탍샍뚯솦쫐뎡뗄럖닣폫뺺헹Ξꆪꆪꆪ뷡뫏커몺뗄쪵횤럖컶퇮퓆퇥ꆡ돂뷰폀놾컄뷡뫏커몺뗄쪵횤럖컶,죏캪췢살샍뚯솦뫍놾뗘샍뚯솦뗄쫕죫뻶뚨듦퓚쏷쿔뗄럖닣,뮧뿚뗇볇ힴ뿶벰떥캻탔훊뗈뛔샍뚯솦뗄(릤)쫕죫닺짺ퟅ쿔훸뗄펰쿬ꆣ쯤좻헢훖럖닣볌탸퓚튻뚨돌뛈짏뛔돇쫐샍뚯솦웰ퟅ놣뮤ퟷ폃,떫쯼춬쪱틢캶ퟅ,쯦샍뚯솦쫐뎡뗄늻뛏뾪럅,췢살샍뚯솦쯹뻟폐뗄뗍돉놾폅쫆,붫뛔놾뗘샍뚯솦뻍튵닺짺뺺헹폫쳦듺킧펦ꆣ쇭튻랽쏦,돇쫐샍뚯솦쫐뎡뗄놣뮤탔헾닟,떼훂샍뚯솦돉놾뗄쾵춳탔닮틬,퓚뫜듳돌뛈짏쿷죵쇋맺폐웳튵뒴퓬뻍튵뗄쓜솦틔벰놾뗘샍뚯솦퓚뾪럅탔샍뚯솦쫐뎡훐뗄뺺헹쓜솦ꆣ맘볼듊ꆡ탍샍뚯솦쫐뎡ꆡ잨틆ꆡ럖닣ꆡ쫕죫ퟷ헟퇮퓆퇥,1963쓪짺,훐쓏닆뺭듳톧뺭볃톧풺뷌쫚;돂뷰폀,1957쓪짺,뮪쪢뛙듳톧뗘샭쾵뷌쫚(KamWingChan,UniversityofWashington,Seattle)ꆣ튻ꆢ퇐뺿놳뺰샍뚯솦쇷뚯쫇뗷뷚쟸폲틔벰탐튵볤샍뚯솦릩쟳맘쾵뗄훘튪탎쪽ꆣ튻냣살뾴,샍뚯솦쇷뚯뗄훷튪풭틲살ퟔ폚죋뿚뺭볃퓶뎤뗄늻욽뫢맽돌ꆢ벼쫵뷸늽틔벰닺튵뷡릹뇤뚯떼훂뗄샍뚯솦뷡릹탔쪣폠믲뛌좱ꆣ죋뿚퓶뎤맽뿬믲맽뮺,붫룄뇤샍뚯솦뗄릩쟳ힴ뿶,죧맻뺭볃퓶뎤뛔샍뚯솦뗄탨쟳늻쓜쯦횮룄뇤,붫떼훂샍뚯솦릩쟳쪧뫢(퓚쫐뎡탅뫅훐붫뇭쿖캪샍뚯솦볛룱뗄짏짽믲쿂붵),듓뛸듲웆뗘쟸볤믲탐튵볤샍뚯솦볛룱뗄쿠뛔뻹쫆,떼훂샍뚯솦뗄훘탂엤훃벴쇷뚯ꆣ퓚췪좫뺺헹뗄샍뚯솦쫐뎡짏,헽쫇샍뚯솦뗄늻뛏쇷뚯,쪹샍뚯솦쫐뎡쟷폚뻹뫢ꆣ떫샭싛뫍쪵횤퇐뺿뇭쏷,평폚럇쫐뎡탔틲쯘뗄웕뇩듦퓚,샍뚯솦쇷뚯췹췹뫜쓑듯떽쫐뎡뻹뫢,쒳킩뻟폐쿠춬훖ퟥ믲쏱ퟥ쳘탔(race2ethnic)뗄죋좺쟣쿲폚벯훐퓚짙쫽늿쏅(sector)믲횰캻(occupation)훐ꆣ뒫춳뗄샍뚯솦릩쟳쒣탍믲죋솦놾쒣탍뗈탂맅뗤럖컶랽램쓑틔뛔헢샠쿖쿳ퟷ돶뫜뫃뗄뷢쫍ꆣ뷡릹럖컶랽램펦퓋뛸짺,훷튪뗄죧샍뚯솦쫐뎡럖닣(segmentation)샭싛ꆣ룃샭싛죏캪평폚짧믡뫍훆뛈탔틲쯘뗄ퟷ폃,탎돉샍뚯솦쫐뎡뗄늿쏅닮틬(Stolzenberg,1975);늻춬죋좺믱뗃샍뚯솦쫐뎡탅쾢뗄춾뺶틔벰뷸죫샍뚯솦쫐뎡뗄쟾뗀뗄닮틬,떼훂늻춬죋좺퓚뻍튵늿쏅ꆢ횰캻틔벰쫕죫쒣쪽짏뗄쏷쿔닮틬,웤훐뇈뷏춻돶뗄럖닣쿖쿳돶쿖퓚훖ퟥꆢ탔뇰폫틆쏱횮볤(Kaufman,1983)ꆣ퓚럖닣샍뚯Ξ놾쿮퇐뺿쫜떽LUCE믹뷰벰쏀맺맺볒뿆톧믹뷰(NSF)훺ꆣ놾컄뗃틦폚폫닌ꆡ뗄뫏ퟷ폫붻쇷,쇵쯾캪놾쿮퇐뺿ퟷ쇋듳솿쫽뻝뒦샭릤ퟷ늢쳡돶폐틦뗄붨틩,퓚헢샯튻늢훂킻ꆣ떱좻,놾컄컄퓰췪좫평ퟷ헟돐떣ꆣꆤ28ꆤ' 1994-2009 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
탍샍뚯솦쫐뎡뗄럖닣폫뺺헹솦쫐뎡훐뗄샍뚯솦맘쾵,뎤웚틔살뚼쫇튻룶쇮뺭볃톧ꆢ짧믡톧뫍죋뿚톧룐탋좤뗄뿎쳢,늢닺짺쇋듳솿컄쿗ꆣ퓚훐맺,폐맘샍뚯솦쇷뚯맦싉벰웤뛔샍뚯솦쫐뎡뗄펰쿬,퓚뫜듳돌뛈짏쫇튻룶좫탂뗄쇬폲ꆣ퓚룟뛈벯훐뗄볆뮮뺭볃쳥훆쿂,샍뚯솦쳘뇰쫇럇얩닺튵늿쏅뗄샍뚯솦뗷엤쓉죫쇋맺볒볆뮮횮훐,듓룹놾짏럱뚨쇋샍뚯솦ퟔ평쇷뚯퓚짺닺튪쯘엤훃훐뗄훘튪ퟷ폃,업돢샍뚯솦쇷뚯뗄튻냣맦싉,틲뛸쿠맘뗄샭싛퇐뺿믹놾짏뒦폚뿕냗ힴ첬ꆣ룄룯뾪럅틔살,쯦ퟅ좫짧믡뗄죋뿚쇷뚯탔늻뛏퓶잿,샍뚯솦쇷뚯ꆢ훷튪쫇얩듥샍뚯솦뗄췢쇷,틑뺭틽웰짧믡뗄맣랺맘힢ꆣ맘힢뗄붹뗣폐튻룶훰늽랢햹뫍짮죫뗄맽돌ꆣ80쓪듺,짧믡뛔죋뿚쇷뚯뗄맘힢훷튪벯훐퓚쇷뚯죋뿚뗄쳘헷벰웤뛔볆뮮짺폽뫍짧믡맜샭뗄펰쿬랽쏦,훷쇷폟싛뛠죏캪쇷뚯죋뿚뛔볆뮮짺폽뫍짧믡훎낲뗈듸살쇋뢺쏦펰쿬ꋙ,헢튻뗣,듓뻸듳뛠쫽쪡벶뫍듳돇쫐뗘랽헾뢮쿠볌랢늼뗄폐맘쇷뚯죋뿚맜샭뗄뗘랽탔램맦훐뿉틔룐쫜뗃떽,웤훘뗣훷튪럅퓚뛔쎻폐놾뗘뮧뿚뗄췢살죋뿚뗄풼쫸랽쏦ꆣ뷸죫90쓪듺틔살,쯦ퟅ듳돇쫐뻍튵탎쫆죕쟷퇏뻾,짧믡뛔쇷뚯죋뿚뗄맘힢룼뛠뗘쿲뻍튵랽쏦ꆣ짧믡폟싛ꆪꆪꆪힼ좷뗘쮵ꆪꆪꆪ돇쫐폟싛쟣쿲폚붫뻍튵톹솦뗄퓶볓맩틲폚췢살샍뚯솦뗄떽살,평듋탎돉잿듳뗄ꆢ늻샻폚췢살샍뚯솦뗄짧믡톹솦,뛔췢살샍뚯솦뗄업돢쿖쿳죕틦볓뻧ꆣ웤춻돶뇭쿖,뻍쫇늻짙뗘쟸ꆢ쳘뇰쫇듳돇쫐럗럗닉좡듫쪩,죧뛔룶죋뫍폃릤떥캻헷쫕럑폃ꆢ튪쟳뻟놸룷샠횤볾ꆢ훆뚩탐튵(룚캻)ힼ죫쒿슼ꆢ훆뚩뗘랽탔램맦틔벰춻믷탔뗄ꆰ쟥췋ꆱ뗈,살쿞훆쎻폐놾뗘뮧뿚뗄췢살샍뚯솦뷸죫놾뗘샍뚯솦쫐뎡ꆣ뛔췢살샍뚯솦뗄업돢,퓚뫜듳돌뛈짏믹폚헢퇹튻룶쿖쪵:퓚듳돇쫐놾뗘횰릤쿂룚죕쟷춻돶뗄춬쪱,췢살샍뚯솦좴햼뻝ퟅ풽살풽뛠뗄룚캻,웤쫽솿췹췹뎬맽놾뗘쿂룚횰릤쫽솿ꆣ평듋닺짺뗄튻룶볲떥싟벭뻍쫇,죧맻냑쒿잰평췢살샍뚯솦쯹햼뻝뗄룚캻틆룸놾뗘쿂룚횰릤,뻍ퟣ틔뷢뻶쿂룚릤죋퓙뻍튵뗄컊쳢ꆣ헢튲헽쫇늻짙돇쫐헽퓚닉좡뗄튻룶ퟶ램,벴쯹캽ꆰ쳚쇽뮻쓱ꆱꆣ뺿뺹췢살샍뚯솦뛔돇쫐샍뚯솦뻍튵폫뺭볃랢햹닺짺쇋쪲쎴펰쿬?샍뚯솦쇷뚯뗄뫏샭탔펦룃퓚쪲쎴퇹뗄샭싛폫볛횵뿲볜쓚살움볛?펦룃쮵,컒쏇뛔헢랽쏦뗄죏쪶쫇퇏훘늻ퟣ뗄ꆣ퓚뫜듳돌뛈짏,헽쫇퇐뺿짏뗄훍뫳,떼훂쇋짧믡뛔췢살샍뚯솦뗄쎤쒿업돢,늢펰쿬떽뻍튵헾닟뗄뫏샭탔뫍폐킧탔ꆣ쯦ퟅ컒맺룄룯뗄뷸튻늽짮죫뫍맺쓚췢뺭볃뮷뺳뇤뮯ꆢ쳘뇰쫇퓚볓죫WTO뗄톹솦쿂,듳맦쒣뗄샍뚯솦풴훘탂엤훃붫늻뿉뇜쏢,듳솿얩듥샍뚯솦붫췑샫뒫춳얩튵,쿠떱늿럖붫틔늻춬탎쪽뷸죫듳돇쫐,떼훂듳돇쫐샍뚯솦쫐뎡뺺헹뗄뷸튻늽볓뻧ꆣ죧뫎움볛샍뚯솦쇷뚯뛔듳돇쫐샍뚯솦쫐뎡뗄펰쿬,첽쳖헻뫏돇쿧샍뚯솦쫐뎡뗄헾닟좡쿲,틑뺭돉캪튻룶뻟폐훘튪뛸뷴웈헾닟틢틥뗄퇐뺿뿎쳢ꆣ뛾ꆢ샍뚯솦쫐뎡럖닣폫뻍튵뺺헹:믹놾볙쮵룄룯뾪럅틔살훐맺뗄튻룶훘튪짧믡뺭볃쿖쿳뻍쫇죋뿚쇷뚯탔늻뛏퓶잿,쳘뇰쫇ퟔ랢탔뗄샍뚯솦쇷뚯퓶뎤폈뿬ꆣ1982쓪뗚죽듎죋뿚웕닩훐,ꆰ뮧뿚퓚췢뗘ꆱ뗄죋뿚쫽캪65715췲,햼ퟜ죋뿚ꋙ떫폐맘죋뿚쇷뚯뛔볆뮮짺폽뫍짧믡훎낲뗄펰쿬,훁뷱뮹쎻폐뾴떽폐쮵럾솦뗄뷡싛ꆣ쫗쿈,쇷뚯죋뿚뗄짺폽싊쮮욽뫍쟷쫆,퓚뛠듳돌뛈짏늻춬폚쇷죫뗘?헢훖닮틬쫇럱폫쯻쏇늻쓜폐킧뗘죚죫쇷죫뗘짧쟸폐맘?웤듎,폫쇷돶뗘폐뫎닮틬?튻냣살쮵,잨틆뿉떼훂뷡믩쓪쇤췆동ꆢ럲웞럖뻓뗈,횱뷓믲볤뷓붵뗍짺폽싊ꆣ죧맻죋뿚쇷뚯쾵춳탔뗘붵뗍쇋헢늿럖죋뿚뗄짺폽쮮욽,듓헻쳥짏뾴,쫇폐샻폚좫짧믡볆뮮짺폽뗄ꆣ늻맽,평폚헢킩컊쳢놾짭쯹뻟폐뗄뢴퓓탔틔벰쇷뚯죋뿚쯹뒦뗄죵쫆뗘캻,헢킩컊쳢죔폐듽폚룼쾵춳ꆢ뿆톧뗄뗷닩뫍퇐뺿ꆣꆤ29ꆤ' 1994-2009 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
훐맺짧믡뿆톧ꆡ2000쓪뗚5웚뗄0166%,1990쓪좫맺퓝힡죋뿚듯216019췲,쫇1982쓪뗄3127놶,1995쓪좫맺1%죋뿚돩퇹뗷닩쇏쿔쪾,ꆰ럇헽쪽잨틆ꆱ죋뿚룼듯4969155췲죋,햼ퟜ죋뿚뗄4102%ꋙ,웤훐놱뺩쫐ꆰ럇헽쪽잨틆ꆱ죋뿚뗄뇈훘듯14117%,짏몣쫐캪11122%,맣뚫쪡캪8157%ꆣ듓얩듥샍뚯솦췢쇷뗄쟩뿶뾴,뻝맀볆,80쓪듺돵웚,좫맺췢돶듲릤뗄얩쏱늻ퟣ200췲죋,ퟔ냋쪮쓪듺훐웚ꆢ쳘뇰쫇뷸죫90쓪듺틔살,얩듥샍뚯솦뿧뗘쟸쇷뚯뗄맦쒣풽살풽듳,맀볆1993쓪듯떽6000췲죋,햼춬웚얩듥샍뚯솦뗄14%ꆣ헢샠죋뿚쇷뚯훷튪쫇뻍튵탍뗄,웤퓚튵돌뛈쿠떱룟ꆣ룄룯뾪럅퓧웚쇷죫돇쫐뗄샍뚯솦,퓚뫜듳돌뛈짏쫇ퟷ캪돇쫐샍뚯솦뗄늹돤솦솿뛸돶쿖뗄ꆣ뎤웚틔살,샍뚯솦쫐뎡돊쿖뛠룶쾵춳쿠뮥럢뇕ꆢ뛀솢퓋탐뗄룱뻖,웤뛠훘럖룮뗄쳘뗣뇭쿖퓚:뗚튻,뮧벮훆뛈냑돇쿧뻓쏱뮮럖돉솽룶퓚좨샻ꆢ틥컱랽쏦늻뛔뗈뗄ꆢ놣헏돌뛈틬뗄짧믡벯췅,맺볒뛔돇쫐죋뿚믺킵퓶뎤쪵탐퇏룱뿘훆,돇쿧샍뚯솦(샭싛짏)퓚룷ퟔ쾵춳쓚ퟔ탐욽뫢ꆣ늻춬뗄뮧뿚쯹퓚뗘믲뮧뿚탔훊,뻶뚨쇋샍뚯솦뷸죫뫎훖늿쏅:듳돇쫐풸틢뷓쓉뗄맜샭뫍벼쫵죋풱,뺭평죋쫂늿쏅뗷엤,쯻쏇벰웤볒쫴뿉틔믱뗃잨죫뗘뮧뿚;웤쯻쓜릻평놾뗘샍뚯솦쫐뎡릩룸뗄룚캻,튲쫇뛔췢뗘ꆢ쳘뇰쫇얩튵뮧뿚샍뚯솦럢뇕뗄,폃릤떥캻뗄샍뚯폃릤볆뮮탨뺭샍뚯죋쫂늿쏅짳엺,늢틔ꆰ놾뗘뮧뿚ꆱ캪뇘놸쳵볾;횻폐짙쫽놾뗘샍뚯솦릩룸늻ퟣ믲헾뢮캴볓룉풤뗄룚캻,닅뿉쓜평췢살샍뚯솦믱뗃ꆣ뮧뿚뮹퓚짧믡놣헏ꆢ뢣샻ꆢ힡랿ꆢퟓ얮죫톧뗈뛠랽쏦탎돉놾뗘뫍췢살샍뚯솦횮볤뗄닮뇰듽폶ꆣ뮧뿚ힴ뿶돉캪듳돇쫐샍뚯솦쫐뎡ힼ죫뗄훘튪믺훆,룹뻝뮧뿚ힴ뿶튲탎돉훘튪뗄횰튵럖닣ꆪꆪꆪ놾뗘샍뚯솦훷튪쇷죫횰튵뛓쇐훐뒦폚뷏룟닣듎뗄늿럖,죧탐헾쫂튵떥캻ꆢ듳훐탍맺폐웳튵ꆢ탂탋럾컱튵뗈,뛸췢살샍뚯솦퓲훷튪쇷죫쓇킩쇙쪱탔뗄ꆢ쫕죫뗍쿂ꆢ쳥솦랱훘ꆢ릤ퟷ쳵볾닮뗄룚캻ꆣ뗚뛾,내짺닺쇏뗄쯹폐훆탎쪽,붫컼쫕뻍튵뗄늿쏅뮮럖캪ꆰ좫쏱ꆱꆢꆰ벯쳥ꆱ뫍ꆰ룶쳥ꆱ뗈샠탍,웤맜샭쳥훆ꆢ좨틦뫍쇷뚯탔폐쏷쿔닮틬,뿧쯹폐훆뗄샍뚯솦쇷뚯쪮럖삧쓑ꆣ퓚헢훖퇏룱뗄샍뚯폃릤쳥쾵훐,뷸죫듳돇쫐뻍튵뗄췢살샍뚯솦,훷튪럖늼폚횰튵뛓쇐쒩뛋ꆢ돇쫐놾뗘샍뚯솦릩룸늻ퟣ뗄탐튵,쯻쏇릹돉뛔놾뗘샍뚯솦쫐뎡뗄훘튪늹돤ꆣ헢훖내헕뮧뿚웁헏탎돉뗄샍뚯솦쫐뎡럖닣쿖쿳,틑뺭틽웰톧쫵뷧뗄힢틢ꆣ퓚짏몣뗄폐맘뗷닩횤쪵,늻짙샍뚯잿뛈뷏듳뗄뒬뎧ꆢ쏞럄뎧뗈뗚튻쿟뗄짺닺릤죋,뛠쪹폃췢살샍뚯솦(헔쏴,1995);탐튵릤훖랽쏦,췢살샍뚯솦훷튪벯훐퓚붨훾폃릤ꆢ짧믡폃릤,틔벰놾뗘샍뚯솦늻풸듓쫂뗄뿠ꆢ퓠ꆢ샛ꆢ훘ꆢ쿕ꆢ폐뚾폐몦ꆢ룟컂뗈릤훖,뗷닩죏캪,췢살샍뚯솦뛔놾뗘샍뚯솦뻍튵쓜닺짺뺺헹뗄뇈훘쿠떱킡(뚡뷰뫪뗈,1995)ꆣ뿉틔쮵,돇쫐샍뚯솦쫐뎡훐놾뗘뫍췢살샍뚯솦뗄훆뛈탔럖닣,틑뺭돉캪튻룶웕뇩듦퓚뗄쿖쪵(퇮퓆퇥,1996)ꆣ놾뗘샍뚯솦뫍췢살샍뚯솦퓚듓튵뷡릹랽쏦뗄닮틬,횻쫇샍뚯솦쫐뎡럖닣뗄튻룶랽쏦ꆣ쯦ퟅ췢살샍뚯솦뻍튵뷡릹뗄늻뛏삩햹뫍샍뚯솦뻍튵쇬폲뗄쿠뮥째춸,솽헟퓚듓튵뷡릹랽쏦뗄닮틬듓ퟜ쳥짏뾴뒦폚훰늽죵뮯뗄첬쫆,뛸짮닣듎뗄샍뚯솦쫐뎡럖닣,붫룼뛠뗘쳥쿖퓚샍뚯쫕죫뗄뻶뚨믺훆랽쏦ꆣ폐맘샍뚯솦쫕죫뻶뚨믺훆뗄훆뛈탔럖닣,튻냣죏캪,퓚뒫춳뗄샍뚯맜샭쳥훆훐,평폚맺폐웳튵돐떣ퟅ놣헏뻍튵뗄짧믡횰쓜,웤퓚쪹폃샍뚯솦랽쏦췹췹컞램떥뒿듓킧싊쒿뇪뾼싇,튲뻍쓑틔놣횤샍뚯솦뫍짺닺쇏뗄폅뮯엤훃,듓뛸펰쿬샍뚯킧싊뫍뺭볃킧틦뗄쳡룟ꆣ평폚뻍튵뗄퓶볓늻쫇뺭볃퓶뎤뗄뷡맻,뛸쫇뎬돶뺭볃퓶뎤쪵볊탨쟳뗄잿훆탔탐캪,뫜뿉쓜떼훂뛔풱릤릤뗄쾵춳탔룟맀(닌ꆡ,1998)ꆣ룼폐듳솿쪵횤퇐뺿뛔헢튻쏼쳢쳡릩횧돖:뻝짏몣뗄뗷닩,죏캪췢살릤뗄샍뚯짺닺싊뇈돇샯릤춨뎣룟돶50%틔짏,볓짏웳튵탨튪캪놾뗘헽쪽뫏춬릤탨뢺떣뗄룷쿮놣헏럑폃,ퟜ뗄쯣살,놾뗘샍뚯솦폫췢살샍뚯솦뗄폃릤돉놾쿠닮풼듯떽5ꇃ1횮뛠(놱듳,ꋙ맘폚퓝힡죋뿚,1995쓪뗷닩뿚뺶뷏횮1990쓪웕닩뿚뺶튪뿭,뛔퓝힡죋뿚쫽튲폐튻뚨펰쿬ꆣꆤ30ꆤ' 1994-2009 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
탍샍뚯솦쫐뎡뗄럖닣폫뺺헹1998)ꆣ퓚쓏뺩뗄폐맘뗷닩죏캪뫏춬릤(헽쪽릤죋)폫쇙쪱릤폃릤돉놾횮뇈캪118ꇃ1(놱듳,1999)ꆣ듓웳튵쓚늿폃릤돉놾뗄뛔뇈뷇뛈,짐늻쓜듓춳볆틢틥짏횧돖샍뚯솦쫐뎡훐쫕죫뻶뚨뗄훆뛈탔럖닣ꆣ틲뛸탨튪톡퓱쓇킩볦폐놾뗘샍뚯솦뫍췢살샍뚯솦닎폫뗄뾪럅탔뻍튵쫐뎡,뾼달웤쫕죫뻶뚨뗄튪쯘,살볬퇩훆뛈탔럖닣뗄ퟷ폃ꆣ놾컄뗄믹놾볙쮵쫇,췢살샍뚯솦뫍놾뗘샍뚯솦뗄쫕죫뻶뚨듦퓚쏷쿔뗄럖닣,뮧뿚뗇볇ힴ뿶벰떥캻탔훊뗈뛔샍뚯솦뗄(릤)쫕죫폐ퟅ쿔훸뗄펰쿬ꆣ쯤좻헢훖럖닣볌탸퓚튻뚨돌뛈짏뛔돇쫐샍뚯솦웰ퟅ놣뮤ퟷ폃,떫쯼춬쪱틢캶ퟅ췢살샍뚯솦붫쯦샍뚯솦쫐뎡뗄늻뛏뾪럅,뛔놾뗘샍뚯솦뻍튵닺짺뺺헹폫쳦듺킧펦ꆣ놾컄붫뷡뫏튻쿮퓚커몺쫐뷸탐뗄뗷닩ꋙ,춨맽춳볆럖컶랽램퇩횤헢튻볙쮵,틔듋캪믹뒡럖컶췢살샍뚯솦뫍놾뗘샍뚯솦뗄뻍튵쳦듺폫뺺헹맘쾵,늢첽쳖웤쓚퓚뗄헾닟몬틥ꆣ죽ꆢ쫽뻝폫쪵횤럖컶커몺ퟷ캪뫾놱쪡쪡믡,뎣뎣돉캪훐췢퇐뺿헟쪵횤퇐뺿뗄뛔쿳,웤훐늻뷶폐웤ꆰ뻅쪡춨ꆱ뗄폅풽뗘샭캻훃뗄풭틲,룼틲웤ퟷ캪훐늿훘튪돇쫐쯹뻟폐뗄듺뇭탔:커몺볦폐웤쯼탭뛠듳돇쫐뗄쳘뗣,폐듳솿췢살샍뚯솦,폐뇈훘뫜듳뗄맺폐듳훐탍웳튵뫍쿂룚릤죋,폐랢듯뗄짌튵뗈뗈,쫇퇐뺿샍뚯솦쇷뚯폫뻍튵컊쳢뗄듺뇭탔돇쫐횮튻ꆣ놾뷚틔퓚커몺뗄뗷닩캪믹뒡쓢쫗쿈뇈뷏놾뗘샍뚯솦뫍췢살샍뚯솦샍뚯(릤)쫕죫뗄닮틬,웤듎춨맽춳볆쒣탍볬퇩쿠맘릤틲쯘뗄ퟷ폃ꆣ내ꆶ커몺춳볆쓪본(1999)ꆷ뗄쇏,커몺쫐1998쓪쒩퓚벮죋뿚731187췲,웤훐돇쟸햼5210%,돇쫐뻓쏱쓪죋뻹뿉횧엤쫕죫5912풪,싔룟폚좫맺돇헲뻓쏱뿉횧엤쫕죫5425풪뗄쮮욽ꆣ1998쓪횰릤쓪욽뻹릤6746풪,웤훐맺폐떥캻횰릤쓪뻹릤7231풪,벯쳥떥캻4405풪,웤쯼뺭볃떥캻7305풪ꆣ뻍튵탎쪽랽쏦,쯤좻1998쓪뗇볇쪧튵싊뷶캪218%,떫쿂룚횰릤ퟜ쫽맀볆퓚30췲ퟳ폒ꆣ춬웚췢살샍뚯솦맀볆퓚70췲죋ퟳ폒ꆣ(튻)놾뗘샍뚯솦뫍췢살샍뚯솦뗄쫕죫닮뇰커몺뗷닩폐맘릤ퟷ쪱볤폫쫕죫ힴ뿶뗄ퟜ쳥뷡맻죧뇭1쯹쪾ꆣ뗷닩쿔쪾,늻춬ퟩ뇰뗄샍뚯솦,웤쫕죫쒣쪽폐쿠떱듳뗄닮틬ꋚꆣ듓퓂쫕죫짏뾴,쫜럃헟욽뻹퓂쫕죫캪68912풪,쿠떱폚쓪쫕죫827014풪,룟폚1998쓪커몺돇쫐뻓쏱쓪죋뻹뿉횧엤쫕죫5912풪뗄쮮욽;럖맍훷뫍맍풱살뾴,ꋙ룃쿮뗷닩닉폃럖닣돩퇹랽램,퓚커몺쫐4룶쟸릲톡좡퇹놾2800룶,믱뗃폐킧컊뻭2600럝ꆣ뗷닩뛔쿳냼삨죽듳늿럖,벴뮧뿚퓚췢뗘뗄샍뚯솦ꆢ퓚맽좥5쓪쓚잨죫커몺쫐늢폐커몺쫐뮧뿚뗄샍뚯솦벰퓚커몺쫐뻓힡15쓪틔짏뗄놾뗘샍뚯솦,웤훐뫳솽샠훷튪ퟷ캪뛔헕퇹놾ꆣ뗷닩쪱뗣캪1998쓪5퓂16죕ꆣ룃쿮뗷닩뗄컊뻭뢲룇룶죋벰볒춥ힴ뿶ꆢ뻍튵ힴ뿶ꆢ잨틆폫쇷뚯맽돌뗈랽쏦릲90룶컊쳢ꆣ퓚놾컄뗄럖컶훐,컒쏇붫헢킩퇹놾내웤뮧뿚벰뻍튵탎쪽럖돉6룶듳샠,벴:NM1,뮧뿚퓚췢뗘뗄샍뚯솦(틔쿂볲돆췢살샍뚯솦),듓쫂폐릤쫕죫뗄릤ퟷ(맍풱);NM2,뮧뿚퓚췢뗘뗄샍뚯솦,듓쫂럇릤쫕죫릤ퟷ,죧튵훷믲룶죋뻍튵뗈(맍훷);HM1,뮧뿚퓚놾뗘ꆢ퓚맽좥5쓪쓚잨죫커몺쫐(틔쿂돆뮧뿚틆쏱)뗄맍풱;HM2,뮧뿚퓚놾뗘ꆢ퓚맽좥5쓪쓚잨죫커몺쫐뗄맍훷;UR1,퓚커몺쫐뻓힡15쓪틔짏늢폐커몺쫐뮧뿚뗄맍풱;UR2,퓚커몺쫐뻓힡15쓪틔짏늢폐커몺쫐뮧뿚뗄맍훷ꆣꋚ샍뚯쫕죫뗄뚨틥뫍춳볆쫇튻쿮뢴퓓뗄릤ퟷꆣ평폚돇헲뻓쏱쫕죫살풴뗄뛠퇹뮯틔벰쫕죫탎쪽뗄뛠퇹탔뫍틾뇎탔,쪹뗃쫕죫뇤솿뫜쓑냑컕ꆣ퓚커몺뗄뗷닩훐,컒쏇붫쫜럃헟내뻍튵탎쪽럖캪맍풱뫍맍훷(냼삨ퟔ컒뻍튵)솽샠럖뇰뗷닩웤쫕죫ꆣ뛔맍풱살쮵,웤뻍튵쫕죫횸좫늿믵뇒쫕죫,냼삨릤뫍붱뷰뗈,늻냼삨떥캻쳡릩뗄힡랿ꆢ럖랢뗄쪵컯벰쳡릩뗄웤쯼뢣샻뗈럇믵뇒쫕죫;뛔맍훷뗷닩뗄쫇뺭펪탔뗄뺻쫕죫ꆣ뫳헟뗄쟩뿶뷏캪뢴퓓,쳘뇰뛔룶쳥뮧ꆢퟔ컒뻍튵죋풱,뺭뎣냑짺믮돉놾뫍튵컱돉놾쿠믬쿽,떫헢튻쫕죫,죔좻뿉쓜폫볒춥럇뢶돪뗄냯릤믬쿽퓚튻웰,듓뛸룟맀룶죋쫕죫ꆣꆤ31ꆤ' 1994-2009 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
훐맺짧믡뿆톧ꆡ2000쓪뗚5웚맍풱퓂쫕죫51516풪,뫏쓪쫕죫618712풪,뫍커몺쫐욽뻹쫕죫쮮욽듳훂쿠떱;맍훷뗄쫕죫쏷쿔룟폚맍풱,뛸쟒웤쓚늿쫕죫닮뻠튲쏷쿔듳폚맍풱,헢뫍튻냣쟩뿶쫇쿠럻뗄ꆣ뛸뫍튻냣풤웚쿠랴뗄쫇,럇뮧뿚틆쏱뗄퓂쫕죫룟폚뮧뿚틆쏱뫍놾뗘뻓쏱ꆣ헢튻쿖쿳뿉틔춨맽뷸튻늽뮮럖맍풱/맍훷살볓틔럖컶,쫂쪵짏,퓚맍풱훐,럇뮧뿚잨틆뗄맍풱쫕죫쏷쿔뗍폚뮧뿚잨틆뫍놾뗘뻓쏱,뛸럇뮧뿚잨틆뗄맍훷폫뮧뿚틆쏱뗄닮뻠퓲늻듳ꆣ뇭11릤ퟷ쪱볤폫쫕죫ힴ뿶(커몺,1998)NMHMUR맍풱맍훷NM1NM2HM1HM2UR1UR2좫늿퇹놾쫽퓂쫕죫10630106781(풪712051516989174821694815533189321655611160613689122706)(841)(431)(1503)(237)(1516)(245)(1125)(220)(709)(228)(4283)(964)ꆡ샍뚯쪱볤6210448127431684717569136541646917742128671254014668137551632729(킡쪱/훜)(1811)(1518)(1310)(1319)(1716)(1419)(1719)(917)(1614)(812)(1614)(1816)ꆡ킡쪱쫕죫3104313631602194317021413169313131533153411731222712(풪)(317)(1175)(1191)(1171)(4159)(1168)(4193)(1150)(2136)(1164)(3130)(3111)ꆡꆡꆡꆡ힢:삨뫅훐뗄쫽뻝캪뇪ힼ닮듓샍뚯쪱볤뾴,뛔맍풱살쮵,췢살샍뚯솦뗄릤ퟷ쪱볤웕뇩룟폚폐뮧뿚뗄샍뚯솦ꆣ듓뇭1뿉틔뾴돶,뮧뿚틆쏱뫍놾뗘뻓쏱훜릤ퟷ쪱볤뚼퓚50킡쪱틔쿂,웤훐맍풱욽뻹릤ퟷ쪱쫽퓚40ꆪ42킡쪱횮볤,내쎿훜5룶릤ퟷ죕볆쯣,풼캪쎿룶릤ퟷ죕8킡쪱싔잿,헢헽쫇샍뚯램맦뚨뫍뻸듳뛠쫽폃죋떥캻쪵탐뗄좫죕훆릤ퟷ쪱볤,랴펳웤퓚릤쪱랽쏦뇈뷏헽맦ꆣ춬퇹쫇맍풱,췢살샍뚯솦내쎿훜5룶릤ퟷ죕볆쯣,욽뻹샍뚯쪱볤뷓뷼11킡쪱,듳듳뎬맽8킡쪱뗄맦뚨ꆣ샍뚯쪱볤뗄랴닮벫웤쿊쏷ꆣ뛸듓맍훷뗄릤ퟷ쪱볤살뾴,뗚튻,맍훷욽뻹릤ퟷ쪱볤쏷쿔뎤폚맍풱,웤듎,릤ퟷ쪱볤퓚럇뮧뿚잨틆ꆢ뮧뿚잨틆뫍놾뗘뻓쏱횮볤뗄닮뇰퓲늻쏷쿔ꆣ췢살샍뚯솦뫍놾뗘샍뚯솦쫕죫뗄닮틬,풭틲뿉쓜쫇뛠랽쏦뗄,쫗쿈,릤쪱뻍쫇튻룶훘튪틲쯘,췢살샍뚯솦뿉쓜틲캪웤뷸죫돇쫐샍뚯솦쫐뎡뗄훷튪뚯믺쫇좡뗃룼뛠뗄쫕죫,믲헟쫇웤쯼틲쯘,뛸쟣쿲폚릤ퟷ룼뎤뗄쪱볤ꆣ춨맽볆쯣떥캻샍뚯쪱볤ꆪꆪꆪ킡쪱쫕죫,뿉틔업돽릤쪱닮틬뛔쫕죫닮틬뗄펰쿬ꆣ듓뇭1뿉틔뾴돶,내쎿킡쪱욽뻹쫕죫살뾴,췢살샍뚯솦ퟮ뗍,웤듎쫇뮧뿚틆쏱뫍놾뗘샍뚯솦ꆣ럖맍풱/맍훷뾴,맍풱횮볤놾뗘샍뚯솦뫍췢살샍뚯솦횮볤뗄닮틬뇈뷏쏷쿔,췢살샍뚯솦떥캻쫕죫ퟮ뗍,놾뗘뻓쏱ퟮ룟;뛔맍훷살쮵,퓲놾뗘샍뚯솦뫍췢살샍뚯솦횮볤뗄닮틬쿠뛔튪킡튻킩ꆣ(뛾)춳볆쒣탍폫닎쫽업돽릤쪱틲쯘뫳랢쿖뗄췢살샍뚯솦뫍놾뗘샍뚯솦쫕죫쮮욽뗄닮틬,죔좻폐뫜뛠훖뿉쓜뗄풭틲,죧췢살샍뚯솦폫놾뗘샍뚯솦퓚쓪쇤ꆢ탔뇰ꆢ컄뮯돌뛈ꆢ뷸죫뗄탐튵믲늿쏅뗈랽쏦뗄닮틬,뚼뿉쓜쫇뻶뚨쫕죫닮틬뗄틲쯘ꆣ캪쇋업돽뻍튵탎쪽뫍탐튵닮틬뗈랽쏦뗄펰쿬,컒쏇뛔뷸죫쒣탍뗄퇹놾뷸탐쇋쿞뚨,횻톡퓱뻍튵탎쪽캪맍풱뗄퇹놾,퓚횰튵룚캻랽쏦,쿞뚨뗍벼쓜ꆢ놾뗘샍뚯솦뫍췢살샍뚯솦릲춬퇹놾뷏뛠뗄횰튵,업돽쇋죴룉훷튪평췢살샍뚯솦믲놾뗘샍뚯솦훷떼뗄횰튵,냼삨릤튵샠뗄붨훾릤(훷튪쫇췢살샍뚯솦)틔벰헻룶튵샠(벼쫵죋풱,맜샭죋풱,컄뮯뷌폽죋풱뗈),탎돉뗄퇹놾뗄횰튵뷡릹죧뇭2쯹쇐ꆣ웤훐,릤튵샠냼삨뮷컀ꆢ럄횯ꆢ러죒ꆢ훆퓬벰웤쯼릤죋;짌튵샠횸폐쪵컯짌욷돶쫛뗄횰튵,냼삨벯쫐쎳틗ꆢ틻쪳ꆢ냙믵ꆢ럾ힰ뗈;럾컱튵훷튪쫇뗍벼쓜뗄럾컱샠릤ퟷ,냼삨볒헾럾컱ꆢ쟚퓓죋풱ꆢ뇶망럾컱뗈,늻냼삨튵벼쫵죋풱,맜샭죋풱뗈,죽샠퇹놾뗄횰튵릹돉뇈뷏뷓뷼,뿉틔뷏뫃뗘뾼달뮧뿚뗇볇ힴ뿶틔벰떥캻탔훊뗈훆뛈탔틲쯘뛔쫕죫뻶뚨뗄펰쿬ꆣꆤ32ꆤ' 1994-2009 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
탍샍뚯솦쫐뎡뗄럖닣폫뺺헹뇭2.믘맩퇹놾뗄횰튵릹돉ힴ뿶(커몺,1998)릤튵룚캻짌튵룚캻럾컱튵룚캻뫏볆NM23811413149314813%2311%2616%10010%5HM10576122314711%2516%2714%10011%1563954249UR16217%1517%2117%10010%뫏볆499190246965ꆡꆡ퓚컒쏇뗄쫕죫뻶뚨쒣탍훐,릤평훆뛈뇤솿Iꆢ룶죋폫볒춥뇤솿P폫죋솦놾뇤솿H릲춬뻶뚨,웤맘쾵쪽캪:ꆡꆡW=F(I,P,H)웤훐,W캪떥캻(릤)쫕죫,뛸ퟔ뇤솿뻟쳥냼삨:11훆뛈탔뇤솿:헢쫇룃쒣탍뗄쳘즫폫훘뗣,냼삨폃죋떥캻(맍훷)뗄쯹폐훆탔훊,맍풱뗄뮧뿚뗇볇ힴ뿶뗈ꆣ뮧뿚샠탍쫇컒쏇볬퇩놾뗘샍뚯솦뫍췢살샍뚯솦뗄맘볼뇤솿ꆣ놾뗘샍뚯솦뻓폚폐샻뗄첸에뗘캻,벴쪹퓚뾪럅탔늿쏅훐,웤쫕죫뻶뚨췹췹뚼쫜떽튻뚨뗄놣뮤;뛸췢살샍뚯솦퓚릤뻶뚨랽쏦퓲뒦폚늻샻뗄첸에뗘캻,늻뷶틲캪췢살샍뚯솦릩룸돤럖,뛸쟒틲캪웤퓚돇쫐뻍튵뗄뫏램탔뒦폚늻좷뚨뗄ힴ첬,쯦쪱뚼폐뿉쓜놻ꆰ쟥췋ꆱ략쿧ꆣ듓떥캻탔훊살뾴,맺폐늿쏅뗄릤뻶뚨튻냣늻틲샍뚯솦뗄릩탨맘쾵뗄뇤뮯뛸뗷헻,뻟폐뫜잿뗄룕탔,뿉쓜듦퓚쾵춳탔뗄룟맀ꆣ럇맺폐늿쏅뗄릤뻶뚨,평폚샍뚯솦쇷뚯뇈뷏돤럖,샍뚯솦뗄릩쟳맘쾵퓚뫜듳돌뛈짏뻶뚨쇋웤릤쮮욽,쒣탍훐붫볬퇩떥캻탔훊뛔쫕죫뗄펰쿬ꆣ21룶죋폫볒춥뇤솿:쫗쿈,쓪쇤뇤솿뫍쫕죫뗄맘쾵튲쪮럖쏜쟐,튻냣살뾴,쓪쇤뫍쫕죫횮볤듦퓚떹U탍맘쾵,퓚훐맺틠좻,쫕죫쮮욽뾪쪼쯦쓪쇤퓶볓뛸짏짽,좻뫳쟷폚쿂붵(Knight&Song,1995)ꆣ떫퓚쿖탐릤훆뛈ꆢ쳘뇰쫇맺폐늿쏅훐,쓪쇤(릤쇤)뫍횰캻(횰돆)쫇뻶뚨(쏻틥)릤쫕죫뗄맘볼틲쯘ꆣ탔뇰뇤솿쫇훘튪뗄쫕죫뻶뚨뇤솿,Knight&Song(1995)힢틢떽퓚쳘뚨쓪쇤뫍뗍컄뮯돌뛈샍뚯솦훐,탔뇰웧쫓뗄쿖쿳뇈뷏춻돶,퓚놾쒣탍훐튲뿉쓜맛달떽샠쯆쿖쿳ꆣ폐킩뗷닩랢쿖볒춥맦쒣뛔룶죋쫕죫닺짺펰쿬,웤풭틲,튻훖뷢쫍쫇볒춥맦쒣뷏듳,웤믱뗃쫕죫뗄톹솦뫍릤ퟷ쟚샍돌뛈튲쿠펦뷏듳(Portes&Stepick,1985)ꆣ퓚컒쏇뗄쒣탍훐,튲붫볬퇩헢튻볙쮵ꆣ퓚샍뚯솦쫐뎡랢폽늻췪좫뗄쟩뿶쿂,톪풵뫍뗘풵솪쾵뗈짧믡췸싧쫇훘튪뗄쟳횰쟾뗀,쳘뇰퓚뷸죫럇헽쪽샍뚯솦쫐뎡뻍튵튲쫇죧듋ꆣ틲듋,컒쏇붫뾼달커몺쟗쫴냯훺뗄쟩뿶,헢튻뇤솿뛔커몺쫐놾뗘뻓쏱춬퇹랢짺ퟷ폃,쯻쏇튲뿉쓜춨맽쟗폑쒱좡횰튵ꆣ31죋솦놾뇤솿:죋솦놾쫇뻶뚨릤쫕죫뗄훘튪뇤솿ꆣ쿁틥뗄죋솦놾훷튪쫇횸뷓쫜뷌폽뗄돌뛈ꆣ컄뮯돌뛈풽룟,풽폐믺믡믱뗃뷏뫃뗄릤ퟷ뫍뷏룟뗄쫕죫,뛸뗍벼쓜쫐뎡뛔컄뮯돌뛈헢훖죋솦놾뗄믘놨,퓲늻튻뚨쏷쿔ꆣ엠통쫇룼횱뷓뗄죋솦놾춶탎쪽ꆣ헢샯뗄엠통,볈냼삨릤ퟷ잰뗄엠통,튲냼삨퓚횰엠통;볈냼삨횰튵엠통,튲냼삨폫쿖횰튵컞횱뷓맘쾵뗄엠통ꆣ퓚컷랽샭싛폫뺭퇩훐,횰튵쇷뚯쫇튻훖훘튪뗄죋솦놾춶맽돌,뛔쫕죫펦닺짺헽쿲듙뷸ퟷ폃ꆣ컒쏇붫룶죋뺭샺맽뗄횰튵(룚캻)쫽틽죫쒣탍ꆣ평폚샍뚯솦쫐뎡뗄럖룮,틔벰탐튵횮볤쇷뚯탔뫜뗍,뷸죫늻춬뗄탐튵뛔쫕죫뻶뚨튲뿉닺짺ꆤ33ꆤ' 1994-2009 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
훐맺짧믡뿆톧ꆡ2000쓪뗚5웚뫜듳펰쿬ꆣ뛔헢튻뇤솿튲붫뷸탐볬퇩ꆣ짏쫶뇤솿뗄좡횵벰웤럖늼쟩뿶볻뇭3ꆣ듓쫕죫럖늼짏뾴,뷸죫쒣탍뗄퇹놾쫕죫쮮욽뗍폚좫늿퇹놾뗄욽뻹쮮욽,폫헢킩퇹놾쫴폚뗍벼쓜횰튵샠탍쫇쿠뛔펦뗄ꆣ뇭3.뇤솿좡횵ힴ뿶(커몺,1998)NM1HM1UR1NM1+HM1좫늿킡쪱릤1193(1122)2182(1127)3111(1141)2121(1130)2145(1139)뮧뿚뗇볇ힴ뿶0ꆡ100ꆡꆡ100ꆡꆡ31114819떥캻탔훊16183712611423123311탔뇰62195512431860155612볒춥맦쒣3174(1121)3190(1107)3178(199)3179(1117)3179(1113)쫜뷌폽쓪쫽8172(1195)10115(2164)10161(2137)9116(2128)9154(2139)횰튵엠통32154517551036164113횰튵쫽1147(155)1156(157)1124(157)1150(156)1143(157)커몺쟗폑52193811361548134513짌튵룚캻23112516151723192118럾컱튵룚캻26162714211726182515퓂쫕죫40013(208)46315(166)49812(223)42011(198)44014(207)쓪쇤25160(812)31181(910)38123(1011)27153(819)30129(1013)퇹놾쫽493ꆡꆡ223ꆡꆡ249ꆡꆡ716ꆡꆡ965ꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡ힢:솬탸뇤솿캪뻹횵뫍뇪ힼ닮,웤쯼캪뇈샽ꆣ틔짏뇤솿뛔쫕죫뻶뚨뚼뿉쓜닺짺펰쿬,떫평폚헢킩뇤솿횮볤뿉쓜듦퓚뗄쿠맘맘쾵,죧맻좫늿뷸죫쒣탍,뿉쓜펰쿬쒣탍뗄컈뚨탔ꆣ뻟쳥뗘,죧퓚컒쏇뗄쒣탍훐,쓪쇤뇤솿뫍웤쯼뇤솿횮볤뗄쿠맘탔폈잿,랴펳돶쓪쇤퓚쫕죫뻶뚨훐뗄뢴퓓탔ꆣ틲듋,뺭맽쫔퇩늻춬ퟩ뫏,컒쏇냑쓪쇤뗈횸뇪업돽퓚쒣탍횮췢,틔룼ힼ좷뗘랴펳웤쯼뇤솿퓚쫕죫뻶뚨훐뗄ퟷ폃ꆣ뷸죫쒣탍뗄뇤솿쇐폚뇭4ꆣ뇭4.믘맩쒣탍뇤솿뇭뇤솿럻뫅뇤솿뚨틥(좡횵)킡쪱릤Wag맍풱릤,좡ퟔ좻뛔쫽뷸죫쒣탍ꆣ뮧뿚뗇볇ힴ뿶HukDummy뇤솿,1캪놾뗘뮧뿚,0캪췢뗘뮧뿚ꆣ떥캻탔훊Dummy뇤솿,폃폚볬퇩웳튵탔훊뛔쫕죫뗄펰쿬,0캪럇맺폐늿쏅맍훷,1캪맺폐sta늿쏅맍훷ꆣ탔뇰sexDummy뇤솿,0ꆪ쓐탔,1ꆪ얮탔,볬퇩쫕죫뻶뚨훐뗄탔뇰웧쫓쿖쿳ꆣ볒춥맦쒣siz폐킩뗷닩랢쿖볒춥맦쒣뛔룶죋쫕죫닺짺펰쿬ꆣ좡뛔쫽뷸죫쒣탍ꆣ쫜뷌폽쓪쫽틔쫜뷌폽쓪쫽뗄뛔쫽뷸죫쒣탍,웤훐컄쎤캪1쓪,킡톧캪6쓪,돵훐캪9쓪,룟Edu훐/훐캪12쓪,듳벰틔짏캪16쓪ꆣ횰튵엠통TraDummy뇤솿,0캪쎻폐엠통,1캪폐엠통ꆣ횰튵쫽퓸뺭뺭샺맽뗄횰튵(룚캻)쫽,폃폚랴펳횰튵쇷뚯뗄ힴ뿶,ퟷ캪튻훖훘튪뗄죋솦jbs놾춶,쯼뛔쫕죫펦닺짺헽쿲듙뷸ퟷ폃ꆣ좡뛔쫽뷸죫쒣탍ꆣ커몺쟗폑Dummy뇤솿,1캪퓚커몺뗄쟗쫴냯훺헒떽떱잰릤ퟷ,0캪웤쯼춾뺶ꆣ폃살볬퇩짧rel믡췸싧퓚쫕죫뻶뚨훐뗄ퟷ폃ꆣ짌튵룚캻ComDummy뇤솿,틲캪늿쏅횮볤쇷뚯탔뫜뗍,뷸죫늻춬뗄늿쏅뛔쫕죫뻶뚨튲뿉닺짺뫜듳펰쿬ꆣ1캪듓쫂짌튵샠릤ퟷ,벴폐컯뮯짌욷돶쫛뗄늿쏅ꆣ럾컱튵룚캻Dummy뇤솿,1캪듓쫂럾컱튵샠릤ퟷ,훷튪쫇뗍벼쓜뗄럾컱샠릤ퟷ,늻냼삨튵serv벼쫵죋풱,맜샭죋풱뗈ꆣꆤ34ꆤ' 1994-2009 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
탍샍뚯솦쫐뎡뗄럖닣폫뺺헹ꆡꆡ(죽)뷡맻폫럖컶평폚퓚릤쮮욽뫍웤뻶뚨틲쯘훐웕뇩맛달떽뗄럇쿟탔맘쾵,컒쏇닉폃쮫뛔쫽탎쪽,붫솬탸뇤솿좡ퟔ좻뛔쫽뷸죫쒣탍,좻뫳ퟷ뛠뇤솿쿟탔믘맩럖컶,웤볆쯣뷡맻쇐폚뇭5ꆣ듓볆쯣뷡맻뾴,컒쏇뗄볙쮵뿉틔듓죽룶랽쏦뗃떽퇩횤:쫗쿈,퓚췢살샍뚯솦(NM1)뫍놾뗘뎣힡죋뿚(UR1)뗄쫕죫뻶뚨쒣쪽듦퓚쏷쿔뗄럖튰,떥캻탔훊ꆢ횰튵엠통뺭샺ꆢ탔뇰ꆢ볒춥맦쒣ꆢ뷸죫탐튵뗈뛔췢살샍뚯솦뗄쫕죫뻶뚨뻹웰ퟅ쿔훸뗄ퟷ폃,뛸헢킩틲쯘뛔놾뗘뎣힡죋뿚뗄쫕죫뻶뚨듳뚼쎻폐쏷쿔펰쿬ꆣ웤듎,붫뮧뿚잨틆샍뚯솦뫍췢살샍뚯솦뫏늢웰살뗄뷡맻(뗚컥삸),뿉틔랢쿖쒣탍뗄뷢쫍솦뗃떽쳡룟,돽풭쿈웰ퟷ폃뗄틲쯘볌탸쿔훸췢,뮧뿚뗈틲쯘뗄쿔훸ퟷ폃뗃떽쳥쿖ꆣ뗚죽,붫죽샠퇹놾ퟛ뫏웰살,쒣탍뗄뷢쫍솦뗃떽뷸튻늽뗄쳡룟,훆뛈탔틲쯘뗄ퟷ폃뗃떽쿔훸뗄랴펳ꆣ럖틲쯘뾴,훆뛈탔틲쯘퓚쫕죫뻶뚨훐웰훘튪ퟷ폃ꆣ죧컒쏇쯹풤웚,뮧뿚퓚쫕죫뻶뚨훐쯹웰뗄ퟷ폃쿠떱훘튪,쯼랴펳뮧뿚웁헏뛔놣헏놾뗘뻓쏱벰뮧뿚잨틆죋좺뗄쫕죫쮮욽살쮵쫇쿔훸뗄ꆣ웤ퟷ폃랽쪽,튻랽쏦쫇춨맽뛔췢살샍뚯솦쫕럑,살복짙췢살샍뚯솦뗄쪵볊쫕죫쮮욽,쇭튻랽쏦,쫇춨맽튻킩쟣킱믲폅믝헾닟,붵뗍놾뗘샍뚯솦뗄돉놾ꆣ떥캻탔훊뛔쫕죫뻶뚨튲닺짺쏷쿔ퟷ폃,맺폐늿쏅뛔맍풱릤듦퓚쾵춳탔뗄룟맀,헢폫잰쏦쳡벰뗄짏몣ꆢ쓏뺩뗄뗷닩뷡맻쫇쿠럻뫏뗄ꆣ룶죋뇤솿랽쏦,탔뇰뇤솿뛔룷ퟩ퇹놾뗄쫕죫뻶뚨뻹웰쿔훸ퟷ폃,튻훖뿉쓜탔쫇얮탔퓚쫕죫뻶뚨맽돌훐쫜떽탔뇰웧쫓,쇭튻훖뿉쓜탔퓲폫퓚뗍벼쓜늿쏅훐얮탔퓚쳥솦랽쏦뗄짺샭죵쫆뇈뷏춻돶듓뛸펰쿬웤쫕죫뻶뚨폐맘ꆣ떫횵뗃힢틢뗄쫇,럇뮧뿚잨틆퇹놾ퟩ훐얮탔탔뇰웧쫓뗄쿖쿳폈웤춻돶,ퟷ캪돇쫐샍뚯솦쫐뎡훐뗄죵쫆좺쳥,쯽쏇뗄짺듦ힴ뿶좷쪵횵뗃쳘뇰뗄맘힢ꆣ볒춥맦쒣뛔룶죋쫕죫닺짺펰쿬,볒춥맦쒣뷏듳뗄샍뚯솦쟣쿲폚뷏룟뗄쫕죫ꆣ떫뛔늻춬뗄퇹놾,쟩뿶늻뺡쿠춬,럇뮧뿚잨틆퇹놾뗄ퟷ폃뫜쿔훸,뛸뛔뮧뿚잨틆뫍놾뗘뻓쏱뗄펰쿬퓲늻쿔훸ꆣ죋솦놾뇤솿랽쏦,퓚룷ퟩ쒣탍훐,컄뮯돌뛈뛔쫕죫뻶뚨뗄랽쿲늻좷뚨,웤ퟷ폃튲늻쿔훸ꆣ헢튻쿖쿳폫튻냣풤웚쫇쿠랴뗄,튻냣죏캪컄뮯돌뛈펦쫇쫕죫뻶뚨훐뗄훘튪틲쯘ꆣ뛸쒿잰뗄뷡맻웤뿉쓜뗄뷢쫍쫇,퓚뒫춳뗄ꆢ뗍벼쓜뗄샍뚯솦쫐뎡짏,쫕죫룼뛠뗘평뒫춳벼쓜ꆢ샺ꆢ쓪쇤ꆢ탔뇰뗈틲쯘뻶뚨,뛔컄뮯돌뛈뗄믘놨늢늻횱뷓,틲듋떼훂컄뮯돌뛈퓚춳볆럖컶훐뗄ퟷ폃늻쿔훸ꆣ쿠뇈횮쿂,엠통뛔쫕죫뗄ퟷ폃뻍뇈컄뮯돌뛈뗄ퟷ폃튪쏷쿔ꆣ뷡맻쿔쪾,룷ퟩ쒣탍훐엠통뗄ퟷ폃뻹쫇쿔훸뗄,뷓쫜맽엠통ꆪꆪꆪ늻맜쫇뫎훖탎쪽,뻹뿉쓜믱뗃룼룟뗄쫕죫ꆣ횰튵쇷뚯뛔쫕죫뗄쳡룟쯆뫵쎻폐쿔훸뗄펰쿬ꆣ헢폫훐맺샍뚯솦쫐뎡쳘헷폐맘,쇷뚯퓚훐맺룼뛠뗘쫇튻훖릤ퟷ늻컈뚨뗄뇭쿖믲뷡맻,뛸쟒늿쏅횮볤뗄럖닣뫍럖룮쪹뗃샍뚯솦뿧늿쏅뗄쇷뚯쪮럖삧쓑,쓑틔웰떽쯵킡늿쏅쫕죫닮뻠뗄ퟷ폃,틲듋퓚쒣탍훐뗄ퟷ폃늻쿔훸ꆣ쒣탍훐쎻폐랴펳돶쟗폑뷩짜릤ퟷ뛔쳡룟쫕죫뗄쏷쿔ퟷ폃ꆣ뿉쓜뗄뷢쫍쫇,쟗폑힢훘뗃떽릤ퟷ뗄뿉쓜탔,뛸냑릤ퟷ놨돪늢늻ퟷ캪맘힢뗄훷튪뛔쿳,뻍쫇쮵,믱뗃릤ퟷ뾿쟗폑뷩짜,쳡룟쫕죫퓲뾿ퟔ벺좥톰헒ꆣ샍뚯솦듓쫂뗄탐튵뛔웤쫕죫튲폐쏷쿔뗄ퟷ폃,쿠뛔릤튵살쮵,뷸죫짌튵뫍럾컱튵믱뗃뗄쫕죫붫튪뗍튻킩ꆣ떫헢튻킧맻뛔놾뗘뻓쏱늻쿔훸ꆣ헢훖쟩뿶,폫헢킩뒫춳짌튵뫍럾컱튵뗄벤쇒뺺헹폐맘ꆣ맩쓉웰살,퓚럇뮧뿚잨틆ꆢ뮧뿚잨틆뫍놾뗘뻓쏱죽ퟩ퇹놾훐,탔뇰ꆢ엠통뺭샺ꆢ떥캻탔훊뗈뇤솿쯹웰뗄ퟷ폃뚼뇈뷏쿔훸,뛸컄뮯돌뛈ꆢ횰튵쇷뚯뺭샺ꆢ짧믡췸싧뗈뇤솿뗄ퟷ폃퓲뚼늻쿔훸ꆣ볒춥맦쒣ꆢ탐튵뗈횸뇪뛔틆쏱뗄ퟷ폃뇈뷏쏷쿔,뛸뛔놾뗘뻓쏱뗄ퟷ폃퓲늻쿔훸ꆣꆤ35ꆤ' 1994-2009 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
훐맺짧믡뿆톧ꆡ2000쓪뗚5웚뇭5.믘맩쒣탍뗄럇뇪ힼ뮯쾵쫽NM1HM1UR1NM1+HM1좫늿(Constant)1297197833161531401313943Sex-132133-11513-1121-125733-121133HUKꆪꆪꆪ131533131633TRA11713311973311803117033118733STA14113311683311863132033127633LNEDU-31613E-03-71676E-021152-41349E-02-21599E-02LNJBS81077E-02-71808E-0361581E-0251816E-0271410E-02LNSIZ125831124-71660E-02123333117633REL61008E-02-1116-21839E-0221452E-0211298E-02COM-11643-1155341499E-02-114333-1101SERV-117733-51475E-02-51609E-02-114233-11203N478221248700949R212001228110612771290ꆡꆡꆡ힢:3캪0105쿔훸,33캪0101쿔훸ꆣ쯄ꆢ뷡싛폫헾닟붨틩춨맽틔짏럖컶,컒쏇뿉틔뗃떽헢퇹뗄뷡싛,퓚컒쏇톡좡뗄뗍벼쓜ꆢ뗍뷸죫쏅볷뗄돇쫐뾪럅탔샍뚯솦쫐뎡짏,췢살샍뚯솦뫍놾뗘뎣힡죋뿚뗄쫕죫뻶뚨듦퓚훆뛈탔럖닣,뮧뿚뗇볇ힴ뿶벰떥캻탔훊뗈뛔샍뚯솦뗄(릤)쫕죫닺짺ퟅ쿔훸뗄펰쿬ꆣ뮧뿚잨틆샍뚯솦퓚쫕죫뻶뚨틲쯘랽쏦룼뷓뷼폚놾뗘뎣힡죋뿚,떫폫췢살샍뚯솦튲듦퓚튻뚨뗄쿠쯆탔,랴펳웤맽뛉탔쳘헷ꆣ컒쏇폐맘돇쫐샍뚯솦쫐뎡쫕죫뻶뚨럖닣볙쮵뗄죏뚨,뛔훘탂뷧뚨췢살샍뚯솦폫놾뗘샍뚯솦뗄맘쾵폐훘튪뗄헾닟몬틥ꆣ룹뻝돇쫐샍뚯솦쫐뎡듓튵뷡릹럖닣볙쮵,튻냣죏캪췢살샍뚯솦뛔놾뗘샍뚯솦쫐뎡훷튪웰늹돤ퟷ폃,늻믡뛔놾뗘샍뚯솦닺짺춻돶뗄뻍튵쳦듺ꆣ떫쫕죫뻶뚨럖닣볙쮵뗄죏뚨,퓲틢캶ퟅ췢살샍뚯솦평폚웤쯹뻟폐뗄뗍돉놾폅쫆,쯦샍뚯솦쫐뎡뗄뾪럅,붫뛔놾뗘샍뚯솦뻍튵닺짺뺺헹폫쳦듺킧펦ꆣ쫂쪵짏,쯦ퟅ뷼쓪살컒맺뺭볃돉럖죕쟷뛠풪뮯,돇쫐췢살샍뚯솦틑뺭듓돇쫐샍뚯솦쫐뎡뗄ꆰ늹돤ꆱ뷇즫,훰늽뇤캪놾뗘샍뚯솦뗄뺺헹믯냩ꆣ컒쏇뿉틔돩쿳돶퓚돇헲훐탎돉뗄솽룶퓋탐믺훆룷틬뗄샍뚯솦쫐뎡:튻룶쫇퇏룱뿘훆ꆰ췢살샍뚯솦ꆱꆢ룟뛈놣뮤놾뗘샍뚯솦뗄쫐뎡(틔쿂돆놣뮤탔쫐뎡),쯻쏇틔맺폐늿쏅캪듺뇭ꋙ,웤뷸죫쏅볷쫜떽퇏룱뿘훆,쿠펦뗄췋돶믺훆튲쫜떽죵뮯,쫇튻룶좱랦뺺헹뗄샍뚯솦쫐뎡,릤쮮욽뗄뻶뚨늻쓜뫜뫃뗘랴펳쫐뎡탨쟳맘쾵,뛸쟒퓚럖엤탎쪽짏튲뻟폐욽뻹릤뗄쳘헷,컒쏇돆횮캪훆뛈탔릤ꆣ웤쳘뗣쫇,컈뚨탔잿,놣헏돌뛈룟,떫좱랦벤샸믺훆,샍뚯돉놾뷏룟,뺭볃뺺헹솦쿂붵ꆣ쇭튻룶쫇쎻폐쏷좷뮧뿚쿞훆뗄샍뚯솦쫐뎡(틔쿂돆뾪럅탔쫐뎡),훷튪쫇룷샠럇맺폐뺭볃틔벰ퟔ컒맍펶뗈,샍뚯솦뗄릩쟳맘쾵뻶뚨쇋쫐뎡릤뗄쮮욽,컒쏇돆횮캪쫐뎡릤ꆣ룃쫐뎡뗄뻍튵믺믡훷튪쫇퓚뒫춳ꋙ뫜뛠맺폐웳튵튲맍펶쇋췢살샍뚯솦,떫늻펰쿬헢샯뛔웤훷쳥탐캪쳘헷뗄돩쿳ꆣꆤ36ꆤ' 1994-2009 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
탍샍뚯솦쫐뎡뗄럖닣폫뺺헹쳥훆횮췢뒴퓬돶살뗄탂탋뻍튵믺믡,웤쳘뗣쫇뛔쫐뎡뇤뮯뗄쫊펦쓜솦잿ꆢ샍뚯돉놾뗍ꆢ뺺헹탔잿,컊쳢쫇샍뚯솦좨틦좱랦뇘튪뗄놣뮤ꆣ쯦ퟅ놣뮤탔쫐뎡뫍뾪럅탔쫐뎡퓚뻍튵릩룸랽쏦듋쿻뇋뎤,놾뗘샍뚯솦뫍췢살샍뚯솦뗄맘쾵튲랢짺쇋캢쏮뗄뇤뮯ꆣ튻랽쏦,놣뮤탔샍뚯솦쫐뎡쯦ퟅ맺폐웳튵룄룯뗄짮죫뛸쟷폚쫕쯵,쇭튻랽쏦,뾪럅탔쫐뎡쳡릩뗄뻍튵럝뛮퓚늻뛏삩듳,듳솿듓맺폐웳튵쇷돶뗄샍뚯솦뫍놾뗘탂퓶샍뚯솦뷸죫뾪럅탔샍뚯솦쫐뎡,뫍췢살샍뚯솦퓚춬뗈쳵볾쿂햹뾪뺺헹ꆣ듓헢튻뷇뛈뾴,췢살샍뚯솦뛔돇쫐샍뚯솦쫐뎡뗄펰쿬,틑뺭뎬돶쇋ퟷ캪돇쫐ꆰ늹돤솦솿ꆱ뗄ퟷ폃,뛸훰늽캪뺺헹솦솿ꆣ뺡맜헢훖뺺헹뮹뷶쿞폚튻킩뷸죫쏅볷뷏뗍뗄뗍벼쓜룚캻,떫틑뺭릹돉뛔돇쫐뻍튵놣뮤헾닟볈뗃샻틦헟뗄쿖쪵췾킲,듓뛸틽랢돇쫐샍뚯솦뗄업돢ꆣ룅삨웰살,췢살샍뚯솦횮쯹틔쓜돉캪뺺헹뛔쫖,맘볼퓚폚:뗚튻,췢살샍뚯솦뗄샍뚯돉놾평쫐뎡뻶뚨,뻟폐뷏잿뗄뺺헹솦;뗚뛾,럇맺폐뺭볃쯦ퟅ쫐뎡뮯룄룯뗄짮죫뛸뿬쯙돉뎤,퓚맺쏱뺭볃훐뗄뗘캻평ꆰ늹돤ꆱ솦솿랢햹캪ꆰ훘튪ퟩ돉늿럖ꆱꆣ폐맘췢살샍뚯솦뛔놾뗘샍뚯솦뻍튵닺짺뺺헹폫쳦듺킧펦뗄췆싛,늢늻틢캶ퟅ뛔돇쫐샍뚯솦쫐뎡놣뮤탔헾닟뗄횧돖ꆣ퓚뫜듳돌뛈짏,평폚놣뮤탔쫐뎡뛔뗍벼쓜샍뚯릤뗄룟맀,떼훂뗍벼쓜샍뚯솦웚췻릤맽룟,펰쿬떽웤퓚뾪럅탔쫐뎡짏뗄뺺헹솦,쯻쏇놻놣뮤탔쫐뎡업돶뫳,튪쎴톡퓱ퟔ풸쪧튵,튪쎴퓙쓑틔헒떽릤ퟷ,헢헽쫇쒿잰탭뛠쿂룚릤죋뗄ힴ뿶ꆣ놣뮤탔쫐뎡뮹듦퓚뛔룟벼쓜샍뚯솦릤뗍맀뗄쟩뿶,평듋떼훂룟벼쓜샍뚯솦(죋닅)듓놣뮤탔쫐뎡쇷쿲뾪럅탔쫐뎡,ퟮ훕떼훂놣뮤탔쫐뎡훐뗄샍뚯솦뗄ꆰ쓦쳔청ꆱ,펰쿬헻룶뺭볃뗄뒴퓬솦뫍뺺헹솦ꆣ뿉틔죏캪,샍뚯솦쫐뎡뗄놣뮤탔헾닟,떼훂샍뚯솦돉놾뗄쾵춳탔닮틬,퓚뫜듳돌뛈짏쿷죵쇋맺폐웳튵뒴퓬뻍튵뗄쓜솦틔벰놾뗘샍뚯솦퓚뾪럅탔샍뚯솦쫐뎡훐뗄뺺헹쓜솦ꆣ틲듋,놾쿮퇐뺿뗄헾닟몬틥퓚폚,샍뚯솦쫐뎡뗄놣뮤헾닟붫닺짺맣랺뗄쿻벫뫳맻,뛸뛔삩듳뻍튵늢컞쪵훊탔냯훺ꆣퟷ캪쫐뎡뮯룄룯훰늽짮죫뗄튻룶뇘좻뷡맻,놣뮤탔샍뚯솦쫐뎡뗄훰늽쫕쯵뫍뾪럅탔샍뚯솦쫐뎡뗄랢햹ힳ듳,펦듺뇭ퟅ돇쫐샍뚯솦쫐뎡헻뫏뗄랽쿲ꆣ췢살샍뚯솦,듓쇷죫뗘뷇뛈뾴,컞틉뛔돇쫐샍뚯솦쫐뎡닺짺쇋뺺헹톹솦;떫듓좫뻖뾴,헽쫇헢훖쇷뚯,듙뷸쇋짺닺튪쯘뗄폅뮯엤훃,틲뛸뻟폐맣랺뗄믽벫틢틥ꆣ틲듋,퓚뗘랽헾뢮맘힢놾뗘샍뚯솦샻틦뗄춬쪱,탨튪훐퇫헾뢮퓚룼룟닣듎짏킭뗷짧믡컈뚨뫍뺭볃랢햹뗄맘쾵,랢믓샍뚯솦쇷뚯퓚폅뮯풴엤훃ꆢ쯵킡뗘쟸뫍돇쿧닮뻠훐쯹웰떽뗄늻뿉쳦듺뗄ퟷ폃ꆣ쒿잰듓좫맺랶캧살뾴,듳돇쫐훐뷢뻶놾뗘샍뚯솦뫍췢살샍뚯솦뻍튵뺺헹뗄훷튪ퟶ램,뛠쫽죔좻쫇닉좡탐헾룉풤뫍놣뮤탔듫쪩,살쿞훆췢살샍뚯솦뗄쪹폃ꆣ쫗쿈쫇쯹캽뗄ꆰ쟥췋ꆱ,듇췋쎻폐놾뗘뮧뿚뗄췢살샍뚯솦,붫웤룚캻죃룸놾뗘샍뚯솦;뗚뛾훖ퟶ램쫇쫕럑,쿲맍폃췢살샍뚯솦뗄떥캻믲췢살죋뿚룶죋헷쫕뻍튵맜샭럑ꆢ뻍튵뗷뷚뷰ꆢ퓝힡죋뿚맜샭럑뗈,폃폚쿂룚릤죋낲훃뗄쿠맘뺭럑,짵훁쫇냬릫뺭럑(놱듳,1999),죋캪쳡룟췢살샍뚯솦뗄샍뚯돉놾;뗚죽훖쫇쿞뚨췢살샍뚯솦뷸죫뗄탐튵믲룚캻ꆣ떫헢킩놣뮤탔뗄ퟶ램,웤킧맻쫇횵뗃뮳틉뗄ꆣ쫗쿈,춨맽ꆰ쳚쇽뮻쓱ꆱ헾닟쳚돶살뗄룚캻,놾뗘샍뚯솦쫇럱풸틢뷓쫜?평폚헢킩룚캻뗄쫕죫ꆢ짧믡뗘캻ꆢ샍뚯잿뛈ꆢ컈뚨돌뛈뗈폫놾뗘샍뚯솦풤웚횮볤듦퓚뗄랴닮,쿠떱늿럖뗄놾뗘샍뚯솦쓾풸톡퓱ퟔ풸쪧튵,뛸늻풸듓쫂헢킩탐튵ꆣ듓폃죋떥캻살뾴,쫐뎡뺭볃쳵볾쿂뗄웳튵퓚폃릤쪱뗄훷튪뾼싇쫇샍뚯돉놾뛸늻쫇웤쯼,틲듋뻶뚨웤늻뿉쓜뫜뫃뗘ퟱ헕뗘랽헾뢮뛔폃릤뗄탐헾룉풤ꆣ웤듎,뛔췢살샍뚯솦헷쫕쳘뇰뗄럑폃,쒿뗄쫇춨맽쳡룟췢살샍뚯솦뗄폃릤돉놾,쿷죵췢살샍뚯솦뗄뺺헹쓜솦,떫헢퇹뛔놾뗘헻쳥뺭볃뺺헹솦붫닺짺늻샻펰쿬,뺭볃뗃늻떽돖탸뗄랢햹,늻쓜뒴퓬탂뗄뻍튵믺믡,짵훁펰쿬떽놾뗘쿻럑쫐뎡뗄삩듳틔벰룟벼쫵죋풱쇷죫ꆢ뒴탂뺫짱뗄탎돉뗈ꆣ듋췢,쿞훆췢살샍뚯솦뿉쓜펰쿬웳튵룹ꆤ37ꆤ' 1994-2009 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
훐맺짧믡뿆톧ꆡ2000쓪뗚5웚뻝ퟔ짭랢햹탨튪ퟔ훷폃릤뗄좨샻ꆣ쫂쪵짏,튻킩폟싛틑뺭뛔쿞훆쪹폃췢살샍뚯솦뗄램샭틀뻝뗈짮닣컊쳢쳡돶훊틉ꋙꆣ뷢뻶듳돇쫐뻍튵돥춻뗄헾닟좡쿲,뛌웚살뾴,듓컈뚨폫랢햹뗄쒿뇪돶랢,퓚늻뿉쓜튻쿂ퟓ췪좫뾪럅돇쫐샍뚯솦쫐뎡뗄쟩뿶쿂,닉좡튻뚨뗄놣뮤듫쪩폐웤뿍맛뇘튪탔,떫탨튪뛔쒿잰튻킩듳돇쫐헽퓚쪵탐뗄쿞훆췢살샍뚯솦뗄ퟶ램퓚탐튵뫍랽쿲짏뷸탐뇘튪뗄뗷헻,뇈죧,쒿잰뿉틔엤뫏맺폐웳튵룄룯,훰늽좡쿻뛔뺺헹탔탐튵뗄뻍튵놣뮤,뷶쿞폚퓚릫릲늿쏅쪵쪩뛔놾뗘샍뚯솦뗄놣뮤;떫듓뎤풶뾴,펦훰늽쿻돽뛔췢살샍뚯솦뗄닮뇰듽폶,듙뷸샍뚯솦쫐뎡뗄헻뫏ꆣ튻랽쏦,뛔놣뮤탔샍뚯솦쫐뎡,펦훰늽쿻돽뷸죫쏅볷,잿뮯뺺헹믺훆,닎헕쫐뎡릤뻶뚨웤릤쮮욽,룄룯럖엤훆뛈,틔붵뗍웳튵샍뚯솦돉놾,쳡룟웳튵뺺헹쓜솦뫍룶죋쫊펦쓜솦,헢퇹,웳튵닅뿉쓜랢햹늢삩듳뻍튵;뛸뛔뾪럅탔쫐뎡,퓲펦틀뻝샍뚯램맦뗈볓잿볠맜뫍놣뮤샍뚯헟좨틦,맦랶짧믡놣쿕훆뛈,틔ퟮ훕듯돉솽룶쫐뎡뗄헻뫏ꆣ닎뾼컄쿗:놱듳(훐맺뺭볃퇐뺿훐탄뿎쳢ퟩ):ꆶ짏몣:돇쫐횰릤폫얩듥쏱릤뗄럖닣폫죚뫏ꆷ,ꆶ룄룯ꆷ1998쓪뗚4웚ꆣ놱듳(훐맺뺭볃퇐뺿훐탄뿎쳢ퟩ):ꆶ쓏뺩:뢣샻맟탔쿂뗄샍뚯솦쫐뎡ꆷ,ꆶ룄룯ꆷ1999쓪뗚4웚ꆣ닌ꆡ:ꆶ뛾풪샍뚯솦쫐뎡쳵볾쿂뗄뻍튵쳥훆뮻ꆷ,ꆶ훐맺짧믡뿆톧ꆷ1998쓪뗚2웚ꆣChan,&(1999),TheHukouSystemandRural2urbanMigration:ProcessandChanges,TheChinaQuarterly,,ꆪ855.뚡뷰뫪뗈:ꆶ췢살쏱릤뛔짏몣쫐횰릤퓙뻍튵뗄펰쿬벰뛔닟퇐뺿ꆷ,ꆶ죋뿚톧뾯ꆷ1995쓪뗚3웚ꆣKaufman,.(1983),AStructuralDecompositionofBlack2WhiteEarningsDifferentials,AmericanJournalofSociology,,,ꆪ,J.,(1995),TowardsaLabourMarketinChina,OxfordReviewofEconomicPolicy,,,ꆪ,A.&(1985),UnwelcomeImmigrants:theLaborMarketExperiencesof1980(Mariel)CubanandHaitianRefugeesinSouthFlorida,AmericanSociologicalReview,50(4),ꆪ,.D1(1999),DemolishingPartitions:BacktoBeginningsintheCities?TheChinaQuarterly,,ꆪ,.(1975),Occupations,LaborMarketsandtheProcessofWageAttainment,AmericanSocio2logicalReview,(Oct),ꆪ665.커몺쫐춳볆뻖:ꆶ커몺춳볆쓪본1999ꆷ,훐맺춳볆돶냦짧1999쓪냦ꆣ퇮퓆퇥:ꆶ룄룯뾪럅틔살훐맺죋뿚ꆰ럇헽쪽잨틆ꆱ뗄ힴ뿶ꆷ,ꆶ훐맺짧믡뿆톧ꆷ1996쓪뗚6웚ꆣ헔쏴:ꆶ짏몣죴룉웳튵췢살샍뚯솦퇐뺿ꆷ,ꆶ훐맺죋뿚뿆톧ꆷ1995쓪뗚3웚ꆣꆲ놾컄퓰죎뇠벭:췵쟥랼ꆳꋙꆶ훐맺쟠쓪놨ꆷ(2000쓪1퓂28죕)뾯뗇튻ퟩ컄헂,헫뛔놱뺩쫐샍뚯뻖돶첨뗄ꆶ2000쓪놾쫐퓊탭뫍쿞훆쪹폃췢뗘죋풱뗄탐튵뫍횰튵랶캧ꆷ훐뷸튻늽퓶볓쿞훆쪹폃췢뗘컱릤죋풱뗄탐튵뫍횰튵랶캧뗄탐캪,듓램샭틀뻝랽쏦쳡돶훊틉,죏캪ꆰ퓚죎뫎튻룶쿜램맺볒,웧쫓뚼쫇뻸늻죝탭듦퓚뗄,싛훆뛈탔ꆢ맦쒣탔웧쫓쇋ꆱ,뛸쟒룹뻝샍뚯램,ꆰ샍뚯헟쿭폐욽뗈뻍튵뗄톡퓱횰튵뗄좨샻ꆱ,ꆰ샍뚯헟뻍튵,늻틲쏱ퟥꆢ훖ퟥꆭꆭ늻춬뛸쫜웧쫓ꆣꆱ쿠펦뗘,쇷뚯죋뿚뗄쿻럑틔벰뷓쫜뷌폽뗈쿮좨샻뗈튲뚼쫇쫜떽램싉놣뮤뗄ꆣꆤ38ꆤ' 1994-2009 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
ꆡꆡ(1)TheTransformationofState2ownedEnterprises:ThreePropositionsLuFengꆤ4ꆤTheinstitutionalframeworkofsocialistindustrialrelations,whichoriginatedfromandtookshapewithinthepoliticalprocess,,whichincludedasystemofpermanentemploymentandsocialprovisionsthroughtheworkunit,,,,theauthorarguesthatthestartingpointforthetransformationofstate2ownedenterprisesisthetransformationofthemodesofmanagementandorganizationattheoperationallevel,,butshouldfacilitateinstitutionalchangesthatwillhelpachievemanagerialcontrolovertheproductionprocessattheenterpriselevel.(2)SegmentationandCompetitionintheLaborMarketduringtheTransformationꆡꆪꆪꆪBasedonanEmpiricalAnalysisofInvestigationsinWuhanYangYunyanꆡChenJinyongꆤ28ꆤBasedoninvestigationsconductedinWuhan,theauthorssuggestthatthereisaclearsegmenta2tionbetweennon2localandlocalworkers,,italsomeansthatlow2cost,,andgreatlyweakenedthecompetitivenessoflocalworkersontheopenlabormarketandthecapabilityofstate2ownedenterprisestocreateemploymentopportunities.(3)TheNatureofCustomandanInvestigationoftheWayinWhichItArisesWeiSenꆤ39ꆤIntheauthorꆯsopinion,customrepresentaꆰspontaneoussocialorder.ꆱInthispaperheexam2inestheunityofsocialactivitiesandpersonalcontacts,anꆰevolutionarybalanceofgamesꆱ,,questionsremainwithregardtothecausesandmechanismofthegenera2tionandconstructionofcustom.ꆤ204ꆤ' 1994-2009 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
