ꆡꆡꆡꆡ맺볊뺭볃맦퓲뗄쪵쪩믺훆샮쿲퇴3ꆡꆡ쓚죝쳡튪ꆡ틀헕풼쫸돌뛈뗄닮틬,컒쏇냑쿖탐맺볊뺭볃맦퓲뮮럖캪죽훖샠탍:잿훆풼쫸탍ꆢ킭짌풼쫸탍폫ퟔ풸풼쫸탍ꆣ헢킩맦퓲뗄쪵쪩뷡맻좡뻶폚늻춬뗄믺훆:잿훆탍맦퓲뗄쪵쪩좡뻶폚뎬맺볒뗄닃뻶믺훆;킭짌탍맦퓲뗄쪵쪩좡뻶폚맺볒탅폾뫍놨뢴믺훆;ퟔ풸풼쫸탍맦퓲뗄쪵쪩쫇쫐뎡톡퓱뗄뷡맻ꆣ늻싛쓄튻훖쪵쪩믺훆,평폚늻춬맺볒닎폫맦퓲쪵쪩뗄쓜솦듦퓚닮틬,웤쪵쪩뷡맻뇘좻폐샻폚듳맺ꆣ얪쟥룷훖맺볊뺭볃맦퓲뗄쪵쪩믺훆,뛔폚짮죫샭뷢떳뗄쪮웟듳놨룦훐쯹ퟶ돶뗄ꆰ뫍욽랢햹죔쫇쪱듺훷쳢ꆱꆢꆰ냔좨훷틥뫍잿좨헾훎틀좻듦퓚ꆱ뗈헽좷에뛏,뻟폐짮뿌틢틥ꆣ맘볼듊ꆡ맺볊뺭볃맦퓲ꆡퟔ풸풼쫸탍맦퓲ꆡ킭짌풼쫸탍맦퓲ꆡ잿훆풼쫸탍맦퓲튻틽퇔맺볊뺭볃맦퓲뗄탎돉믺훆폫쪵쪩믺훆쫇튻룶쇮죋ퟅ쏔뗄컊쳢(샮쿲퇴,2006),놾컄붫ퟅ훘첽쳖맺볊뺭볃맦퓲뗄쪵쪩믺훆ꆣ쪵쪩믺훆훁짙짦벰솽룶랽쏦뗄컊쳢,튻쫇맦퓲쪵쪩뗄맽돌벰웤릫헽탔,뛾쫇맦퓲쪵쪩뗄뷡맻벰웤릫헽탔ꆣ맺볊뺭볃맦퓲뗄훆뚨뫍쪵쪩믺훆횮볤듦퓚ퟅ쒳훖틲맻맘쾵:컞싛쫇맦퓲쪵쪩맽돌뮹쫇쪵쪩뷡맻뗄릫헽탔뚼좡뻶폚맦퓲뗄훆뚨맽돌쫇럱릫헽;맦퓲뗄쪵쪩맽돌놾짭캪맦퓲뗄펦폃헟쳡릩쇋뫜듳뗄ퟔ훷뿕볤;늻춬샠탍뗄맦퓲듸살뗄뷡맻믡폐뫜듳뗄닮틬ꆣ내헕맺볊뺭볃맦퓲뛔쏱ퟥ맺볒뗄풼쫸돌뛈룟뗍,뿉틔붫웤뮮럖캪죽훖샠탍ꆣ튻쫇잿훆풼쫸탍(틔쿂볲돆잿훆탍)맦퓲ꆣ늻뷶돉풱맺폐쏷좷뗄좨샻뫍틥컱,뛸쟒캪폐킧쪵쪩헢훖좨샻폫틥컱뮹튪폐튻쳗쏷좷뗄닃뻶믺훆ꆣWTO맦퓲쫇헢훖샠탍뗄듺뇭ꆣ쏦뛔잿훆풼쫸탍맦퓲,쯹폐맺볒뚼펦룃쫇욽뗈뗄,뛸쪵볊짏헢튻뗣쫇뫜쓑ퟶ떽뗄ꆣ뛾쫇킭짌풼쫸탍(틔쿂볲돆킭짌탍)맦퓲ꆣ뫍잿훆탍맦퓲쿠뇈,킭짌탍맦퓲뗄쪵쪩춨뎣늻틀뾿쏷좷뗄헹뛋뷢뻶믺훆,뛸쫇틀뾿돉풱맺횮볤뗄첸에믺훆ꆣ떱첸에뛔쫖횮볤뗄쪵솦듦퓚퇏훘늻뻹뫢쪱,뻍뫜쓑놣횤뷡맻뗄릫헽탔ꆣ퓚킭짌탍맦퓲훐,듳맺춨뎣훷떼ퟅ맦퓲뗄훆뚨뫍쪵쪩맽돌ꆣ샠쯆맺볊믵뇒믹뷰ퟩ횯(IMF)ꆢ쫀뷧틸탐ꆢ쫀뷧쎳틗ퟩ횯(WTO)뗄잰짭ꆪꆪꆪ맘쎳ퟜ킭뚨(GATT)뗄맦퓲뚼쫴폚헢훖샠탍ꆣ죽쫇ퟔ풸풼쫸탍맦퓲ꆣ떱튻맺죏캪듓쒳훖맦퓲훐쓜릻믱틦뛸ퟔ훷톡퓱ퟱ쫘,랴횮퓲럅웺ퟱ쫘쪱,컒쏇냑쯻쏇돆횮캪ퟔ풸풼쫸탍(틔쿂볲돆ퟔ풸탍)맦퓲ꆣ헢훖맦퓲뗄쪵쪩훷튪틀삵폚쫐뎡믺훆ꆣ3샮쿲퇴:훐맺짧믡뿆톧풺쫀뷧뺭볃폫헾훎퇐뺿쯹100732뗧ퟓ탅쿤:lixiangyang@ꆣ놾컄쫇훐맺짧믡뿆톧풺풺훘듳뿎쳢ꆰ뺭볃좫쟲뮯폫훐맺ꆱ뗄돉맻횮튻ꆣ룃뿎쳢뗄훷돖죋헅폮퇠폫뿎쳢ퟩ웤쯻돉풱뛔놾컄쳡돶쇋폐볛횵뗄탞룄붨틩,ퟷ헟뛔듋뇭쪾룐킻ꆣ쫀뷧뺭볃32007쓪뗚12웚ꆤꆡ3ꆤ' 1994-2014 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
ꆡꆡ맺볊뺭볃맦퓲뗄쪵쪩믺훆죧맻튻맺늻ퟱ쫘헢훖맦퓲붫믡쫜떽쫐뎡뗄돍랣,믲쫜떽웤쯻맺볒뗄놨뢴ꆣ헢샠맦퓲냼삨뗄랶캧뫜맣,폐킩쫇훷좨맺볒횮볤쯹듯돉뗄킭뚨,죧뺭뫏ퟩ횯(OECD)뗄릫쮾훎샭ힼ퓲ꆢ맺볊샍릤ퟩ횯(ILO)뗄샍릤뇪ힼꆢ냍죻뛻킭뚨ꋲ;폐킩쫇떥룶맺볒쯹훆뚨뗄맦퓲,죧쏀맺뗄죸냠쮹-냂뿋쮹샻램낸,죎뫎맺볒뗄웳튵튪쿫퓚쏀맺횤좯쫐뎡짏쫐뚼늻뗃늻ퟱ쫘룃쿮램싉;뮹폐튻킩쫇럇헾뢮ퟩ횯쯹좷솢뗄맦퓲,죧쓂뗏햮컱움볛뇪ힼꆢ뇪ힼ웕뛻햮컱움볛엺ힼ뗈ꆣ뻍쪵쪩맽돌폫쪵쪩뷡맻뗄릫헽탔뛸퇔,퓚헢죽훖샠탍뗄맦퓲훐,ퟔ풸탍맦퓲쫇ퟮ뗍뗄,틲캪ꆰ죵죢잿쪳ꆱ폫ꆰ펮헟춨돔ꆱ쫇헢샠맦퓲쪵쪩뗄믹놾램퓲(샮쿲퇴,2002)ꆣ뇈뷏늻춬풼쫸돌뛈맦퓲뗄쪵쪩믺훆,컒쏇붫믡랢쿖,듓ퟔ풸탍떽잿훆탍맦퓲쫇튻룶뗝뷸뗄맽돌:ퟔ풸탍맦퓲뗄쪵쪩믺훆쫇쯹폐맦퓲쪵쪩믺훆뗄믹뒡,캥놳쫐뎡믹놾램퓲뗄맦퓲쫇쓑틔헦헽쪵쪩뗄;킭짌탍맦퓲뗄쪵쪩믺훆쫇틔ퟔ풸탍맦퓲뗄쪵쪩믺훆캪믹뒡뗄;뛸잿훆탍맦퓲뗄쪵쪩믺훆폖쫇붨솢퓚톡퓱뫍ퟔ풸탍맦퓲횮짏뗄ꆣ틲듋,놾컄붫듓ퟔ풸탍맦퓲뾪쪼럖컶쯼쏇뗄쪵쪩맽돌뫍쪵쪩뷡맻ꆣ늻춬샠탍뗄맺볊뺭볃맦퓲늢럇쫇만뚨늻뇤뗄ꆣ뷱죕뗄킭짌탍맦퓲뿉쓜믡돉캪쏷죕뗄잿훆탍맦퓲;춬퇹,뷱죕뗄ퟔ풸탍맦퓲튲뿉쓜믡돉캪쏷죕뗄킭짌탍맦퓲ꆣ헢훖뮯춨뎣뚼쫇떥쿲뗄,벴듓ퟔ풸탍뮯캪킭짌탍,듓킭짌탍뮯캪잿훆탍,뛸늻쫇쿠랴ꆣꋙ틔맺볊쎳틗맦퓲캪샽,컞싛쫇컚삭맧믘뫏쯹듯돉뗄탂맦퓲뮹쫇뛠맾믘뫏벴붫첸에뗄탂맦퓲,ퟮ돵뚼쫇킭짌탍뫍ퟔ풸탍맦퓲ꆣ뾼싇떽맺볊뺭볃맦퓲몭룇뗄랶캧풽살풽맣,맦퓲늻뛏듓뗍벶쿲룟벶뮯,틲듋맦퓲뛔쏱ퟥ맺볒뗄풼쫸돌뛈쫇튻룶늻뛏짏짽뗄맽돌ꆣ뛔맦퓲뗄헢훖뮮럖횻쫇캪쇋샭싛럖컶뗄뇣샻ꆣ쿖쪵훐,뾴쯆쿠춬뗄맦퓲뿉쓜뻟폐늻춬뗄풼쫸돌뛈ꆣ샽죧쟸폲쎳틗킭뚨뻍폐뛠훖탎쪽,폐킩횻쫇쯉즢뗄ꆢ컞풼쫸솦뗄맦퓲,쇭튻킩퓲쫇샠쯆폚쏱ퟥ맺볒뗄램싉;쟸폲쎳틗ퟩ횯뗄쓚늿맦퓲뛔돉풱맺뿉쓜쫇잿훆풼쫸탍뗄,뛔쟸폲췢맺볒퓲뿉쓜쫇ퟔ풸풼쫸탍뗄ꆣ뛾ퟔ풸풼쫸탍맦퓲뗄쪵쪩믺훆뛔맦퓲뗄쪵쪩헟뛸퇔,ퟔ풸탍맦퓲횮쯹틔놻ퟱ쫘,쫇틲캪헢쫇룷랽뷸탐돉놾-쫕틦뇈뷏뫳뗄튻훖톡퓱뷡맻ꆣퟱ쫘맦퓲뗄쫕틦살ퟔ폚맦퓲뗄헽췢늿탔:붵뗍붻틗돉놾ꆣ떫ퟱ쫘맦퓲춬퇹튲튪뢶돶돉놾,폈웤쫇퓚맺볊뺭볃믮뚯훐ퟱ쫘뇰죋훆뚨뗄맦퓲쪱,돉놾뻍룼캪쏷쿔ꆣOECD퓚2000쓪퓸믹폚쏀맺ꆢ죕놾뫍펢맺3룶늿쏅55볒웳튵ퟶ쇋튻쿮퇐뺿,뷡맻쿔쪾웳튵ퟱ듓맺췢뇪ힼ믡쪹돉놾쳡룟10%ꆣ쇭튻쿮몭룇쇋뚫얷ꆢ삭쏀ꆢ쓏퇇ꆢ죶맾삭틔쓏럇훞16룶랢햹훐맺볒12룶닺튵뗄159볒웳튵뗄퇐뺿쿔쪾,ퟱ듓뷸뿚맺쯹튪쟳뗄뇪ힼ뫍벼쫵맜훆늻뷶쪹웳튵뗄늻뇤돉놾쳡룟,뛸쟒뮹믡쳡룟뿉뇤돉놾(Maskusetal.,2005)ꆣ틲듋,퓚쎻폐췢늿풼쫸뗄쟩뿶쿂,횻폐떱쫕틦듳폚돉놾쪱,튻맺(믲튻맺뗄웳튵)닅믡톡퓱뷓쫜맦퓲;랴횮,쯼쏇뻍믡뻜뻸뷓쫜맦퓲ꆣ뛔맦퓲뗄훆뚨헟뛸퇔,볈탨튪쳡룟ퟱ쫘맦퓲뗄쫕틦,룼탨튪퓶볓늻쫘맦퓲뗄돉놾ꆣ쿖쪵훐,ퟔ풸탍맦퓲뗄쪵쪩훷튪틀삵폚솽샠믺훆:좫쟲쫐뎡풼쫸믺훆뫍튻맺쫐뎡뗄풼쫸믺훆ꆣ탨튪횸돶뗄쫇,벴쪹쫇ퟔ풸탍맦퓲,웤쪵쪩믺훆튲늢늻췪좫틀뾿쫐뎡놾짭,웤쯻튻킩믺훆튲믡믲뛠믲짙뗘랢믓ퟷ폃ꆣ(튻)좫쟲쫐뎡풼쫸믺훆퓚죕뎣짺믮훐,죋쏇맘힢뗄훘뗣듳뚼쫇잿훆탍맦퓲뫍킭짌탍맦퓲,뇈죧IMFꆢ쫀뷧틸탐ꆢWTO쯹훆뚨뗄룷훖맦퓲ꆣ떫쫂쪵짏,쫀뷧쫐뎡붻틗믮뚯쯹ퟱ톭뗄맦퓲듳뛠쫽쫇ퟔ풸풼쫸탍뗄ꆣ웤훐,닺욷뇪ힼꆢ벼쫵맦헂폫죏횤훆뛈쫇ퟮ뎣볻뗄ퟔ풸풼쫸탍맦퓲ꆣ뺭맽쫽듎뛠뇟쎳틗첸에,뒫춳뗄쎳틗뇚생(맘쮰ꆢ엤뛮)틑훰붥복짙,틔뇪ힼ캪듺뇭뗄럇맘쮰뇚생풽살풽뛠ꆣ퓚WTO쳥쾵쓚,돽쇋ꆰ뚯횲컯볬틟듫쪩ꆱ(SPS)횮췢,ꋙ튻룶랴샽쫇,맺볊믵뇒믹뷰ퟩ횯폫늼샗뛙즭쇖쳥쾵쿂만뚨믣싊훆뗄맘쾵ꆣ평폚늼샗뛙즭쇖쳥쾵뗄췟뷢,돉풱맺쿖틑늻뇘ퟱ쫘만뚨믣싊훆뗄쿠맘맦퓲ꆣ쫀뷧뺭볃32007쓪뗚12웚ꆤꆡ4ꆤ' 1994-2014 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
샮쿲퇴ꆡꆡ횻폐튻룶쯉즢뗄쎳틗벼쫵뇚생킭틩,횼퓚놣횤잿훆탔뗄벼쫵맦헂ꆢퟔ풸뇪ힼꆢ닺욷볬퇩뫍횤쏷늻믡뛔쎳틗릹돉뇚생ꆣ벴뇣쫇ꆰ뚯횲컯볬틟듫쪩ꆱ,튲뮹듦퓚뫜뛠믒즫쟸폲ꆣ룃킭틩쎻폐좷뚨폐맘뇪ힼ뗄쪵훊쓚죝뫍뻟쳥뫢솿돟뛈,횻쫇맄샸돉풱닉폃맺볊죏춬뗄뇪ힼ,죧쪳욷램맦캯풱믡(CAC)뗄뇪ힼꆢ맺볊뚯컯벲늡냬릫쫒(OIE)뗄뇪ힼꆢ맺볊횲컯놣뮤릫풼(IPPC)뗄뇪ힼ뗈ꆣ룷돉풱튲뿉틔ퟔ탐뚩솢닺욷뗄벼쫵맦뚨,떫뇘탫춨놨폫맺볊뇪ힼ뗄닮틬,쟒쮵쏷웤폃틢ꆣ룃킭틩뷶폐뗄풼쫸튲횻쿞폚헾뢮쯹훆뚨뗄쿠맘뇪ힼ,믹놾짏늻룉풤럇헾뢮ퟩ횯훆뚨뗄ퟔ풸닺욷뇪ힼ(믴뿋싼폫뾼쮹첩믹,1999,훐틫놾)ꆣ튲뻍쫇쮵,WTO뛔맺볊랶캧쓚뗄뇪ힼ컊쳢늢쎻폐쏷좷뗄맦퓲,쯼캪룷맺훆뚨ퟔ벺뗄뇪ힼ쇴쿂쇋뻞듳뗄뿕볤ꆣ쏱ퟥ맺볒헾뢮ꆢ쟸폲쎳틗ퟩ횯ꆢ탐튵ퟩ횯뚼솦춼퓚쫀뷧랶캧쓚쪵쪩ퟔ짭쯹훆뚨뗄뇪ힼꆢ벼쫵맦헂ꆢ죏횤훆뛈ꆣ잰얷쏋쎳틗듺뇭삭쏗냑헢훖쿖쿳돆횮캪ꆰ헦헽뗄21쫀볍쎳틗컊쳢ꆱꆣ평폚맣듳랢햹훐맺볒쎻폐쓜솦훆뚨뛀솢뗄닺욷뇪ힼꆢ벼쫵맦헂폫죏횤훆뛈,쯼쏇뷸죫맺볊쫐뎡뻍늻뗃늻톡퓱뷓쫜쿖탐뗄맦퓲ꆣ듙쪹쯼쏇ꆰퟔ풸ꆱ뷓쫜듋샠맦퓲뗄믺훆훷튪살ퟔ폚틔쿂벸룶랽쏦:웤튻,싺ퟣ쳘뚨뗄뇪ힼ틑뺭돉캪뷸죫췢맺쫐뎡뗄튻룶잰쳡쳵볾ꆣ랢듯맺볒뗄탨쟳욫뫃쿠쯆탔떼훂쯼쏇춨뎣믡닉쓉쿠쯆뗄쫐뎡ힼ죫뇪ힼꆣ샽죧:훷튪짦벰뮷뺳폫짧믡뇪ힼ뗄SA8000;퓚맺볊얩닺욷뇪ힼ쇬폲,ꆰ펢맺쇣쫛튵솪쏋(BRC)쪳욷벼쫵뇪ힼꆱ훆뚨쇋쪳욷낲좫뫍쪳욷컀짺맦퓲;ퟮ뷼탎돉뗄ꆰEUREPGAP쮮맻폫쫟닋뇪ힼꆱ좷솢쇋쪳욷낲좫ꆢ뮷뺳폫짧믡맦퓲ꆣ웤뛾,평폚맺볊횱뷓춶ꆢ맺볊짺닺췸싧ꆢ췢냼뗄톸쯙랢햹,랢햹훐맺볒뺭볃훐풽살풽뛠뗄닺튵틑뺭놻쓉죫떽맺볊럖릤뗄솴쳵횮쓚,뷓쫜랢듯맺볒뗄닺욷뇪ힼꆢ벼쫵맦헂폫죏횤훆뛈틑뺭돉캪웳튵헽뎣짺닺ꆢ쿺쫛ꆢ맜샭믮뚯뗄뇘튪쳵볾ꆣ랢듯맺볒뗄뿧맺릫쮾춨맽짺닺릩펦솴냑쿠맘뗄틥컱잿볓룸쇋맘솪웳튵(JaffeeandHensen,2004)ꆣ웤죽,랢햹훐맺볒쫐뎡훐뷩쳥쾵랢햹훍뫳웈쪹웤늻뗃늻뷓쫜랢듯맺볒뗄훐뷩믺릹뗄죏횤,뷸뛸돉캪랢듯맺볒뇪ힼ뗄뷓쫜헟ꆣ샽죧,쏀맺쪳욷폫튩컯맜샭뻖(FDA)뛔뷸뿚마컯뗄믆쟺쎹쯘뗄몬솿늢늻ퟶ볬퇩,튲벫짙틲캪몬솿맽룟뛸뿛톺닺욷,떫퓚쏀맺맺쓚쫐뎡짏평폚튪룹뻝믆쟺쎹쯘뗄몬솿룟뗍좷뚨볛룱헛뿛,쮽죋훐뷩믺릹춨뎣뚼튪뛔듋뷸탐볬퇩ꆣ랢햹훐맺볒좱랦뗃떽맺볊릫죏뗄훊솿죏횤믺릹,폚쫇뻍늻뗃늻뷓쫜췢살뗄죏횤뇪ힼꆣ웤쯄,웳튵뿉틔듓닉쓉맺볊춨탐맦퓲훐횱뷓믱틦(믲늻닉쓉횱뷓쫜쯰)ꆣ샽죧,퓚맺볊놾쫐뎡짏,웳튵뗄죚돉놾뫍웤탅움벶횱뷓쿠맘ꆣ뛸맺볊춨탐뗄웳튵탅움벶뇪ힼ훷튪폐쓂뗏햮컱움벶뇪ힼꆢ뇪ힼ쓂뛻햮컱움벶뇪ힼꆣ횻폐믱뗃뷏룟뗄햮컱움벶뇪ힼ,웳튵닅뿉쓜횧뢶뷏뗍뗄죚돉놾ꆣ퓙죧,퓚맺볊뷰죚쫐뎡짏,틸탐뗄탅쮮욽뫍냍죻뛻킭뚨ꋲ쯹좷뚨뗄틸탐ퟔ폐놾뇈싊횱뷓쿠맘ꆣ횻폐듯떽냍죻뛻킭뚨ꋲ쯹맦뚨뗄쮮욽,틸탐닅쓜믱뗃헽뎣뗄탅움맀ꆣ뛔폚틔닺욷뇪ힼꆢ벼쫵맦헂폫죏횤훆뛈캪듺뇭뗄ퟔ풸풼쫸탍맦퓲쪵쪩뗄뷡맻,뺭볃톧볒뮹듦퓚헹틩ꆣ튻훖뾴램죏캪,랢듯맺볒훷떼뗄헢샠맦퓲쪵쪩뷡맻뛔랢햹훐맺볒탎돉쇋튻훖탂탍뗄쎳틗뇚생ꆣ폈웤쫇뷼쓪살랢듯맺볒냑쯹캽뗄뮷뺳틲쯘ꆢ짧믡틲쯘(죧샍릤뇪ힼ)ꆢ웳튵짧믡퓰죎쓉죫떽맺볊맦퓲횮쓚,붫벫듳뗘쯰몦랢햹훐맺볒뗄맺볊뺺헹솦ꆣ뛸쇭튻훖뾴램죏캪,쪵쪩춳튻뗄맺볊뇪ힼ붫폐훺폚듙뷸랢햹훐맺볒웳튵늻뛏쳡룟ퟔ짭뗄뺺헹솦(JaffeeandHensen,2004)ꆣ뛔듋,컒쏇죏캪,쯤좻짙쫽랢햹훐맺볒폐뿉쓜뿧풽헢훖쎳틗뇚생,뷸죫랢듯맺볒뗄탐쇐,떫뻸듳뛠쫽맺볒좴믡틲듋놻뇟풵뮯ꆣ(뛾)튻맺믲튻룶쟸폲뗄쫐뎡풼쫸믺훆뛔폚듳맺뛸퇔,웤맺쓚쫐뎡뗄펰쿬솦뺭뎣ퟣ틔웈쪹웤쯻맺볒뷓쫜쯻쏇쯹훆뚨뗄맦퓲ꆣ틔릫쮾훎샭뇪ힼ캪샽,컒쏇살럖컶쏀맺쫇죧뫎훂솦폚냑웤릫쮾훎샭쒣쪽쿲좫쫀뷧췆맣뗄ꆣ뷼쓪살,퓚맺볊랶캧쓚췆뷸릫쮾훎샭룄룯쪵볊짏쫇냑쏀맺릫쮾훎샭쒣쪽췆쿲좫쫀뷧ꆣퟷ캪쫀뷧뺭볃뗄냔훷,쏀맺뿉틔춨맽뛠훖랽쪽퓚맺볊랶캧쓚췆뷸릫쮾훎샭룄룯ꆣ뗚튻,샻폃쏀맺뷰죚쫐뎡뗄폅쫆,웈쪹웤쯻맺볒뷓쫜쏀맺뗄뇪ힼꆣ쫀뷧탭뛠맺볒뗄웳튵퓚쏀맺놾쫐뎡짏쫐,튪쟳헢킩췢맺웳튵ퟱ톭쏀맺뗄맦퓲붫웈쪹웤룄뇤릫쮾훎샭ꆣ릫쫀뷧뺭볃32007쓪뗚12웚ꆤꆡ5ꆤ' 1994-2014 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
ꆡꆡ맺볊뺭볃맦퓲뗄쪵쪩믺훆쮾닆컱돳컅놬랢틔뫳,2003쓪쏀맺훆뚨쇋훸쏻뗄ꆶ죸냠쮹-냂뿋쮹샻램ꆷꆣ뺡맜룃램낸쪵쪩잰뻍퓢떽쇋룷맺뗄랴뛔(떣탄캣벰퓚쏀맺쫐뎡짏쫐릫쮾뗄샻틦),떫룃램낸죔좻듓2004쓪웰뾪쪼쪵쪩ꆣ뗚뛾,평쏀맺훐뷩믺릹뇠훆릫쮾훎샭횸쫽,늢틔듋캪믹뒡횸떼좫쟲춶헟뗄춶ꆣ죧맻헢튻볆뮮뗃틔쪵쪩,쓇킩늻럻뫏쏀맺릫쮾훎샭쒣쪽뗄웳튵믲맺볒붫믡쫜떽쫐뎡뗄돍랣ꆣ뗚죽,폫쳥훆쿠쯆뗄맺볒죧펢맺잩쫰쮫뇟맺볊킭뚨,캪맺볊릫쮾훎샭맦퓲뗄췆맣뗬뚨믹뒡ꆣ얦풼뫍싗뛘쫇쫀뷧ퟮ훘튪뗄맺볊뷰죚훐탄,쯼쏇횮볤뗄뫏ퟷ폫킭뗷믡뛔웤쯻맺볒닺짺훘듳뗄펰쿬ꆣ돽헢킩쫐뎡폅쫆횮췢,쏀맺뮹뿉틔춨맽웤쯻랽쪽췆맣웤릫쮾훎샭쒣쪽ꆣ죧춨맽훮죧OECDꆢ맺볊쟥쯣틸탐뗈헢퇹뗄맺볊ퟩ횯,훆뚨뫍췆탐맺볊웕뇩뷓쫜뗄릫쮾훎샭풭퓲ꆣퟷ캪ꆰ랢듯맺볒뻣샖늿ꆱ,OECD쯹쪵쪩뗄탭뛠맦퓲ퟮ훕뚼돉캪좫쟲쯹뷓쫜뗄맺볊뺭볃맦퓲ꆣ쒿잰WTO뗄뫜뛠맦퓲ퟮ돵뚼살ퟔ폚OECDꆣ횻튪퓚랢듯맺볒쓚늿뗃떽죏춬,쿲좫쟲췆맣뗄ퟨ솦뻍믡듳듳복짙ꆣ춬쪱,쏀맺뮹쫔춼췆뚯WTO폐맘뷸튻늽뷰죚ퟔ평뮯뗄첸에ꆣ쿖폐뗄WTO맦퓲늢늻횱뷓짦벰릫쮾훎샭맦퓲,떫쿠맘쇬폲뗄첸에(죧퇸샏뷰믹뷰뗄쫐뎡ힼ죫)폐훺폚쏀맺쒣쪽뗄췆맣ꆣ헢킩ퟶ램늢럇쎻폐ퟨ솦,ퟮ듳뗄ퟨ솦쫇쫀뷧뺭볃훐뗄듳맺짐쎻폐탎돉춳튻뗄릫쮾훎샭쒣쪽ꆣ죧맻훷튪듳맺쪵쪩폐뇰폚쏀맺뗄릫쮾훎샭쒣쪽,좫쟲랶캧쓚뗄릫쮾훎샭룄룯뻍쓑틔췆탐ꆣ쒿잰,쏀펢횮췢뗄맺볊뷰죚훐탄랢햹톸쯙,얷쏋놾쫐뎡뗄춳튻늽랥볓뿬,쏀맺잿웈웤쯻맺볒뷓쫜놾맺뇪ힼ뗄ퟶ램뇘좻믡쫜떽뗖훆ꆣ벴쪹쿱OECD쯹뎫떼뗄릫쮾훎샭풭퓲튲늻췪좫뗈춬폚쏀맺쒣쪽(Iskanderetal.,2000)ꆣ헫뛔쏀맺뗄떥랽탐캪,살ퟔ맺볊짧믡뗄뗖훆튲퓚늻뛏볓잿ꆣ틔ꆶ죸냠쮹-냂뿋쮹샻램ꆷ캪샽,췢맺웳튵늻뷶놧풹쏀맺뗄폲췢램좨,뛸쟒쯼튲횱뷓쳡룟쇋웳튵뗄돉놾ꆣ룃램쪵쪩틔살뗄쪵볹뇭쏷,ퟱ쫘룃램탨튪뢶돶룟낺돉놾,듳릫쮾욽뻹뎬맽400췲쏀풪,뛸늻쫇쏀맺헾뢮ퟮ돵맀볆뗄췲쏀풪ꆣ뛔쫕틦뗍폚1틚쏀풪뗄릫쮾뛸퇔,쯹뢶돉놾햼웤쫕틦뗄뇈샽뎬맽%(Economist,2005)ꆣ쏦뛔헢훖ퟔ풸탔풼쫸맦퓲,췢맺웳튵횻쓜췋돶쏀맺쫐뎡,떫췋돶놾짭튲탨튪뢶돶룟낺뗄듺볛ꆣ룹뻝쏀맺쿖탐램싉맦뚨,벴뇣튻볒췢맺릫쮾훕횹퓚얦풼짏쫐,쯼뿉쓜죔뇘탫컞쿞웚뗘볌탸쿲쏀맺횤좯붻틗캯풱믡뗝붻닆컱놨뇭ꆣ쒿잰,돽럇튻볒췢맺릫쮾뗄쏀맺춶헟쫽솿뗍폚300캻,럱퓲쯼붫컞램훕횹쿲볠맜늿쏅짪놨뗄틥컱ꆣ룃램쪵쪩횮잰,탭뛠췢맺웳튵췾킲튪췋돶쏀맺횤좯쫐뎡,떫헢늢쎻폐돉캪쿖쪵ꆣ튻룶훘튪뗄풭틲쫇룃램룸폨쇋췢맺웳튵쫊펦뗷헻뗄맽뛉웚ꆣ헦헽뗄펰쿬쫇벴붫톡퓱몣췢짏쫐뗄웳튵붵뗍쇋퓚쏀맺횤좯쫐뎡짏쫐뗄뚯솦ꆣ틲듋,2005쓪돵쏀맺횤좯붻틗캯풱믡(SEC)뻍ꆶ죸냠쮹-냂뿋쮹샻믡볆뫍웳튵훎샭램낸ꆷ훐ퟮ뢴퓓쟒듺볛ퟮ룟낺뗄쳵뿮(벴뗚404헂),쿲웳튵벰쯼쏇뗄짳볆랽헷쟳틢볻ꆣ2005쓪뗗쏀맺횤좯붻틗캯풱믡탻늼붫춨맽룼캪볲뇣뗄춾뺶,훕횹듺볛룟낺뗄퓚쏀닆컱짪놨틥컱,틔복쟡췢맺짏쫐릫쮾뗄짪놨뢺떣ꆣ탂맦퓲붫룄캪,횻튪췢맺릫쮾막욱뗄퓚쏀붻틗뛮뗍폚쫀뷧웤쯻뗘쟸,쏀맺횤좯붻틗캯풱믡뻍뿉쓜쳡틩:죧맻쏀맺춶헟뷶돖폐웤10%믲룼짙뗄막럝,룃릫쮾펦폐좨톡퓱훕횹쿲룃볠맜늿쏅짪놨뗄틥컱(엁뿋,2005)ꆣ캧죆릫쮾훎샭쒣쪽뗄맺볊뇪ힼ,쇭튻훖뗖폹쏀맺뗄ퟶ램살ퟔ폚얷쏋쪵쪩췆탐뗄OECD릫쮾훎샭뇪ힼꆣ웤훐,ퟮ뻟폐펰쿬솦뗄쫇듓2005쓪1퓂1죕뾪쪼퓚얷쏋랶캧쓚닉폃맺볊닆컱놨룦ힼ퓲(IFRS)ꆣ쯼퓚뫜뛠쇬폲뚼폐뇰폚쏀맺쿖탐뗄믡볆ힼ퓲ꆣꋙ내헕맺볊닆컱놨룦ힼ퓲,쫗쿈,쯰틦뇭뇘탫캪막욱웚좨탂짨럑폃쿮,믲헟쮵듓쫕틦훐뿛돽랢럅막욱웚좨뗄돉놾ꆣ웤듎,쯰틦뇭ퟮ듳뗄뇤룯쫇쓉죫캴퓸놻붻틗뗄닺뫍뢺햮(죧퇜짺욷)ꆰ릫욽볛횵ꆱ뗄뇤뚯ꆣ쯹캽릫욽볛횵뻍쫇샻폃쫐뎡뛔릫쮾볛횵뷸탐움볛,늢믹폚캴살쿖뷰쇷뷸탐풤닢,헢놻쫓캪뇈샺쪷돉놾룼뻟쿠맘탔(뢻샕,2005)ꆣ헢튻룄뇤펰쿬떽퓚얷훞횤좯쫐뎡짏ꋙ솽헟횮볤뗄닮뇰벯훐폚쿂쫶쇬폲:컞탎닺쇬폲,믲쯻탔닺폫뢺햮(contingentassetsandliability),닺쯰몦,쓚늿닆컱놨룦,럇솬탸탔튵컱,뫏웳튵샻쾢뗄닆컱놨룦,솪뫏닆컱놨룦폫퓚ퟓ릫쮾춶,뷨뿮돉놾,웳튵뫏늢,맍풱쫕틦,ퟢ쇞뫋쯣,늻뚯닺ꆢ릤뎧폫짨놸볛횵훘맀믹뒡,헛뻉뫋쯣벰쿖뷰쇷놨뇭뗈(Iskanderetal.,2000)ꆣ쫀뷧뺭볃32007쓪뗚12웚ꆤꆡ6ꆤ' 1994-2014 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
샮쿲퇴ꆡꆡ쫐살ퟔ90룶맺볒7000뛠볒웳튵ꆣ뫁컞틉컊,헢훖ퟶ램쫇뛔쏀맺쿲좫쟲췆탐웤릫쮾훎샭쒣쪽얬솦뗄랴잣훆ꆣ떫뛔맣듳랢햹훐맺볒뛸퇔,튪뷸죫얷쏀횤좯쫐뎡,튪쎴뷓쫜쏀맺뗄맦퓲,튪쎴뷓쫜얷훞뗄맦퓲ꆣ컞싛쫇틀삵좫쟲쫐뎡믺훆,뮹쫇틀삵튻맺(튻룶뗘쟸)쫐뎡믺훆,횻튪뷸죫헢킩쫐뎡,ퟔ풸탍맦퓲뻍뻟폐잿훆풼쫸뗄쳘헷ꆣ뛔맣듳랢햹훐맺볒뛸퇔,쯹캽뗄ퟔ풸횻쫇폐ퟔ훷톡퓱뷸죫헢킩쫐뎡뗄좨솦,뛸쎻폐ퟔ훷훆뚨뗄좨솦ꆣ죽킭짌풼쫸탍맦퓲뗄쪵쪩믺훆킭짌탍맦퓲쫇뾿헾뢮볤뗄킭틩살쪵쪩뗄맦퓲ꆣ헢훖킭틩볈폐뿉쓜쫇뛠뇟뗄,튲폐뿉쓜쫇쮫뇟뗄ꆣ맦퓲횮쯹틔쓜릻쪵쪩쫇틲캪듦퓚헾뢮탅폾ꆢ듨짌폫놨뢴믺훆ꆣ내헕킭짌탍맦퓲뗄쪵쪩믺훆,컒쏇냑쯼쏇뮮럖캪솽훖샠탍,튻훖쫇평맺볊쳵풼살풼쫸쪵쪩뗄맦퓲,쇭튻훖쫇평튻룶맺볊믺릹살볠뚽쪵쪩뗄맦퓲ꆣ(튻)맺볊쳵풼쪵쪩믺훆퓚맺볊뺭볃쇬폲,잩쫰맺볊쳵풼쫇튻훖뎣볻뗄맦퓲훆뚨랽쪽ꆣ듓ퟮ볲떥뗄쮫뇟춶놣뮤킭뚨,떽쒳튻쳘뚨쇬폲뗄뛠뇟맺볊킭뚨,죧ꆶ늮뛻쓡릫풼ꆷꆢꆶ뺩뚼틩뚨쫩ꆷ,퓙떽뻟폐맺볊ퟩ횯횰쓜뗄뛠뇟킭뚨,죧WTO뗄잰짭GATTꆣ폫웤쯻샠탍뗄맺볊뺭볃맦퓲쿠뇈,웤쪵쪩믺훆뻟폐틔쿂쳘헷:뗚튻,폫ퟔ풸탍맦퓲쿠뇈,평헾뢮돶쏦잩쫰맺볊킭뚨쿔좻뻟폐룼룟뗄풼쫸솦ꆣ샽죧,퓚1927쓪쫀뷧뺭볃믡틩짏,평폚폫믡헟틔룶죋짭럝잩쫰컄볾,웤뷡맻쫇믡뫳뻸듳늿럖맺볒뚼쎻폐뛒쿖쎳틗ퟔ평뮯뗄돐억ꆣ벴쪹쫇듺뇭헾뢮돶쏦잩쫰맺볊뺭볃쳵풼,춨뎣튲탨튪뗃떽솢램믺릹뗄쫚좨ꆣ퓚GATT뗄뗚쯄싖뛠뇟쎳틗첸에(죕쓚췟믘뫏)훐,평폚쏀맺쎳틗첸에듺뇭쎻폐뗃떽맺믡뗄쫚좨,닎볓맺듓짏튻싖뗄32룶복캪28룶ꆣ춬퇹,퓚뗚쇹싖뛠뇟쎳틗첸에(뿏쓡뗏믘뫏)훐,쏀맺쎳틗첸에듺뇭뗄늻췪좫쫚좨튲퓸쪹럇맘쮰뇚생뗄첸에쿝죫쪧냜ꆣ뗚뛾,튻맺헾뢮쫇럱뻶뚨닎볓맺볊쳵풼뗄첸에,쫇럱뷓쫜쳵풼뗄좨솦폫틥컱퓚뫜듳돌뛈짏쫇ퟔ풸뗄ꆣ좻뛸,튻떩잩쫰킭틩,헢훖킭틩놾짭뛔잩쫰랽뻍뻟폐튻뚨돌뛈뗄잿훆풼쫸솦ꆣ샽죧,퓚ꆶ솪뫏맺웸뫲뇤뮯뿲볜릫풼ꆷ뗄샺듎뗞풼랽믡틩짏,쏀맺튻횱쫇첸에뗄닎폫헟ꆣ벴쪹퓚잩쫰ꆶ뺩뚼틩뚨쫩ꆷ뗄뗚죽듎뗞풼랽믡틩짏,쏀맺튲쫇닎폫헟ꆣꆶ뺩뚼틩뚨쫩ꆷ풭놾뗄쒿뗄쫇캪랢듯맺볒뫍뺭볃맬맺볒훆뚨뻟폐램싉풼쫸솦뗄컂쫒웸쳥업럅뇪ힼ,떫ퟮ훕뷡맻쫇,쏀맺벰냄듳샻퇇뗈맺뻜뻸잩쫰룃킭틩ꆣ틲듋,ꆶ뺩뚼틩뚨쫩ꆷ횻뛔잩쫰맺폐풼쫸솦ꆣ쒿잰,캪ꆶ뺩뚼틩뚨쫩ꆷ2012쓪뗚튻뷗뛎떽웚뫳낲업뗄맺볊첸에틑뺭뾪쪼,쏀맺쫇럱풸틢뷓쫜헢쿮쳵풼뗄풼쫸뮹쫇캴횪쫽ꆣ뗚죽,죧맻쒳튻랽늻ퟱ쫘킭틩,늻뷶헾뢮탅폾쫜떽쯰몦,뛸쟒뮹뿉쓜쫜떽웤쯻돉풱랽뗄놨뢴ꆣ틔GATT캪샽,쯼놾훊짏쫇튻룶뛠뇟쎳틗킭뚨믲싛첳ꆣ퓚1995쓪틔잰뗄40뛠쓪쓚,평폚늻듦퓚췢늿잿훆탔뗄훆뛈뛔캥랴맦퓲탐캪뷸탐돍랣,헦헽뗄쪵쪩믺훆쫇튻훖ퟔ컒쪵쪩(self-enforcing),뛸퓚뾪럅뗄쫐뎡훐ퟶ떽헢튻뗣탨튪킭틩놾짭쓜릻훆뚨뿉뾿뗄놨뢴쫖뛎살펦뛔죎뫎맺볒뛔룃킭틩뗄놳샫틔벰뛮췢짨훃뗄쎳틗헏낭(놴룱췾뛻뫍쮹첩룱뛻,2005,훐틫놾)ꆣ떱좻,늢럇쯹폐뗄헾뢮볤킭뚨뚼뻟폐짏쫶풼쫸믺훆ꆣ쒳킩맺볊볤뗄킭뚨뛔잩쫰맺횻폐뗀틥짏뗄풼쫸ꆣ벴뇣쿱OECD헢퇹뗄맺볊ퟩ횯튲폐탭뛠럇풼쫸탔뗄킭틩,죧잰쏦쳡떽뗄ꆰOECD릫쮾훎샭풭퓲ꆱ,뛔잩쫰맺뛸퇔,늻싄탐듋샠킭틩횻믡듸살헾뢮탅폾믲뗀틥쯰쪧ꆣ(뛾)맺볊믺릹쪵쪩믺훆폫틀뾿맺볊쳵풼뗄쪵쪩믺훆쿠뇈,맺볊믺릹쪵쪩믺훆튪룼캪퇏룱ꆣ퓚헢샯,룷맺횮볤늻뷶폐릲춬죏쫀뷧뺭볃32007쓪뗚12웚ꆤꆡ7ꆤ' 1994-2014 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
ꆡꆡ맺볊뺭볃맦퓲뗄쪵쪩믺훆뿉뗄맺볊쳵풼,뛸쟒뮹폐볠뚽맺볊쳵풼쪵쪩뗄뛀솢맺볊믺릹ꆣ뗚뛾듎쫀뷧듳햽틔뫳뗄늼샗뛙즭쇖쳥쾵뻍쫇튻룶뗤탍샽ퟓꆣ웤맦퓲쪵쪩믺훆훷튪쳥쿖퓚틔쿂벸룶랽쏦ꆣ뗚튻,늼샗뛙즭쇖쳥쾵쫇틔돉풱맺뗄늻욽뗈캪맦퓲뗄웰뗣ꆣ쏀풪폫믆뷰맒릳ꆢ웤쯻맺볒믵뇒폫쏀풪맒릳쯹좷솢뗄ꆰ쮫맒릳ꆱ믺훆쫂쪵짏탎돉쇋튻훖ꆰ훐탄-췢캧ꆱ쒣쪽ꆣ퓚헢훖뷰믣뛒놾캻쳥훆쿂,횻폐쏀풪쿭폐쫀뷧믵뇒뗄뗘캻,웤쯻맺볒믵뇒뚼쫇뢽쫴믵뇒ꆣ쯼쏇폐틥컱캬돖폫쏀풪횮볤뗄만뚨믣싊맘쾵ꆣ튻떩폫쏀풪믣싊뗄늨뚯럹뛈뎬맽쯹맦뚨뗄쟸폲,췢캧맺볒뻍탨튪뗷뷚놾맺뗄맺볊쫕횧ꆣ훁폚튻맺뗷뷚맺볊쫕횧뗄쓜솦춬퇹듦퓚쿈쳬뗄늻욽뗈맦퓲ꆣ튻맺뗷뷚맺볊쫕횧뗄쓜솦좡뻶폚퓚믹뷰훐뗄럝뛮듳킡,뛸헢훖럝뛮평룷맺뺭볃퓚좫쟲뺭볃훐뗄뗘캻쯹뻶뚨ꆣ쏀맺튻횱쫇믹뷰뗄ퟮ듳럝뛮돖폐헟ꆣ뗚뛾,맺볊믵뇒믹뷰ퟩ횯돉캪늼샗뛙즭쇖쳥쾵뗄맦퓲볠뚽헟폫캬뮤헟ꆣ돽쇋볠뚽돉풱맺ퟱ쫘룷쿮쳵뿮뗄쟩뿶횮췢,쯼뮹볦폐듨짌뗄횰쓜(쎿쓪뷸탐튻듎뚨웚뗄듨짌)뫍죚춨뷰뗄횰쓜(뛔쓦닮맺쳡릩듻뿮)ꆣ퓚쒳훖돌뛈짏,듨짌폫죚춨뷰횰쓜돉캪뚽듙돉풱맺ퟱ쫘맦퓲ퟮ훷튪뗄쫖뛎ꆣ죧맻튻룶돉풱늻ퟱ쫘맦퓲믡쫜떽쏀맺뫍웤쯻돉풱맺뗄톹솦,ퟮ뮵뗄뷡맻뻍쫇췋돶룃쳥쾵ꆣ쓇튲뻍틢캶ퟅ룃돉풱맺붫즥쪧만뚨믣싊훆뫍죚춨뷰쯹듸살뗄쫕틦ꆣ퓚늼샗뛙즭쇖쳥쾵뗄샺쪷짏,듳맺듓살쎻폐돶쿖맽췋돶뗄쟩뿶,떫쯼ퟷ캪튻훖췾짥믺훆뛔캬뮤맦퓲뮹쫇랢믓쇋펦폐뗄ퟷ폃ꆣ뗚죽,늼샗뛙즭쇖쳥쾵뗄맦퓲쪵쪩뮹탨튪짙쫽듳맺뗄킭짌믺훆ꆣ늼샗뛙즭쇖쳥쾵뺡맜폐튻룶뛀솢뗄볠뚽믺릹,떫쯼뛔돉풱맺늢쎻폐잿훆탔풼쫸믺훆,폈웤쫇뛔쏀맺룼쫇죧듋ꆣ1960쓪10퓂놬랢쇋뗚튻듎쏀풪캣믺,믆뷰볛룱놩헇,풶풶뎬맽쇋쎿낻쮾35쏀풪뗄뚨볛ꆣ쏀맺늻뗃늻쟳훺폚뫍얷훞맺볒뗄훐퇫틸탐듯돉ꆶ컈뚨믆뷰볛룱킭뚨ꆷ,틔내맙뚨볛룱싲뷸믆뷰ꆣ1961쓪3퓂뗂맺십뿋폫뫉삼뛜릫뾪퓶횵ꆣ캪듋,닎볓맺볊쟥쯣틸탐샭쫂믡뗄8맺훐퇫틸탐듯돉냍죻뛻킭뚨(BaselAgreement):룷맺훐퇫틸탐퓚췢믣쫐뎡짏뫏ퟷ,틔캬돖뇋듋뗄믣싊컈뚨ꆣ쯦뫳붨솢뗄ꆰ믆뷰ퟜ뿢ꆱ(GoldPool)ꆢ잩쫰뗄ꆶ뷨뿮ퟜ낲업ꆷ(GeneralA2greementtoBorrow)ꆢꆶ믵뇒뮥뮻킭뚨ꆷ(SwapAgreement,ReciprocalAgreement)틔벰뗚뛾듎쏀풪캣믺횮뫳붨솢뗄ꆰ믆뷰쮫볛훆ꆱ튲뚼쫇쫔춼폃듳맺킭짌믺훆살캬뮤늼샗뛙즭쇖쳥쾵뗄맦퓲ꆣ킭짌탍맦퓲뗄쪵쪩폐ퟅ쏷좷뗄돍랣믺훆믲돍랣췾짥믺훆,웤쪵쪩뗄뷡맻ퟮ훕좡뻶폚킭틩룷랽뗄쪵솦ꆣ틲듋,퓚쯼쏇뗄쪵쪩맽돌훐,헹뛋뗄뷢뻶랴뛸늢늻뇭쿖캪튻랽뛔쇭튻랽쪵볊뗄돍랣ꆣGATT폫늼샗뛙즭쇖쳥쾵뗄랢햹샺돌틑뺭횤쏷쇋헢튻뗣ꆣ퓚킡맺폫듳맺뗄헹뛋훐,돍랣췾짥믺훆ퟣ틔ퟨ횹킡맺쯟훮폚쪵볊뛔뾹ꆣ퓚듳맺횮볤뗄헹뛋훐,쏷좷뗄췾짥믺훆튲듙쪹쯼쏇톰쟳쮽쿂뷢뻶헹뛋,짵훁캪듋쏅잩쫰킭틩,틔뇜쏢솽냜뻣짋뗄뷡뻖ꆣ뇈죧퓚뺺헹헾닟쇬폲,1991쓪쏀맺폫얷쏋뻍랴슢뛏램뗄쿠뮥퓋폃잩쫰쇋킭틩,룃킭틩뗄믹뒡뻍놻돆횮캪ꆰ붨짨탔샱죃ꆱ풭퓲(ꆰpositivecomityꆱprinciple),벴죧맻A맺쒳튻웳튵뗄랴뺺헹탐캪캥랴쇋B맺뗄랴슢뛏램,늢쯰몦쇋B맺뗄샻틦,쓇쎴B맺뗄맜샭떱뻖뿉틔튪쟳A맺닉좡듫쪩훆횹룃웳튵뗄랴뺺헹탐캪ꆣ쏀얷횮볤퓚뺺헹헾닟쇬폲뗄킭뗷ퟶ램듳듳복짙쇋쮫랽헹뛋ퟮ훕쟳훺폚쪵볊돍랣뗄쟩탎ꆣ늨틴폫싳뗀릫쮾뗄뫏늢,퓚랴슢뛏램컊쳢짏뻍뗃떽쇋얷쏋뗄쇂뷢,틲캪얷쏋뗄뿕훐뿍뎵릫쮾퓚늹쳹컊쳢짏튻횱쫜떽쏀맺뗄잴퓰ꆣ떱좻헢훖쟩뿶튲폐샽췢,뷼살캢죭틑헫뛔2004쓪얷쏋캯풱믡ퟶ돶뗄훘듳랴슢뛏닃뻶쳡돶짏쯟,캢죭룟맜캪듋믡볻냗리뫍쮾램늿맙풱,쟫쟳쯻쏇폨틔횧돖ꆣ춬쪱,캢죭뮹쿲벸볒쏀맺웳튵랢돶놸췼슼,쟫쟳쯼쏇쮵럾쏀맺헾뢮,횧돖캢죭(냍뿋,2005)ꆣ쯄잿훆풼쫸탍맦퓲뗄쪵쪩믺훆잿훆풼쫸탍맦퓲뗄믹놾쳘헷쫇퓚잩풼랽횮췢듦퓚튻룶뛀솢뗄훙닃믺릹살뢺퓰맦퓲뗄쪵쪩ꆣ헢샠쯆쫀뷧뺭볃32007쓪뗚12웚ꆤꆡ8ꆤ' 1994-2014 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
샮쿲퇴ꆡꆡ폚듦퓚튻룶맺볊램춥,떫쯼뫍쏱ퟥ맺볒쓚늿뗄램춥뮹늻뿉춬죕뛸폯ꆣ벴쪹퓚얷쏋헢퇹퇏쏜뗄쟸폲튻쳥뮯ퟩ횯쓚,얷훞램풺뗄맜쾽랶캧폫닃뻶믺훆튲늻춬폚쏱ퟥ맺볒쓚늿뗄램풺ꆣ틲듋,듳맺죔좻쫇맺볊뺭볃맦퓲쪵쪩뗄쫜틦헟ꆣ틀헕컒쏇뛔잿훆탍맦퓲뗄뷧뚨,쯼뗄쪵쪩믺훆뿉듳훂뮮럖캪솽샠:튻쫇퓚뛠뇟맺볊ퟩ횯쓚늿뗄맦퓲쪵쪩믺훆,뛾쫇퓚쟸폲뺭볃튻쳥뮯ퟩ횯쓚늿뗄맦퓲쪵쪩믺훆ꆣ(튻)뛠뇟쳥훆쓚잿훆탍맦퓲뗄쪵쪩믺훆퓚뛠뇟쳥훆쓚뗄잿훆탍맦퓲ퟮ뻟듺뇭탔뗄맺볊ퟩ횯튪쫴WTOꆣ폫웤잰짭GATT쿠뇈,WTO뗄춻돶쳘헷뻍쫇틽죫쇋헹뛋뷢뻶믺훆(DSB)ꆣ내헕DSB,평WTO죎뫎튻룶킭틩뛸틽웰뗄헹뛋뻹평ꆰ헹뛋뷢뻶믺릹ꆱ뒦샭,룃믺릹폐좨돉솢볒킡ퟩ,뷓쫜볒킡ퟩ뗄놨룦,늢볬닩붨틩뗄횴탐쟩뿶,죧폐뇘튪뮹뿉틔쫚좨쪵쪩놨뢴듫쪩ꆣ뫍GATT쿠뇈,WTO쿻돽쇋헹뛋뗄튻랽ퟨ낭돉솢볒킡ퟩ믲ퟨ낭춨맽볒킡ퟩ놨룦뗄뿉쓜탔;퓶볓쇋훙닃뗄믺믡;뛔볒킡ퟩ릤ퟷ돌탲뗄늻춬뷗뛎맦뚨쇋쪱볤쿞훆;맦뚨쇋볒킡ퟩ쪹폃뗄뇪ힼ쫵폯틔벰볠뚽볒킡ퟩ놨룦횴탐쟩뿶뗈ꆣ룹뻝WTO뗄맦뚨,횻폐돉풱랽좫쳥랴뛔닅뿉틔ퟨ낭춨맽볒킡ퟩ놨룦,뛸헢쫇늻첫뿉쓜랢짺뗄쫂쟩ꆣ늻싺틢닃뻶뗄튻랽뿉틔떽짏쯟믺릹뷸탐짪뇧ꆣ죧맻짏쯟믺릹춬틢볒킡ퟩ뗄놨룦,쯼뻍뇘탫놨룦쯹ퟶ뗄붨틩믲횧뢶엢뎥ꆣ죧맻룃돉풱늻싄탐볒킡ퟩ놨룦믲쎻폐횧뢶ퟣ릻뗄엢뎥,쓇쎴펮뗃헹뛋뗄돉풱뺭ꆰ헹뛋뷢뻶믺릹ꆱ쫚좨뿉닉좡놨뢴듫쪩(믴뿋싼ꆢ뾼쮹첩믹,1999쓪,훐틫놾)ꆣWTO맦퓲풼쫸뗄잿훆탔뮹뇭쿖캪춸쏷뛈뫍볠뚽쳵뿮짏ꆣ퓚GATT쪱듺,뷏킡뗄쎳틗맺뺭뎣랢쿖훷튪돉풱랽퓚뛠뇟쎳틗첸에믲퓚뷢뻶쮫뇟쎳틗헹뛋쪱듯돉뗄킭틩좱랦춸쏷뛈ꆣ헢킩쮫뇟킭틩쯤좻늢늻횱뷓짦벰쯼쏇뗄쫂쟩,떫폐뿉쓜믡뛔웤닺짺잱퓚뗄쯰몦ꆣ룼폐헹틩뗄쫇,쎳틗듳맺듯돉뗄킭틩뺭뎣믡퓚뛠뇟쎳틗첸에뗄첸에ퟩ믲샭쫂믡훐돉캪볈뚨쫂쪵ꆣ뷸죫WTO쪱듺,헫뛔룷돉풱랽헾닟뗄춸쏷뛈,WTO튪쟳쯹폐쎳틗램맦뫍맦뚨뚼펦릫뾪돶냦,늢쟒튪붨솢톯뗣,뢺퓰믘듰폐맘컀짺뫍닺욷뇪ힼ뗄컊쳢,쳡릩폐맘컄볾ꆣ폫듋춬쪱,WTO뮹폐좨뚨웚뗘볬닩룷돉풱뗄쎳틗헾닟뫍쳥훆ꆣ헹뛋뷢뻶믺훆웹뷱캪횹뗄퓋탐뷡맻쿔쪾:(1)랢듯맺볒(폈웤쫇쏀맺폫얷쏋)ꆢ탂탋쫐뎡맺볒쫇헹뛋뷢뻶믺훆뗄훷튪퓋폃헟(볻뇭1);(2)ퟷ캪풭룦,2000쓪횮잰랢듯맺볒쫇훷쳥,2000쓪횮뫳탂탋쫐뎡맺볒돉캪훷쳥;(3)틔맦헂맜샭(죧횪쪶닺좨놣뮤킭뚨ꆢ폫쎳틗쿠맘뗄춶듫쪩킭뚨)캪뛔쿳뗄쎳틗헹뛋복짙,뛸틔쎳틗럀컀(죧랴쟣쿺ꆢ랴늹쳹ꆢ놣헏쳵뿮)캪뛔쿳뗄쎳틗헹뛋퓶볓;(4)풭룦뗄쪤쯟싊듯떽88%,풶룟폚놻룦(Holmesetal.,2003)ꆣ뛔폚WTO헹뛋뷢뻶믺훆퓋탐뷡맻뗄릫헽탔에뛏,뺭볃톧볒뮹듦퓚뫜듳뗄헹틩ꆣ떫폫ퟔ풸ꆢ킭짌탍맦퓲쿠뇈,틔WTO헹뛋뷢뻶믺훆캪뫋탄뗄잿훆탍맦퓲뗄쪵쪩맽돌뫍쪵쪩뷡맻룼뻟폐릫헽탔ꆣ퓚헢샯,쏦뛔맦퓲,쯹폐맺볒샭싛짏뚼쫇욽뗈뗄ꆣ좻뛸,퓚헢훖뇭쏦욽뗈뗄놳뫳,듳맺폫킡맺횮볤뗄헦헽늻욽뗈죔좻듦퓚ꆣ헢춻돶뇭쿖퓚틔쿂벸룶랽쏦:뗚튻,랢햹훐맺볒(폈웤쫇랢햹훐맺볒킡맺)좱랦닎폫헹뛋뷢뻶믺훆뗄램싉쯟쯏쓜솦ꆣ맺볊짌튵쯟쯏늻뷶탨튪낺맳뗄럑폃,뛸쟒탨튪쿠맘뗄룟벶튵죋풱ꆣ뗚뛾,뛠쫽쎳틗헹뛋늢늻쟳훺폚헹뛋뷢뻶믺훆,믲헟늻믡뷸죫헹뛋뷢뻶믺훆뗄닃뻶뷗뛎,뛸쫇뾿쮫랽ꆰ쮽쿂ꆱ킭짌뷢뻶ꆣ헢뻍캪듳맺췾킲킡맺뒴퓬쇋쳵볾ꆣ뺡맜듳맺늻쓜뻍쎳틗헹뛋놾짭뷸탐췾킲,떫쯼쏇뿉틔춨맽웤쯻쇬폲뗄놨뢴뷸탐췾킲ꆣ춳볆쫽뻝쿔쪾,헹뛋뷢뻶믺훆횮췢뗄췗킭쫇벫캪뎣볻뗄(볻뇭2ꆢ3)ꆣ뗚죽,벴쪹퓚닃뻶뷗뛎믱뗃쇋쪤쯟,킡맺춨뎣좱랦믱뗃늹뎥뗄쓜솦,틲캪싄탐닃뻶뗄랽쪽ퟮ훕횻쫇쪤쯟랽폐좨뛔냜쯟랽볓틔놨뢴ꆣ헢튲쫇캪쪲쎴퓚뛠맾믘뫏훐,랢햹훐맺볒튪쟳웴뚯탞룄쿖탐헹뛋뷢뻶믺훆뗄풭틲쯹퓚ꆣ캪쇋쏖늹킡맺좱랦믱좡쪤쯟돉맻뗄쓜솦,쒫컷룧헾뢮퓸붨틩퓚WTO쓚늿틽죫쪤쯟좨(믲놨뢴좨)엄싴믺훆ꆣ헢뻍쿱뷰죚쫐뎡짏엄싴햮좨튻퇹,떫웤뿉탐탔뮹듦퓚뫜듳헹틩(Bagwellandstaiger,2004;Bown,2005)ꆣ쫀뷧뺭볃32007쓪뗚12웚ꆤꆡ9ꆤ' 1994-2014 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
ꆡꆡ맺볊뺭볃맦퓲뗄쪵쪩믺훆ꆡꆡ뇭1퓋폃WTO헹뛋뷢뻶믺훆맺볒뗄럖늼(1995ꆫ2002)낸볾쫽솿풭ꆡ룦ꆡꆡꆡ놻ꆡ룦ꆡ쏀맺얷쏋볓쓃듳죕놾DCNICTECTLDCퟜ볆쏀맺-284641821173얷쏋25-3601401159볓쓃듳106-1121122죕놾601-010210DC5210113316NIC1912300421555TEC000001517TLDC1317002711454ퟜ볆786512138481458296ꆡꆡ쮵쏷:DC=웤쯻랢듯맺볒,NIC=탂탋릤튵뮯맺볒,TEC=맬뺭볃맺볒,TLDC=뒫춳뗄늻랢듯맺볒ꆣ뇭2ꆢ3춬ꆣ쇏살풴:Holmes뗈(2003)ꆣ뇭2ꆢ3춬ꆣ(뛾)쟸폲쎳틗ퟩ횯ꆡꆡ뇭2내헕풭룦뮮럖뗄낸볾햼쯹폐웴뚯쯟쯏낸볾뗄냙럖뇈%,볾쓚늿잿훆탍맦퓲뗄쪵쪩쏀맺얷쏋볓쓃듳죕놾DCNICTECTLDCퟜ낸볾쫽믺훆ퟜ볆252073519218296쟸폲쎳틗ퟩ횯뗄샠볒킡ퟩ222296616116116탍ꆢ랢햹쮮욽폫뒴붨쪱볤쮫랽뷓쫜닃뻶43148214828491쓪뫳탼뛸캴뻶뗄닮틬뻶뚨쇋쟸폲쓚맦23206112232493퓲뗄풼쫸돌뛈ꆣ샽죧,퓧ꆡꆡ뇭웚뗄쟸폲쎳틗킭뚨춨뎣3내헕놻룦뮮럖뗄낸볾햼쯹폐웴뚯쯟쯏낸볾뗄냙럖뇈%,볾쏀맺얷쏋볓쓃듳죕놾DCNICTECTLDCퟜ낸볾쫽늢늻췆탐잿훆탍맦퓲,뛸ퟜ볆맽좥15쓪살돶쿖뗄쟸폲272045317321278볒킡ퟩ401186217017108쎳틗킭뚨퓲폐룼뛠뗄잿쮫랽뷓쫜닃뻶9270971692344훆탍맦퓲ꆣ폫쓏-쓏탍1쓪뫳탼뛸캴뻶19262302252386쟸폲쎳틗킭뚨쿠뇈,쓏-놱탍쟸폲쎳틗킭뚨ꆢ놱-놱탍쟸폲쎳틗킭뚨룼쟣쿲폚췆탐잿훆탍맦퓲ꆣ뒫춳쟸폲쎳틗샭싛죏캪,횻폐퓚쟸폲쎳틗킭뚨랢햹떽룟벶뷗뛎닅믡폐잿훆탍맦퓲ꆣ떫뷼쓪살벴뇣쫇ퟔ평쎳틗쟸(FTA)튲뚼냼삨쟸폲쓚릲춬뗄뮷뺳뇪ힼꆢ뺺헹헾닟틔벰헹뛋뷢뻶믺훆,죧놱쏀ퟔ평쎳틗쟸(WorldBank,2005)ꆣ뫍뛠뇟쎳틗쳥쾵쿠뇈,벴쪹쫇ퟮ뗍벶뗄쟸폲쎳틗킭뚨튲폐룼맣랺뫍룼퇏룱뗄맺볊뺭볃맦퓲,떫늢럇쯹폐뗄쟸폲쎳틗킭뚨뚼폐잿훆탍맦퓲(벴튲폐헹뛋뷢뻶믺훆)ꆣ뻍쟸폲쓚맦퓲뗄풼쫸돌뛈뛸퇔,퓚쿖폐뗄쟸폲쎳틗ퟩ횯훐,얷쏋쫇ퟮ캪췪짆뗄ꆣ쒿잰,얷쏋쓚늿늻뷶펵폐맣랺뗄램맦훆뛈,뛸쟒폐춳튻뗄닆헾헾닟ꆢ뷰죚헾닟ꆢ짧믡헾닟,춳튻뗄훐퇫틸탐(횻쿞폚얷풪쟸),춳튻뗄쮾램믺릹(틩믡ꆢ램풺),늢쟒뮹퓚퓍쓰춳튻뗄췢붻헾닟ꆢ춳튻뗄뻼뛓,뗈뗈ꆣퟜ횮,쯼헽퓚쿲튻룶탂탍뗄춳튻맺볒헾뢮쒿뇪싵뷸ꆣퟷ캪튻룶쟸폲쎳틗ퟩ횯,얷쏋뗄맦퓲훷튪쳥쿖퓚웤솢램랽쏦(Alesinaetal.,2001)ꆣ헢킩램맦듳훂뿉럖캪9룶쇬폲ꆣ(1)맺볊쎳틗ꆣ헢쫇얷쏋ퟮ훘튪뗄쇬폲,쯼쏇좷뚨쇋얷쏋춳튻뗄뛔췢쎳틗헾닟ꆣ춳튻뗄뛔췢쎳틗헾닟볈냼삨얷쏋폫뗚죽맺횮볤뗄맺볊킭뚨,튲냼삨헫뛔럇돉풱맺뗄쎳틗폫맘쮰헾닟ꆣ(2)릲춬쫐뎡ꆣ헢쫇춳튻뛔췢쎳틗헾닟뗄ퟔ좻퇓짬,뻟쳥냼삨듙뷸쟸폲쓚짌욷폫짺닺튪쯘ퟔ평쇷뚯뗄룷쿮쳵뿮ꆣ(3)믵뇒폫닆헾ꆣ헢룶쇬폲몭룇:믵뇒폫믣싊헾닟ꆢ맺볊쫕횧쳥훆ꆢ뷰죚쫐뎡맜훆ꆢ틸탐볠맜ꆢ닆헾폫쫀뷧뺭볃32007쓪뗚12웚ꆤꆡ10ꆤ' 1994-2014 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
샮쿲퇴ꆡꆡ쮰쫕헾닟뗈ꆣ(4)뷌폽ꆢ퇐뺿폫컄뮯ꆣ헢늿럖훷튪짦벰쟠쓪죋뿚ꆢ퇐뺿ꆢ벼쫵ꆢ놣쇴컄뮯틅닺뗈랽쏦뗄헾닟ꆣ(5)뮷뺳놣뮤ꆣ(6)짌튵맘쾵(닺튵늿쏅닣듎짏뗄)ꆣ훷튪짦벰펰쿬룷짺닺늿쏅탐캪뫍벨킧뗄헾닟ꆣ웤훐,릲춬얩튵헾닟쫇뛔얷쏋펰쿬ퟮ듳뫍ퟮ퓧뗄닺튵헾닟ꆣ(7)짌튵맘쾵(럇닺튵늿쏅닣듎짏뗄)ꆣ쯼냼삨웳튵램ꆢ쫐뎡뺺헹뫍늹쳹램맦ꆣ(8)맺볊맘쾵ꆣ훷튪짦벰췢붻헾닟ꆢ럀컱헾닟벰뛔췢풮훺헾닟ꆣ(9)릫쏱폫짧믡놣뮤ꆣ헢룶쇬폲짦벰쓚늿쫂컱ꆢ쮾램돌탲ꆢ쿻럑헟놣뮤ꆢ릫쏱좨샻ꆢ짧믡뢣샻ꆢ샍맘쾵뗈맣랺뗄컊쳢ꆣ떱좻,퓚웤랢햹뗄늻춬뷗뛎,얷쏋쯹좷솢뗄맦퓲훘뗣폐뫜듳뗄닮틬ꆣ폫얷쏋쿠뇈,놱쏀ퟔ평쎳틗쟸(NAFTA)킭뚨뗄랢햹쮮욽폫쒿뇪뚼뇈뷏뗍ꆣ벴뇣죧듋,쯼뗄킭뚨쳵컄죔좻냼삨럇뎣맣뗄쇬폲ꆣ퓚짌욷쎳틗쇬폲,늻뷶튪쟳릤튵욷뗄쎳틗ퟔ평뮯,뛸쟒냼삨얩닺욷쎳틗뗄ퟔ평뮯;퓚춶폫럾컱쎳틗쇬폲,볈냼삨춶ꆢ뿧뺳럾컱ꆢ뗧탅ꆢ뷰죚럾컱뗄ퟔ평뮯,뮹냼삨뺺헹헾닟ꆢ랴슢뛏램맦뗈컊쳢ꆣ듋췢,킭틩뮹훆뚨쇋춳튻뗄뇪ힼ쳥쾵ꆢ헾뢮닉릺쳥쾵ꆢ횪쪶닺좨놣뮤쳥쾵ꆢ뮷뺳놣뮤뇪ힼꆢ샍릤뇪ힼꆢ쎳틗헹뛋믺훆,뗈뗈ꆣ탎쪽짏,NAFTA뗄뛠쫽쳵뿮폫WTO뗄쳵뿮쿠쯆,떫쯼뗄쿠맘쳵뿮뛔돉풱맺뗄풼쫸돌뛈튪룟뗃뛠ꆣ샽죧,퓚NAFTA뗄뗚11헂훐맦뚨,퓊탭릫쮾샻폃ꆰ놣뮤춶헟좨샻ꆱ뿘쯟헾뢮ꆣ헢킩캪놣뮤뿧맺릫쮾뇜쏢쎻쫕ꆢ웧쫓ꆢ늻릫욽듽폶뗈뛸짦벰뗄맦퓲,돉캪뿧맺릫쮾뿘룦룷벶헾뢮뗄램싉믹뒡ꆣ쯦ퟅ쏀훞ퟔ평쎳틗쟸붨짨뗄뷸햹,NAFTA뗄맦퓲튲놻틽죫쏀훞ퟔ평쎳틗쟸킭틩횮훐,늢쟒퓚쏀훞맺볒쫗쓔뗄ꆰ뿽놱뿋믡틩ꆱ짏,볓쓃듳뮹붨틩볓죫ꆰ쏱훷쳵뿮ꆱꆣ뺡맜쟸폲쎳틗ퟩ횯쓚늿뗄맦퓲풼쫸돌뛈튪풶룟폚웤쯻믺훆쿂뗄맦퓲풼쫸돌뛈,떫웤닮틬횮듳뻶뚨쇋뫜쓑헒돶튻룶춳튻뗄쪵쪩믺훆쒣쪽ꆣ얷쏋뗄쪵쪩믺훆뷓뷼폚튻룶훷좨맺볒쓚늿맦퓲,뛸NAFTA룼뷓뷼폚WTO뗄쪵쪩믺훆,훁폚탭뛠쓏-쓏탍쟸폲쎳틗ퟩ횯뗄맦퓲쪵쪩믺훆퓲룼캪쯉즢,짵훁쟸폲쓚돉풱틲샻틦뮮럖쓑틔뗷뫍,늢ퟮ훕뷢쳥,죧평컚룉듯ꆢ첹즣쓡퇇뫍뿏쓡퇇퓚20쫀볍60쓪듺돉솢뗄뚫럇릲춬쫐뎡(EACM)뻍퓚1977쓪놻웈뷢즢ꆣ헢샯뷶틔얷쏋캪샽뛔쟸폲쓚맦퓲뗄쪵쪩믺훆쳘헷ퟶ튻볲떥럖컶ꆣ뗚튻,짺닺튪쯘뗄ퟔ평쇷뚯캪쪵쪩춳튻뗄맺볊뺭볃맦퓲(믲쟸폲뺭볃맦퓲)뒴퓬쇋뚯솦뫍쳵볾ꆣ뫍웤쯻맺볊뺭볃믺훆쿠뇈,쟸폲쎳틗ퟩ횯뗄ퟔ평뮯돌뛈쫇ퟮ룟뗄,폈웤쫇놾뫍죋풱뗄ퟔ평쇷뚯듳듳붵뗍쇋돉풱맺놣뮤놾맺닺튵ꆢ쫐뎡뗄뚯솦ꆣ춬쪱튲웈쟐튪쟳쪵쪩쟸폲쓚뗄춳튻뺭볃헾닟뫍헾닟훆뚨믺훆ꆣ뗚뛾,헾훎튻쳥뮯뷸돌뗄볓뿬뿍맛짏듙뷸쇋맺볊뺭볃맦퓲뗄쪵쪩ꆣ틔얷쏋캪샽,컞싛쫇ꆶ십쮹쳘샯뫕쳘쳵풼ꆷ(1991쓪)ꆢꆶ컈뚨퓶뎤릫풼ꆷ(1997쓪)뮹쫇ꆶ낢쒷쮹쳘떤쳵풼ꆷ(1998쓪)뚼샫늻뾪얷쏋뗄헾훎튻쳥뮯뷸돌ꆣ2000쓪쓡쮹믡틩춨맽뗄ꆶ믹놾좨샻쿜헂ꆷ벰웤룄룯얷쏋믺릹뫍퓋탐믺훆뗄킭틩캪탂쪱웚(얷쏋뚫삩)쟸폲쓚맺볊뺭볃맦퓲뗄룼폐킧쪵쪩쳡릩쇋훆뛈놣헏ꆣ뗚죽,듳맺죔좻쫇쟸폲쓚맺볊뺭볃맦퓲뗄쫜틦헟ꆣ퓚얷쏋쓚늿뗄뻶닟믺릹훐,듳맺뻟폐룼듳뗄랢퇔좨ꆣ쓡쮹믡틩훘탂럖엤쇋룷돉풱맺퓚늿뎤샭쫂믡뗄뇭뻶욱쫽,훂쪹뗂ꆢ램ꆢ펢횻튪솪쫖뻍쓜ퟨ횹죎뫎튻쿮뻶닟ꆣ헢훖헾훎짏뗄늻욽뗈뇘좻믡펰쿬떽뺭볃쇬폲ꆣ얷풪쟸뗄ꆶ컈뚨퓶뎤릫풼ꆷ폫뗂맺닆헾돠ퟖ뎬뇪컊쳢뻍쫇튻룶뗤탍뗄샽ퟓꆣ캪캬뮤얷풪쟸닆헾볍싉,룃릫풼튪쟳,돉풱맺뗄닆헾돠ퟖ늻뗃뎬맽웤GDP뗄3%,럱퓲붫튪쫜떽얷훞캯풱믡뗄닆헾뒦랣ꆣ퓚뎬뇪뗄뗚죽쓪얷훞캯풱믡붫튪쟳웤쓃돶쿠떱폚맺쓚짺닺ퟜ횵%ꆫ%뗄뷰컞쾢듦떽맦뚨뗄헋뮧(뛔뗂맺뛸퇔,헢뇊듦뿮뗄쫽솿듳훂퓚4틚얷풪);죧맻뗚쯄쓪볌탸뎬뇪,헢뇊듦뿮붫믡놻쎻쫕ꆣ듋췢,뮹맦뚨헾뢮햮컱ퟜ뛮늻뗃뎬맽GDP뗄60%(떫쎻폐쿠펦뗄뒦랣듫쪩)ꆣ2002쓪뗂맺뗄닆헾돠ퟖ/GDP뇈싊쫗듎뎬맽쇋3%,뫳솬탸뎬뇪,떫얷훞캯풱믡뛔듋횻쓜늻쇋쇋횮ꆣ춬쪱,얷풪쟸뗄쇭튻룶듳맺ꆪꆪꆪ램맺캥랴쇋듋쿮맦퓲뫳튲쎻폐쫜떽쿠펦뗄돍랣ꆣ뗚쯄,쟸폲쓚퇏룱쪵쪩춳튻뗄맺볊뺭볃맦퓲믡뛔췢늿쫀뷧듸살쏷쿔뗄뢺쏦펰쿬ꆣ헢훖업쯻탔킧펦쫇쟸폲뺭볃튻쳥뮯뗄뇘좻뷡맻ꆣ폈웤쫇쿱얷쏋헢퇹뗄뺭볃쳥,쯼췪좫폐쓜솦훆뚨폐뇰폚웤쯻뺭볃쳥뗄맦퓲쫀뷧뺭볃32007쓪뗚12웚ꆤꆡ11ꆤ' 1994-2014 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
ꆡꆡ맺볊뺭볃맦퓲뗄쪵쪩믺훆뇪ힼꆣ헢뛔맣듳랢햹훐맺볒웳튵릹돉쇋탂탍뗄쎳틗뇚생ꆣ뛔뇪ힼ뗄볬퇩퇐뺿쿔쪾,퓚쟸폲쓚늿쪵쪩퇏룱뗄뇪ힼ믡듙뷸웤돉풱맺횮볤뗄쎳틗,떫늢늻뇘좻듙뷸폫쟸폲췢맺볒횮볤뗄쎳틗ꆣ웤훐,쟸폲췢뗄랢듯맺볒믡틲듋뛸쫜틦,뛸쟸폲췢뗄랢햹훐맺볒쫜쯰ꆣ풭틲쫇랢햹훐맺볒뗄웳튵튻랽쏦컞램쫊펦룼캪퇏룱뗄쟸폲뇪ힼ,쇭튻랽쏦쯼쏇쓑틔듓튻쳥뮯쫐뎡훐믱뗃맦쒣쫕틦(ChenandMattoo,2004)ꆣ뷼쓪살,듳맺풽살풽뛠뗘닎폫쟸폲뺭볃뫏ퟷ,평듋튲붫믡틽랢맺볊뺭볃맦퓲뗄쟸폲뮯쟷쫆ꆣ헢폫맺볊뺭볃맦퓲뗄춳튻뮯쟷쫆컞틉쫇쎬뛜뗄ꆣ맘폚헢튻뗣뮹탨튪ퟶ룼짮죫뗄퇐뺿ꆣ컥뷡싛맺볊뺭볃맦퓲뗄쪵쪩믺훆뗄릫헽탔좡뻶폚뛠훘틲쯘ꆣ웤튻,맦퓲놾짭뗄럇훐탔쳘헷뻶뚨쇋춬튻맦퓲뛔늻춬맺볒뗄펰쿬쫇폐닮틬뗄(샮쿲퇴,2006)ꆣ웤뛾,맺볊뺭볃맦퓲뗄훆뚨믺훆뛔웤쪵쪩믺훆폐ퟅ횱뷓뗄펰쿬ꆣ뫍맺볊뛠뇟믺릹훆뚨뗄맦퓲쿠뇈,떥룶맺볒훆뚨뗄맺볊뺭볃맦퓲믲튻룶쟸폲벯췅훆뚨뗄맺볊뺭볃맦퓲룼쟷쿲폚캬뮤ퟔ짭뗄샻틦ꆣ웤죽,맺볊뺭볃맦퓲뗄풼쫸돌뛈닮틬펰쿬ퟅ맦퓲쪵쪩뗄맽돌폫뷡맻ꆣ맦퓲뗄풼쫸돌뛈풽룟,듳맺퓚쪵쪩맽돌훐랢믓ꆰퟔ훷탔ꆱ뗄뿕볤튲뻍풽킡ꆣ뫺뷵쳎(2007)횸돶:ꆰ냔좨훷틥럅잿좨헾훎틀좻듦퓚,ꆭꆭ,쫀뷧뫍욽폫랢햹쏦쇙훮뛠쓑쳢폫쳴햽ꆣꆱ뻍맺볊뺭볃맦퓲뗄쪵쪩믺훆살뾴,컞싛쫇쓄튻훖랽쪽,맦퓲쪵쪩뷡맻뗄쳬욽뚼쿲듳맺쟣킱ꆣ헢뻍쫇맺볊뺭볃쳥훆뗄늻뫏샭탔쯹퓚ꆣ닎뾼컄쿗:뿆틀샕ꆤ놴룱췾뛻,싞늮쳘ꆤWꆤ쮹첩룱뛻(2005):ꆶ쫀뷧쎳틗쳥쾵뗄뺭볃톧ꆷ(훐틫놾),훐맺죋쏱듳톧돶냦짧ꆣ늮쓉뗂ꆤ믴뿋싼,싵뿋뛻ꆤ뾼쮹첩믹(1999):ꆶ쫀뷧쎳틗쳥훆뗄헾훎뺭볃톧ꆷ(훐틫놾),램싉돶냦짧ꆣ췐냝뛲쮹ꆤ냍뿋(2005):ꆶ캢죭폎쮵쏀맺룉풤얷쏋랴슢뛏닃뻶ꆷ,ꆶ뷰죚쪱놨ꆷ(펢),2005쓪11퓂14죕ꆣ볲ꆤ뢻샕(2005):ꆶ삧믳ꆤ퇓컳ꆤ돥믷ꆷ,ꆶ뷰죚쪱놨ꆷ(펢),2005쓪1퓂19죕ꆣ냍쓡ꆤ쟇웕즭(2005):ꆶ맺볊닆컱놨뇭ힼ퓲룄뇤막욱웚좨맦뚨ꆷ,ꆶ뷰죚쪱놨ꆷ(펢),2005쓪8퓂11죕ꆣ낲뗂슳ꆤ엁뿋(2005):ꆶ쏀맺횤붻믡쓢복쟡췢맺짏쫐릫쮾짪놨뢺떣ꆷ,ꆶ뷰죚쪱놨ꆷ(펢),2005쓪12퓂5죕ꆣ샮쿲퇴(2006):ꆶ맺볊뺭볃맦퓲뗄탎돉믺훆ꆷ,ꆶ쫀뷧뺭볃폫헾훎ꆷ뗚9웚ꆣ샮쿲퇴(2002):ꆶ맺볊뺭볃맦퓲뗄랢햹쟷쫆ꆷ,퓘폠폀뚨ꆢ샮쿲퇴훷뇠ꆶ뺭볃좫쟲뮯폫쫀뷧뺭볃뗄랢햹쟷쫆ꆷ,짧믡뿆톧컄쿗돶냦짧ꆣ뫺뷵쳎(2007):ꆶ룟뻙훐맺쳘즫짧믡훷틥캰듳웬후ꆡ캪뛡좡좫쏦붨짨킡뾵짧믡탂쪤샻뛸럜뚷ꆷ,ꆶ훐맺릲닺떳뗚쪮웟듎좫맺듺뇭듳믡컄볾믣뇠ꆷ,죋쏱돶냦짧ꆣAlesina,A.;Angeloni,IgnazioandSchuknecht,Ludger.ꆰWhatDoestheEuropeanUnionDo?ꆱNBERWorkingPaperSeries,,,,RobertW.ꆰTheCaseforTradableRemediesinWTODisputeSettlement.ꆱWorldBankPolicyResearchWorkingPa2per,,,.ꆰTradeRemediesandWorldTradeOrganizationDisputeSettlement:WhyAresoFewChallenged?ꆱWorldBankPolicyResearchWorkingPaper,,.ꆰSarbanes-Oxley:APriceWorthPaying?ꆱ,P.;Rollo,JimandYoung,AlasdairR.ꆰEmergingTrendsinWTODisputeSettlement:BacktotheGATT?ꆱWorldBankPolicyRe2searchWorkingPaper,,,,:,,,S.ꆰStandardsandAgro-FoodExportsfromDevelopingCountries:RebalancingtheDebate.ꆱWorldBankPolicyRe2searchWorkingPaper,,,MaggieXiaoyangandMattoo,A.ꆰRegionalisminStandards:GoodorBadforTrade?ꆱWorldBankPolicyResearchWorkingPaper,,,.;Otsuki,,J.ꆰTheCostofCompliancewithProductStandardsforFirmsinDevelopingCountries:AnEconomet2ricStudy.ꆱWorldBankPolicyResearchWorkingPaper,,,.ꆰExplainingtheEmergenceoftheClassicalGoldStandard.ꆱNBERWorkingPaper,,.ꆰGlobalEconomicProspects:Trade,RegionalismandDevelopment.ꆱTheWorldBank,2005.(뷘룥:2007쓪9퓂퓰죎뇠벭:쯎횾룕)쫀뷧뺭볃32007쓪뗚12웚ꆤꆡ12ꆤ' 1994-2014 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
