९թ॥ᇅ--- ླਈၘᆩSEG 8109ި㸗ᇅᄯ⇍൲֥ࣁሳෳὥර⁛⊨ᆞ֥ℭᾇ
ᄝᆞֹ֥ề
ၛᆞ֥ᾁ۬
ԛ൲ᆞളṙ֥അၩჷ⇙ੈഹ๙Ầ≁Ṧ ൧ṳ∧⇍ඹ㸗ݚࡾ܂∣†؇ῠթ Ӯބ҆ࡱ1
ῠթğఒ∊֥ഈ䍛ָࠣ䍛 ῠթ∻∧∊ỡ . options and stock ⇍൲ỡ/∧∊ỡ: ഈཋေℶެῠթ ০℅ğָ䍛ေℶެῠթָ֞൞മ喁ῠթေề ῠթ x 䵆⊨Ց⅂ = ∧∊ỡ ῠթ =∧∊ỡ /䵆⊨Ց⅂ ০℅ =∧∊ỡ x Ṇό০℅ੱ%∧∊ỡ = 1 BđṆό০℅ੱ= 5%đ০℅ = 50 Mῠթ䵆⊨ੱ = 10, ῠթ = 100MῠթӮЧੱ = 30%bῠթӮЧ = 30M০℅༯ࢆ30Mđ㥫০℅ = 20M ῠթ䵆⊨ੱ = 30, ῠթ = 33MῠթӮЧ = 10Mđ㥫০℅ = 40M ൧႔ੱ = 20, ‥ᾇ܄ඳ֥൧ᆴ≌400M ࠇ 800M2
ࢺക ९թॖၛ൞ჰҋਘaܓઙ֥ቆࡱa϶ӮࠇӮ֩b९թ॥ᇅ༢۽ቔੀӱཁൕೂb ೂޅ॥ᇅ९թ౼थႿğA) ླ൞ڎၘᆩࠇᆀໃᆩĠB) ଖӁ֥ླഡڎ၇ঠႿఃӁ֥ླb၂۱B)֥ൌ২൞ğచӚႄౣ֥ླਈ၇ঠႿؓచӚ֥ླਈbູહླေ९թܿଆࣜ࠶҂ಒקྟླิభ௹܂ࠊࠏࢌ๙ᄎൻߏԊੀ९թ॥ᇅ༢֥ӮЧ3
९թ༢ग़෮ླӁཧ൲ٚࢤ൳רֆרֆෂສҝ९Ġಌࠊթࠊ?ูս?ႵႵ۷ྍ९թࡀऌֆᇂӁڎרࠊ֩ީളӮౢֆ൞ऌֆ࿊ԛӁؿ҃ܓઙרֆԛհA/PҰרֆࢤ൬ਘؿࠊթԥਘA/P९թ֥ܵ໙ี ९թ֥ܵਆ۱ᇏྏ໙ี൞ğ 1. רܓਈ൞؟ഒĤ2. ޅൈרܓĤ ྐ༏ࡏܒĤ4
эਈაҕඔ Cֆ໊ӮЧ९թӁ֥ֆ۱ٮႨbЇওܓઙࡎ۬ބᄎൻӮЧbೂݔ܂ႋഅิ܂Ӂᅼ२đֆ໊ӮЧაרܓඔਈႵܱb KרܓӮЧؿԛרֆ෮ႄఏ֥ܵބϷ܄ٮႨbЇওཿרֆđؓ܂ႋഅࣉྛٳ༅đࢤ൬ҋਘđҰҋਘđ۵ࣉרֆၛࠣఃࢌၞčೂ࠹ෘᅫଢđҋਘ॥ᇅ֩֩Ďb๙ӈ၂۱רܓӮЧٮႨჿĚĕჭэਈაҕඔ I`թԥӮЧੱթԥӮЧ൞ᆷೆ९թ֥ሧࣁӮЧބթԥ֥ົӮЧbЇওሧࣁࠏ߶ӮЧđඥࣁđЌགٮđਘԩđݖൈാđᅼࣸٮ֩bֆ۱Ӂ֥թԥӮЧੱ๙ӈཌྷ֒Ⴟֆ۱ӁनӮЧ֥20-40% bh=Icֆ۱Ӂ֥թԥӮЧ ``୍ླਈ!၂୍ଽଖӁ֥Ⴈਈbླॖၛοླੱބླଆൔ߃ٳ҂োљbླੱॖၛ൞ӈඔč۲۱ൈ௹ླਈཌྷĎࠇᆀэਈbླଆൔॖၛ൞ၘᆩčླಒקĎࠇᆀໃᆩčླਈෛࠏэ߄Ďb5
эਈაҕඔ Q רܓਈଖӁרܓ֥ඔਈ R ᄜרܓׄ၂֊֞ղđࠧႄؿרܓ֥ଖӁ֥९թඣ !` ิభ௹Ֆרֆؿԛषđ֞רܓӁ֞ղѩॖၛႨႿડቀग़ླᆸđᆃ؍ൈࡗӫູิభ௹bЇওሙСࠣൌ࠽ؿԛרֆႄఏ֥ܵބϷ܄ൈࡗđ܂ႋഅཨݻ֥ൈࡗđؿෂਘ֞ҝ९֥ᄎൻൈࡗđࢤ൬ࠣҰרֆݻٮ֥ൈࡗđၛࠣਘഈ݊ླေ֥ൈࡗbэਈაҕඔ S νಆ९թႨႿٝᆸၩਘຓ֥ླđၛࠣרֆෂݖӱᇏԛགྷ֥໙ีطླေ֥၂קඔਈ֥Ӂ९թb p ӲـӮЧႮႿಌكቀܔ९թၛડቀग़ླđᆃဢ֥ӮЧӫູӲـӮЧb္ӫቔ؋ಌӮЧࠇԛౢӮЧb6
ࣜ࠶רܓਈ(EOQ) ૌࡌקčೂ෮ൕĎğ1. ୍ླੱၘᆩູӈඔ!2. ીႵרܓิభ௹ (`! =0)3. ીႵ؋ಌؿളb4. ؿള֥ӮЧႵa. רܓؿളൈ֥רܓӮЧ K đb. ֆ໊רܓӮЧ c ,c. թԥӮЧ h .९թ, I(t)ོੱ=∀!Q0ൈࡗ, t č୍ĎTᇛ௹Ӊ؇đT=Q/!!ೂğQ=100ֆ໊đ` =1000ֆ໊Ĕ୍đᄵ T = 100 / 1000 = ୍၂୍ଽ֥ᇛ௹Ցඔ = ! /Qೂğᇛ௹Ցඔ = 1000 / 100 = 10ૄ୍न९թ = Q/2ೂğन९թ = 100 / 2 =50čቋն९թ = Q=100, ቋཬ९թ = 0Ď7
ૄ୍܋࠹ӮЧđG(Q) G(Q) = רܓӮЧ + ֆ໊ӮЧ + թԥӮЧ!!Q `` =K()+Qc()+h()QQ2K∀hQ!G(Q)=+∀c+ჭĔ୍Q2G(Q)hQ2K!QQ*0Q1020∃G(Q)K!h2K!*=#+=0∀Q=ֆ໊2∃QQ2h2!G(Q)2K∀*=>0ၹູ Q>0đ෮ၛ````ູቋཬᆴG(Q)23!QQ2K!hK!*hG(Q)=+!c+22K!h*∀G(Q)=2K!h+!cჭĔ୍K!hQ+G(Q)Q2*רܓQط҂൞ቋႪ Q ֥ӲـӮЧູğ=*G(Q)2K!h8
২ ླਈ = 2000`ֆ໊Ĕᄅֆ໊Ĕ୍∀#=2,000!12=24,000 c = `ჭ /ֆ໊ K = ჭ/רֆ I = 25% /୍ჭĔ୍∀h=Ic=!=!!24,000*ֆ໊Q==*Q1259*===0୍`= ᄅ!24,000 ૄ୍֥ሹ࠹ӮЧູđ*G(Q)=2!!24,000!+24,000!=+9,600ॖ॥ӮЧ9
ࡌഡ܄ඳ༐ຬૄᄅרܓbᄵ Q = 2,000G(Q)G(2000)112592000==[+]=*G(Q)G(1259)220001259ၹՎჭG(2000)=!G(1259)=!=ॉ੮ิభ௹!>0 σ২1.!<T ֒९թ֞ղᄜרܓׄ````đؿԛרֆR=!∀ ২ğ९թ I(t)R=!∀1=1200!ൈࡗ12=100T = 3ᄅؿԛרֆרֆ֞ղ!= 1ᄅ10
ᄅ!=1ᄅT=3ֆ໊Ĕ୍!=1,200R=!∀९թࢆ֮֞ 100 ֆ໊ൈđؿԛרֆ σ২2.!>T ֒९թ֞ղᄜרܓׄ``đؿԛרֆR ২ğ= 2ᄅ!T = ᄅ९թ I(t)= 1,200ֆ໊Ĕ୍!R=60ൈࡗ tT = ᄅרֆ֞ղ!= 2ᄅؿԛרֆ11
҄ᇧğ!2۱ᇛ௹ᄝ၂۱ิభ௹ଽ== A)!1 B)۱ᇛ௹()== ``۱ᇛ௹ᄅ=!T=!= C)ᄅ0.=1200!=60R=∀!612EOQ ބ ሙൈ߄ (Just-In-Time, JIT) JIT ᇶေଢ֥ᄝႿࡨഒ९թbᆃࣼေ൮༵ေࡨഒሙСൈࡗb```ླ= 1200ֆ໊Ĕ୍`=!```c = 20ჭĔֆ໊```K = 1ཬൈሙС x 300ჭĔཬൈ = 300 ჭ```h = 5 Ĕֆ໊đ୍2!300!1200*Q==379ֆ໊5*Qन९թ==ֆ໊*G(Q)=2!300!1200!5+1200!20=1,897+1200!2012
ቔູ JIT ࠹߃֥၂҆ٳđ܄ඳ༐ຬିܔࡨഒ60%֥९թb൞ሙСൈࡗႋھေࡨഒ؟ഒđҌ҂߶ᄹࡆӮЧĤֆ໊Q=379()=152JIT ૌေG(152) = 1897+ 1200x20bK!hQG(Q)=+!c+Q2 ၹՎK!12005!152G(152)=+1200!20+=1897+1200!201522ჭ!K= ሙСൈࡗ= / 300=ཬൈbࠧğሙСൈࡗсྶՖ1ཬൈࡨഒ֞ཬൈbႵཋളӁੱ ڸࡆࡌഡğ 5. Ӂၛ ֥؇ളӁP>!९թ I(t)ོੱ=∀!!H=Q(1∀)Pོੱ=P∀!ൈࡗ tQT=1P߭ܤğ၂୍ଽ֥ᇛ௹ඔ!/Q =QT=न९թ = H/2!13
ૄ୍܋࠹ӮЧđG(Q) G(Q) = רܓӮЧ + ֆ໊ӮЧ + թԥӮЧ!!Q(1∀!/P) `` =K()+Qc()+H()QQ2' (h=h(1∀!/P))!Q'=K()+!c+h()Q2!G(Q)=0!Q2K!*'∀Q=ֆ໊đ h=h(1∀!/P)h'২ֆ໊Ĕ୍!=24,000 ````c = `ჭ /ֆ໊ ````K = ჭ/רֆ ````h = `ჭ/୍ Ӂၛૄᄅ3,000ֆ໊֥؇ളӁbၹՎP=3,000∀12=36,000>! ᄵ'h=h(1!∀/P)=(1!24000/3600)0=!24,000*ֆ໊Q==2,
ਈᅼ२ଆ ֆ໊ӮЧ၇ঠႿרܓ֥ඔਈ Q ਆᇕᅼ२ଆğ෮Ⴕֆ໊ᅼ२ބᄹحᅼ२ ২၂`෮Ⴕֆ໊ᅼ२ֆ໊Ĕ୍!=600ჭĔרֆK=8Ĕ୍I=20% ᅼ२ܿ߃h=Icჭđೂݔğ.2!=Œ?0!Q!∃!ჭđೂݔğ.2!=Œ?c=
෮Ⴕࠊᅼ२All-Unit Quantity DiscountsӮЧ/ֆ໊ሹਘӮЧ$3$$,00010,0005,00010,000רܓਈרܓਈG(Q)G(Q)0G(Q)1G(Q)2Q־ᄹᅼ२רܓӮЧݦඔ16
ш࠽ֆ໊ඔਈᅼ२ӮЧ/ֆ໊ሹਘӮЧ$3$$,00010,0005,00010,000רܓਈרܓਈࢳݖӱ** 1. ۴ऌᅼ२ܿ߃ᇏ֥ֆ໊ӮЧđ࠹ෘ` ބQG(Q)G(Q) 2. ࠹ෘૄ۱ᅼ२ሇᅼ֥ׄ 3. Ֆ 1 ބ 2 ᇏ࿊ᄴቋࡄרܓਈ ๙ӈđቋႪࢳ൞ቋն֥ॖൌགྷ֥EOQđࠇᆀ൞նႿEOQ֥ଖ၂۱ሇᅼׄb17
!8!600*Q==400c=Œ?*G(Q)=2K∀h+∀cG(400)=2!8!600!+600!=204Œ?2!8!600*c=Œ?Q==*` = 406 ҂ॖྛđၹູ406![500,1000]Q*҂ॖྛ2Q=414c=Œ? !hQG(Q)=+!c+Q2Q=5008!!500G(500)=+600!.29+==10008!!1000G(500)=+600!.28+= 3. ቋႪࢳ൞רܓ Q = 500ֆ໊ ᇿၩğၹູᄝֆ၂ᅼ२౦ঃ༯đc҂൞৵࿃ݦඔđ෮ၛૌсྶॉ੮ሇᅼׄb18
২ė`ᄹحᅼ२!=600K=8I=20%1,…,500 (0) ∃!Ֆ500,…,1000 (1)c= (2)∀ࢳݖӱ1.࠹ෘ C(Q) = c x Q, ၛࠣc = C(Q) / Q2. ࡼc = C(Q) / Q`սೆ G(Q), ࠹ෘૄ۱ࡎ໊֥ቋཬQᆴ3. Ֆ 2 ᇏ࿊ᄴቋݺ֥רܓਈb ᇿၩğૌѩ҂ླေᄝՎॉ੮ሇᅼׄđၹູ־ᄹᅼ२౦ঃ༯đc ൞৵࿃ݦඔb∀c(Q)=c!Q֒(0)∃0<Q!500! !!(1)=150+(Q%500)=5+
c(Q)!c=Q(0)֒0<Q! ∃!֒500<Q!1000(1)=+5/Q#!+15/Q֒(2)1000<Q∀K!hQK!IcQGcĎ(Qčսೆh=I)=+!c+=+!c+Q2Q2K!c(Q)c(Q)Qčսೆc=c(Q)/QĎ=+!()+I()QQQ2c(Q)c==!600QG(Q)=+600!+!!0Q24800=+180+(Q)∀48000=0!+=02dQQ4800(0)!Q=!Q=400ֆ໊(400)=+180+!400=204ჭ040020
c(Q)c==+5/QQ8!600QG(Q)=+600!(+5/Q)+!(+5/Q)!0Q248003000=+174+++.5QQ7800=++(Q)∀78001=0!+=02dQQ7800(1)ֆ໊!Q=!Q=(519)=++!519=ჭ1519c(Q)c==+15/QQ(2) Ⴈোර֥ٚم֤ԛ Q =702đ҂ॖྛ b ၹՎđቋႪࢳູğၛჭĔֆ໊֥ቋۚӮЧࡎרܓ 400 ֆ໊b21
؟۱Ӂ֥ਈקܓ ୍ླਈ!=12,00;0!=1,200;!=120LMH ܋ᄎൻٮႨ K = 4,000 Ӂ۲ሱרܓӮЧK=1,00;0K=1,00;0K=1,000LMH թԥӮЧ, h= ֆ໊ӮЧC=1,000;C=1,000;C=1,000LMH২č؟Ӂ৫ਈרܓაෂĎ רܓᇕӁL, M, H!=12,000;!=1,200;!=120 ୍ླਈ,LMH רܓӮЧ, K = $4,000 (ᄎൻӮЧ) Ӂห൹רܓӮЧ, K = K = K = $1,000LMH ୍թԥӮЧ, h = ֆ໊ӮЧ, C = C = C = $500LMH22
২č؟Ӂ৫ਈרܓაෂĎ ؓ۲ӁٳљႋႨ EOQ ܄ൔLMH୍ླਈ12,0001,200120רܓܥקӮЧ$5,000$5,000$5,000ቋႪרܓඔਈ1,095346110ᇛ௹९թ54817355୍թԥӮЧ$ 54,772$ 17,321$5,477רܓੱ / ୍ /୍ ྒ௹ྒ௹ྒ௹୍؇ӮЧ$109,544$34,642$10,954ࠢӮğٳљ৫רܓ۲۱ӁLitepro Medpro Heavypro ????12,000 1,200 120 ?????$5,000 $5,000 $5,000 ? ?????1,095 346 110 ? ???? / ? /? /? ????$109,544 $34,642 $0,954 ሹӮЧ = $155,14023
Ӂ৳ކרܓބෂ Ֆ২ᇏđೂݔૌކѩ۱Ӂ֥רֆđૌ֤֞* ૄֆܥקרܓӮЧ, K= K + K + K + K = $7,000LMH ഡ n ູ၂୍ଽרֆඔਈđૌႵ* ୍؇רܓӮЧ= Kn!hC/2n+!hC/2n+!hC/2n୍؇թԥӮЧ =LLMMHH୍؇ሹӮЧ` =`୍؇רܓӮЧ` +`୍؇թԥӮЧ!hC/2n+!hC/2n+!hC/2n*LLMMHHn = *2K২čӁ৳ކרܓބෂĎ* Ֆ܄ൔ , n = ୍؇רܓӮЧ = (7,000) = $68,250୍؇թԥӮЧ= 61,512 + 6,165 + 615 = $68,278୍؇ሹӮЧ = $136,528LMH୍ླਈ12,0001,200120ቋႪרܓਈ1,ᇛ௹९թਈ୍թԥӮЧ$61,512$6,165$615नੀൈࡗ ྒ௹ྒ௹ྒ௹24
ປಆᆜކğ৳ކרܓ෮ႵӁLitepro Medpro Heavypro ????12,000 1,200 120 ???? ? ? ? ?????1,230 123 ?????$61,512 $6,151 $615 ୍؇רܓӮЧ = ×$7,000 = $68,250୍؇ሹӮЧ = $136,528ෂٚൔॖ࿊ ᆜކ:۲Ӂֆෂ ປಆᆜކğૄਇӚෂ෮ႵӁ ࿊ᄴྟᆜކğૄਇӚ࿊ᄴ҆ٳӁᆜކෂ25
࿊ᄴྟᆜކğႵ࿊ᄴྟ֥רܓӁሰࠢ ҄ᇧ1: ಒקרܓՑඔቋَ֥Ӂ ҄ᇧ2: ಒקఃӁרܓੱ֥Ӱࠒ ҄ᇧ3: ᇗྍ࠹ෘቋَרܓӁ֥ੱ ҄ᇧ4: ಒק෮ႵӁ֥רܓੱ২ (ห࿊Ӂሰ֥ࠢ৳ކਈרܓބෂđӁሰࠢෛרֆэ߄) ߭ි` K = $4,000, K = K = K = $1,000LMH Ֆ২,`ૌႵ n = , n = , n = ഡ n = n = ၹູ L ൞ቋَרܓ֥ӁL!hCMM= ,n = n = , m = n / n = , m = n / n = , m= = 2m= = 5M L ၹՎđM ૄۯ၂۱רܓᇛ௹ࣼרܓđط Lૄ5۱ᇛ௹רܓ26
২ (ห࿊Ӂሰ֥ࠢ৳ކਈרܓބෂđӁሰࠢෛרֆэ߄) ۴ऌ֩ൔđ ᇗྍ࠹ෘרܓੱ∀hC!iin==(K+K/m)!ii ၹՎ, n = , n = / 2 = , n = / 5 = ሹרܓӮЧ= nK + nK + nK + nK= $61,650LLMMHH ࿊ᄴྟᆜކ: רܓห࿊ӁሰࠢLitepro Medpro Heavypro ????12,000 1,200 120 ???? ? ? ? ?????1,111 222 56 ?????$55,556 $11,111 $2,778 ୍רܓӮЧ = $61,560୍؇ሹӮЧ = $131,00427
ӁหקרܓӮЧ֥႕ཙ ??????????????= $1000 ??= $3000 ???$155,140 $183,564 ????$136,528 $186,097 ?????$131,004 $165,233 Ֆᆜކᇏ࿐֥֞ ᆜކ܄ඳࡨഒרܓਈ֥նཬđط҂сᄹࡆӮЧ ೂݔӁหקרܓӮЧᆺ൞ሹܥקӮЧ֥ཬ҆ٳđᄵປಆᆜކ൞Ⴕི֥ ೂݔӁหקרܓӮЧᅝऌሹܥקӮЧն҆ٳđᄵ࿊ᄴྟᆜކ൞Ⴕི֥28
ིࠛܙğႨႿ؎९թ֥ܵႵིྟ Ⴈડၩ؇:Backorder ֥ඔਈग़ු ९թᇛሇੱInventory turnover (I)t I = ളӁሹحThroughput/९թਈInventoryt = ൲ԛӁ୍֥؇ӮЧ/न९թሧ ९թ฿ඔDays of inventory: གྷႵ९թॖ܂ႋཧ൲ਈ֥௹ຬ฿ඔඔਈᅼ२Quantity Discounts ࠎႿਈ čLot-size basedĎ෮Ⴕࠊᅼ२ All unitsш࠽ࠊᅼ२ Marginal unit ࠎႿಸਈ(Volume based) ઙٚೂޅّႋĤ ೂޅҌ൞ൡၒ֥ᅼ२ҦĤ29
෮Ⴕࠊᅼ२All-Unit Quantity Discounts ॉ੮ࡎ۬ၹđᄝq đqٓຶଽޙਈEOQii+1ೂݔ q ≤ EOQ < q , ޙਈקܓEOQ֥ӮЧii+1ೂݔ EOQ < q, ޙਈקܓq֥ӮЧiiೂݔ EOQ ≥ q ,ޙਈקܓq֥ӮЧi+1i+1 ޙਈ෮Ⴕࡎ۬ٓຶଽ֥ቋཬӮЧш࠽ֆ໊ඔਈᅼ२ ॉ੮ࡎ۬ၹđᄝq đqٓຶଽޙਈEOQii+12∀(K+!)qVCiiiEOQ=hCiೂݔ q ≤ EOQ < q , ޙਈקܓEOQ֥ӮЧii+1ೂݔ EOQ < q, ޙਈקܓq֥ӮЧiiೂݔ EOQ ≥ q ,ޙਈקܓq֥ӮЧi+1i+1 ޙਈ෮Ⴕࡎ۬ٓຶଽ֥ቋཬӮЧ30
ູહေοඔਈᅼ२Ĥ ܂ႋ৽ᇏ֥ކቔӁഅ߄Ӂ֥ླ౷ཌචܱٚඥοඔਈᅼ२Ӂഅ֥ކቔ K = $100, h = , C = $3RRR K = $250, h = , C = $2SSSਬ൲അ֥ቋႪਈնཬ= 6,324 ਬ൲അ֥ӮЧ = $3,795; ܂ႋഅӮЧ= $6,009܂ႋ৽ӮЧ = $9,804 ! = 120,000 /୍31
