뗚32뻭뗚4웚뮯ꆡ톧ꆡ릤ꆡ돌쓪8퓂CHEMICALENGINEERING(CHINA)릤튵짺첬톧뗄쾵춳럖컶랽램폫쪵볹돂뚨붭,샮폐죳,짲뺲훩,뫺즽펥(쟥뮪듳톧뮯톧릤돌쾵짺첬릤튵퇐뺿훐탄,놱뺩ꆡ100084)ꆡ햪튪:뛔릤튵짺첬톧뗄믹놾쮼쿫ꆢ퇐뺿랽램ꆢ쪵볹쫖뛎뷸탐닻쫶,뛔쿠맘뗄룅쓮뷸탐뇦컶,틔웚뗃떽튻쳵맘폚릤튵짺첬톧쓚몭ꆢ랽램ꆢ쒿뇪뗈뗄쟥컺싶싧ꆣ릤튵짺첬톧뻟폐럖컶뫍쪵볹릦쓜,뫳헟붨솢퓚잰헟뗄믹뒡횮짏ꆣ릤튵짺첬톧탨튪퓚벼쫵ꆢ훆뛈뫍뷌폽3룶캬뛈짏뷸탐뇤룯틔횧돖뒫춳뗄릤튵뺭볃쳥쾵쿲짺첬릤튵쳥쾵퇝뷸ꆣ맘볼듊:릤튵짺첬톧;짺첬릤튵;쾵춳럖컶훐춼럖샠뫅:;X13ꆡꆡꆡ컄쿗뇪쪶싫:Aꆡꆡꆡ컄헂뇠뫅:100529954(2004)0420053205SystemanalysisapproachesandpracticeofindustrialecologyCHENDing2jiang,LIYou2run,SHENJing2zhu,HUShan2ying(ProcessEngineeringandIndustrialEcologyResearchCenter,DepartmentofChemicalEngineering,TsinghuaUniversity,Beijing100084,China)Abstract:Reviewofindustrialecologyꇤsessentialidea,analysisandpracticeapproacheswaspresented,,,institutionandeducation,:industrialecology;eco2industry;systemanalysisꆡꆡ릤튵짺첬톧ퟮ퓧뿉틔ힷ쯝떽1955쓪[1],20쫀dustryIndicator,EII)뗈;쪵볹탎쪽냼삨쏦쿲뮷뺳뗄볍90쓪듺돵웚뗃떽뿬쯙랢햹ꆣ놾컄춨맽뛔릤튵짺짨볆(DesignforEnvironment,DfE)ꆢ닺튵릲짺(In2첬톧뗄믹놾쮼쿫ꆢ퇐뺿랽램ꆢ쪵볹쫖뛎뷸탐닻쫶,dustrialSymbiosis,IS)ꆢ릦쓜뺭볃(FunctionalEcono2뛔쿠맘뗄룅쓮뷸탐뇦컶,늢뷡뫏놾짺첬릤튵퇐뺿훐my,FE)뗈ꆣ틔릦쓜럖샠캪ퟝퟸ뇪,뿕볤돟뛈캪뫡탄뷼벸쓪뗄릤ퟷ,틔웚뗃떽튻쳵맘폚릤튵짺첬톧쓚ퟸ뇪,뿉틔릹붨죧뇭1쯹쪾릤튵짺첬톧뿲볜ꆣ몭ꆢ랽램ꆢ쒿뇪뗈뗄쟥컺싶싧ꆣ릤튵짺첬톧뗄믹놾뇭1ꆡ릤튵짺첬톧뗄뿲볜쮼쿫쫇럂헕ퟔ좻뷧짺첬쾵춳훐컯훊쇷뚯뗄랽쪽살훘ꆡAframeworkofindustrialecology탂맦뮮릤튵짺닺ꆢ쿻럑뫍럏컯뒦훃쾵춳,쯼뻟폐럖웳튵웳튵좺실뗘쟸컶뫍쪵볹릦쓜ꆣ뷨훺럖컶릦쓜쳡릩뗄쾵춳쫓뷇,퓚럖컶IMꇌꇌꇌ벼쫵ꆢ뷌폽ꆢ훆뛈3룶캬뛈짏닉좡뫏샭뗄듫쪩뫍쫖LCAꇌꇌꇌ뛎EIIꇌꇌꇌ,붫쿖폐릤튵쳥쾵뮻캪뿉돖탸랢햹뗄짺첬릤튵쳥쾵ꆣ뛔폚짺첬릤튵쾵춳,웤뿕볤돟뛈뿉뮮럖캪웳IOAꇌꇌꇌ쪵볹DfEꇌ튵ꆢ웳튵좺실ꆢ뗘쟸3룶늻춬뗄벶뇰ꆣISꇌ릤튵짺첬톧쾵춳럖컶랽램냼삨릤튵듺킻(In2FEꇌdustrialMetabolism,IM)ꆢ짺쏼훜웚움볛(LifeCycle벼쫵ꆡꆡꆡ훆뛈ꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡ뷌폽Assessment,LCA)ꆢ춶죫닺돶럖컶(Input2OutputAnalysis,IOA)ꆢ짺첬릤튵움볛횸뇪(Eco2In2믹뷰쿮쒿:맺볒ퟔ좻뿆톧믹뷰훺쿮쒿(29836140)ퟷ헟볲뷩:돂뚨붭(1975ꆪ),쓐,늩쪿짺,훷튪듓쫂뮯릤쾵춳릤돌벰릤튵짺첬톧랽쏦뗄퇐뺿,E2mail:cdj98@ꆣ' 1994-2010 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
ꆤ54ꆤ뮯톧릤돌ꆡ2004쓪뗚32뻭뗚4웚1ꆡ릤튵짺첬톧뗄럖컶릦쓜듓뛸뗃떽헢킩쓜솿뫍닄쇏펦폃틔벰업럅컯뛔뮷뺳뗄돽쇋릤튵듺킻틔췢,짺쏼훜웚움볛ꆢ춶죫닺돶펰쿬,늢뛔룄짆뮷뺳뗄룷훖랽낸ퟶ돶움맀ꆣ움볛냼럖컶ꆢ짺첬릤튵움볛횸뇪랽램늢럇릤튵짺첬톧쯹뛀삨닺욷뗄헻룶짺쏼훜웚,벴듓믱좡풭닄쇏ꆢ짺닺ꆢ폐ꆣ짺쏼훜웚움볛퓚쟥뷠짺닺ꆢISO14000뮷뺳맜샭쪹폃횱훁ퟮ훕뒦훃뗄좫맽돌[4]ꆣLCA냼삨쟥떥럖쳥쾵훐쫇튻룶훘튪뗄벼쫵쫖뛎;춶죫닺돶럖컶틑맣컶ꆢ펰쿬움맀ꆢ룄뷸럖컶3룶뷗뛎,LCA뗄뇪ힼ뮯랺뗘펦폃폚뛔맺쏱뺭볃쾵춳뗄럖컶;뛸붨솢움볛횸헽퓚뷸탐훐ꆣ맘폚LCA뗄펦폃쪵샽퓚컄쿗훐틑뺭뇪쳥쾵뛔쯹퇐뺿뗄쾵춳뷸탐움볛,퓚뫜뛠톧뿆훐뗃폐뫜뛠놨뗀,죧뛔늻춬닄훊훆퓬뗄웻뎵폍쿤뷸탐뇈떽쇋펦폃ꆣ헢킩랽램뻟폐쓚퓚뗄튻훂탔,벴뛔뛔쿳뷏[5],샻폃LCA뛔싈웸ꆢ횽ꆢ쇗쯡뗄늻춬짺닺릤틕뷸탐움볛톡퓱뗈[6](컯ꆢ쓜쇷뚯뫍뮻뗄좫맽돌)뗄헻쳥탔쮼뾼ꆣ헢ꆣ훖튻훂탔쪹쯼쏇폐뿉쓜헻뫏캪튻룶탂뗄랽램,쒿잰쪵쪩LCA뗄삧쓑뫜뛠ꆣ퓚쟥떥럖컶뷗뛎,폫틑뺭뾴떽쇋릤튵짺첬톧퓚럖컶랽램짏뷸탐죚뫏뗄쟷IM샠쯆,쫽뻝좱랦,랽램횴탐듺볛룟,쓑폚좷뚨쫆,죧뾼싇닺욷짺쏼훜웚뗄춶죫닺돶럖컶ꆣ튪뷸탐움볛뗄쾵춳뇟뷧;퓚펰쿬움맀뷗뛎,짐컞뷏(1)릤튵듺킻뫃뗄랽램붫뛔뮷뺳뗄쫗튪펰쿬폫훚뛠뗄뗚2ꆢ뗚3IM쫇룹뻝훊솿쫘뫣풭샭,뛔컯훊듓ퟮ돵뗄뾪펰쿬쟸럖뾪살,튲늻쓜뛔헢킩펰쿬붨솢퇏뷷뗄쫽톧닉,떽퓚릤튵짺닺ꆢ닺욷쿻럑쾵춳뗄쪹폃,횱훁뇤쒣탍,ퟶ돶잡떱뗄움맀[4,7]ꆣ평폚쪵쪩LCA뗄뢴퓓돉ퟮ훕뗄럏웺컯헢튻좫맽돌뷸탐룺ퟙꆣ쯼춨맽붨솢탔,돶쿖쇋룷훖볲뮯뗄LCA랽램,죧Graedel뫍Al2컯훊뫢쯣뇭,닢솿믲맀쯣컯훊쇷뚯폫뒢듦뗄쫽솿벰lenby뾪랢뗄뚨탔움맀뻘헳램,춨맽튻룶5ꇁ5뗄움쯼쏇뗄컯샭뫍뮯톧뗄ힴ첬,쏨믦웤탐뷸슷쿟뫍뚯솦럖뻘헳뛔닺욷퓚헻룶짺쏼훜웚훐듳훂뗄뮷뺳펰쿬뷸톧믺훆ꆣIM퇐뺿뛔쿳뿉틔헫뛔쒳훖컯훊(죧ꆢ탐움맀[8]ꆣ튻킩짌욷뮯뗄죭볾죧Simapro놻폃살뢨잦ꆢ쇲ꆢ첼뗈),튲뿉틔헫뛔폫쳘뚨닺욷믲뛔쿳쿠훺LCA뗄뷸탐[9]ꆣ뾪럅쪽뗄볆쯣믺뢨훺LCA죭볾솪쾵뗄컯훊쇷뫍쓜솿쇷(죧뗧ퟓ킾욬ꆢ돇쫐볒춥뾪랢뫍믹폚Internet뗄닄쇏뮷뺳펰쿬쫽뻝뿢뗄붨솢뗈)ꆣ뷰쫴잦뗄듺킻퇐뺿뷒쪾돶릤튵쳡솶돶뗄잦퓚뛔폚LCA뗄췆맣뫍쪵쪩쫇뫜폐냯훺뗄ꆣ1880훁1980뗄냙쓪훐듳늿럖쫇춨맽퇕쇏ꆢ웻폍쳭(3)짺첬릤튵움볛횸뇪볓볁뗈춾뺶뫄즢훁뮷뺳훐뛸퓬돉훘뷰쫴컛좾;뗧ퟓEII쫇폃틔뫢솿릤튵짺첬쾵춳풴뫍쓜풴뮯킾욬뗄듺킻럖컶횸돶튻냣놻죏캪쫇쟥뷠닺튵뗄뗧ퟓ킧싊뗄솿,죧닺욷폫럏컯뇈,컯훊(믲쓜솿)뗄톭릤튵웤쪵쫇떥캻닺욷짺닺좫맽돌컛좾ퟮ캪퇏훘뗄탐뮷싊뫍쯰쪧싊뗈ꆣWernick뗈[10]횸돶,훆뚨움볛횸튵횮튻ꆣErkman뛔뷼쓪살퓚릤튵듺킻랽쏦뗄퇐뺿뇪늻뷶튪뾼달탐튵쓚늿,뛸쟒튪뾼달늻춬탐튵횮볤ퟶ쇋뫜뫃뗄ퟜ뷡[2]ꆣ훜헜뗈[3]퓸뛔쎺뗄릤튵쓜풴ꆢ뗄컯ꆢ쓜쪹폃쟩뿶,뷒쪾쯼쏇뗄쿠뮥맘쾵,늢쓜릻뮯릤맽돌뷸탐듺킻럖컶,늢룹뻝듺킻쒣탍폅뮯뗃떽풤닢돶쯼쏇뛔짧믡뫍뮷뺳뗄펰쿬ꆣ헢킩움볛횸뇪쓜뺭볃뮷뺳ퟮ폅뗄쎺쓜풴뮯릤닺욷뷡릹뫍쾵춳릹돉ꆣ릻횸돶늻춬탐튵뫍늿쏅볤쳡룟풴쪹폃킧싊뗄욿뺱IM펦폃뗄돉릦폫럱좡뻶폚쓜럱믱좡쫊떱뗄쫽뫍잱솦,췆뚯쯼쏇횮볤뗄컯훊뫍쓜솿뗄붻뮻ꆣEII뻝뫍뛔듺킻맽돌쇋뷢뗄짮뛈ꆣ쯤좻IM쯹탨튪뗄듳뗄퇐뺿뷡맻뿉틔죚죫LCA뗄펰쿬움맀뷗뛎ꆣ맘폚늿럖쫽뻝틑뺭틔쒳훖탎쪽듦퓚폚듳솿뗄볠닢놨뇭ꆢEII뗄퇐뺿뫍펦폃쒿잰뮹늻릻,탨튪짨볆돶튻킩룼쓪본ꆢ탐튵쫽뻝뿢뗈룷훖룷퇹뗄쫽뻝풴훐,떫쫇튪뫃뗄횸뇪,쓜쫊펦릤튵뺭볃쾵춳뗄뛠퇹탔,늢쓜퓚붫쯼쏇돩쳡돶살늢뷸탐볓릤뗄릤ퟷ솿쫇쿠떱듳뗄ꆣ룼짮뗄닣듎짏붫헢훖뛠퇹탔춳튻웰살,뷒쪾돶쾵춳IM튲냼몬쇋짺쏼훜웚뗄룅쓮,평폚듺킻맽돌뗄뢴퓋탐뗄컯샭쪵훊ꆣ퓓탔뫍쿠맘횪쪶뗄좱랦,듳늿럖뗄퇐뺿늢늻쓜헦헽평훸쏻짺첬톧볒Odum뒴솢,ퟮ퓧펦폃폚ퟔ좻몭룇퇐뺿뛔쿳뗄헻룶짺쏼훜웚,뛔폚뢴퓓뗄뛔쿳폈짺첬쾵춳쓜솿럖컶늢삩햹떽맺쏱뺭볃쾵춳럖컶뗄믰풻캪죧듋ꆣ폫LCA늻춬퓚폚,IM잿뗷쏨쫶놻퇐뺿뛔(emergy)샭싛[11]쯆뫵뷏폐잱솦ꆣ믰풻캪죎뫎풴ꆢ짌쿳뗄듺킻맽돌(컯ꆢ쓜뗄쇷뚯ꆢ뇤뮯),늢늻맘힢욷믲샍컱퓚탎돉맽돌훐횱뷓믲볤뷓쪹폃뗄첫퇴쓜ꆣ웤뛔뮷뺳뗄펰쿬,폫LCA뗄쟥떥럖컶뷗뛎쿠떱ꆣOdum뗈샻폃믰풻뚨틥돶뗄튻쾵쇐탂뗄랴펦쾵춳킧틦뗄횸뇪[11ꆪ13](2)짺쏼훜웚움볛,죧믰풻춶싊ꆢ믰풻닺돶싊ꆢ뮷뺳뗄뢺LCA춨맽쪶뇰뫍솿뮯쯹폃뗄쓜솿ꆢ풭닄쇏틔벰뫉싊ꆢ쾵춳뿉돖탸랢햹횸쫽뗈ꆣ퇮믛[14]붫믰풻럖컶럏컯업럅살움볛폫닺욷벰웤탐뚯폐맘뗄뮷뺳퓰죎,틽죫릤튵쾵춳훐,쳘뇰쫇럖컶럏컯뗄뒦샭뫍퓙샻' 1994-2010 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
돂뚨붭뗈ꆡ릤튵짺첬톧뗄쾵춳럖컶랽램폫쪵볹ꆤ55ꆤ폃ꆢ퓙톭뮷ꆢ퓙믘쫕뛔헻룶쾵춳믰풻킧싊뗄펰쿬,샻릦쓜뺭볃뗈쫖뛎싄탐웤쪵볹릦쓜ꆣ쪵볹훷쳥듓웳튵폃믰풻뛔쎺뗄죈뗧솪닺뫍쎺웸뮯솪닺볗뒼뷸탐쇋럖떽웳튵좺퓙떽짧믡좫쳥,뻟폐튻룶쓚퓚뗄싟벭솪컶,늢뎢쫔쳡돶쇋믹폚믰풻럖컶뗄쫊폃폚릤튵쾵춳뗄쾵ꆣ릤튵짺첬톧뗄쪵볹늻뷶뷶쫇벼쫵컊쳢,뛸쫇탨뿉돖탸랢햹횸뇪ꆣ폫뒫춳뗄뫢솿릤튵짺첬쾵춳풴튪퓚캢ꆢ훐ꆢ뫪맛늻춬닣듎,퓚벼쫵ꆢ뷌폽뫍훆뛈뫍쓜풴뮯킧싊횸뇪쿠뇈,믹폚믰풻뗄움볛횸뇪쳥쾵3룶캬뛈짏뷸탐춬늽뗄뇤룯틔횧돖뒫춳뗄릤튵뺭볃룼쓜쳥쿖짺첬릤튵쯹ힷ쟳뗄뮷뺳폫뺭볃킭뗷랢햹뗄쳥쾵쿲짺첬릤튵쳥쾵퇝뷸ꆣ뇭2쇐뻙쇋릤튵짺첬톧쒿뇪ꆣ퓚헢3룶캬뛈짏쯹탨튪뗄튻킩횧독,쯼쏇뗄뾪랢ꆢ(4)춶죫닺돶럖컶톡퓱ꆢ훆뚨펦룃뻟폐튻룶헻쳥뗄쫓튰,퓚릤튵짺첬퓚맺쏱뺭볃믮뚯훐,룷짺닺늿쏅춨맽횱뷓믲볤톧뗄쾵춳럖컶랽램횸떼쿂뷸탐ꆣ뷓뗄솪쾵탎돉튻룶듭ퟛ뢴퓓뗄췸싧ꆣퟷ캪튻룶뻟폐(1)쏦쿲뮷뺳뗄짨볆뫜잿쪵폃탔뗄랽램,IOA춨맽욽뫢랽돌,뷨폃쫽톧DfE쫇뺡뿉쓜퓚퓧웚닺욷짨볆뷗뛎뻍뾼싇죧뫎쒣탍럖컶돵쪼춶죫ꆢ훐볤춶죫ꆢퟜ춶죫,훐볤닺쪹닺욷퓚헻룶짺쏼훜웚훐폫ퟔ좻뮷뺳쿠킭뗷ꆣ뺡솿욷ꆢퟮ훕닺욷ꆢퟜ닺돶횮볤뗄맘쾵ꆣ쒣탍뫋탄쫇복짙뛔뮷뺳뗄늻솼펰쿬ꆣ퓚닺욷닄쇏톡퓱짏,DfELeontief쓦뻘헳,쯼랴펳쇋웤훐룷룶쇷솿뗄살풴뫍튪쟳폅톡뿉퓙짺닄쇏,뺡솿톡폃뗍쓜뫄ꆢ짙컛좾뗄좥쿲ꆣ닄쇏ꆣ퓚닺욷뷡릹짨볆짏,DfE튪쟳붫닺욷짨볆뗃평폚IOA뛔릹돉헻룶뺭볃뷡릹뗄룶쳥쿠뮥맘쾵틗믘쫕ꆢ틗닰럖ꆢ틗폚퓙샻폃ꆣDfEퟷ돶뗄헢킩톡뗄맘힢,쪹뗃쯼돉캪릤튵짺첬톧튻룶훘튪뗄럖컶랽퓱뇘탫튪붨솢퓚LCA뗄믹뒡횮짏,튲틀삵폚싌즫램,펦폃떽뛔룷훖늻춬돟뛈ꆢ늻춬췘웋뷡릹뗄릤튵닄쇏벼쫵뗄뷸늽ꆣDfE탨튪랢햹탂뗄짨볆랽램뫍짨뺭볃쾵춳뗄럖컶훐ꆣ쯼뗄뛔쿳듓믵뇒쇷삩햹떽컯쇏볆릤뻟(죧DfE쒣냥,DfE탅쾢쾵춳),퇐뺿닺욷쇷ꆢ쓜솿쇷,틔뾼싇릤튵짺첬톧쯹맘탄뗄뮷뺳컊쳢짺쏼훜웚짨볆뗄믹놾뿲볜ꆢ짨볆닟싔뫍짨볆튪쟳,죧Duchin[15]ꆢBailey뗈[16]뷸탐뗄퇐뺿,Jodish뗈[17]퓚ퟩ횯뫍맜샭닣쏦짏죧뫎쫊펦DfE뗈[5]ꆣDfE퓚탭퓲붫IOA폫LCA뷡뫏웰살ꆣퟜ횮IOA뿉틔냑뛔뺭뛠뗧ퟓ뫍웻뎵훆퓬웳튵틑뺭뗃떽뿬쯙뗄랢햹,볃ꆢ뮷뺳컊쳢뗄뾼싇뫜뫃뗘뷡뫏웰살,펦폃쯼럖컶AT&T뗈듳릫쮾틑뺭뾪쪼뎢쫔냑DfE펦폃떽웤짺닺쿖폐쾵춳,쳡돶룄뷸랽낸,믲폃횮뛔늻춬뗄쾵춳맦훐ꆣ뮮랽낸뷸탐뇈뷏톡폅ꆣ평DfE퇜짺돶튻쾵쇐쏦쿲쳘뚨쒿뇪뗄룅쓮,죧쏦쿲닰뷢뗄짨볆(DfD)ꆢ쏦쿲퓙톭뮷뗄짨볆2ꆡ릤튵짺첬톧뗄쪵볹릦쓜(릤튵짺첬톧춨맽쏦쿲뮷뺳뗄짨볆ꆢ닺튵릲짺ꆢDfR)ꆢ쏦쿲뷚쪡쓜풴뗄짨볆(DfES)ꆢ쏦쿲뿉캬뮤뗄짨볆(DfM)뗈ꆣ뇭2ꆡ릤튵짺첬톧뗄횧독ꆡSupportsforimplementationofindustrialecology벼쫵횧독뷌폽횧독훆뛈횧독T1늻뿉퓙짺풴풭쇏ꆢ폐뚾폐몦풭쇏ꆢ듟뮯볁ꆢE1뿉돖탸랢햹샭싛벰릤튵짺I1듙뷸톭뮷뺭볃뗄램맦닺욷뗄쳦듺벼쫵첬톧샭싛뗄탻뒫웕벰I2럏컯붻뮻뗄쫐뎡쳥쾵T2샻폃뿉퓙짺풴뗄벼쫵E2싌즫쿻럑샭쓮뗄췆맣I3뮷뺳돉놾짳볆훆뛈T3풭ퟓ뷚풼벰컯훊톭뮷맘볼랴펦릤틕E3룷벶톧짺뷌폽뫍릤돌쪦엠T4싌즫뮯뗄맽돌뫏ꆢ솪닺ꆢ잿뮯벼쫵통훐ퟔ좻짺첬톧폫릤튵짺T5럏컯풴뮯벼쫵첬톧믹뒡뗄쓉죫T6뿉짺컯붵뷢뗄럏웺컯벰럏컯컞몦뮯뒦샭벼쫵T7쾵춳컯훊벯돉뫍쓜솿벯돉벼쫵T8쿖듺탅쾢벼쫵ꆡꆡ(2)닺튵릲짺첬톧뗄럂짺쮼쿫ꆣ튻킩솪뫏웳튵,웤쓚늿뗄쿂쫴릫짺첬릤튵풰쟸(Eco2industrialPark,EIP)쫇튻쮾듳뛠틑뻟폐쏜쟐뗄컯ꆢ쓜ꆢ뷰ꆢ탅쾢뗄솪쾵,룶쟸폲탔뗄닺튵릲짺쾵춳,ퟮ횱맛뗘쳥쿖쇋릤튵짺럇뎣쫊뫏붨짨틔횮캪뫋탄뗄EIPꆣ틔훚뛠킡탍웳튵' 1994-2010 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
ꆤ56ꆤ뮯톧릤돌ꆡ2004쓪뗚32뻭뗚4웚캪훷뗄릤튵풰쟸,뿉룹뻝웳튵쳘뗣ퟩ횯돉벸룶킡뗄닺욷뗄쪹폃쫙쏼,퓶볓닺욷쪹폃뫳폐ퟮ듳뗄퓙샻폃웳튵좺실,틽죫튻킩떣떱ꆰ늹췸ꆱ뷇즫뗄돉풱,뿉볛횵,췆뚯쿻럑헟톡퓱뻟폐닄쇏뷚풼ꆢ뮷뺳폑뫃ꆢ쓜뮹탨튪폫풰쟸췢뗄웤쯻웳튵솪쾵,퓚튻룶룼듳뗄틗믘쫕뗄닺욷,탎돉튻룶솼탔뮥뚯뗄맽돌ꆣ랶캧쓚릹돉릲짺쾵춳ꆣ쫀뷧랶캧쓚뗄EIP쿮쒿틑뺭폐뫜뛠[18]ꆣ훐맺틑뺭힢틢떽EIP뛔폚뷢뻶맺쓚훚3ꆡ뷡싛뛠릤튵풰쟸뗄컛좾컊쳢뻟폐훘튪틢틥,맣컷맳룛싊퓚뛔뿉돖탸랢햹뗀슷뗄첽쯷훐,냼몬ퟅ2훖쮼쿈붨짨쇋맺쓚뗚튻볒짺첬릤튵쪾랶풰쟸ꆣ슷ꆣ튻훖쮼슷쫇솦춼퓚쇋뷢릤튵믮뚯뛔ퟔ좻뮷뺳뗄놾훐탄퓚샭싛짏훘뗣퇐뺿쇋풰쟸맦뮮훐짺첬릤펰쿬믹뒡짏듓풴춷복쟡헢훖뮷뺳펰쿬,죧컛좾풤튵닺욷쳥쾵뗄맦뮮ꆢ럏쮮ꆢ쓜솿쾵춳뗄벯돉벼쫵,럀ꆢ쟥뷠짺닺ꆣ헢훖쮼슷뺡맜뇈훕뛋훎샭튪믽벫,죧뾼싇쒣뫽쳵볾뗄럏쮮훊솿붻뮻췸싧[19],뛠닺욷떫듓쒳훖틢틥살쮵죔쫇놻뚯뗄ꆣ쇭튻훖쮼슷쫇춨맽솪닺랴펦슷뺶ퟛ뫏[20],짺첬릤튵풰쟸뗄믬뫏헻쫽짮뿌샭뷢뿉돖탸랢햹짧믡죋샠뗄탨쟳,랴췆돶퓚벼럇쿟탔맦뮮쒣탍[21],늻좷뚨쳵볾쿂뗄짺첬릤튵풰쫵ꆢ훆뛈ꆢ쿻럑랽쪽ꆢ닺튵뷡릹뗈랽쏦펦룃뷸탐퓵쟸죡탔퇐뺿[22]뗈ꆣ훐탄뮹믽벫닎폫쇋퓚헣붭훝퇹뗄뇤룯닅쓜싺ퟣ헢킩튪쟳,듓뛸뇜쏢늻뿉돖탸랢뫍맣뚫쓏몣뗄EIP맦뮮쿮쒿ꆣ햹뗄탐캪ꆣ뫳튻쮼슷늻틔복쟡뮷뺳펰쿬캪훐탄,떫짺첬릤튵풰쟸뗄돉릦쪵쪩탨튪뷢뻶훮뛠벼쫵ꆢ뮷뺳뗄펰쿬좷쪵놻뾼싇퓚쓚늢웰ퟅ훘튪뗄ퟷ폃ꆣ릤뷰ꆢퟩ횯뫍훆뛈짏뗄삧쓑ꆣ죧웳튵뮥쿠붨솢웰컯튵짺첬톧냼몬ퟅ헢2훖쮼슷ꆣ쇷솪쾵뫳쮫랽뚼틗쫜뛔랽짺닺늨뚯뗄펰쿬,떼훂튻릤튵짺첬톧쒿잰퓚럖컶쫖뛎욫훘폚벼쫵닣쏦,훖짏쿂폎럧쿕;좱랦폐킧뗄탅쾢붻쇷믺훆뫍욽첨;떫ퟷ캪튻룶짦벰떽뮯릤ꆢ뮷뺳ꆢ쓜풴ꆢ뺭볃ꆢ짺첬튻킩낲좫믺훆믲뫳놸쾵춳쯹떼훂뗄뛮췢럑폃,듲믷톧ꆢ탅쾢벼쫵ꆢ쾵춳릤돌뗈뛠쇬폲붻닦뗄톧뿆,쯼웳튵붨솢릲짺뫏ퟷ맘쾵뗄믽벫탔;쿖탐뗄웳튵믡볆탨튪랢햹돶뿉틔돤럖쓉죫ퟔ좻뿆톧뫍짧믡뿆톧쯹뾼훆뛈좱랦뛔뮷뺳돉놾뗄뾼싇,떼훂웳튵볤뗄짺첬릤달뗄틲쯘ꆢ룼뾪럅뗄럖컶뫍움맀랽램ꆣ릤튵짺첬톧튵뫏ퟷ쿮쒿뗄퓋탐닺짺삧쓑ꆣ뚨솿뗄EIP럖컶릤뻟뗄쪵볹쫖뛎탨튪퓚뛔쾵춳뗄헻쳥뾼싇훐늻뛏뗘볓틔뛔폚EIP뗄짨볆ꆢ맜샭뫍랢햹뻟폐쪮럖훘튪뗄틢럡뢻뫍췪짆ꆣ틥,떫쒿잰죔좻쫇튻룶놡죵뮷뷚ꆣ평폚듳뛠쫽릤튵웳튵뗄럏컯업럅죔좻쿠떱뛠,닎뾼컄쿗:쒿잰뗄EIP쿮쒿뇈뷏맘힢돉풱볤럏컯붻뮻,헢쫇닺[1]ꆡ:anhistoricalview[J].J튵릲짺쾵춳랢햹뗄튻룶돵늽뷗뛎ꆣ듓뎤풶뾴,쯦ퟅCleanerProduction,1997,5(1ꆪ2):1ꆪ10.벼쫵뗄뷸늽[2]ꆡErkmanS.릤튵짺첬톧[M].탬탋풪틫.놱뺩:뺭볃,죧DfE뗄돉쫬뫍싌즫맽돌릤틕뗄뾪랢,탭뛠짺닺맽돌붫랢짺룹놾탔뗄뇤룯,듓뛸떼훂죕놨돶냦짧,1999.쪳컯췸뗄뷡릹뫍쓚죝튲랢짺쿠펦뗄뇤뮯ꆣ[3]ꆡ훜헜,샮폐죳,짲뺲훩,뗈.쎺릤튵뗄듺킻럖컶벰웤짺첬폅뮯[J].볆쯣믺폫펦폃뮯톧,2001,18(3):(3)릦쓜뺭볃/럾컱뺭볃193ꆪ췆탐뗄짺닺뫍쿻럑샭쓮쫇:짺닺헟돶쫛뗄[4]ꆡ췴뺢쯉,뛎맣뫩,샮랽틥,뗈.믹폚닺욷짺쏼훜웚뗄늻쫇닺욷놾짭,뛸쫇닺욷쯹냼몬뗄쪹폃릦쓜;쿻럑싌즫훆퓬벼쫵퇐뺿쿖ힴ폫햹췻[J].볆쯣믺벯돉훆헟퓲컞탨릺싲뫍펵폐닺욷놾짭,횻탨튪릺싲닺욷뗄퓬쾵춳,1999,5(4):1ꆪ8.릦쓜뫍쿠맘럾컱ꆣ늢늻삩듳짺닺,춨맽폅뮯닺욷뫍[5]ꆡ:two럾컱뗄쪹폃폫릦쓜,살폅뮯쿖폐닆뢻(닺욷ꆢ횪쪶demonstrationprojects[EB/OL]..뫍ퟔ좻)뗄맜샭,듓뛸복짙ퟔ좻풴뗄쪹폃뫍럏컯fi/helsie/,2000208230/2000209203.뗄닺짺ꆣ릦쓜뺭볃뗄쒿뇪쫇ퟮ돤럖ꆢퟮ뎤쪱볤뗘샻[6]ꆡ폃닺욷뗄쪹폃볛횵,춬쪱쿻뫄ퟮ짙뗄컯훊풴뫍쓜onintegratedpollutionpreventionandcontrol:usinglifecy2솿ꆣ웻뎵ꆢ뗧뮰ꆢ뗧쓔뗈뚼뿉폃틔ퟷ캪릦쓜뺭볃뗄cleassessmentfortheintegratedassessmentoftechnologies뗤탍닺욷뛸볓틔룄퓬ꆣ[J].JournalofIndustrialEcology,2000,4(2):35ꆪ48.릦쓜뺭볃뗄퇐뺿뫍쪵쪩쫇뛠랽쏦뗄ꆣ퓚뷌폽짏[7]ꆡ:implicationsfor췆탐럾컱뺭볃뗄샭쓮,헢킩붫췆뚯짺닺헟닺욷뗄훆environmentaldesignandmanagement[M].WashingtonD퓬뫍짨볆훐돤럖닉폃DfEꆢDfDꆢDfR랽램뺡솿퇓뎤C:NationalAcademyPress,1997.' 1994-2010 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
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