࠶ᄹӉ֥܊ང(Audretsch&Thurik,2004);ਸ਼၂ٚؽaԷြაࣜ࠶ᄹӉ૫,ྸ؟ݓࡅ֥ᆟک္षᇅקԷြᆟҦ,ၛ՜ࣉԷ1aࣜ࠶ᄹӉაԷြ֥࣡ބܱ༢ြࣉطࣜ࠶ᄹӉbᄝࣜ࠶ؿᅚ֥҂ࢨ؍,Էြࠃބࣜ࠶ᄹӉႮႿԷြᄝࣜ࠶ᄹӉ֥҂ࢨ؍Ⴕ҂֥ᇗေႵ҂֥ܱ༢,ႮႿᆃ၂ܱ༢ཋႿଖ၂ൎൈ௹ط,ྟ෮ၛԷြ҂ࣇႋھӮູᆟҦഡ࠹a࿊ᄴބൌീ֥ཌྷؓ໗ק,ॖӫᆭູܱ࣡༢bPorter֩(2002)ؓࢊׄ,طᄝ҂֥ൈॢ่ࡱބֹaݓࡅ౦༯,ಆ౯ݓࡅࣩᆚ৯֥ٳ༅ಪູ,۴ऌ౺৯֥҂ࡼԷြᆟҦႋھุགྷԛ҂֥ଽಸބᇗׄ(Hart,ݓࡅࣜ࠶ؿᅚٳູ۱ࢨ؍:ေ౺aሧ౺ބ2003)bູਔ۷ധೆֹࢳԷြᆟҦ֥ଽݤaۿିaԷྍ౺ࢨ؍b*൬۠ರ௹:2009-02-16ቔᆀࡥࢺ:方世建(1955-),男,安徽合肥人b教授,主要从事企业经济学a创业和创新理论的研究bE-mail:fangsj@;桂玲(1983-),女,安徽霍山人b硕士研究生,主要从事创业政策的研究bE-mail:guiling@ 05 ECONOMICMANAGEMENTJOURNAL161
ေ౺ࢨ؍֥ࣜ࠶ᄹӉᇶေ၇ঠԚ֩ളӁሧඌ֥ࣉ,҄ᄝٚь҂თ֥۱ದ๙ྐ༏֥ൈ,ਘ,ݓࡅ๙ݖࢆ֮ളӁေӮЧطࣉྛࣩᆚbᆃ၂ॖିᄹࡆԷြ֥൬ၭ(Acs֩,2008);ֻ,ڄགࢨ؍ᇏ֥ఒြၛሱࣼြބሱᇶࣜႏູหᆘ,ၛᇅሧ֥ؿᅚ,֤ऎႵԷြࠏބඌ֥మᄝԷြᆀᄯࠇڛༀఒြं؟,ఒြܿଆ௴ђࢠཬbᆃ൞ିܔࠆ֤ሧᆦӻ,۷ಸၞሂᇾԷြࠏ߶ӮູԷြࣜ࠶ؿᅚ֥Ԛࠩؿᅚࢨ؍,ᆩ്ԷྍၛࠣࠎႿՎ֥ᆀbᆃ၂ࢨ؍ᇏ,ೂݔඪԷြࠃ൞ࣜ࠶ؿᅚ֥ᇶԷြࠃ֥ᇗေྟߎીႵཁགྷԛট,ݓࡅ ࠻҂ູԷေ౺৯,ପહԷྍྟ֥ᆩ്Էᄯބᆩ്ၮԛӮູྍԷᄯᆩ,്္҂ູԛ१Ⴈᆩ് (Acs,֩2008)bؿᅚ֥ᇗေ৯ჷಅbሧ౺ࢨ؍֥ݓࡅࣜ࠶Ֆ֮ඣཟᇏ֩ඣ࣍ট္Ⴕൌᆣ࣮ࣉ၂҄ᆣૼਔ҂ࣜ࠶ؿᅚؿᅚ,ᄹӉᄀটᄀ၇ौࡼಆ౯ඌބሧࣁ০Ⴈ֞Чࢨ؍აԷြ֥ܱ༢bWennekers(֩2005)ҐႨֹളӁᇏটbᄝᆃ၂ࢨ؍,ݓࡅᄝն֥൧ӆഈᅚಆ౯Էြܴҳ(GEM)2002୍֥ඔऌ,ؓ36۱षࣩᆚ,ᆃູ܄ඳሔܿଆࣜ࠶ิ܂ਔ่ࡱބсေOECDۚ൬ೆݓࡅమᄝԷြ֥ඔऌބၛದन൬ೆޙྟbೂݔࡌקሧЧބস৯ཌྷูս,ሧЧթਈ֥ਈ֥ࣜ࠶ᄹӉඣࣉྛ݂߭,֤ԛԷြაࣜ࠶ؿᅚᄹࡆ߶֝ᇁ۽ሧཌྷؓႿԷြࠃ෮֤Ⴕ۷ն֥ᄹࢨ؍թᄝUܱ༢(ೂ1a෮ൕ)bႮႿUܱ༢ࡆ,෮ၛᄝनఒြܿଆঔն֥ൈ,Էြࠃ߶э҂ൡႨႿؿᅚᇏݓࡅ,Acs֩(2005)Ⴈਔ ࠏ߶ ֤۷ഒbሧ౺ࢨ؍֥หᆘ൞ሱࣼြб২ᇯࡶളթб ੱؓఃაದन൬ೆ֥ܱ༢ࣉྛ࣮,ؿགྷႵࢆ֮,္ࠧԷြࠃ߶ෛࣜ࠶ؿᅚطࢆ֮b۷؟Ⴎࠏ߶Էြࠃ֥ݓࡅ֥ದन൬ೆ۷ۚbԷྍ౺ࢨ؍֥ࣜ࠶ุԩႿՖᇏ֩൬ೆ֞ۚ֩Virgill(2008)ࠎႿൗࢸၿྛඔऌ९ؓ2003~2005൬ೆࢨ؍֥ဆэݖӱ,ϴෛሢՖඌႄࣉ֞ඌള୍ࡗ҂ݓࡅ֥࣮ཁൕ,ԚԷఒြ(ੱ၂୍ᇏྍఒӁ֥ሇэ,ၛԷြࠃ֥ᄹࡆູหᆘbԷྍ౺ࢨြᅝሹఒြඔ֥Ϥٳб)აࣜ࠶ᄹӉܱ༢Ⴕᆞཟ֥؍֥ၛ༯۱หׄथקਔԷြࠃᄝఃᇏ֥ᇗေྟཌྟܱ༢(ೂ1b෮ൕ)bAcsބSzerb(2008)ิԛഈശ:൮༵,ᇅᄯြбᇗ༯ࢆ֥ൈ,അြڛༀ҆၂۱۷ಆ૫֥ሸކಆ౯ԷြМࣟᆷѓ(CEC),ؓषঔᅦ,طުᆀ҂ࣇनܿଆࢠཬ,طॖၛູԷ2003~2006୍ࡗ54۱ؿᅚᇏބؿղݓࡅ֥࣮ؿြิ܂ਔ۷؟֥ࠏ߶;ఃՑ,ྐ༏ඌ֥֩ԛགྷ֝ᇁགྷ,Էြބࣜ࠶ᄹӉ֥ܱ༢োරS֥ᆞཌྷܱܱ༢၂ུᇗ൪Էြࠃ֥Ӂြ֥Ӂള,ೂྐaຩ֩(ೂ1c෮ൕ)b1 Էြඣაࣜ࠶ؿᅚ֥ܱ༢ ႮႿCECᆷѓႨਔ26۱эਈট؇ਈૄ۱ݓࡅᅚᇏݓࡅ֥౦ঃ,ದྐڛֹࢣൕਔԷြࠃඣ֥Էြࠃ৯aҦބ؇,ൈൡႨႿؿղݓࡅބؿაࣜ࠶ᄹӉᆭࡗ֥Sᆞཌྷܱܱ༢bᆃ၂ࢲંა162ࣜ࠶ܵ 2009 05
Porter(֩2002)֥ࣜ࠶ؿᅚ۱ࢨ؍ཌྷ၂ᇁ:ေᇕࣩᆚߌᇏ҂؎ӻ࿃Էྍ,ၛЌӻఃࣩᆚႪ൝b౺ࢨ؍֥ԷြࠃᄹӉࢠॹԩႿ֮ඣ;ሧൈ,Էြࠃॖၛ๙ݖᄹࡆთଽྍԷϷఒြ֥౺ࢨ؍֥ԷြࠃັᄹӉ,ၹູ۽ሧ֥ᄹӉඔਈটิࣩۚᆚඣ,ࣉ၂҄՜ࣉࣜ࠶ᄹӉbളթԷြ໗҄ࡨഒ,ൈԷྍ֥৯ބሧ္ট Էြఒြࢲܒ֥߄ބڛༀ֥؟ဢ߄bࣜሱႿຓ҆;طᆩ്ၮԛॖࡼ၂ݓཟඌభခ,՜ࣉ࠶ؿᅚ֞Էྍ౺ࢨ؍,ྍԷఒြඔਈᄹࡆ,ఒြࠎႿᆩ്Էྍ֥Էြࠃ֥ॹᄹࡆ,ѩӮູ܊ངनܿଆཌྷؓэཬbᆩ്ԷྍӁളਔྍ֥Ӂြೂྐ༏Ⴟࣜ࠶ᄹӉ֥ᇶေ౺৯,ᆃაԷྍ౺ࢨ؍൞၂ඌaളඌaॹ־ြބਬ൲ြ,֩ྍྖ֥Էြఒᇁ֥bြෛሢؓԷြࠏ߶֥ؿགྷބϜطӁളaטᆜބؿ2aԷြ՜ࣉࣜ࠶ᄹӉ֥ࣥᅚ,ѩิ܂ྍӁބྍڛༀbఒြ֥ࢲܒ۷ࡆԷြ՜ࣉࣜ࠶ᄹӉ֥ᇶေࣥ၂൞Էᄯࣼြ,߄aڛༀ۷ࡆ؟ဢ߄,ᆞ൞ᆃུห֤ׄԷြఒြିؽ൞՜ࣉԷྍbᄝࣜ࠶ؿᅚ֥ေ౺ࢨ؍,Էြܔਲࠃֹൡႋമᇀ൞Էᄯ൧ӆླ,ྍ֥ࣜ࠶ᄹӉࠃᇶေ๙ݖۚб২֥ሱࣼြটԷᄯࣼြ,ᆃׄФ҂؎ᄹࡆ֥Էြᆀ෮ड,ࣜ࠶ؿᅚ֥ܼ؇ބ၂ࢨ؍֥ԷြࠃԩႿ֮ඣ,ޓഒԷᄯބႨྍധ؇֤֞ࡆ఼b֥ᆩ്b֒ࣜ࠶ؿᅚ֞Էྍ౺ࢨ؍,Էြ҂ࣇԷᄯࣼြ,۷ᇗေ֥൞๙ݖᆩ്Էྍট՜ࣉԮӁြaԷြᆟҦۀ֥ྙӮაဆࣉ֥ڿᄯބྍྖӁြ֥ԛགྷ,ࣉطԷᄯਔྍ֥൧ӆླ20ൗࡀᇏު௹۽ြࣜ࠶ؿᅚ֥࣮նࠎႿބྍ֥ࣼြە,໊๙ݖӁြശࠩট՜ࣉࣜ࠶ᄹӉbၛ༯ࡌഡ:ࣜ࠶൞Фູඔ҂؟֥նགྷթఒြ෮ᆦऎุط,Էြ๙ݖԷྍູࣜ࠶ᄹӉิ܂౺৯֥Ӫ,֥ᆃུնఒြิ܂ਔधն҆ٳ֥ඌԷྍ,ԷٚൔЇও:ູᆩ്ၮԛิ܂ь০a՜ࣉࣩᆚaิ܂ᄯਔधն҆ٳࣼြbູਔЌӻݓࡅࣩᆚ৯,ᆟک࣐߄֥ఒြࢲܒބ؟ဢ߄֥ڛༀ֩bॖିֹЌӻնఒြི֥ੱބളӁ৯,ᆃဢ֥ᆟҦ Էြࠃ๙ݖറ ᆩ്ݖੲ ູᆩ്ၮԛิޭਔࣜ࠶ؿᅚݖӱᇏԷြᆀ֥ቔႨ,္ޭਔྍ܂ь০bྍᄹӉંಪ,ູᆩ്ၮԛ߶Ӂളࣜ࠶ຓఒြቔູԷྍބԷᄯ۽ቔ֥ᇶေটჷ֥ቔႨ,ൌ࠽҆ྟ,ᆃ൞՜ࣉളӁੱิۚބࣜ࠶ଽളᄹӉ֥ᇗေഈಸၞྙӮྛြ؎,ቅθਔྍఒြ֥ԛགྷ,҂০Ⴟࠏᇅbᆩ്ၮԛིႋ҂ࣇ߶Էྍࠃᄝֹഈࠢ๙ݖࣩᆚӁളԷྍބིੱbऊ,ط߶֝ᇁॴӁြ֥Էྍྟྍളఒြ֥ᄹࡆ,ࣉBirch(1979)֤ԛ֥׀ڭྟࢲંิԛਔཬఒط՜ࣉԷြࠃ֥ཌྷႋऊࠢބთࣜ࠶֥ؿᅚbြބྍԷఒြᄝࣜ࠶ᇏ֥ᇗေྟ,ࠗؿਔ20ൗࡀ൞,ᆩ്ၮԛॖି҂൞ሱൌགྷ֥,ط൞Ф၂ᇕ ᆩ80୍սԚದૌषؓᇏཬఒြ֥࢘ᇗྍಪ്,ః്ݖੲ ෮ٞθ(Acs,֩2004)bԷြᄝؿགྷԷြࠏުԛགྷ֥ᇏཬఒြᆟҦ఼טิ܂ᇏཬఒြ֥ؿᅚ߶aؿૼྍ֥ളӁٚمaഡ࠹ྍ֥ࣜႏଆൔބषтྍ,ෙಖࠢᇏႿڿࣉགྷթཬఒြ֥ᄎྛߌ,֥൧ӆ֥ൈ,ࣼ൞ᄝิ܂၂ᇕᆩ്ၮԛބഅြ߄ޭਔؓྍఒြԷᄯ֥ᆟҦᆦӻb֥ྍ֥ࠏᇅb෮ၛ,Էြ൞๙ݖቔູᆩ്ၮԛ֥֝20ൗࡀ90୍սᇏު௹ၛট,҂؎ᄹࡆ֥࣮,ܵิ܂၂ᇕିറᆩ്ݖੲ֥ࠏᇅট՜ࣉࣜ࠶ᄹᆣൌਔԷြaԷྍބࣜ࠶ᄹӉࡗ֥৳༢,Էြఒြ҂Ӊ֥bࣇԷᄯਔྍ֥ࣼြ,طᇯࡶބնఒြ၂ဢӮູ ՜ࣉࣩᆚbԷြࠃᄝࡼԷྍྟ֥མمބӮᆩ്Էྍބഅြ߄֥ᇗေᇶ,ุႭః൞ᄝྐ༏ඌaݔࣉྛഅြ߄ބཟ൧ӆ֥ൈޥ,၂ٚ૫߶ࢆ֮Էളᇅူ֩ྍྖྛြbෛሢܵࣜ࠶ཟԷြࣜྍᆀ֥धؓ൬ၭ,ൈ္Ӂളਔࣉ၂҄Էྍ֥࠶֥ሇэ,ದૌषࢤ൳ԷြࠃބԷြఒြؓࣜ৯bՖط՜Էྍઋު֥ఒြႮႿࣩᆚᆀ֥Էྍࠃ࠶ᄹӉ֥ᇗေ܊ང,ѩಪູԷြࠃ߶ᄝఒြބӁطᄥว,ࠧ൞ඌഈਵ༵֥ఒြ္ླေᄝᆃြҪ૫Էᄯ۽ቔە໊a՜ࣉඌԷྍބڿࣉളӁ৯2009 05 ECONOMICMANAGEMENTJOURNAL163
(Reynolds,֩2004)b ԷြᆟҦ ֥ԛགྷ,ᆞ൞ؓ၂ุ߄ᆟҦٚمbЧ໓္ಪູ,ႮႿ ԷြᆟҦ Էြࣜ࠶ԛགྷቔԛ֥ᆟҦّႋbᆟک๙ݖԷြᆟѩીႵ၂֥ંࠎԤaऎุ֥ᆟҦ۽ऎ,൞مაҦ֥ഡ࠹ބൌീ,ڿࣉྍԷބӮӉᇏఒြ֥ᇅ؇a໓ҍᆟᆟҦࠇᆀࠊлᆟҦཌྷิѩં,֥ӫᆭ ູᇁ৯Ⴟ߄֩ߌၛᆦӻԷြࠃb՜ࣉԷြࠃ֥܄܋ᆟҦ රެ۷ູຈ֒bႮႿ֒ࠎႿᆩ്Էྍ֥ԷြࠃӮູྍ֥ࣩᆚ৯ჷંބൌᆣૼਔԷြؓࣜ࠶ᄹӉ֥ᇗေ՜ࣉቔಅൈ,ᆟҦषሇཟؓྍఒြ֥Է৫ބӮӉࣉྛᆦႨ,ᄝ܄܋ᆟҦᇅק֥ݖӱᇏсྶॉ੮Էြົ؇,ࠧӻ,ᆃФӫ ູԷြᆟҦ (Brett,2004)bStevensonᆟҦᇅקᆀೂޅЌӻ(ቋݺ൞ࡆ)֒భࣜ࠶ཟ၂۱ބLundstrom(2002)ิԛ,ԷြᆟҦ൞ၛܝৣದૌ ۷ࡆԷြ ֥ࣜ࠶ӻ࿃ሇэ(AcsބSzerb,2007)bԷြູ൮ေଢѓ,Ֆطࠗৣݓࡅࠇֹࣜ࠶ᇶุ֥ԷြࣚപၛิۚఃԷြࠃඣطҐ౼֥ᆟҦծඹaԷြᆟҦ՜ࣉԷြ֥Ԯ֝ࠏᇅീ,ॖၛႵֹིડቀԷြݖӱభ௹aᇏ௹aު௹۲۱۴ऌLundstromބStevenson(2005)ؓ՜ࣉԷࢨ؍֥ླေbHart(2003)љਔԷြМࣟ༯܄܋ြᆟҦંࠎԤ֥ંඍ,Էြࠃ֥ൌགྷބປӮླᆟҦބᇍ֥љbಪູ܄܋ᆟҦᆷႵଢ֥ྟֹေൈऎСԷြࠏaϜԷြࠏ߶ބᅧԷြႨᆟک৯ਈၛ႕ཙԷြඔਈ֩ഠ߶ࢲݔ;طᇍᆷඌ,ᆀಌ၂҂ॖbᆟکႋ֒Ⴈ۲ᇕᆟҦ۽ऎটᆟکᆭຓ֥ሱत֥࿊ᄴྟࠃbԷြᆟҦ֥ଢ֥ᄝٳљડቀԷြࠃ ؓࠏ a ࠏ߶ ބ ඌ ۱Ⴟ՜ࣉ۷ݺ֥ᇍ,ၛࡨഒԚളఒြࡅ෮૫ਢ֥۲ົ؇֥ေb҂ҪՑ֥ԷြᆟҦծീࣼ൞Ֆᆃᇕ҂ಒקྟbHartࣉ၂҄ࡼԷြᆟҦཋקູࠢᇏ۱ົ؇ູԷြࠃ֥ൌགྷิ܂ᇅ؇a໓߄Ҫ૫֥ᆦॉ੮Ⴕ ୍ࠫӉ؇ ֥, ؓᇏࡗ่ࡱ Ⴕ႕ཙ֥ᆟҦbӻ,ၛᆟکղ֞ྙӮ၂۱ ۷ࡆԷြ ֥ഠ߶ଢѓ,࠻҂ཞ࢝ტᆟҦ֩ପဢ ؓМ่ࣟࡱ Ⴕ୍മᇀऎุіགྷູ۷఼֥Էြ໓߄ބٲ,ຶ۷ࠃᄁ֥Էြ۷ࣲ֥႕ཙ,္҂ཞޡܴࣜ࠶ᆟҦପဢؓ ؋௹่ࠃ,ࠇ۷؟ᄹࡆྍఒြ֥ඔਈaఒြթਈބԷြࡅࡱ Ⴕඔᄅᆭ؋֥႕ཙbLundstromބStevenson֥ඔਈ(StevensonބLundstrom,2002)b(2005)ၛؓ13۱ݓࡅ֥ԷြᆟҦ֥ಆ໊ٚॉҳູᆟکԷြᆟҦծീЇݣၛ༯6۱ऎุٚ૫:ࠎԤ,קၬԷြᆟҦູၛԷြࣉӱᇏࡼေӮ৫aᆞӮ(1)Էြ՜ࣉb๙ݖؓԷြཛଢ֥ࢂৣaෑᄯԷ৫aӮ৫֥ᄪ௹ࢨ؍ູଢѓ,ၛડቀࠏaࠏ߶ބြ֥ྛູଆٓaؓԷြ֥Ӯۿ൙ࡱࣉྛ࿆Ԯ,֩ᄹࡆඌေࣉྛഡ࠹֥,ᇶေଢ֥൞ܝৣ۷؟֥ದࡼԷದૌؓԷြ֥ಪ്,အԷြ໓߄ބٲຶ,ࠗؿԷြြ֒Ӯ၂ᇕ࿊ᄴ,ࣉطղ֞ܝৣૌҐ౼ྛԷϷྖ౿bఒြ,ᄜ֞ఒြࣉೆࢨ؍ބᄪ௹ࢨ؍֥၂༢ਙᆟҦb(2)Էြ࢝ტbࡼԷြ֥ଽಸ་ବ֞࿐ज़ӱ࣐ܵؓԷြᆟҦ՜ࣉԷြ֥ऎุࠏᇅѩીႵປն۔,ࡼԷြཌྷܱ॓ଢᆜކ֞࢝ტุ༢ᆭଽ,Ⴍఃᄝಆ၂ᇁ֥ࢲ,ંކ֥ԷြᆟҦؓ՜ࣉԷြѩࣉۚ֩࢝ტᇏေࡆ఼ؓԷြၩ്ބି֥အbӮۿ၂҄ࣉࣜ࠶ᄹӉ֥ᇗေྟФն؟ඔ࿐ᆀ෮఼טb֥Էြ࢝ტିࠗؿ࿐ള֥ԷြࠏaᄹࡆԷြࠏ߶,Brett(֩2004)മᇀሹࢲ,֡ᆞೂࠊлᆟҦބҍᆟᆟิ܂сေ֥ԷြඌbҦ൞ᅞުࣜ࠶֥ᆦᇸ၂ဢ,ԷြᆟҦॖି߶ቔູಆ(3)ࡨഒࣉೆބԛᅰθbЇওྛᆟഈaمੰഈ౯߄ᆩ്ࣜ࠶ቋᇗေ֥ᆟҦ۽ऎطԛགྷbၛࠣܵᇅծീ֩ٚ૫֥ᅰθ,Ⴕ০ႿູԚԷఒြ֥ᄝ ԷြᆟҦ ࠫެФࢤ൳ູ܋്֥ൈ,ളթބؿᅚࡨഒуৈaᄹࡆࠏ߶bAcsބSzerb(2007)ಏၛ۷ູധख़֥׳ҳิԛ Чᇉ(4)ؓԚԷఒြ֥അြᆦӻbॖࡹ৫ህ֥ྍഈᆺႵԷြࣜ࠶ᇏ֥ᆟҦ ط൞ીႵ ԷြᆟҦ Էఒြڛༀᇏྏ,ؓྍԷြᆀิ܂၂ᅟൔڛༀ;ߎॖᆃ၂൙౦ ֥bLundstromބStevenson(2005)္ӵၛࡹ৫ྍԷఒြڒ߄ఖ,֩ၛࡨഒԷြӮЧaᄹࡆԷಪ,Էြਵთ֥ᆟҦگᄖࠁ,ѩࡹၰᆟکؿᅚބປြࠏ߶b164ࣜ࠶ܵ 2009 05
(5)ԚԷࠇᇕሰವሧb๙ݖູྍఒြࡅิ܂ັԷြੱbվॻaิ܂վॻքЌཛଢaࠗৣሧႿྍఒြބᄪၛഈԷြᆟҦծീ֥ൌീ,ٳљ๙ݖ ࠗؿԷြ௹ఒြ֥฿ሧބڄགሧЧ֩,ѩູඌԷြᆀࠏaิ܂Էြࠏ߶ބტԷြඌ ۱ົ؇ᇏ֥ิ܂֥ᇕሰሧЧࠎࣁ,ູྍఒြބᄪ௹ఒြิ܂ቋᇀഒ၂۱ট՜ࣉԷြࠃbೂԷြ՜ࣉծീᇶေ൞ູࣅಌ֥ವሧሧჷbအഠ߶֥ԷြٲຶބԷြ໓߄,ࠗؿದૌ֥Էြ(6)ଢѓಕุᆟҦbᆃ֥ଢѓಕุ൞ᆷ୯ྟaࠏ,طѩ҂ିᆰࢤᄹࡆԷြࠏ߶ބအԷြඌ;୍ದaሷ࢝ഒඔஊބാြᆀ֩bᆟک๙ݖࡹ৫૮طԷြ࢝ტᄵൈႵ০ႿԷြࠏ֥ࠗؿaԷြࠏሙหקಕุ֥Էြᇏྏaඎ৫ྛູଆٓaࣉྛഅြሦ߶֥ิ܂ބԷြඌ֥ტb2ᇏሹࢲਔၛഈ6࿘ބaิ܂վॻཛଢၛࠣඥ൬֩Ⴊ߲֩ծീ,ཋᇕᆟҦծീؓࠏaࠏ߶ބඌᆃ۱ົ؇൞ڎႵᇅഠ߶ᇏթᄝ֥ؓᆃུಕุ֥༢ྟуৈ,ิۚః܊ངb2 ԷြᆟҦؓԷြބࣜ࠶ᄹӉ֥႕ཙࣥ aࢲეაࣜ࠶ؿᅚӱ؇Ⴕૼཁ֥ᆞཌྷܱܱ༢bԷြࠃЧ໓๙ݖܱ࣡༢ބܱ༢ંᆣਔԷြ൞ࣜ൞๙ݖԷᄯࣼြބ՜ࣉԷྍটࣜ࠶ᄹӉ֥b՜࠶ᄹӉ֥ᇗေ౺৯,ٳ༅ਔԷြᆟҦ՜ࣉԷြࠃࣉԷྍ֥ٚمЇও:๙ݖറ ᆩ്ݖੲ ູᆩ്ၮ֥ቔႨࠏ,ӂૼਔԷြࠃ൞ೂޅ๙ݖԷᄯࣼԛิ܂ь০a՜ࣉࣩᆚaิ܂߄ބ؟ဢ߄֥ԷြြaԷྍਆ่ࣥࣜ࠶ᄹӉ֥(ೂ2෮ఒြࢲܒbൕ),ఃᇏᄏݣਔၛ༯ᇶေࢲંb ෛሢࠎႿᆩ്Էྍ֥ԷြࠃӮູఒြྍ֥ ՖԷြބࣜ࠶ؿᅚ֥ܱ࣡༢ु,ᄝࣜ࠶ཟࣩᆚ৯ჷಅ,ᆟک֥ᆟҦषሇཟؓྍఒြ֥Է৫Էྍ౺ࢨ؍ؿᅚ֥ݖӱᇏ,ԷြࠃᇯࡶӮູࣜބӮӉࣉྛᆦӻ, ԷြᆟҦ ႋᄎطളbЧ໓ٳ༅࠶ᄹӉ֥ᇗေႄౣbਆᆀ֥ܱ༢္іૼԷြඣಪ,ູԷြᆟҦ൞၂۱ݤۂܼ֥ٗ۲ٚ૫܄܋ᆟҦ2009 05 ECONOMICMANAGEMENTJOURNAL165
֥ਲࠃቆކ,ᆻᄝЌӻࠇࡆ֒భࣜ࠶ཟ၂۱ ۷ြඌ֥ტ۱ົ؇টൌགྷ֥bԷြᆟҦ֥Ԯ֝ࡆԷြ ֥ࣜ࠶ӻ࿃ሇэbࠏᇅ൞,ऎุ֥ԷြᆟҦծീ๙ݖၛഈ۱ົ؇ᇏ ԷြᆟҦؓԷြ֥՜ࣉ,൞๙ݖؓԷြᆀమ֥၂۱ࠇ؟۱ൌགྷؓԷြࠃ֥՜ࣉbᄝ֥Էြࠏ֥ࠗؿaؓԷြࠏ߶֥ิ܂ၛࠣؓԷҕॉ໓ང:[1]Acs,,EconomicGrowthandPublicPolicy[J].SmallBusinessEconomics,2007,(28):109-122.[2]Acs,.,&Szerb,(CEC)[W].FacultyofBusinessandEconomics,Un-iversityofPecs,Mimeo,2008.[3]Acs,.,Arenius,P.,Hay,M.,&Minniti,[R].LondonUKandBabsonPark,MA:LondonBusinessSchoolandBabsonCollege,2005.[4]Acs,.,Audretsch,.,:TheKnowledgeFilterandEntrepreneurshipinEndogenousGrowth[R].CenterforEconomicPolicyResearch,DiscussionPaper,2004.[5]Acs,.,Desai,,EconomicDevelopmentandInstitutions[J].SmallBusinessEconomics,2008,(31):219-234.[6]Audretsch,.,[J].InternationalJournalofEntrepreneurialEducation,2004,(2):143-166.[7].,[J].SmallBusinessEconomics,2004,(22):313-323.[8]:-icy[C].CambridgeUniversityPress,2003:3-19.[9]Lundstrom,:TheoryandPractice[M].SpringerScienceandBusinessMedia,Inc.,2005.[10]Porter,M.,Sachs,J.,McArthur,:CompetitivenessandStagesofEconomicDevelopment[R].NewYork:OxfordUniversityPress,2002.[11]Reynolds,.,.,GEM2003GlobalReport,Wellesley,MA,BabsonCollege,theLondonBusinessSchoolandtheEwingMarionKauffmanFoundation,2004.[12]Stevenson,:DefiningEntrepreneurshipPolicyanditsBestPracticeComponents[R].Stockholm:SwedishFoundationforSmallBusinessResearch,2002.[13]Stevenson,L.,:[C].EdwardElgar,Cheltenham,UK,2007:94-129.[14]Virgill,:ToolsofDevelopmentorReformDelay?[D],.[15]Wennekers,S.,vanStel,A.,Thurik,.,&Reynolds,[J].SmallBusinessEconomics,2005,24,(3):293⚶:ConstructionandAnalysisFANGSh-ijian,GUILing(UniversityofScienceandTechnologyofChina,Hefei,Anhui,230026,China)Abstract:Fromthestaticanddynamicrelationshipsbetweenentrepreneurshipandeconomygrowth,entrepreneurshipisfoundtobethemaindrivenforceofeconomygrowththroughjobcreationandinnova-tionpromotion,-centiveentrepreneurshipthroughsuchpathways:stimulatingmotivation,:entrepreneurshippolicy;entrepreneurship;economygrowth;mechanismofaction(责任编辑:欣 然)166ࣜ࠶ܵ 2009 05
