짧믡쇷뚯ꆢ뗘캻쫐뎡폫뺭볃퓶뎤Ξ쳆쫀욽짧믡쇷뚯쟾뗀,믲쮵횧독짧믡쇷뚯뗄훆뛈낲업,쫇뺭볃퓶뎤뗄헻룶훆뛈믹뒡훐뗄튻룶맘볼캬뛈,틲캪쯼뗷뿘뗘캻쫐뎡뗄벤샸뷡릹ꆣ놾컄붫ꆰ짧믡늻쇷뚯ꆱ뗄룅쓮삩햹떽냼삨듓훖ퟥ쟥쾴떽탔뇰뫍쓪쇤웧쫓퓚쓚뗄쯹폐웧쫓쿖쿳,늢쟒닻쫍쇋쯼쫇퓵퇹ퟨ낭뺭볃퓶뎤뗄ꆣ컄헂뮹죏캪,샭뷢컯훊쫐뎡뫍뗘캻쫐뎡훐솽훖벤샸뷡릹횮볤뗄쿠뮥ퟷ폃벰웤뛔뺭볃뫍짧믡랢햹뗄펰쿬폐훺폚샭뷢죋샠짧믡뗄퇝뷸맽돌ꆣ맘볼듊ꆡ짧믡쇷뚯ꆡ뗘캻쫐뎡ꆡ뺭볃퓶뎤ꆡ웧쫓ꆡ훆뛈ퟷ헟쳆쫀욽,1967쓪짺,훐맺짧믡뿆톧풺퇇훞첫욽퇳퇐뺿쯹뢱퇐뺿풱(놱뺩ꆡ100007)ꆣ놾컄쿗룸쓾쿄믘ퟥퟔ훎쟸컷벪쿘췵쏱쿧훐탄킡톧뗄몢ퟓ쏇ꆣ쯻쏇뛔횪쪶뗄뿊췻쫇놾컄ퟮ돵뗄쇩룐풴좪횮튻ꆣ짧믡쇷뚯(socialmobility),벴룶쳥믲좺쳥퓚럖닣(벴뗈벶뫍늻욽뗈뗄)짧믡훐뗄퓋뚯ꋙ,튻횱쫇떱듺짧믡톧훐뗄튻룶훷튪퇐뺿쇬폲ꆣ좻뛸,퓚듳뛠쫽쪱뫲,짧믡톧볒쏇쯹맘탄뗄튪쎴쫇짧믡럖닣뗄퇝뇤,튪쎴쫇짧믡쇷뚯퓬돉뗄짧믡헾훎뫳맻,믲헟쫇뺭볃랢햹뛔짧믡쇷뚯싊뗄펰쿬ꆣ돽쇋짧믡럖닣훐뗄ꆰ릦쓜톧엉ꆱ횮췢,짧믡톧볒벸뫵쎻폐쳖싛맽짧믡쇷뚯믡펰쿬뺭볃퓶뎤뗄뿉쓜탔ꋚꆣ퓚놴뿋랢뇭쇋웤쏻ퟷꆶ웧쫓뺭볃톧ꆷꋛ횮뫳,폃뺭볃톧뗄랽램퇐뺿웧쫓벰웤쿠맘컊쳢뇤돉쇋Ξꆡퟷ헟룐킻훐맺짧믡뿆톧풺퇇훞첫욽퇳퇐뺿쯹쯹뎤헅퓌쇫뷌쫚뛔ퟷ헟뛠쓪뗄샭뷢ꆢ횧돖뫍뿭죝;룐킻RolandBenabouꆢYukonHuangꆢAndrewWalderꆢGungwuWang(췵커)ꆢ췵뫃솢ꆢ헅붨뻼ꆢ헅폮퇠ꆢ헔솦쳎뫍죽캻쓤쏻짳룥죋뗄엺움ꆢ쳖싛뫍붨틩;틔벰닜퇴ꆢ삶붨톧뫍췵폱훷퓚쫕벯쇏랽쏦뗄횧돖ꆣ쿞폚욪럹,ퟷ헟뛔풭컄뗄쪵횤늿럖ꆢ닎뾼컄쿗뫍힢뷢뚼ퟷ쇋듳솿즾뷚ꆣ컄훐뗄듭컳뫍늻ퟣ횮뒦쫇ퟷ헟뗄퓰죎ꆣꋙꆡ퓚헢샯컒쏇훷튪맘힢뗄쫇짧믡쇷뚯뗄ퟝ쿲(뒹횱)캬뛈ꆣꋚꆡ짧믡럖닣훐뗄릦쓜톧엉늢쎻폐쏷좷쳖싛짧믡럖닣믲짧믡쇷뚯뛔뺭볃퓶뎤뗄ퟷ폃ꆣ떫쫇,틲캪쯻쏇죏캪짧믡럖닣뻟폐ꆰ냑룶죋낲업퓚짧믡뷡릹훐늢볓틔벤샸ꆱ뗄짧믡릦쓜,틲듋낵쪾쯼뿉쓜믡펰쿬뺭볃퓶뎤,뿉볻,SomePrinciplesofStratification,AmericanSociologicalReview,,(),;,OnEconomicDevelopmentandSocialMobility,BritishJournalofSociology,,(),ꆪ51ꆣꋛꆡ,:UniversityofChicagoPress,1976.ꆤ85ꆤ' 1994-2014 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
훐맺짧믡뿆톧ꆡ2006쓪뗚3웚뺭볃톧훐튻룶훘튪쇬폲ꆣ떫쫇,뺭볃톧볒쏇뗄탋좤쯆뫵훷튪쫇캪웧쫓쿖쿳쳡릩뺭볃톧뗄뷢쫍믲쫇쇋뷢웧쫓쯹퓬돉뗄캢맛뺭볃뫳맻(죧퓚릤뫍쫙쏼뗈랽쏦),뛸뫜짙힢틢웧쫓퓬돉뗄뫪맛뺭볃뫳맻ꋙꆣ춬퇹,쯤좻짧믡쇷뚯쿔좻훁짙늿럖뗘쫇평짧믡훆뛈(벴헽쪽맦퓲)쯹뻶뚨뗄,듓뛸폐뿉쓜쫇뺭볃퓶뎤뗄헻룶훆뛈믹뒡훐뗄튻룶랽쏦,탂훆뛈뺭볃톧뛔짧믡쇷뚯횮폚뺭볃퓶뎤뗄ퟷ폃튲벸뫵쎻폐쳖싛ꆣ쯹틔,뺡맜짧믡톧뫍뺭볃톧뗄톧헟뚼퇐뺿맽짧믡쇷뚯뫍뺭볃퓶뎤횮볤뗄뮥뚯,좴뮹쎻폐붫횧돖짧믡쇷뚯뗄훆뛈낲업뫍뺭볃퓶뎤솪쾵웰살ꋚꆣ뮻퇔횮,컒쏇뮹듓캴퇏쯠뗘뾼싇맽헢퇹튻훖뿉쓜탔,벴횧독짧믡쇷뚯뗄훆뛈낲업쫇뺭볃퓶뎤뗄헻룶훆뛈믹뒡훐뗄튻룶맘볼캬뛈ꆣ놾컄쳡돶솽룶훷튪싛뛏,쫔춼붫짧믡쇷뚯뫍뺭볃퓶뎤,듓뛸튲붫짧믡쇷뚯뫍쿖듺뮯룼캪쏜쟐뗘솪쾵웰살ꆣ뗚튻룶싛뛏쫇,짧믡쇷뚯쟾뗀(channelofsocialmobility),벴횧독짧믡쇷뚯뗄훆뛈낲업,쫇뺭볃퓶뎤뗄헻룶훆뛈믹뒡훐뗄튻룶맘볼캬뛈ꋛ,틲캪짧믡쇷뚯뗄쟾뗀뗷뿘ퟅ뗘캻쫐뎡훐뗄벤샸뷡릹,샠쯆폚닺좨춨맽펰쿬컯훊쫐뎡훐뗄벤샸뷡릹뛸펰쿬뺭볃퓶뎤ꆣ뻟쳥뛸퇔,짧믡쇷뚯쟾뗀춨맽펰쿬룶죋ힷ쟳룼룟뗄짧믡뗘캻헢튻훘튪뚯믺뛸펰쿬뺭볃퓶뎤ꋜꆣ뗚뛾룶싛뛏쫇,샭뷢죋샠짧믡뗄솽룶쫐뎡훐뗄벤샸뷡릹(벴컯훊쫐뎡훐뗄닺좨뫍뗘캻쫐뎡훐뗄짧믡쇷뚯쟾뗀)횮볤뗄뮥뚯뛔폚샭뷢죋샠짧믡뗄퇝뇤훁맘훘튪ꆣ쪵볊짏,뻍벤샸뷡릹뛸퇔,쿖듺릤튵짧믡뫍잰쿖듺짧믡횮볤뗄튻룶룹놾쟸뇰헽쫇퓚폚잰헟퓚솽룶쫐뎡훐뚼캪룶죋뗄얬솦쳡릩쇋벤샸,뛸뫳헟ퟮ뛠횻퓚튻룶쫐뎡훐쳡릩쇋벤샸ꆣ틲듋,쿖듺뮯뗄맽돌듓헢룶틢틥짏튲뿉틔놻샭뷢캪죧뫎쪹룶죋퓚솽룶쫐뎡훐뗄얬솦쿠뮥듙뷸뗄맽돌ꆣ뚨ꆡꆡ틥뫍쾣뛻쮹훷튪듓컯훊닣쏦살뷧뚨뗘캻뺭볃(믲쫐뎡)(positionaleconomyorpositionalmarket)늻춬,놾컄냑뗘캻쫐뎡뚨틥캪튻룶짧믡훐뗈벶뷡릹뗄ퟜ뫍,쯤좻뗘캻쫐뎡훐뗄뗘캻춨뎣뫍컯훊좨샻쿠솪ꆣ퓚뗘캻쫐뎡훐,룶죋캪짧믡뗘캻뛸뺺헹,뛸룶죋뗄짧믡뗘캻쫇웤퓚짧믡죏뿉뗄뗈벶훐뗄벶뇰믲캻듎ꆣ뫍컯훊쫐뎡훐뗄쟩뿶쿠뇈,뗘캻쫐뎡훐뗄뺺헹쫇ퟝ쿲뗄ꆢ쇣뫍뗄,뛸쟒뗘캻탔짌욷뗄릩펦쫇쓚퓚폐쿞뗄ꆣ짧믡쇷뚯쟾뗀(thechannelofsocialmobility)쫇횸뗷뿘룶죋뫍좺쳥퓚뗘캻쫐뎡훐짽붵뗄훆뛈쾵춳ꆣ횱맛뗘쮵,짧믡쇷뚯쟾뗀붫짧믡쇷뚯뗷뿘퓚솽룶벫뛋훐볤:튻뛋쫇췪좫좱랦짧믡쇷뚯,쇭튻뛋쫇폐ꆰퟣ릻ꆱ뗄짧믡쇷뚯ꋝꆣꋙ,WhatHasEconomicstoSayaboutRacialDiscrimination?JournalofEconomicPerspectives,,(Spring1998).ꋚ폐벸룶샽췢쫇,SocialMobilityinLatinAmerica,InstituteforSocio2EconomicResearch,UniversidadCatꢮlicaBoliviana,Bolivia();,SocialMobilityandEconomicGrowth:ARenaissanceExample,BritishJournalofSociology,,();,TheTheoryofEconomicGrowth,ꆪ90;,EssayonthePrincipleofPopulation,London:Everyman,1951,;AlfredMarshall,PrinciplesofEconomics,Philadelphia:PorcupinePress,1982[1920],ꆪ77.ꋛ퓚웤쯻뗘랽,ퟷ헟쳡돶횧독뺭볃퓶뎤뗄헻룶훆뛈믹뒡훁짙냼삨웟룶듳뗄캬뛈ꆣꋜAdamSmith,:LibertyPress,1979[1759],ꆪ54.ꋝ떱좻,뫜쓑쮵짧믡쇷뚯폐뛠짙닅ꆰ릻ꆱ,뛠쫽짧믡뚼쫇헢솽훖샠탍뗄믬뫏쳥,볻BernardBarber,SocialStratification:AComparativeAnalysisandProcess,NewYork:Harcourt,Brace&World,1957,ꆣꆤ86ꆤ' 1994-2014 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
짧믡쇷뚯ꆢ뗘캻쫐뎡폫뺭볃퓶뎤짧믡늻쇷뚯(socialin2mobility)ꋙ쫇횸짧믡쇷뚯쟾뗀뗄튻훖쳘쫢낲업ꆣ퓚짧믡늻쇷뚯뗄쟩뿶쿂,벴쪹쒳룶룶쳥믲좺쳥뛔퓶뷸짧믡뢣샻폐릦,쯻쏇쳡룟짧믡뗘캻뗄믺믡튲믡놻냾뛡ꆣ룹뻝헢퇹뗄뚨틥,룶쳥믲좺쳥뗄짧믡늻쇷뚯뻍쫇횸퓚짧믡쇷뚯쟾뗀훐헫뛔쒳룶쳘뚨룶쳥믲좺쳥뗄훆뛈탔헏낭ꆣ짧믡늻쇷뚯뗄듦퓚틢캶ퟅ튻뚨듦퓚쿭폐쳘좨뗄룶쳥믲좺쳥뫍놻웧쫓뗄룶쳥믲좺쳥ꆣ틲캪횻폐쳘좨룶쳥믲좺쳥닅폐뚯믺뫍쓜솦살붨솢늢잿뮯ퟨ횹놻웧쫓뗄룶쳥뫍좺쳥퓚뗘캻쫐뎡훐쿲짏틆뚯(춬쪱놣횤쳘좨뷗벶ퟔ벺벰웤좺쳥늻믡쿂틆)뗄훆뛈낲업ꆣ헢퇹뷧뚨짧믡늻쇷뚯뗄뮰,컒쏇뻍뿉틔냑쯼뫍웧쫓뗈춬뾴듽ꋚꆣ늻싛뫎쪱뫎뗘,횻튪듦퓚쒳훖탎쪽뗄웧쫓ꆪꆪꆪ늻맜쫇벫뛋뗄뇭쿖탎쪽(죧훖ퟥ쟥쾴ꆢ얫솥훆ꆢ훖ퟥ믲쏱ퟥ웧쫓ꆢ훖탕훆뗈뗈),뮹쫇쎻쓇쎴뛱쇓뗄샠탍(죧탔뇰뫍쓪쇤웧쫓)ꆪꆪꆪ뻍뚼믡돶쿖짧믡늻쇷뚯ꆣ평폚웧쫓뿉틔폃살쿷죵짵훁냾뛡룶쳥믲좺쳥믱뗃짧믡쇷뚯뗄믺믡,죎뫎뿉쪶뇰좺쳥뗄짧믡늻쇷뚯뻍뚼쫇튻훖웧쫓,뛸죎뫎뗄웧쫓튲뚼틢캶ퟅ쒳룶쳘뚨좺쳥뗄짧믡늻쇷뚯(쯹틔,헢솽룶쫵폯퓚놾컄춨폃)ꆣ짧믡쇷뚯뫍짧믡좱랦쇷뚯(믲헟쮵짧믡쇷뚯뗄좱쪧)(socialimmobilityorlackofsocialmobility)쫇횸뿉틔맛달떽뗄룶쳥믲좺쳥퓚뗘캻쫐뎡훐뗄쇷뚯탔ꆣ헢퇹뚨틥뫳,룶쳥믲좺쳥뗄짧믡쇷뚯믲좱랦쇷뚯뻍쫇룶쳥믲좺쳥뗄?뢳틔벰얬솦폫짧믡쇷뚯쟾뗀(훆뛈낲업)횮볤쿠뮥ퟷ폃뗄뷡맻ꋛꆣ얫솥훆뫍뺭볃퓶뎤튪샭뷢웧쫓믲쮵짧믡늻쇷뚯뛔뺭볃퓶뎤뗄펰쿬,ퟮ뫃뗄돶랢뗣튲탭쫇췐뿋캬뛻뗄늻탠훸ퟷꆶ싛쏀맺뗄쏱훷ꆷꆣ얫솥훆,ퟷ캪뷶듎폚훖ퟥ쟥쾴뗄튻훖짧믡늻쇷뚯뗄벫뛋탎쪽,퓚죋샠샺쪷짏퓸뺭듦퓚쇋뫜뎤쪱볤,떫좴쫇쓪쟡뗄췐뿋캬뛻뗚튻듎닻쏷쇋얫솥훆뛔뺭볃퓶뎤뗄펰쿬ꆣ뛭몥뛭훝(돉솢폚1787쓪)폫뿏쯾믹훝(돉솢폚1775쓪)퇘뛭몥뛭뫓뮮뷧뛸훎,ퟳ폒쿠췻ꆣ췐뿋캬뛻퇘뫓싾늽쪱,늻평뗃캪솽훝횮볤뗄닮뇰쯹헰몳ꆣ떫쫇,쯻쫗쿈잿뗷:ꆰ웰럼뗄듳뗘퓚뛭몥뛭뫓뗄솽낶퇓짬,릩룸샍뚯헟컞뺡뗄놦님,뫓낶짏,뿕웸뚼튻퇹뗘폐틦붡뾵,웸뫲뚼쫇쓇쎴컂뫍틋죋ꆭꆭ헢솽룶훝횻폐튻룶닮뇰:뿏쯾믹훝죝탭탮얫,뛸뛭몥뛭훝뷻횹퓚쯼뗄뗘뷧샯듦퓚얫솥ꆣꆱ쯹틔,뛭몥뛭훝뫍뿏쯾믹훝릹돉쇋튻룶ꆰ쳬좻뗄쫔퇩ꆱ:솽룶훝폐탭뛠릲춬뗣,뛸ꋙ맘폚첫뛠헦쪵뗄믲ꆰ룐뻵떽뗄ꆱ짧믡쇷뚯듸살뗄뢺쏦펰쿬,볻,SomeUnapplaudedConsequencesofSocialMobilityinaMassSociety,SocialForces,,(),ꆪ36ꆣꋙꆡꆰ짧믡늻쇷뚯(socialin2mobility)ꆱ쫇ퟷ헟탂뒴뗄튻룶폃램,뛸폃ꆰ좱랦짧믡쇷뚯(socialimmobility믲헟lackofsocialmobility)ꆱ헢튻쳡램살뇭쪾쓜릻놻맛달떽뗄짧믡쇷뚯뗄좱랦ꆣꋚ춨뎣쯹쮵뗄ꆰ웧쫓ꆱ,퓚짧믡톧샯뗄몬틥튪뿭랺뗃뛠(죧탅폃웧쫓뗄폃램)ꆣ폐킩쎬뛜뗄쫇,죧맻내헕뿭랺뗄뚨틥,쯹폐뗄짧믡뚼붫늻뗃늻웧쫓쓇킩늻뛔짧믡뢣샻ퟶ돶붨짨탔릱쿗뗄죋(죧즱죋랸ꆢ뷙럋ꆢ쇷드뗄뗁퓴)ꆣꆰ짧믡뛂죻(socialclosure)ꆱ쫇쇭튻룶뫍컒쏇뗄ꆰ짧믡늻쇷뚯ꆱ폐맘뗄뿭랺룅쓮ꆣꆰ짧믡늻쇷뚯ꆱ틑놻뾴돉쫇퓚튻룶쳘뚨짧믡쇬폲(뗘캻쫐뎡)훐뗄튻훖쳘뚨뗄ꆰ짧믡뛂죻ꆱꆣ폐맘ꆰ짧믡뛂죻ꆱ컄쿗뗄ퟛ쫶,볻RaymondMurphy,SocialClosure:TheoriesofMonopolizationandExclusion,Oxford:ClarendonPress,1988,ꆣ컞싛쫇맘폚웧쫓뮹쫇맘폚ꆰ짧믡뛂죻ꆱ뗄컄쿗뚼쎻폐쳖싛쯼쏇뛔뺭볃퓶뎤뗄펰쿬ꆣꋛ쯹틔,룶쳥믲좺쳥좱랦짧믡쇷뚯뿉쓜쫇쯻쏇ퟔ짭좱랦?뢳믲좱랦얬솦뗄뷡맻,튲뿉쓜쫇짧믡쇷뚯쟾뗀훐듦퓚뗄훆뛈헏낭쯹훂,튲뿉쓜뛾헟볦뛸폐횮ꆣ샠쯆뗄맛뗣,닎볻BernardBarber,SocialStratification:AComparativeAnalysisandProcess뗚14헂ꆣꆤ87ꆤ' 1994-2014 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
훐맺짧믡뿆톧ꆡ2006쓪뗚3웚횻폐튻룶훘듳쟸뇰,벴뛭몥뛭훝뷻횹탮얫,뿏쯾믹훝퓲늻쫇ꆣ헢룶ꆰ쳬좻뗄쫔퇩ꆱ뗄뷡맻쫇쇮죋헰뺪뗄ꆣ췐뿋캬뛻뷓ퟅ킴뗀:ꆰ뫓뗄ퟳ낶(뿏쯾믹훝)죋퇌쾡짙;얼뛻믡뾴떽튻좺얫솥퓚냫믄뗄쳯샯폎떴ꆭꆭ짧믡쿱쫇퓚돁쮯,죋튲상상즢즢ꆭꆭ뫓뗄폒낶(뛭몥뛭훝)퓲헽쿠랴,뒫살믺웷뗄뫤쏹짹,탻쪾ퟅ릤튵뗄듦퓚;뗘샯뎤싺쇋볚;쏱뻓뗄폅퇅랴펳쇋샍뚯헟뗄욷캶뫍믮솦ꆭꆭ퓚뛭몥뛭뫓뗄ퟳ낶,샍뚯뫍얫솥훆믬캪튻첸,뛸퓚폒낶,쯼퓲뫍탋췺ꆢ뷸늽솬퓚튻웰ꆣ퓚헢튻뇟,샍뚯쫇뚪솳뗄쫂,뛸퓚쇭튻뇟,샍뚯쫇맢죙뗄ꆣ퓚뫓뗄ퟳ낶,뾴늻떽튻룶냗죋샍솦,틲캪쯻쏇몦엂믡뇤뗃뫍뫚얫튻퇹;쯹폐뗄믮뛹뚼평얫솥살ퟶ;뛸퓚뫓뗄폒낶,쎻폐튻룶죋쫇쿐즢뗄,냗죋뚼냑뺫솦뫍닅훇폃퓚룷훖릤ퟷ짏쇋ꆣꆱꋙퟜ횮,떽췐뿋캬뛻폎샺쏀맺횮쪱,뛭몥뛭훝뫍뿏쯾믹훝횮볤뗄닮뇰틑뺭럇뎣듳쇋ꆣ떥떥쫇튻룶훆뛈낲업뗄닮틬,뻍퓬돉쇋뛠듳뗄쟸뇰!퓚췐뿋캬뛻튻냙뛠쓪횮뫳,쇵틗쮹(쯤좻쎻폐틽폃췐뿋캬뛻)늻뷶냑얫솥훆뫍ꆰ뒹횱쇷뚯뗄좱랦ꆱ솪쾵웰살ꋚ,뮹냑얫솥훆뛔뺭볃퓶뎤뗄펰쿬폃훆뛈뺭볃톧뗄쫵폯볓틔뇭쫶ꋛꆣ뷡뫏쇵틗쮹뫍췐뿋캬뛻뗄싛쫶,뿉틔랢쿖짧믡늻쇷뚯훷튪춨맽죽룶춾뺶뛔뺭볃퓶뎤닺짺뢺쏦펰쿬ꆣꋜ뗚튻룶튲쫇ퟮ훘튪뗄춾뺶쫇짧믡늻쇷뚯쿷죵뛔룶죋뗄벤샸:퓚얫솥훆뛈쿂,얫솥뫍얫솥훷뚼쎻폐쓇쎴잿뗄릤ퟷ뚯믺ꆣ짧믡늻쇷뚯폈웤펰쿬뛔벼쫵뫍믺웷뗄춶:퓚폐돤ퟣ뗄얫솥릩룸뗄잰쳡쿂,얫솥훷뛔쳦듺샍뚯솦뗄벼쫵뫍믺웷쎻폐뛠짙춶뗄뚯솦ꋝꆣ쯹틔,퓚쓚햽잰뗄쏀맺,ꆰ횻폐놱랽룷훝펵폐뒬횻ꆢ훆퓬튵ꆢ쳺슷뫍퓋뫓ꆱꋞꆣ뗚뛾,짧믡늻쇷뚯떼훂짧믡뷴헅벰늻컈뚨ꆣ췐뿋캬뛻뚴달떽쏀맺쓏늿퓚럏얫컊쳢짏쏦쇙뗄짮뿌삧뺳:ꆰ쓏랽죋럇뎣쟥돾,죧맻얫솥믱뗃뷢럅좴폀풶뚼늻쓜뇤돉뫍쯻쏇뗄잰훷죋튻퇹,쓇쎴뷢럅얫솥뻍쫇캣쿕뗄ꆣ룸튻룶죋ퟔ평좴춬쪱죃쯻뒦뺳놯닒늢놥쫜쟼죨,컞틉뻍쫇퓚엠퇸튻룶캴살뗄엑싒춷ퟓꆱꋟꆣ헢틢캶ퟅ얫솥짧믡붫늻뗃늻퓚뿘훆얫솥짏뮨럑룼뛠풴,뛸쓜릻폃폚랢햹뺭볃뗄춶튲뻍쿠펦복짙쇋ꆣ뗚죽,짧믡늻쇷뚯펰쿬짧믡뫏ퟷ폫킭뗷ꋠꆣ평폚얫솥쏇돐쫜ퟅ벫뛋뗄짧믡늻릫,쯻쏇훐듦퓚ퟅ(뛔훷죋뗄)잿쇒늻싺뫍돰쫓ꆣ헢틢캶ퟅ얫솥짧믡훐듦퓚뻞듳뗄짧믡쇑뫛,듓뛸쫆뇘떼훂얫솥폫얫솥훷횮볤뗄뫏ퟷ폫킭뗷벫뛋삧쓑(죧맻늻쫇췪좫늻뿉쓜뗄뮰)ꆣퟔ좻,짧믡럖쇑뛔뺭볃퓶뎤늻샻ꋡ,뛸짧믡뫏ퟷ폫킭뗷퓚뺭볃쳥펦뛔췢늿돥믷쪱폖쫇뇘늻뿉짙뗄λυꆣꋙAlexdeTocqueville,:Knopf,1945[1835],ꆪ363.ꋚ,TheTheoryofEconomicGrowth,.ꋛ쇵틗쮹냑뒹횱쇷뚯뫍얫솥훆뚼쏷좷뗘럅퓚ꆰ뺭볃훆뛈ꆱ뗄뇪쳢쿂ꆣ쿔좻,쇵틗쮹ꆰ뒹횱쇷뚯뗄좱랦ꆱ뗈폚컒쏇뛔짧믡늻쇷뚯뗄뷧뚨ꆣꋜ맘폚얫솥훆뛔쏀맺쓏랽뗄뺭볃랢햹(훁짙퓚떱쪱)웰쇋믽벫ퟷ폃뗄맛뗣,닎볻,TimeontheCross:TheEconomicsofAmericanNegroSlavery,Boston:Little,BrownandCompany,1974,ꆪ6,191ꆪ232ꆣꋝ,TheTheoryofEconomicGrowth,ꆪ109.ꋞAlexdeTocqueville,DemocracyinAmerica,.ꋟAlexdeTocqueville,.,.췐뿋캬뛻퓚붲췪얫솥훆횮뫳뷴뷓ퟅ뻍쮵떽쏀맺솪냮뗄짺쯀듦췶컊쳢,헢튲탭늢럇쟉뫏ꆣꋠ헢튻뗣폃쿖듺짧믡톧뗄쫵폯살쮵,뻍쫇ꆰ릫쏱볛횵(civicvalue)ꆱ뫍ꆰ짧믡놾ꆱ뗄튻늿럖ꆣꋡAlbertoAlesinaetal.,,,,2003.λυDaniRodrik,WhereDidalltheGrowthGo?ExternalShocks,SocialConflict,andGrowthCollapses.ꆤ88ꆤ' 1994-2014 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
짧믡쇷뚯ꆢ뗘캻쫐뎡폫뺭볃퓶뎤짧믡늻쇷뚯뫍뺭볃퓶뎤췐뿋캬뛻뫍쇵틗쮹맘폚얫솥훆펰쿬뺭볃퓶뎤뗄싛쫶볻뷢짮뿌ꆣ쯼뷒쪾쇋ퟷ캪짧믡늻쇷뚯(믲쮵웧쫓)뗄튻훖벫뛋탎쪽,벴얫솥훆,쫇퓵퇹뛔뺭볃퓶뎤닺짺뢺쏦펰쿬뗄ꆣ뛸죧맻컒쏇냑얫솥훆뾴ퟷ짧믡늻쇷뚯뗄튻훖벫뛋탎쪽,뻍뿉틔냑쯻쏇뛾죋뗄맛뗣볓틔삩햹늢틔듋샭뷢쯹폐뗄짧믡늻쇷뚯,늢쟒룼볓짮죫뗘퇐뺿쯼쏇뛔뺭볃퓶뎤뗄펰쿬ꆣ룅퇔횮,듓룹놾짏쮵,퓚웤쯻쳵볾뚼튻퇹뗄쟩뿶쿂,웧쫓믡뛔짧믡뫍뺭볃닺짺뢺쏦ퟷ폃(벴쪹튻킩탎쪽뗄웧쫓뇈쇭췢튻킩퓚뗀뗂짏쎻쓇쎴뿉퓷)ꆣ헢쫇틲캪웧쫓믡듓죽룶랽쏦쿷죵뺭볃퓶뎤뗄뚯솦:쿷죵뗘캻쫐뎡훐횧독룶죋얬솦뗄벤샸뷡릹,떼훂잱퓚뗄짧믡뷴헅뫍늻컈뚨,퓶볓뫏ퟷ폫킭뗷뗄돉놾ꆣ컒쏇뫜죝틗횱맛뗘샭뷢틔짏죽룶랽쏦훐뗄뫳솽룶랽쏦뛔뺭볃퓶뎤뗄뢺쏦펰쿬:솽헟뚼믡퓶볓듙돉뫍횧독뺭볃퓶뎤뗄돉놾ꆣ쿠뇈횮쿂,뗚튻룶랽쏦퓲믡춨맽떼훂웤쯻펰쿬뛸ퟮ훕뛔뺭볃퓶뎤퓬돉룼짮닣듎뫍룼맣랺뗄뢺쏦킧펦ꆣ틲듋,쿂쏦컒쏇벯훐쳖싛헢룶랽쏦ꆣ캪듋,컒쏇뇘탫쿈죏쪶떽짺닺(믲릤ퟷ)쫇뺭볃퓶뎤뗄훕벫뚯솦,뛸톧쾰(믲헟쮵쫇횪쪶뗄믽샛)쫇뺭볃퓶뎤뗄룹놾뚯솦ꋙꆣ쫂쪵짏,짺닺뫍톧쾰듓룹놾짏쫇늻뿉럖뗄,틲캪짺닺쫇튻룶퓋폃뫍뒴퓬횪쪶뗄맽돌:짺닺샫뾪쇋횪쪶쫇늻뿉쓜뗄,뛸톧쾰샫뾪쇋짺닺튲쫇늻뿉쓜뗄ꆣ짧믡늻쇷뚯듓룹놾짏쾵춳뗘쿷죵룶죋뫍좺쳥짺닺폫톧쾰뗄뚯솦,듓뛸쿷죵쯻쏇뛔뺭볃퓶뎤뗄잱퓚릱쿗ꆣ쫗쿈,쿱췐뿋캬뛻뫍쇵틗쮹뚼틢쪶떽뗄쓇퇹,웧쫓믡춬쪱쿷죵놻웧쫓좺쳥뫍쳘좨좺쳥릤ퟷ폫톧쾰뗄뚯솦ꆣ튻랽쏦,뛔폚놻웧쫓좺쳥살쮵,웧쫓틢캶ퟅ쿲짏쇷뚯뗄뿉쓜탔킡,틲뛸살ퟔ뗘캻쫐뎡뗄벤샸뻍튪짙ꆣ쇭튻랽쏦,뛔폚쳘좨좺쳥뛸퇔,웧쫓퓲틢캶ퟅ쯻쏇퓚컯훊쫐뎡뫍뗘캻쫐뎡쏦쇙뗄뺺헹뚼튪짙,쯹틔쯻쏇튲뿉틔톧뗃짙튻뗣,룉뗃짙튻뗣ꆣ뗚뛾,(평짧믡늻쇷뚯퓬돉뗄)좱랦짧믡쇷뚯뮹틢캶ퟅ놻웧쫓좺쳥뗄쿂튻듺쎻뛠짙믺믡돶짺퓚짧믡뗘캻쿠뛔뷏룟뗄볒춥,틲뛸믡쿠뛔좱랦뿉춶폚톧쾰뗄놾ꆣ뛸평폚짧믡뗘캻뛔폚룶죋튪늻튪짏듳톧ꆢퟟ돶욶쏱뿟,짵훁뛔뷌폽뗄돉뻍뚼폐훘튪펰쿬ꋚ,쯹틔,웧쫓뮹틢캶ퟅ놻웧쫓좺쳥뗄쿂튻듺춬퇹쎻폐뛠짙톧쾰뚯솦ꆣ틲듋,웧쫓늻횻펰쿬쇋튻듺죋,뛸쟒뮹펰쿬쿂튻듺퓚톧쾰짏뗄뚯솦뫍뿉춶폚톧쾰뗄놾,탎돉ퟔ컒잿뮯뗄뛱탔톭뮷ꆣ뗚죽,평폚뺭볃랢햹듓룹놾짏좡뻶폚횪쪶믲쮵쮼쿫뗄퓶뎤,죋뿚쫇튻룶맺볒뺭볃퓶뎤뗄ꆰ훕벫풴ꆱ:엓듳뗄죋뿚늻뷶틢캶ퟅ룼듳뗄쫐뎡(듓뛸쓜죃뒴탂믱뗃룼뛠뗄믘놨),뛸쟒틢캶ퟅ룼뛠뗄탂쮼쿫ꋛꆣ뛸웧쫓뇘좻떼훂튻룶맺볒뛔웤죋닅뿢샻폃늻ퟣꆣ퓚웧쫓ힴ첬쿂,맺볒죋닅뿢훐뗄튻늿럖닅쓜,믲헟쎻폐뗃떽뾪랢믲헟뾪랢늻릻,틔훂늻쓜뛔뺭볃랢햹ퟶ돶펦폐뗄릱쿗ꆣ춬쪱,평폚쳘좨죋좺톧쾰뗄뚯솦튲늻ퟣ,죋닅뿢훐뗄쇭튻늿럖튲틲듋쎻폐뗃떽돤럖샻폃ꆣ틲듋,웧쫓ꋙJournalofEconomicGrowth,().ꋙꆡSimonKuznets,TowardaTheoryofEconomicGrowth,NewYork:,;,IdeasandGrowth,UniversityofCaliforniaatBerkeley,WorkingPaper();쳆쫀욽:ꆶ맺볒뗄톧쾰쓜솦뫍훐맺뗄룏뎬햽싔ꆷ,ꆶ햽싔폫맜샭ꆷ2003쓪뗚5웚ꆣꋚ,,,().ꋛ,IdeasandGrowth;EdmundPhelps,PopulationIncrease,CanadianJournalofEconomics,,().ꆤ89ꆤ' 1994-2014 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
훐맺짧믡뿆톧ꆡ2006쓪뗚3웚퓚놾훊짏뻍뫃쿱ꆰ냑튻맺뗄죋뿚뾳뗴쇋튻냫ꆱ,듓뛸뿉쓜쪧좥탭뛠잱퓚뗄쒪퓺쳘뫍얣뛙ꋙꆣ헢퇹뗄쟩탎늻뿉쓜폐샻폚뺭볃퓶뎤ꆣ룼퓣룢뗄쫇,놻웧쫓좺쳥늻뷶늻쓜뛔짧믡뢣샻ퟶ돶릱쿗,뛸쟒뮹믡돉캪짧믡뗄뒿듢뢺떣ꆣ헽쿱췐뿋캬뛻럖컶얫솥훆쪱쯹쮵뗄:ꆰ릩퇸쯻(벴얫솥)뗄뮨럑쫇쎻췪쎻쇋뗄ꆭꆭ떽ퟮ뫳,튻룶얫솥뇈튻룶ퟔ평짭뗄웍죋뮨뗄잮뮹튪뛠,뛸쯻뗄샍뚯킧싊좴풶늻죧뫳헟ꆱꋚꆣ틲듋,놻웧쫓좺쳥늻떫믡돉캪ퟔ벺뗄뢺떣,튲믡돉캪쳘좨좺쳥뗄뢺떣,듓뛸돉캪헻룶맺볒뗄뢺떣ꆣ죧듋튻살,웧쫓뇈ꆰ냑튻맺뗄죋뿚뾳뗴튻냫ꆱ룼퓣ꆣퟮ뫳,튲뿉쓜쫇ퟮ짮뿌뗄펰쿬쫇,웧쫓뮹믡퓬돉쟣쿲폚뢴훆늢잿뮯쿖듦짧믡훈탲뗄훆뛈뫍컄뮯ꋛ,듓뛸쪹죃죋닅닒퓢샋럑뗄쒣쪽늻뛏ퟔ컒뢴훆ꆣ퓚훆뛈짏,쳘좨좺쳥믡헫뛔놻웧쫓좺쳥짨솢쿲짏쇷뚯뗄헏낭,틲캪쯻쏇냑뛔웤쳘좨뗄죎뫎쟖쪴뚼쫓캪훂쏼뗄췾킲:훘탂럖엤닆뢻뫍좨솦닺짺뗄ꆰ훃뮻킧펦(replacementeffect)ꆱ쫇쳘좨좺쳥뗄탄춷듳뮼ꋜꆣ듓컄뮯뷇뛈살뾴,ꆰ짧믡맦랶맄샸죋뷓쫜쯻퓚듋짺듋쫀뗄짧믡뗘캻ꆣ짧믡쇷뚯뗄죈췻쫜떽퇏샷톹훆ꆣ헢퇹뗄볛횵쳥쾵(튲탭)폐훺폚캬뮤짧믡컈만,떫늻샻폚뺭볃믽샛ꆱꋝꆣ틲듋,짧믡늻쇷뚯믲쫇웧쫓쓜듓룹놾짏쾵춳뗘쿷죵튻룶맺볒뗄뺭볃퓶뎤잱솦ꆣ컞싛뫎쪱뫎뗘,횻튪폐웧쫓듦퓚,뻍뇘좻믡닺짺뺭볃듺볛ꆣ컯훊쫐뎡뫍뗘캻쫐뎡:쯄훖샠탍뗄짧믡틔짏쳖싛뇭쏷,횧독뗘캻쫐뎡훐벤샸뷡릹뗄짧믡쇷뚯쟾뗀,튲쫇뺭볃랢햹횮훆뛈믹뒡뗄튻룶맘볼캬뛈ꆣ늢쟒,뗘캻쫐뎡뫍컯훊쫐뎡훐뗄벤샸뷡릹늻춬ꆣ쯹틔,캪쇋놣횤뺭볃뗄돖탸퓶뎤,튻룶짧믡뇘탫퓚솽룶쫐뎡훐뚼캪룶죋쳡릩벤샸ꆣ평폚헢솽룶쫐뎡믡캪룶죋듸살늻춬뗄믺믡,죋쏇붫믡뾼싇죧뫎퓚헢뛾헟횮볤엤훃ퟔ벺뗄닅쓜,뛸쯻쏇뗄쯣볆믡뛔헻룶짧믡닺짺짮풶펰쿬ꆣ쫂쪵짏,춨맽삩햹ꆰ닅쓜엤훃샭싛ꆱ,컒쏇뿉틔폃튻룶볲떥뗄럖샠살랴펳벤샸믺훆뗄늻춬ퟩ뫏믡뛔헻룶짧믡,냼삨뛔뺭볃랢햹뫍짧믡컈뚨뗄짮풶펰쿬ꋞꆣ뗚튻훖ퟩ뫏쫇횸퓚뗘캻쫐뎡뫍컯훊쫐뎡뚼늻캪룶죋쳡릩벤샸뗄짧믡ꆣ퓚헢킩짧믡훐,ꆰ좨솦ꋙAlfredMarshall,PrinciplesofEconomics,.ꋚAlexdeTocqueville,DemocracyinAmerica,.ꋛ,SomePrinciplesofStratification:ACriticalAnalysis,AmericanSociologicalReview,,(),;,TheFunctionalTheoryofStratification:SomeNeglectedConsiderations,AmericanSociologicalReview,,(),,782.ꋜDaronAcemoglu,,EconomicBackwardnessinPoliticalPerspective,NBERWorkingPaper8831().튻룶횱뷓뫳맻뻍쫇뛔놻웧쫓좺쳥믹놾톧쾰짨쪩뗄춶늻ퟣ,쿱퓚삭뚡쏀훞뫍쏀맺돇쫐훐탄쟸랢짺뗄쓇퇹ꆣ뛸뛔놻웧쫓좺쳥뷌폽춶맽짙,볓짏웤놾짭뗄톧쾰뚯솦쿂붵,붫뷸튻늽복짙쯻쏇쿲짏쇷뚯뗄믺믡ꆣꋝJimGranato,RonaldInglehart,andDavidLeblang,TheEffectofCulturalValuesonEconomicDevelopment:Theory,Hypotheses,,,(),ꆪ10.ꋞ맘폚닅쓜엤훃샭싛,볻,Entrepreneurship:Productive,Unproductive,andDestructive,JournalofPoliticalEconomy,,();,AndreiShleifer,,TheAllocationofTalent:ImplicationsforGrowth,QuarterlyJournalofEconomics,,(May1991)ꆣBaumol퓸쳡돶ꆰ짧믡폐솽샠쫐뎡,뛸쯼쏇럖뇰캪룶죋쳡릩늻춬뗄벤샸믺훆ꆱ헢튻맛뗣ꆣꆤ90ꆤ' 1994-2014 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
짧믡쇷뚯ꆢ뗘캻쫐뎡폫뺭볃퓶뎤뫍뗘캻뗄럖엤쫇평돶짭쿞뚨뗄,늢쟒뻶뚨ퟅ믱좡닆뢻뫍뷌폽뗄믺믡ꆱꋙꆣ퓚헢킩짧믡훐,맙랽틢쪶탎첬늻뷶횧돖헢훖만뚨뗄짧믡뗘캻뗈벶,뮹맄샸룶죋ꆰ퓚훃짭웤훐뗄훈탲훐훒돏뗘럾컱짏뗛ꆱ,뷨틔ퟨ횹룶죋뛔짧믡쇷뚯뗄ힷ쟳ꋚꆣ퓚헢킩짧믡샯,춨뎣횻폐춨맽놩솦쫖뛎닅쓜퓚솽룶쫐뎡뚼믱뗃뗘캻뗄쳡짽(헢튲뷒쪾쇋샺쪷짏늻뛏랢짺얩쏱웰틥뗄풭틲)ꆣ뛠쫽뒫춳(믲쮵얩튵)짧믡뚼쫴폚헢튻샠ꆣ뗚뛾훖ퟩ뫏쫇횻퓚뗘캻쫐뎡훐쳡릩벤샸,뛸늻퓚컯훊쫐뎡훐쳡릩벤샸뗄짧믡ꆣ헢퇹뗄짧믡뫜듳돌뛈짏쫇튻룶톰ퟢ짧믡ꆣ뛠쫽죋뚼믡쿈냑닅룉폃폚쒱쟳뗘캻쫐뎡훐뗄짏짽,좻뫳퓙샻폃믱뗃뗄짧믡뗘캻살톰쟳뺭볃샻틦ꆣ퓚헢퇹뗄짧믡훐,탭뛠죋뗄닅쓜뛔폚뺭볃랢햹뫁컞틦뒦,짵훁믡웰떽웆뮵ퟷ폃ꋛꆣ퇏훘틀삵맙쇅쳥훆뗄짧믡튻냣뚼쫴폚헢훖샠탍,죧싞십뗛맺ꆢ훐뮪뗛맺ꆢ잰쯕솪뫍뛠쫽럇쫐뎡뺭볃맺볒ꆣ뗚죽훖ퟩ뫏쫇횻퓚컯훊쫐뎡ꆢ뛸늻퓚뗘캻쫐뎡쳡릩벤샸뗄짧믡ꆣ헢퇹뗄짧믡붫탎돉튻룶횻폐닆뢻뛸쎻폐좨솦뫍뗘캻뗄뷗닣ꆣퟮ뫳,헆컕닆뢻뗄뷗닣횻폐솽훖톡퓱:ꆰ랢퇔ꆱ믲헟ꆰ췋돶ꆱꋜꆣ펢맺뗄맢죙룯쏼쫇닆뢻뷗닣춨맽놩솦쫖뛎톡퓱ꆰ랢퇔ꆱ뗄샽ퟓ,뛸탭뛠랢햹훐맺볒돶쿖뗄컯훊뫍죋솦놾뗄췢쇷쿖쿳퓲훁짙늿럖랴펳쇋쓇킩펵폐쪵컯놾믲죋솦놾뗄죋,평폚늻쓜퓚뗘캻쫐뎡훐뗃떽짽잨늢쟒튲늻풸춨맽놩솦살랢퇔,뛸ퟮ훕톡퓱쇋ꆰ췋돶ꆱꆣ뗚쯄훖ퟩ뫏쫇퓚솽룶쫐뎡훐뚼캪룶죋쳡릩벤샸뗄쿖듺릤튵짧믡ꆣ퓚쿖듺짧믡훐,횪쪶뫍닆뢻뗄믽샛쫇쿲짏쇷뚯뗄훷튪쟾뗀,톧쾰뫍웳튵볒뺫짱쫜떽뫜듳뗄맄샸ꆣ뛸쟒,솽룶쫐뎡훐뗄벤샸믺훆뮥쿠듙뷸,틲듋닺짺쇋튻룶쎻폐퓶뎤쿞뛈뗄솼탔톭뮷,짧믡튲뻍돉캪ꆰ폀탸랢햹뗄짧믡ꆱ,쯼ꆰ컞램짨솢퇏훘뗄뗈벶ꆢ훖탕믲닆닺뇚생,틲캪헢붫퓬돉컞램죝죌뗄짧믡뷴헅ꆱ:헢쫇틲캪ꆰ뺡맜죋샠뿉틔죌쫜벫뛋뗄늻욽뗈ꆭꆭ떫뇘탫듦퓚튻뚨뗄탩믃믲헟헦쪵뗄짧믡쇷뚯,뛸탩믃튲뇘탫폐튻뚨뗄헦쪵ퟷ캪믹뒡닅쓜돖탸ꆱꋝꆣ죧맻볙뚨춨췹쿖듺뮯뗄뗀슷쫇튻룶떥쿲뷸돌,컒쏇뮹뿉틔릴샕튻룶맘폚솽룶쫐뎡뗄뮥뚯벰웤죧뫎펰쿬죋샠짧믡퇝뇤뗄춼뮭ꆣ쿔좻,횻폐듦퓚늻욽뗈,닅폐뿉쓜퓚솽룶쫐뎡훐닺짺벤샸믺훆ꆣ죧맻뒦폚킡막좺쳥뫍늿실뷗뛎뗄뛠쫽죋샠좺쳥맻헦쫇욽뗈짧믡(쯤좻듦퓚늿실쫗쇬,듓뛸퓚뗘캻쫐뎡훐듦퓚킩탭늻욽뗈믲헟쮵튻훖뗈벶훈탲뗄틢캶)ꋞ,쓇쎴뗘캻늻욽뗈뗄돶쿖뫜뿉쓜퓧폚컯훊늻욽뗈뗄돶쿖ꆣ헢퇹튻살,뗘캻쫐뎡훐벤샸뗄듦퓚튲뻍뿉쓜퓧폚컯훊쫐뎡훐뗄벤샸뗄듦퓚ꆣꋙUgoPagano,Nationalism,Development,andIntegration:,,2003,ꆪ41.ꋚDavidHerlihy,,,(Spring1973),.ꋛ,Entrepreneurship:Productive,Unproductive,andDestructive.ꋜ,Exit,Voice,andLoyalty:ResponsetoDeclineinFirms,Organizations,:HarvardUniversityPress,1970.ꋝErnestGellner,,.:CornellUniversityPress,1983,ꆪ25.ꋞ퇏룱뗘쮵,헢퇹뗄죋샠좺실튲듺뇭쇋튻훖짧믡탎첬ꆣ퓚헢퇹뗄짧믡훐,뺭볃퓶뎤쫇벫웤뮺싽뗄,틲캪웤훐뗄벤샸믺훆잿쇒뗘ퟨ낭믽샛뫍뒴탂,볻GaryMillerandKathleenCook,LevelingandLeadership:HierarchyandSocialOrder,inKarolSoltan,(eds.),InstitutionsandSocialOrder,AnnArbor:UniversityofMichiganPress,1998;,SomePrinciplesofStratification:ACriticalAnalysis,;,TheFunctionalTheoryofStratification:SomeNeglectedConsiderations,,782.ꆤ91ꆤ' 1994-2014 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
훐맺짧믡뿆톧ꆡ2006쓪뗚3웚뛸쟒,횻폐퓚뗈벶짧믡떽살횮뫳,짧믡쇷뚯쟾뗀닅폐듦퓚뗄뇘튪ꆣ헢늻뷶틲캪퓚듋횮잰쎻폐짧믡럖닣,뛸쟒쫇틲캪짧믡쇷뚯뗄뇚생튲횻폐퓚뗈벶뷡릹훐닅믡듦퓚ꆣ뗈벶짧믡,룹뻝뚨틥,탨튪튻뚨돌뛈뗄럾듓뫍죋쏇뛔ퟔ벺뗘캻뗄뷓쫜,뛸횻폐튻룶쳘쫢뗄뺫펢좺쳥닅볈폐뚯믺폖폐풴살잿훆쪵쪩폐맘짧믡쇷뚯쟾뗀뗄맦퓲ꆣ쯹틔,훁짙퓚죋샠짧믡늽돶늿실뷗뛎횮뫳,뗘캻쫐뎡훐뗄벤샸뻍튻횱듦퓚,죋쏇뚼쿫뗃떽룼룟뗄짧믡뗘캻ꆣ좻뛸,퓚죋샠샺쪷뗄듳늿럖쪱볤샯,쯤좻뛠쫽죋뚼좷쪵쿫햼뻝뫃뗄캻ퟓ,헢킩캻ퟓ좴늻쫇캪쯻쏇ힼ놸뗄,뛠쫽죋뗄얬솦퓚뗘캻쫐뎡훐뚼뗃늻떽믘놨ꆣ풭틲쫇듦퓚ퟨ횹룶죋퓚뗘캻쫐뎡훐뗃떽믘놨뗄헾훎뇚생:쓇킩뢻폐쟒폐좨솦뗄죋,틲캪쯻쏇몦엂퓚헾훎짏놻죋쳦듺,튻냣뚼믡붫짧믡훆뛈짨볆돉업돢쯻죋뗄짧믡훆뛈ꋙꆣ쪵볊짏,튻킩캻ퟓ풽쫇폐좨솦(믲쮵듓쯼뗃떽뗄믘놨풽뛠),햼뻝헢훖뗘캻뗄죋뻍풽폐뚯솦뫍풴살놣뮤쯻쏇뗄쳘좨뗘캻ꋚꆣ뫍쫀쾮뗄좨솦폫뗘캻뻶뚨닆뢻ꆢ좨솦뫍뗘캻뗄뒫춳짧믡뷘좻늻춬뗄쫇,퓚쿖듺릤튵짧믡,좨솦뫍뗘캻뚼쫇퓝쪱뗄,뛸쟒뺭뎣쫇닆뢻뻶뚨좨솦뫍뗘캻ꋛꆣ틲듋,퓚쿖듺릤튵짧믡,튻룶죋튪캬돖좨솦뫍뗘캻뻍뇘탫늻뛏춶죫컯훊폫죋솦놾틔믽샛닆뢻ꆣ쯹틔,쿖듺릤튵짧믡훐뗄벤샸뷡릹폐샻폚뺭볃퓶뎤ꆣ횻쫇떽쇋쿖듺릤튵짧믡,솽훖쫐뎡훐뗄벤샸믺훆닅뗃틔춬쪱듦퓚ꆣ쿖듺릤튵짧믡캪죋쏇퓚솽훖쫐뎡훐뗄뷸늽뎨뾪쇋믺폶뗄듳쏅,쪹죋쏇퓚솽룶쫐뎡훐뗄얬솦뿉틔뮥쿠듙뷸,듓뛸듙뷸쇋짧믡뷸늽ꆣ헢퇹,쿖듺릤튵짧믡튲쪹ퟔ벺뇤돉쇋ꆰ폀탸랢햹뗄짧믡ꆱ,쟒훁뷱죔쫇죧듋ꆣ듓헢룶틢틥짏쮵,잰쿖듺짧믡춨췹쿖듺뮯뗄맽돌훐뗄튻룶훷튪쳴햽쫇죧뫎훘쯜퓚컯훊쫐뎡뫍뗘캻쫐뎡훐뗄벤샸뷡릹ꆣ캪쇋(춨맽뺭볃퓶뎤)쪵쿖쿖듺뮯,뷶뷶퓚컯훊쫐뎡훐쳡릩벤샸믺훆믲헟뷶뷶퓚뗘캻쫐뎡훐쳡릩벤샸뚼쫇늻릻뗄,튻룶짧믡뇘탫퓚솽룶쫐뎡짏뚼캪룶죋얬솦쳡릩벤샸ꆣ뮻퇔횮,캪쇋쪵쿖쿖듺뮯,튻룶짧믡뇘탫듓좱랦튻훖믲솽훖벤샸믺훆뗄짧믡맽뛉떽퓚솽룶쫐뎡훐뚼쳡릩벤샸뗄짧믡,죃쓇킩캪짧믡ퟶ돶릱쿗뗄죋늻뷶쓜뗃떽컯훊믘놨,퓚짧믡뗘캻짏튲쓜뗃떽믘놨ꆣ짧믡쇷뚯뫍퓶뎤:샭싛틢틥듓룹놾짏쮵,죋샠늢늻뷶뷶싺ퟣ폚컯훊쯹뗃,뛸쫇뮹쾣췻뗃떽틲짧믡뗘캻짏짽쯹듸살뗄싺ퟣ룐(믲헟쮵쫇탩죙탄)ꋜꆣ틲듋,튪쿫쪹죋쏇얬솦늻킸늢틔듋췆뚯뺭볃뫍컄쏷뗄랢햹,짧믡뻍뇘탫퓚컯훊쫐뎡뫍뗘캻쫐뎡뚼쳡릩벤샸ꆣ쟥돾뗘틢쪶떽짧믡쇷뚯쟾뗀쫇뺭볃퓶뎤뗄헻룶훆뛈믹뒡훐뗄튻룶맘볼캬뛈(틲캪쯼횧돖ퟅ뗘캻쫐뎡훐뗄벤샸뷡릹),컒쏇튲뻍쓜뛔뺭볃퓶뎤뗄헻룶훆뛈믹뒡폐룼뫃뗄샭뷢ꆣ쫗쿈,횻폐죏쪶떽짧믡쇷뚯쟾뗀쫇뺭볃퓶뎤뗄훆뛈믹뒡훐뗄튻룶캬뛈,컒쏇닅쓜잡죧웤럖뗘샭뷢캪뫎십뛻죸쮹쪢퓞솽룶쫐뎡훐벤샸믺훆쫇ꆰ뺪죋뗘폐틦ꆱ:ꆰ죧맻짧믡훐쎻죋쓜횸췻짽잨,ꋙ헢튲뻍뷢쫍쇋캪쪲쎴퓚죋샠샺쪷뗄듳늿럖쪱볤샯,횻폐춨맽놩솦쫖뛎닅쓜믱뗃짧믡쇷뚯:짧믡쇷뚯뇚생쫇튻훖룹놾탔뗄늻릫욽,늢쟒믡ퟮ훕틽랢랴엑ꆣ볻BarringtonMooreJr.,Injustice:TheSocialBasesofObedienceandRevolt,NewYork:,1978ꆣꋚ,SomePrinciplesofStratification:ACriticalAnalysis,;,TheFunctionalTheoryofStratification:SomeNeglectedConsiderations,,782.ꋛErnestGellner,NationsandNationalism,ꆪ25;UgoPagano,Nationalism,Development,andIntegration:ThePoliticalEconomyofErnestGellner.ꋜAdamSmith,TheTheoryofMoralSentiments,ꆪ54,57.ꆤ92ꆤ' 1994-2014 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
짧믡쇷뚯ꆢ뗘캻쫐뎡폫뺭볃퓶뎤튲쎻죋믡떣탄냜실;죧맻쟚럜쎻폐듸살뫃뒦,뛸상즢튲늻믡쫜떽돍랣,컒쏇뻍뇰쿫뾴떽쓇킩룄짆컒쏇ퟔ벺뺳뿶뗄짺믺늪늪뗄믮뚯,뛸헢킩믮뚯쿖퓚틑돉캪짧믡랱죙뗄훷튪뚯솦ꆱꋙꆣ춬퇹,횻폐죏쪶떽짧믡쇷뚯쟾뗀쫇뺭볃랢햹뗄훆뛈믹뒡훐뗄튻룶캬뛈,컒쏇닅쓜샭뷢캪쪲쎴십킪뛻쮵ꆰ닺튵쇬탤훐릤죋ퟓ뗜쯹햼뇈샽ퟮ듳뗄뗘랽,뷸늽쫇ퟮ뿬뗄ꆱ,틔벰ꆰ뺭볃퓶뎤춨뎣냩쯦ퟅ룟뛈뗄뒹횱쇷뚯ꆪꆪꆪ쿲짏쇷뚯뫍쿲쿂쇷뚯ꆣꆱꋚ웤듎,횻폐죏쪶떽짧믡쇷뚯쟾뗀쫇뺭볃랢햹뗄훆뛈믹뒡훐뗄튻룶캬뛈,컒쏇닅쓜룼볓췪헻뗘샭뷢듳훚뷌폽뛔뺭볃퓶뎤뗄뻞듳펰쿬ꆣ듳훚뷌폽뿉틔놻뾴돉룸폨쓇킩돶짭욶몮뗄몢ퟓ틔ퟮ돵뗄죋솦놾춶,듓뛸룸쯻쏇퓚짧믡쇷뚯쟾뗀훐틔ퟮ돵뗄췆뚯늢쪹쯻쏇쓜릻짽잨떽룼볓폐샻뗄캻훃뗄튻룶쫖뛎ꋛꆣ쯹틔,듳훚뷌폽뛔뺭볃랢햹뗄릱쿗늻뷶뷶퓚폚쯼횱뷓뒫능횪쪶,뛸쟒뮹퓚폚ꆰ듳훚뷌폽쫇뛔짧믡쇷뚯뗄훘튪놣헏뫍돐억ꆱꋜꆣ평폚듳훚뷌폽쫇뛔짧믡쇷뚯뗄훘튪놣횤뫍췆솦,쯼잿뮯뗘캻쫐뎡훐뗄벤샸믺훆,쯹틔쓜맄샸룶죋뗄얬솦틲뛸췆뚯뺭볃퓶뎤ꆣ뗚죽,횻폐죏쪶떽짧믡쇷뚯쟾뗀퓚횧돖뺭볃랢햹훐뗄ퟷ폃,컒쏇닅쓜샭뷢캪쪲쎴퓚뿧맺퓶뎤믘맩럖컶훐,돵뗈뷌폽쫇풤닢뺭볃랢햹죧듋폐솦뗄횸뇪ꆣ퓚늻췪짆뗄놾쫐뎡훐,캪쯍몢ퟓ짏톧뛸뷨듻뗄삧쓑뛔쟮죋뗄펰쿬룼듳ꆣ뛸뛔돵뗈뷌폽뗄춶죫뿉틔놻뾴돉쫇튻훖폐샻폚쟮죋뗄퓙럖엤듫쪩,헢훖퓙럖엤붫퓶듳쟮몢ퟓ뗄쓜솦뫍믺믡,틲듋,쯼뇘뚨쫇샻폚뺭볃퓶뎤뗄ꋝꆣ쿠랴,뛔돵뗈뷌폽뗄춶늻ퟣ쫂쪵짏뻍쫇뛔뗍쫕죫볒춥몢ퟓ뗄튻훖웧쫓ꋞ:쓇킩쓜릻뷓쫜돵뗈뷌폽뗄죋폐췻뗃떽룼뛠뗄뚫컷,뛸쓇킩늻쓜뷓쫜돵뗈뷌폽뗄죋퓲붫쪧좥헢퇹뗄뿉쓜탔ꆣ쯹틔,뛔돵뗈뷌폽뗄춶늻ퟣ튻뚨믡쿷죵뺭볃퓶뎤,헽죧십킪뛻튻헫볻톪횸돶뗄쓇퇹:ꆰ뛔폚맺볒닆뢻뗄퓶뎤살쮵,ퟮ듳뗄샋럑쒪맽폚쓇킩늻탒돶짭욶몮뗄쳬닅쏇쪼훕컞램쪩햹닅뮪!ꆱꋟ쪵볊짏,십킪뛻횮쯹틔뷟솦뎫떼삩햹듳훚뷌폽(쳘뇰쫇돵뗈뷌폽),헽쫇캪쇋췆뚯쟮몢ퟓ뗄짧믡쇷뚯:ꆰ튪듙뷸컯훊닆뢻뗄뿬쯙퓶뎤,쎻폐쪲쎴믡뇈룄짆컒쏇뗄톧킣뷌폽(쳘뇰쫇돵훐뗈뷌폽)헾닟룼볓폐솦뗄쇋,쳈죴퓙쓜쪵탐맣랺뗄붱톧뷰훆뛈뗄뮰ꆣ붱톧뷰훆뛈쓜죃샍뚯죋쏱뗄듏ꋙ,EssayonthePrincipleofPopulation,,.ퟮ뷼뗄샭싛쒣탍뫍쪵횤릤ퟷ뮹뇭쏷,죧맻죋쏇(믹폚쒳킩쿖쪵)죏캪폐쿲짏쇷뚯뗄뿉쓜,쯻쏇뇣늻믡튪쟳첫뛠뗄폚짧믡컞틦뗄퓙럖엤,볻Ó,SocialMobilityandtheDemandforRedistribution:thePOUMHypothesis,QuarterlyJournalofEconomics,,(May2001);RolandBÓnabouandJeanTirole,BeliefsinaJustWorldandDistributivePolitics,PrincetonUniversity,mimeo();AlbertoAlesinaandElienaLaFerrara,PreferencesofRedistributionintheLandofEqualOpportunity,JournalofPublicEconomics,,ꆪ6()ꆣ틲듋,폐샻폚짧믡쇷뚯뗄뫃뗄훆뛈낲업뿉틔듙쪹튻룶짧믡뷸죫솼탔톭뮷:쿠탅ퟔ벺폐믺믡쿲짏쇷뚯,뿉틔쪹죋닺짺룼듳뗄뚯솦,늢복짙뛔컞틦뗄퓙럖엤뗄탨쟳ꆣꋚAlfredMarshall,PrinciplesofEconomics,ꆪ77.ꋛAlfredMarshall,.,ꆪ80.ꋜ,WhyIsnpittheWholeWorldDeveloped?JournalofEconomicHistory,,(),.ꋝPhilippeAghion,EveCaroliandCeciliaGarcia2Penalosa,InequalityandEconomicGrowth:,,(),ꆪ24.ꋞ,VoiceandGrowth:WasChurchillRight?JournalofEconomicHistory,,(June2003),.ꋟAlfredMarshall,.,.ꆤ93ꆤ' 1994-2014 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
훐맺짧믡뿆톧ꆡ2006쓪뗚3웚믛뛹쯯퓚톧킣샯훰붥엊짽,횱떽뷓쫜쓇룶쪱듺쯹쓜룸폨뗄ퟮ뫃뗄샭싛뫍쪵볹뷌폽캪횹ꆱꋙꆣ쮭횪뗀쓘,퓚쓇킩쟮몢ퟓ떱훐,믲탭뻍폐캴살뗄얣뛙믲헟놴뛠럒!뗚쯄,튻떩컒쏇죏쪶떽짧믡쇷뚯쟾뗀쫇뺭볃랢햹뗄훆뛈믹뒡훐뗄튻룶캬뛈,뛸횪쪶퓶뎤쫇뺭볃랢햹뗄뫋탄뚯솦,쓇쎴,짧믡쇷뚯쟾뗀횮폚뺭볃랢햹뗄ퟷ폃뻍뇤뗃룼볓훘튪:탭뛠ힷ쟳횪쪶뗄죋뿉쓜뛔컯훊쯹뗃늢늻쳘뇰룐탋좤,쯻쏇룼맘탄뗄쫇퓚뗘캻쫐뎡훐뗄쯹뗃(죧췾췻ꆢ쏻짹ꆢ짧믡뗘캻,믲헟쟠쪷쇴쏻)ꆣ십킪뛻뫜뻃틔잰뻍랢쿖:ꆰ쓇킩캪횪쪶뗄췆뷸릱쿗ퟮ뛠뗄죋,뫜짙믡퓚틢뛔닆뢻놾짭뗄펵폐ꆱꋚꆣ짧믡쇷뚯뫍퓶뎤:쪵볹틢틥죏쪶떽짧믡쇷뚯쟾뗀쫇뺭볃퓶뎤뗄훆뛈믹뒡훐뗄튻룶맘볼캬뛈뮹뿉틔냯훺컒쏇룼뫃뗘샭뷢튻킩틑뺭췪돉뫍헽퓚뷸탐훐뗄ꆰ쳬좻쫔퇩ꆱ,샽죧,뺡맜뒫춳훐맺쎻쓜랢햹돶쿖듺뿆톧쫇틲캪웤쳘쫢뗄훆뛈뫍컄뮯낲업뗄웦쳘믬뫏ꋛ,웤놳뫳ퟮ훘튪뗄횱뷓풭틲좴쫇짧믡늻쇷뚯ꆣ컷몺커뗛쓪볤,뚭훙쫦쪹튻훖탞룄뫳뗄죥뷌돉캪훐뮪뗛맺뗄맙랽틢쪶탎첬ꆣ뛸뚭훙쫦뛔폚죥볒톧쮵ퟮ훘튪뗄탞룄횮튻뻍쫇훰늽떭뮯쇋캪퇐뺿뛸퇐뺿ퟔ좻뗄ퟶ램(벴ꆶ듳톧ꆷ샯뗄ꆰ늩컯ꆱ),ꆰ늩컯ꆱ듓쓇틔뫳훰붥돉캪ꆰퟔ탞뿎ꆱꆣ틲캪맜샭맺볒쯆뫵늻탨튪첫뛠뗄뿆톧뫍벼쫵횪쪶,뛸뷶뷶탨튪헽횱(뗂)뫍쿈쿍뗄훇믛,뺭뫍쪷ퟮ훕돉쇋훐맺뺫펢쏇캨튻뗄뫏램횪쪶살풴ꆣ쯦ퟅ톡냎맙샴뗄맺쫔(뫳캪뿆뻙)훆뛈뗄돶쿖,뛁뺭ퟶ맙튲뻍돉캪훐맺뛁쫩죋(믲뺫펢)믱뗃짧믡쿲짏쇷뚯뗄늻뛾램쏅ꋜꆣ죧듋튻살,퇐뛁뺭쫩뇤뗃럇뎣ꆰ폐샻뿉춼ꆱ,뛸퇐뺿뿆벼퓲ꆰ컞샻뿉믱ꆱꋝꆣ룼퓣룢뗄쫇,평폚뛔ꆰ훃뮻킧펦ꆱ뗄뿖뻥,훐맺뗄맙샴쏇ꆪꆪꆪ쯻쏇튻냣뚼쫇틲캪뺫춨뺭쫩닅떱짏맙뗄,쎻쪲쎴뿆톧벼쫵횪쪶ꋞꆪꆪꆪ짨솢쇋튻헻쳗럀횹뿆톧볒뫍벼쫵죋닅쿲짏쇷뚯뗄훆뛈ꆣ퓚헢훖훆뛈쿂,ힷ쟳뿆벼횪쪶뗄죋늻뷶늻믡틲웤듏쏷닅훇뛸뗃떽맺볒뗄붱짍,좴룼폐뿉쓜틲캪ꆰ떢폚웦벼틹쟉ꆱ퓢쫜돍랣ꋟꆣ뷡맻횻쓜폫ꆰ닅쓜엤훃샭싛ꆱ쯹풤닢뗄튻훂:훐뮪뗛맺짧믡훐벸뫵쯹폐ퟮ뷜돶뗄죋닅뚼ퟮ훕놻컼틽떽ힷ쟳쓇킩ꆰ컞킧떫쫇폐샻뿉춼ꆱ뗄뛁뺭쾰쪷짏쏦좥쇋,쿠ꋙAlfredMarshall,PrinciplesofEconomics,.ꋚAlfredMarshall,.,.ꋛJustinYifuLin,TheNeedhamPuzzle:WhytheIndustrialRevolutionDidNotOriginateinChina,EconomicDevelopmentandCulturalChange,,.();JosephNeedham,TheGrandTitration,ScienceandSocietyinEastandWest,Toronto:UniversityofTorontoPress,1969.ꋜPing2TiHo,TheLadderofSuccessinImperialChina:AspectsofSocialMobility,1368ꆪ:ColumbiaUniversityPress,1962,.ꋝGungwuWang,(ed.),WhoRulesthePast?Melbourne:OxfordUniversity,1985.쯹틔쯎펦탇퓚웤ꆶ쳬릤뾪컯ꆷ(1637쓪)뗄탲훐싺잻럟뗘킴뗀:ꆰ?듳튵컄죋웺훀낸춷!듋쫩폚릦쏻뷸좡뫁늻쿠맘튲ꆣꆱꋞEtienneBalazs,ChineseCivilizationandBureaucracy,.,NewHavenandLondon:YaleUniversityPress,1964,;Hsia2tungFei,ChinapisGentry,Chicago:UniversityofChicagoPress,1953,ꆪ74.ꋟJosephNeedham,TheGrandTitration,ScienceandSocietyinEastandWest,.쫂쪵짏,릫풪645쓪(헪맛쪮뻅쓪)뗄뚬쳬,떱틗훝쮾십돂풪ꆡ(춨맽퓚컝샯징쒾첿)랢쏷쇋컂쫒,듓뛸퓚훐맺놱랽뗄뚬쳬엠폽돶탂쿊쫟닋뫍쮮맻늢냑쯼쏇뺴쿗룸쳆첫ퟚ(헢캻놻릫죏캪훐맺샺쪷짏쮼쿫ퟮ캪뾪럅뗄믊뗛)쪱,돂풪ꆡ늻뷶쎻폐믱뗃볎붱,뛸쟒솢벴퓢떽춴돢늢놻붵벶,풭틲쫇쯻쫔춼폃ꆰ웦벼틹쟉ꆱ좡퓃믊짏(ꆶ훎춨본ꆷ뻭198)!ꆤ94ꆤ' 1994-2014 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
짧믡쇷뚯ꆢ뗘캻쫐뎡폫뺭볃퓶뎤뇈횮쿂,뫜짙폐ퟮ뷜돶뗄죋닅풸틢첽쟳뿆톧뫍벼쫵횪쪶ꋙꆣ틲듋,ퟔ듓컷몺뚭훙쫦ꆰ뛀ퟰ죥쫵ꆱ뫳뾪쪼,훐뮪뗛맺훰늽좷솢쇋뛔ힷ쟳뿆벼횪쪶뗄죋쪿뗄쾵춳탔웧쫓:헢훖웧쫓쾵춳뛸돖뻃,펰쿬튲뻍룼캪짮풶,룼뻟퓖쓑탔ꆣ뫍훐뮪뗛맺뛔뿆벼죋닅뗄쾵춳웧쫓떼훂퓖쓑탔뫳맻탎돉쿊쏷뛔헕뗄샽ퟓ쫇,릤튵룯쏼잰뗄펢맺춨맽맄샸쓇킩뛔짧믡뢣샻폐믽벫릱쿗뗄짌튵뷗닣쿲짏쇷뚯,ퟮ훕듙돉펢맺뗄릤튵룯쏼뫍뺭볃랱죙ꆣ퓚짧믡쇷뚯쟾뗀랽쏦,16쫀볍틔잰뗄펢맺뫍뇰뗄뒫춳짧믡늢컞늻춬ꆣ떱쪱뗄맺볒뫍뷌믡뚼냤늼쇋램쇮,늻맄샸짵훁ퟨ낭늢럀횹짧믡쇷뚯ꆣ퓚떱쪱,쿂닣뗄죋쏇쿲짏쇷뚯뗄뗀슷횻폐솽쳵:뷸죫뷌믡쫂럮,믲헟퓚풰샯캪쇬훷횱뷓럾컱ꆣ좻뛸,퓚틁샶즯냗춳훎웚볤,쟩뿶랢짺쇋뇤뮯ꆣ쓇쪱뫲,맺볒훕폚뾪쪼쒬탭(짵훁맄샸)짌죋쿈쫇춨맽뺭짌퓙쫇춨맽릺훃뗘닺쿲짏쇷뚯(헢퇹튲뻍뇤돉쇋맳ퟥ)ꆣ퓚햲쒷쪿튻쫀춳훎훐웚,짌튵틑뺭돉캪ꆰ튻룶뿉틔춨듯룼폐짹췻뗄뗘캻뗄룟뗘ꆱꋚꆣꆰ뛔폚틑뺭펵폐벼쓜ꆢ놾믲헟웳튵볒뺫짱뗄죋살쮵,헢쫇튻룶폐ퟅ뿕잰믺믡뗄쪱듺ꆱꋛꆣퟮ훕,짌튵뷗닣죕틦퓶뛠뗄쿲짏쇷뚯쪹뗃쯻쏇(폈웤쫇듳컷퇳쎳틗짌죋)퓚펢맺틩풺뗄쾯캻훰붥퓶볓ꆣ맺믡훐짌죋샻틦듺뇭뗄퓶볓ퟮ훕뛔튻쾵쇐뗄훆뛈룄룯랢믓쇋훘튪ퟷ폃,뛸헢킩훆뛈뇤룯ퟮ훕캪릤튵놾훷틥짧믡뗄탎돉뗬뚨쇋믹뒡ꋜꆣ틲듋,춨맽퓊탭짌죋뷗닣쿲짏쇷뚯,펢맺퓧퓚ꆰ맢죙룯쏼ꆱ횮잰뻍놣돖쇋뺭볃퓶뎤ꆣꆰ퓚릤튵뮯뗄춷솽룶뷗뛎,펢맺짧믡럖닣뗄쿔훸쇷뚯탔,평폚벤랢쇋룶죋뗄훷뚯탔,컞틉뛔릤튵뗄탋쪢ퟶ돶쇋훘튪릱쿗ꆱꋝꆣ뛸ꆰ죧맻쎻폐헢킩짧믡쇷뚯쒣쪽뗄룄뇤,뻍늻뿉쓜폐1584ꆪ1640쓪볤릤튵놾훷틥뗄뿬쯙랢햹ꆱꋞꆣ퓚1960쓪듺,탭뛠볒뚼풤퇔뚫퇇뗄랢햹잰뺰붫늻죧풴럡뢻뗄삭쏀ꆣ헢퇹튻살,뚫퇇뫍삭쏀맺볒퓚뛾햽뫳탎돉뗄잿쇒뛔뇈뻍뛔뺭볃톧뫍뺭볃톧볒릹돉쇋튻룶훘듳쓑쳢ꆣ탂맅뗤뺭볃톧뗄뷢쫍ꆪꆪꆪ뚫퇇웦벣뫜듳돌뛈짏쫇평컯훊놾뗄춶죫쟽뚯뗄ꆪꆪꆪ벸뫵쫇췪좫듭컳뗄ꋟꆣ슬뾨쮹뗄쮵램,벴뚫퇇웦벣쫇춨맽뇟톧뇟룉탎돉뗄죋솦놾믽샛뗄뷡맻,룸죋틔웴랢,떫늢늻쫇헦헽뗄듰낸ꋠꆣ죧맻뚫퇇뿉틔춨맽뇟톧뇟룉믽샛죋솦놾,캪쪲쎴퓚삭쏀뻍늻쓜쓘?룼뷸튻늽쮵,캪쪲쎴죋솦놾뗄믽샛횻랢짺퓚뚫퇇뗄튻킩맺볒(벴쯄킡뮢),좴쎻폐퓚웤쯻맺볒,죧럆싉뇶돶쿖?춨맽짏쫶쳖싛,컒쏇뿉틔틢쪶떽퓚헢솽룶뗘쟸뷘좻늻춬뗄랢햹뗀슷놳뫳뗄튻룶훘튪풭틲쓋ꋙJustinYifuLin,TheNeedhamPuzzle:WhytheIndustrialRevolutionDidNotOriginateinChina,ꆪ85.ꋚ,SocialMobilityandEconomicGrowth:,,(),.ꋛ,,,(Autumn1976),.ꋜDaronAcemoglu,SimonJohnson,,TheRiseofEurope:AtlanticTrade,InstitutionalChange,andEconomicGrowth,NBERWorkingPaper9378();헅폮퇠ꆢ룟돌:ꆶ쏀훞뷰틸뫍컷랽쫀뷧뗄웰ꆷ,ꆶ짧믡뿆톧햽쿟ꆷ2004쓪뗚1웚ꆣꋝ,SocialMobilityandPhasesofIndustrialization,.ꋞ,SocialMobilityandEconomicGrowth:ARenaissanceExample,.ꋟ,TheAsianMiracleandModernGrowthTheory,EconomicJournal,,(July1999);,SomeMethodologicalProblemswiththeNeo2classicalAnalysisoftheEastAsianMiracle,CambridgeJournalofEconomics,,2003.ꋠ.,,,().ꆤ95ꆤ' 1994-2014 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
훐맺짧믡뿆톧ꆡ2006쓪뗚3웚쫇쯼쏇퓚짧믡쇷뚯쟾뗀짏뗄닮틬ꆣ퓚뚫퇇,쳘뇰쫇쓇킩죥볒쮼쿫뷾틹뷏짮뗄맺볒,쪼훕듦퓚튻훖톧뛸폅퓲쫋뗄뒫춳ꋙꆣ춨맽뷌폽믱뗃쿲짏짧믡쇷뚯뗄뿆뻙훆뛈퓧뻍듦퓚ꆣ쯹틔,퓚쯼쏇뺭볃쳚량횮잰,퓊탭뫍맄샸짧믡쇷뚯뗄훆뛈믹뒡퓧뻍뻟놸쇋ꆣ쿠탎횮쿂,퓚삭쏀탭뛠맺볒,좨솦뫍쳘좨튻횱평튻룶쿠뛔럢뇕(컈뚨)뗄뺫펢뷗벶냑돖ꆣ뛔헢킩맺볒훐뗄뺫펢살쮵,춨맽럢쯸짧믡쇷뚯쟾뗀뛸뺡뿉쓜복짙헾훎뇤뮯뗄쒿뇪튪폅쿈폚듙뷸뺭볃퓶뎤ꆣ틲듋,삭쏀맺볒뗄훆뛈낲업룼잿뗷뷗벶ꆢ맳ퟥ돶짭뫍퓧웚뷸죫(earlierentry)ꋚꆣ헢킩훆뛈낲업늻맄샸짧믡쇷뚯,뛸쟒쯼쏇듦퓚훁뷱ꋛꆣ삭쏀짧믡쯆뫵쿝죫쇋튻룶돖탸뗄뗍짧믡쇷뚯ꆢ룟뛈늻욽뗈ꆢ뺭볃뗍쏔짵훁뇀삣뗄맖좦ꋜꆣ퓚듳훚뷌폽닣쏦짏,뫍뚫퇇맺볒춨뎣냑룼뛠뗄풴폃폚돵벶뷌폽늻춬,삭쏀튻횱룼욫쿲룟뗈뷌폽,헢랴펳돶웤뷌폽헾닟튻횱폐잿쇒뗄뺫펢훷틥욫쿲ꋝꆣ헽죧탭뛠죋횸돶뗄쓇퇹,헢퇹뗄뺫펢훷틥뷌폽쳥훆뛔뺭볃랢햹쫇폐몦뗄,틲캪쯼믡샋럑첫뛠죋닅ꆣ짧믡쇷뚯쟾뗀뗄닮틬튲쓜늿럖뷢쫍쇭튻룶랢짺퓚뚫퇇뗘쟸뗄쳬좻쪵퇩ꆪꆪꆪ몫맺뫍럆싉뇶뗄늻춬쏼퓋ꆣ슬뾨쮹퓸뺭잿뗷맽뛾헟뗄쟸뇰,떫쎻폐룸돶헦헽뗄뷢쫍ꋞꆣ1960쓪,몫맺뫍럆싉뇶벸뫵햾퓚쿠춬뗄웰엜쿟짏ꆣ뛸쟒,럆싉뇶펵폐뇈몫맺럡뢻뗃뛠뗄ퟔ좻풴,쯼튲쎻폐쿱몫맺쓇퇹뺭샺맽믙쏰탔햽헹ꆣ좻뛸,40쓪뫳,솽맺횮볤뗄닮뻠틑뺭쫇쳬죀횮뇰:몫맺쿖퓚컈뻓랢듯맺볒횮쇐,뛸럆싉뇶뗄뺭볃랢햹짵훁뮹실뫳폚첩맺ꆣ룹뻝짏쫶쳖싛,컒쏇춬퇹뿉틔죏캪럆싉뇶실뫳뗄튻룶뿉쓜풭틲쫇웤짧믡좱짙쇷뚯ꆣ몫맺맄샸춨맽룶죋돉뻍뷸탐짧믡쇷뚯,뛸럆싉뇶퓲쿱쯼틁뇈샻퇇뗄횳쏱쒸맺튻퇹,잿뗷뗄쫇뷗벶ꆢ짭럝뫍맳ퟥ돶짭ꆣ펡뛈뗄뺭볃실뫳춬퇹튲뿉틔폃쿠쯆뗄싟벭살늿럖뗘뷢쫍ꆣ퓚펡뛈,믹폚훖탕훆뛈ꆢ늿ퟥꆢ뷗벶뫍훖ퟥ뗄웧쫓죔뻉쿠떱잿듳,헢킩웧쫓뚼퇏훘ퟨ낭짧믡쇷뚯ꆣ뛸펡뛈뗄뷌폽헾닟훐튲춬퇹폐잿쇒뗄뺫펢훷틥욫쿲ꋟꆣꋙ헢킩맺볒폐냼삨룛냄첨퓚쓚뗄훐맺ꆢ죕놾ꆢ뎯쿊ꆢ탂볓웂ꆢ몫맺뫍풽쓏ꆣ첩맺튲폐뗣햴뇟ꆣ떫럆싉뇶쿔좻늻쫇헢룶좦ퟓ샯뗄ꆣ뇘탫횸돶튻뗣:퓚컷랽쇐잿떽살횮잰,죥볒횻잿뗷듓맅듺뺭쫩훐톧쾰ꆣꋚ,HistoryLessons:Institutions,FactorEndowments,,,(Summer2000),ꆪ228.ꋛ,SkinColor,RacialIdentities,,,(May1998).ꋜ,SocialMobilityinLatinAmerica;JuanLuisLondonoandMiguelSzekely,PersistentPovertyandExcessInequality:LatinAmerica,1970ꆪ1995,JournalofAppliedEconomics,,(May2000);DaniRodrik,WhereDidalltheGrowthGo?ExternalShocks,SocialConflict,andGrowthCollapses.ꋝ,VoiceandGrowth:WasChurchillRight?샽죧,1985쓪,캯쓚죰삭냑43%뗄뷌폽풤쯣뚼뮨퓚쇋룟뛈뷌폽짏,뛸퓚몫맺,헢룶쫽ퟖ뷶햼10%,볻쫀뷧틸탐(1993),ꆪ203ꆣꋞ.,TheMakingofaMiracle.ꋟ,VoiceandGrowth:WasChurchillRight,.퓚쿠떱뎤뗄쪱볤샯,훐맺뗄뷌폽훆뛈뚼쫇튻룶쏦쿲욽쏱듳훚뗄훆뛈,헢튲헽쫇훐맺뗄죋솦놾믽샛뫍죋컄랢햹횸쫽튪뇈펡뛈뫃뗃뛠뗄훘튪풭틲횮튻ꆣ떫쫇,훐맺퓚1990쓪듺뫳뗄뷌폽ꆰ닺튵뮯ꆱ룄룯쪹놾살뺫펢훷틥즫닊뷏떭뗄훐맺뷌폽쳥쾵튲뇤뗃쿠떱뺫펢훷틥쇋(뇈죧,죧맻ퟷ헟돶짺퓚15쓪잰뗄뮰,뿖엂쫇짏늻쇋듳톧뗄)ꆣ뿉틔풤볆,헢튻헾닟뛔뺭볃퓶뎤뗄뢺쏦펰쿬붫퓚캴살쿔쿖돶살(뿉틔쮵,훐맺퓚1990쓪듺뫳뗄뷌폽닺튵뮯쪹뗃탭뛠돶짭욶몮뗄몢ퟓ컞램쫜떽룼뛠뫍룼뫃뗄뷌폽,뗈폚샋럑쇋탭뛠돶짭욶몮뗄쳬닅)ꆣ쯹탒뗄쫇,훐맺헾ꆤ96ꆤ' 1994-2014 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
짧믡쇷뚯ꆢ뗘캻쫐뎡폫뺭볃퓶뎤죏쪶떽짧믡쇷뚯뛔뺭볃퓶뎤뗄펰쿬,컒쏇뮹뿉틔룼뫃뗘샭뷢훐맺뷼쓪살뗄뺭퇩ꆣ퓚훐뮪죋쏱릲뫍맺돉솢틁쪼,맺볒럏돽쇋쮽폐웳튵,짌죋뗘캻늻룟ꆣ떫퓚룄룯뾪럅틔살,짧믡쇷뚯뗄쟾뗀뾪쪼쿲짌튵뺫펢쏇뾪럅ꆣ퓚컄뮯닣쏦짏,훂뢻튲늻퓙뿉뇉,랴돉캪튻훖ꆰ맢죙ꆱꆣ춬쪱퓚훆뛈짏,훐맺릲닺떳ퟮ뷼쳡돶쇋ꆰ죽룶듺뇭ꆱ훘튪쮼쿫살맄샸탂뢻뷗닣죫떳,듓뛸쪹쯻쏇쓜릻돉캪뗘캻쫐뎡훐좨솦뺫펢뗄튻늿럖ꋙꆣ뷡ꆡꆡ폯뎤웚틔살,탂맅뗤뺭볃톧뫍탂훆뛈뺭볃톧뚼첫맽맘힢컯훊쫐뎡,뛸뫶쫓쇋퇇떱ꆤ쮹쏜뗄튻룶룹놾탔뚴달,벴짧믡뗘캻(믲쮵탩죙탄)춬퇹쫇쟽뚯룶죋탐캪뗄잿듳뚯솦ꆣ춬쪱,짧믡톧룼맘탄뗄폖쫇죧뫎뷢쫍짧믡쇷뚯ꆣ뷡맻,뛔ꆰ짧믡쇷뚯쟾뗀쫇뺭볃퓶뎤횮훆뛈믹뒡뗄튻룶훘튪랽쏦ꆱ헢튻뿉쓜탔튻횱좱랦짮죫뗄첽쳖ꆣ붫맘폚짧믡쇷뚯뛔뺭볃퓶뎤횮펰쿬뗄탭뛠쇣즢맛뗣헻뫏떽튻룶룼볓폐믺뗄뿲볜쓚,춬쪱냑짧믡쇷뚯뛔뺭볃퓶뎤뗄펰쿬폃룼볓뺭볃톧뗄쫵폯뇭듯돶살,퓙볓짏냑짧믡늻쇷뚯뗄랶캧삩듳떽냼삨훖ퟥ쟥쾴뫍웤쯻컂뫍튻뗣뗄짧믡웧쫓퓚쓚뗄쯹폐탎쪽뗄웧쫓,컒쏇뗄쳖싛뇭쏷,짧믡쇷뚯쟾뗀,믲헟쮵뗷뷚뗘캻쫐뎡훐벤샸뷡릹뗄훆뛈쳥쾵,쫇뺭볃퓶뎤횮훆뛈믹뒡훐뗄튻룶맘볼캬뛈ꆣ뛸쟒,퓚죏쪶떽뫍닺좨뗷뷚컯훊쫐뎡훐뗄벤샸뷡릹쿠샠쯆,짧믡쇷뚯쟾뗀튲뗷뷚뗘캻쫐뎡훐뗄벤샸뷡릹횮뫳,컒쏇뮹뾼달쇋솽룶쫐뎡횮볤뗄뮥뚯틔벰쯼쏇뗄뮥뚯쫇퓵퇹펰쿬뺭볃퓶뎤믲뺭볃춣훍뗄ꆣ쿔좻,컒쏇뗄쳖싛뛔캴살뗄퇐뺿좷솢쇋튻룶탂뗄랽쿲:컒쏇펦룃룼뛠맘힢뗷뷚짧믡쇷뚯뗄훆뛈낲업믹뒡(뇈죧ퟨ낭짧믡쇷뚯뗄뇚생),뛸늻쫇짧믡쇷뚯싊놾짭ꆣ룼뷸튻늽쮵,컒쏇탨튪뛈솿폐맘짧믡쇷뚯뗄훆뛈낲업뗄훊솿,폐쇋헢퇹튻룶뛈솿틔뫳,뻍뿉틔폃뿧맺퓶뎤믘맩럖컶살뷸튻늽퇐뺿짧믡쇷뚯쟾뗀뫍뺭볃퓶뎤횮볤뗄맘쾵ꆣ뛔듙뷸뺭볃퓶뎤뫍랢햹살쮵,컒쏇뗄쳖싛튲폐훘튪뗄헾닟틢몭,뛸쟒헢튻헾닟틢몭쫇횱뷘쇋떱뗄,벴죎뫎뛔뫏램뗄짧믡쇷뚯뗄ퟨ낭(믲헟쮵웧쫓)뚼쫇늻샻폚뺭볃퓶뎤뗄,틲캪쯼뗈폚붫튻룶맺볒뗄죋뿚복냫짵훁룼퓣ꆣ쯹틔,쎿룶맺볒뚼펦룃쿻돽웧쫓,헢럻뫏쯼ퟔ짭뗄샻틦ꆣ퓚헢튻뗣짏,ꆰ샻틦뫍뗀뗂쫇튻훂뗄ꆱꋚꆣꆲ놾컄퓰죎뇠벭:샮듦쓈ꆳꋙ뢮뷏뿬뗘틢쪶떽쇋헢튻컊쳢,늢쟒듓2003쓪웰뾪쪼ퟅ쫖뻀헽헢튻퇏훘쪧컳ꆣꋙꆡ듓룹놾짏쮵,훐맺헾뢮헽퓚ퟶ뗄뫍펢맺퓚17ꆢ18쫀볍쯹ퟶ뗄쫇춬튻볾쫂:퓊탭탂탋짌튵뺫펢좡뗃뫏램뗄짧믡뗘캻뫍헾훎좨샻ꆣꋚAlexdeTocqueville,DemocracyinAmerica,.ꆤ97ꆤ' 1994-2014 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
훐맺짧믡뿆톧ꆡ2006쓪뗚3웚realestateequilibriumpriceandthefluctuationinrealestatepriceswiththeco2integrationtheoryandH2Pfilter,,,thispaperstudiestheinteractionbetweentherealestatemarketandtheeconomywithatime2varyingmodelandvectorauto2regressionmodel,,.(7)SocialMobility,PositionalMarketandEconomicGrowth:AnInstitutionalReinterpretationTangShipingꆤ85ꆤThechannelsofsocialmobility,orinotherwordstheinstitutionalarrangementsunderpinningsocialmobility,areacriticaldimensionoftheoverallinstitutionalfoundationofeconomicgrowth,ꆰsocialimmobilityꆱtoallformsofdiscrimination,fromethniccleansingtogenderandagediscrimination,,aswellastheirimpactsoneconomicandsocialdevelopment,mayfacilitateourunderstandingoftheevolutionofhumansociety.(8)RisingReturnstoEducationinRuralChinaZhaoLitaoꆤ98ꆤThisstudyexaminestherateofreturntoeducationinruralChina,,thisstudyfindsaremarkablechangeinthe1990sꆪ,whichcreatesenormousupwardmobilityopportunities,,,,invillageswhereoff2farmemploymentiswidespread,,,changesmaybeoccurringincoastalareas.(9)AssociationalCooperationandtheOrganicSolidarityofChineseCivilSocietyGaoBingzhongꆤ110ꆤBasedonthefactthattheChineseassociationsrealizeindividualorcommongoalsthroughcooperationamongthemselvesandwithotherorganizations,thepaperusesDurkheimpisꆰorganicsolidarityꆱtoidentifythedevelopmentofcivilsocietyincurrentChinabyviewingassociationalcooperationcharacteristicsasself2determinedgoals,independence,freewillcooperationandevenꆤ206ꆤ' 1994-2014 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
