3Cਬ൲അഅြଆൔ࣮:՜ཧაસၞٚൔࢌ႕ཙ ;ᅋေ:苏宁a国美两大3C零售商商业模式的变迁,是问题的来源.考察一个由生产商和零售商组成的供应链系统,生产商和零售商之间的战略博弈,并分析谈判力对博弈的影响.发现:首先,只有两种模式是有效率的,这两种模式的共同特点是在供应链成员中,一方完全控制市场而另一方作为合同的领导者决定利润的分配.不管是生产商还是零售商当其处于强势地位时,更愿意完全控制市场.结论为苏宁a国美商业模式的选择,转型的合理性提供了理论证明.ܱՍ:供应链;战略决策;批发价合同;收益共享合同;促销0 ႄ ބਆࡅϏ္Ґ౼ਔਬӌഅ՜ཧჴଆൔ.ݓૅაݚغaӉޞa༆ሰa෬ୄa٦০௵֩؟ࡅളᇏݓਆն3C(ࡅaଷa๙)ࡅ৵෭ਬӁഅదרਔЇཧקᇅކ.්ୡഅြଆൔ֥ؿᅚ൲ఒြ ්ୡaݓૅഅြଆൔ֥э߄ఓؿਔ໙োරႿݓૅ֥ؿᅚݖӱ.༐ຬႨקਈٳ༅֥ٚمี֥࣮໙ี.ݓૅࡹႿ1987୍,ᄝ2009୍ႏ߭ճၛ༯໙ี.ြ൬ೆູ16ၡૅჭ,ႚႵ1170ࡅਬ൲.ֻ၂,ູહ්ୡބݓૅ߶ҐႨჰট֥അြݓૅቋᄪ֥അြଆൔູ:ݓૅձࡹ၂,ႄࣉളଆൔ?ӁഅӁࣉྛսཧ,ളӁഅஊሁ՜ཧჴᄝՎڵᄳֻؽ,2005୍ݓૅ֥∀ਬ՜ཧჴ࠹߃∀ູહཟཨٮᆀࡩބཧ൲Ӂ,ݓૅοᅶܥק֥Ϥٳ߶൳֞ളӁഅַ֥ᇅ,ၛാϧۡᇔ?2007୍ູбࡼཧ൲ح߃२ູሱ֥࠭০.2005୍ݓૅ൮Ցહ߶ᇗྍൌീ!ਬ՜ཧჴ࠹߃∀?ิԛ!ਬ՜ཧჴ࠹߃∀,ࠧౢࠇ൬щӌഅ֥՜ཧჴ,ᄥ֞ਔളӁഅַุ֥ࠢᇅ,ቋᇔ٢ఙֻ,ູહ්ୡބݓૅ߶ڿэჰট֥അြ.2007୍5ᄅݓૅଟࠢၡۖჭऍحሧࣁ,ݓૅሹҊଆൔູྍ֥അြଆൔ?ӧཫቔԛཌྷႋࢳ,ՎՑݓૅൎഈቋնܿଆ֥෮࣮֥໙ีᇶေބඹ۱ٚ૫Ⴕܱ.൮༵აଟሧॉ੮՜ཧၹ֥܂ႋ৽थҦࠣླྀטཌྷܱ໓ངႵ,ቋᇶေ֥ଢ֥ᄝႿრڿэଢభݓૅԮ֥അြଆൔ,ᇶေࣉྛਆཛэ۪,၂൞Ϥ۽ӱ.ܱᄝ܂ႋ৽֥ܵཌྷܱ࣮ᇏ,ၛສႵޓ؟໓ང,ࠧᄝݓૅ౼ཨӌࡅ՜ཧჴ;ؽ൞Їཧקᇅᄝॉ੮՜ཧၹ༯,ॉҳ܂ႋ৽ӮჴೂޅथҦၛ,ݓૅࡼᇯ҄აӌࡅదרЇཧקᇅކቔླྀၰ.2007୍11ࠣೂޅഡ࠹Ⴕི֥ކ܂ႋ৽Ӯჴ֥थҦൌགྷᄅླྀט.໓ང[1-3]नॉҳਔ၂۱ളӁഅބਆ۱ਬ,ݓૅᄝഈݚਆࡅྍषછӆ ྷࡅ߸3Cބ௵תଲਫ਼ᇏ౼ཨਔࡅஇ֥՜ཧჴ,ಆ҆൲അቆӮ֥܂ႋ৽༢,ਬ൲അᆭࡗ๙ݖਬ൲ࡎఓႨݓૅ֥ཧ൲սі.ݓૅࠫࡅཐۖބ٤ࡎ۬ၹ,ೂ൲ުڛༀaܼۡ֩൭؍ࣩᆚ൧ӆ
2 2011୍4ᄅླ,࣮ളӁഅೂޅླྀטఃٳཧ౻֡ࠇླྀטਬฌѵ۬(Stackelberg)Ѱᒮ൞ቋູӈ.֥ೂᄝ໓൲അᄝ՜ཧഈ֥ሧ.໓ང[4-5]ॉҳ၂۱ളӁངW[17-18]engनೂՎࡌഡ.൞,ᄝޓ؟ྛြਬ൲അބ၂۱ਬ൲അቆӮ֥܂ႋ৽༢,ਬ൲അ૫ؓഅэ֤ᄀটᄀ఼൝,ೂ໓ངMessingerބNarasim ෛࠏླ,ᄝਬ൲അॖၛ࿊ᄴ՜ཧ୭৯่֥ࡱ༯[19][20],han,Carstensen,ၛࠣRajuބ[21]Zhangᆷ࣮ਔ܂ႋ৽ླྀט໙ี.ݓ࿐ᆀ္ᄝॉ੮༯Ⴓԛ,ਬ൲അႚႵਔ۷఼֥ซି৯.ၹՎᄀটᄀ؟՜ཧ୭৯֥౦ࣟ༯,࣮ਔഈႳࣉྛླྀט֥҂֥໓ངष࣮ᄝ܂ႋ৽ᇏ҂֥ซ৯ࢲܒೂކࠏᇅഡ࠹໙ี,ॖҕ໓ང[6-8].֩ߎႵޅ႕ཙ܂ႋ৽Ӯჴ֥थҦၛࠣ܂ႋ৽ི֥ࠛ.၂ུ࿐ᆀ࣮ਔ܂ႋ৽ߌ༯ކቔܼۡ՜ཧथҦC[22]hoiॉ੮Ⴎਆ۱ളӁഅބ၂۱ਬ൲അቆӮ֥ࠣླྀט໙,ีॖҕ໓ང[9-12]֩.ၛഈᆃུ໓܂ႋ৽༢,ѩٳ༅ਔᇕ҂ซ৯ࢲܒ:ളӁངᇗܱׄᇿᄝॉ੮ਬ൲അ՜ཧࠇކቔ՜ཧ༯֥܂അᇶ֥֝ථฌѵ۬(Stackelberg)Ѱᒮ,ਬ൲അᇶႋ৽ླྀטࠣ܂ႋ৽ི֥ࠛ,ط܂ႋ৽ླྀט҂൞ܱ֥֝ථฌѵ۬Ѱᒮ,ၛࠣซ৯ཌྷ֥֒ବѰᒮ.ᇿ֥ᇗׄ.ᄝଆᇏ,՜ཧႮളӁഅࠇਬ൲അଖ၂࣮ࢲݔіૼӮჴซ৯ཌྷ֥֒౦ঃ༯,ཌྷؓႿٚิ܂.ཌྷ֥࣍໓ངᇏ,ྸૼߩ֩[13]ॉ੮ਔႮ၂ਸ਼ຓਆᇕ౦ঃनࠆ֤۷؟০.C[22]hoi֥۽ቔФ۱܂ႋഅބ၂۱ਬ൲അቆӮ֥܂ႋ৽༢ᇏ[23],ڛTrivediᄝॉ੮ਔႮਆ۱ࣩᆚྟ֥ളӁഅބਆༀ֥ิ܂ࠇᆀႮఃᇏ၂۱Ӯჴิ܂,ࠇᆀႮૌ۱ࣩᆚྟ֥ਬ൲അቆӮ֥༢౦ঃ༯ࣉ၂҄ധೆ܋ิ܂.ᄝؿࡎކ༯,ࠎႿڛༀิ܂ᆀ֥҂࣮.ErtekބG[24]riffnՖ܂ႋ৽֥ܵ࢘؇ॉ੮,ٳљ࣮ਔᄝStackelbergބNashѰᒮᇏ܂ႋਔ҂ซ৯ࢲܒ༯܂ႋ৽༢ི֥ࠛ.ݓଽഅބਬ൲അ֥थҦ.ᄝᄎቔܵҪ૫ॉҳਔؿݽ֩[25]࣮ਔ҂ซ৯ࢲܒ༯(ᇅᄯഅᇶ֝aࡎބ൬ၭ܋ཚਆোކ෮սі֥ਆᇕ҂સၞٚ߭൬അᇶ֝aԼᆰବनޙ)֥٬ࣸӁ߭൬ᄜൔ,ᄝᅞܵҪ૫,ࠎႿ܂ႋ৽Ӯჴ֥҂ซᇅᄯ໙ี.ᄝၛഈ໓ངᇏ,ᇶေܱᇿ֥൞ఒြᄝᄎ৯ॉ੮ਔ҂ѰᒮࢲܒؓᅞѰᒮनޙ֥႕ཙ.ቔܵᇏซ৯֥҂ࢲܒ.ᇗܱׄᇿఒြᄝᅞა۽ቔཌྷֻܱ֥ؽ۱ٚཟ൞ॉ੮ؿࡎކथҦഈ֥ซ৯.XiaބG[26]ilbert)ა࣮ቋູބ൬ၭ܋ཚކ༯֥܂ႋ৽ܵ໙.ีWangࢤ࣍,ૌॉҳ၂ളӁഅބ၂ਬ൲അቆӮ֥༢,֩[14]ॉ੮ਔ၂۱ളӁഅބਬ൲അቆӮ֥܂ႋ৽ളӁഅളӁਆᇕॖၛཌྷูս֥അ,ѩ๙ݖਬ༢,ളӁഅބਬ൲അᆭࡗదר൬ၭ܋ཚކ,ః൲അࣉྛཧ൲.ളӁഅ֥थҦა໓ᅣཌྷර,ಒק൞ᇏਬ൲അ൮༵ಒקఃაളӁഅ൬ၭٳཚ֥б২,ሱദิ܂ڛༀߎ൞ຓЇ۳ਬ൲അิ܂ڛༀ.طਬෛުളӁഅಒקളӁ֥ඔਈބਬ൲ࡎ.ૌᇶေ൲അ֥थҦ൞ೂޅקࡎ,৳ކקࡎߎ൞ٳषקࡎ.ٳ༅܂ႋ৽ᆜุࠣః܂ႋ৽Ӯჴི֥ࠛ.Gerchakૌᄝᄎቔܵᇏᇔࡌഡ൞ളӁഅਵ֥֝ථฌބW[15]angॉҳਔႮ؟۱܂ႋഅބ၂۱ളӁഅቆѵ۬Ѱᒮ,൮༵ಒקӁ֥ؿࡎ.ѩીႵॉ੮સӮ֥၂ል༢ѩٳ༅ਔ૫ؓෛࠏླ౦ঃ༯,ၞކ࿊ᄴ໙.ีਆᇕ҂ކ༯༢ࠣӮჴ֥ࠛ.ི၂ᇕ൞܂ႋቋު,ა࣮ཌྷֻܱ֥ඹ۱ٚཟ൞ܱႿഅြഅܵ९թ༯֥൬ၭ܋ཚކ(ა൬ၭ܋ཚކଆൔ֥קਈ࣮[27].Bonaccorsi֩ҐႨൌᆣ࣮ཌྷර);၂ᇕ൞ؿࡎކ.ݓଽౕङङ[16]֩ᄝࠎ֥ٚم,ᄝטҰਔၩն০146ࡅೈࡱఒြ֥ࠎԤႿؿࡎ֥۬҂קࡎಃ֥ԛؿ,ٳљٳ༅ਔ܂ഈٳ༅ਔೈࡱྛြᄝष٢ჷս(OS)Мࣟ༯֥ႋ৽Ӯჴᄝؿࡎކބ࠷թކ༯֥थҦѩࣉഅြଆൔ.Kind֩[28]ॉҳਔૂุྛြഅြଆൔ,ྛਔбࢠ.ᄝၛഈ֥໓ངᇏ,ླ၂Ϯࡌഡູაࡎקਈٳ༅ਔૂุྛြ֥൬ೆࠧॖটჷႿଽಸิ܂ܱ۬ࠇࡎ۬၇ঠ֥ෛࠏླ,ᇶေܱᇿ҂ކഅ,ႻॖটჷႿଽಸרᄇᆀ,ࠇච֥ٚჰၹ.ݓଽ༯܂ႋ৽ི֥ࠛ.ᄝଆᇏ,ླ҂ࣇ၇ঠႿࡎჰ[29]ᆷԛਬ൲അഅြଆൔᇶေॖၛٳູՖܤ,۬طა՜ཧ୭৯ཌྷܱ.ܱᇿ֥ᇗ္ׄ٤܂ႋ৽ग़aࠄϴaሱദ࿙ࡎᆴᇕো,ѩ۳ԛਔࡥֆི֥ࠛ໙.ี֥קਈܱ༢૭ඍ.ᇶေॉҳ3Cਬ൲ྛြ֥അြა࣮ཌྷֻܱ֥۱ٚཟടࠣఒြ֥ซଆൔ࿊ᄴބሇэ໙ี,Ֆંഈࢳਔ3Cਬ൲
ֻ4௹ 3 ऍሧࣉྛܼۡ՜ཧ,ఃଢ֥҂ࣇࣇ൞ิۚଢభ֥1 ଆ ླ,ط۷ᇗေ֥൞ࡹ৫இྙའ.ᄝ්ୡބݓ,ૅჰഅြଆൔ༯,ളӁഅ߶ஊయ՜ཧჴ.ၹॉ੮Ⴎ၂۱ളӁഅބ၂۱ਬ൲അ෮ቆӮ֥܂ՎಪູളӁഅႵಃ০࿊ᄴႮජิ܂՜ཧ.ਸ਼၂ٚႋ৽૫,ਬ൲അᆰࢤ૫ؓཨٮᆀ,ཌྷؓႿളӁഅطႚ,ࡌഡචٚनູڄགᇏྟ.ളӁഅၛ၂קӮЧളӁ၂Ӂ,ѩ๙ݖਬ൲അࣉྛཧ൲.ᄝൌᇏႵ۷؟֥ླྐ༏.২ೂ,ູਔᄹࡆӁ֥؟ဢ,Їཧބսཧ൞ളӁഅބਬ൲അᆭࡗӈႨ֥ਆᇕસ,ྟਬ൲അсྶႄࣉྍӁ,ਬ൲അॖၛႨ൬ၭၞٚൔ܋ཚކࡨഒྍӁ֥ڄག.طؓႿཧਈݺ֥Ӂ.ᄝЇཧٚൔ༯,ളӁഅބਬ൲๙ӈదרؿࡎކ(price onlycontract),ᆃোކᄝᄎቔ,ਬ൲അ۷჻ၩႨؿࡎކ,ၹູᆃဢਬ൲֥ܵ໓ངᇏၛࠣൌᇏႨ٤ӈܼٗ.ᄝഅॖၛ॥ᇅਬ൲ࡎ,ࠆ֤۷؟০.ၹՎ,ࡌഡਬؿࡎކ༯൲അႵಃ০࿊ᄴҐႨޅᇕસၞކ.ളӁഅބਬ,ളӁഅ൮༵ಒקؿࡎw,ਬ൲അෛުಒקਬ൲ࡎp.սཧસၞٚൔ༯,ളӁഅބਬ൲൲അ֥Ѱᒮೂі1෮ൕ.അ๙ӈదר൬ၭ܋ཚކі1 ᅞѰᒮ(revenuesharingTable1Thestrategicgame]contract),B[30olenᄝᇏབྷ༥ࢺകਔᆃᇕࢌၞٚൔManufacturer(M)Manufacturer(R).ᄝ൬ၭ܋ཚކ༯,ਬ൲അ൮༵ಒקૄֆ໊Ӂ֥ཧ൲حᇏਬ൲അٳӮб২ ,ෛުളӁഅRetailer(P)(!MP,!MPm)(!RP,!RPrm)rಒקӁ֥ਬ൲ࡎRetailer(S)(!MS,!MS!RSrm)(!RS,rm)p.ູਔᄹࡆӁ֥ླ,ఒြສສླေؓӁࣉྛ՜ཧ,ః՜ཧሧsॖၛႮ ႨM(R)іൕളӁഅ(ਬ൲അ)ӵք՜ཧളӁഅࠇਬ൲അটӵք.ླ࠻၇ঠႿӁ֥ਬሧ;P(S)іൕਬ൲അაളӁഅᆭࡗదרؿࡎ൲ࡎ(൬ၭ܋ཚ)સၞކটཧ൲Ӂ;ᆃဢࣼթᄝඹ,္၇ঠႿ՜ཧ୭৯֥ሧඣ.ၹՎࡌഡླູਬ൲ࡎބ՜ཧሧඣ֥ݦඔ,D(p,s)=ᇕ܂ႋ৽ࢲܒ:MP,MS,RP,ބRS.২ೂ,MPіൕD- 0ps.ఃᇏ,D0іൕమᄝ֥൧ӆܿଆ, ൞ླളӁഅӵք՜ཧሧ,ਬ൲അაളӁഅదרؿ֥ࡎ۬ྟᆷඔ, ᆴᄀնіൕླؓࡎ۬ᄀૹࡎކ.Ⴎభॖᆩ,්ୡބݓૅჰ֥അြଆൔູۋMS,གྷࢨ؍അြଆൔᇯ҄ሇູRP..֒0< #1ൈھӁ൞ྟ,֥֒ >1ൈ,ھӁ൞ऎႵࡎ۬ྟູ֥ਔٚьު໓ؓᅞѰᒮࣉྛٳ༅,൮༵ॉ,ᇶေܱᇿऎႵࡎ۬ྟ֥Ӂ,ၹՎࡌഡ >1.ൈ ൞ླؓ՜੮ളӁഅބਬ൲അ֥ቋႪّႋ.ཧሧ֥ྟᆷඔ,ླෛሢ՜ཧሧඣ֥ᄹࡆطᄹࡆ.ࣉ၂҄ࡌഡ0< <1,іൕླෛ՜2 ܂ႋ৽ӮჴቋႪᅞ࿊ᄴཧሧඣ֥ш࠽־ࡨིႋ.܂ႋ৽ӮჴनႚႵ҆ٳᅞथҦಃ,၂ٚ ਬ൲അ֥ቋႪᅞ࿊ᄴ(ളӁഅࠇਬ൲അ)Ⴕಃ০࿊ᄴ՜ཧิ܂ٚ,طਸ਼൮༵টॉҳ,֒ളӁഅิ܂՜ཧൈ,ਬ൲അᄝ၂ٚႵಃ০࿊ᄴસၞކٚൔ.ᆃဢ,ਆ۱܄ඳᄝؿࡎસၞކބ൬ၭ܋ཚસၞކࡗ֥࿊ᄴ?ᅞഈཌྷቔႨ,ࣉط႕ཙؿࡎaਬ൲ࡎa൬ၭၹՎླေॉ੮ၛ༯ਆᇕ܂ႋ৽ࢲܒ.ٳཚб২a՜ཧሧ֩ᄎቔथҦ.ၹՎ,ӫՎѰᒮ 生产商提供促销及批发价合同(MP)ູᅞѰᒮ.ᄝඔ࿐ഈ,ၛഈਆᇕ౦ঃ֥ٳ༅൞၂ᄝՎ౦ࣟ༯,ളӁഅᆰࢤཟཨٮᆀࣉྛ՜ཧ.ဢ֥,ၹՎࣇॉ੮ఃᇏ၂ᇕ:ളӁഅႵಃ০࿊ᄴ൞ਬ൲അაളӁഅదרؿࡎކ.ളӁഅቔູਵႮളӁഅߎ൞Ⴎਬ൲അิ܂՜ཧ,ਬ൲അႵಃ০֝ᆀ൮༵ಒקӁ֥ؿࡎw,ൈಒק՜ཧ࿊ᄴ൞దרؿࡎކߎ൞൬ၭ܋ཚކ.ᄜᄵ,ሧඣs,ਬ൲അቔູ۵ෛᆀ,ᄝܴҳ֞ളӁഅ֥ၛഈॉ੮֥ᆃ၂ᅞѰᒮ္൞ކ.֥ᄝൌᇏ,ളؿࡎၛࠣ՜ཧሧඣᆭ,ުಒקӁ֥ਬ൲Ӂഅбਬ൲അ۷ਔࢳሱ֥࠭Ӂ,ളӁഅ՜ཧॖࡎ.ളӁഅބਬ൲അቋն߄ሱദ০,ളӁഅބਬ
4 2011୍4ᄅࠣଢѓݦඔೂ༯෮ൕၹູਬ൲അ൞ਵ֝ᆀ,ၹՎླေ൮༵ࢳथളstage1:max!MPm(p,w,s)=(w-c)D(p,s)-sӁഅ֥ቋႪّႋҦ.ᄝਬ൲അၩ۳ק֥ ༯,w,sstage2ॖၛ֤ളӁഅ֥ቋႪਬ൲ࡎथҦMSpၛࠣቋႪ:max!MPr(p,w,s)=(p-w)D(p,s)pႨཟ݂ବمၛࠣቋႪ߄่ࡱ,ޓಸၞ֤՜ཧሧඣथҦMSsԛMS,ؓႿၩ۳ק֥wބs,ᄝֻؽࢨ؍ਬ൲അ֥p( )= cّႋູ(1- ,)( -1)1 (4)MS -1s( 1 -1M cP w)= -p(w,s)= (1)-1 D0c(1- )( -1)ႮՎॖֻ֤၂ࢨ؍ളӁഅ֥໙ีູၹՎ,Ⴎ෮֤֥MSp( )ބMSS( ),ਬ൲അ֥໙ีॖіඍູmax!MPm(ww- ,s)=(w-c)D 0s-sw,s -1mMSMSax!( ) r( )=(2)(1- S) ޓಸၞॖᆩളӁഅ֥ቋႪ߄໙ีູᆃဢ,ਬ൲അቋႪҦູmax!MPPm(w,s)=maxmax!Mm(w,s).w,sws MS1- = (5)ॖᆩ,!MPm(w,s)൞ܱႿs֥χݦඔ,ၹՎؓႿၩ۳ק֥w,ളӁഅቋႪ֥՜ཧሧඣູ๙ݖࡼ MSսೆ֞(4),ॖ֤ଆMS༯ఒြ֥नޙҦၛࠣनޙҦ༯֥ླ,܂ႋ৽Ӯჴ1 MP -1 w -1s(w)=1(3)֥০ॖҕі2ֻ3ণ. D0(w-c)( -1)і2 ଆMPބMS֥नޙࢲݔࣉطTable2EquilibriumresultsofthemodelsMPandMS !MP1 -1m(wMP,s(w))=1- ( D1- 0)∃MPMS -11 2c 2cp2 (w-c)1- w -1( -1)( -1)( + -1)ࣉط๙ݖࢳ:max!MPm(wMP,s(w)),ॖ֤֞ളӁw -11 2c -11 2c അቋႪ֥ؿࡎູs( -1 D) -1()(0c( -12) D) -1(0c( ) -1+ -1)( -1)wMP c=1- w/ c-1 -1 ࡼwMPսೆ֞ൔ(3)ၛࠣൔ(1),ޓಸၞॖᆩቋႪ֥՜ཧሧඣࠣਬ൲ࡎ.ၛࠣनޙҦ༯֥ླD -1 -1sMPsMS c c,܂ႋ৽Ӯჴ֥০ॖҕі2ֻ2ণ. 生产商提供促销和收益共享合同!1- MP1- MSm s s(MS)ᆃᇕ౦ࣟ༯,՜ཧಯಖႮളӁഅิ܂,ਬ൲അބളӁഅదר൬ၭ܋ཚކ.ᄝ൬ၭ܋ཚކ! MP (1- )MSssr ( -1) ( + -1)༯,ਬ൲അቔູਵ֝ᆀ,൮༵ཟഈႳളӁഅิ܂၂۱ཧ൲൬ೆٳཚླྀၰ,ૄֆ໊Ӂ֥ཧ൲حᇏਬ Ⴎі2ॖ֤֒ളӁഅิ܂՜ཧൈ,ਬ൲അ֥൲അٳӮб২ູ ,ളӁഅٳӮб২ູቋႪᅞथҦ.1- .ളӁഅቔູ۵ෛᆀ,ಒקӁ֥ਬ൲ࡎpၛࠣ՜ཧק1 !MSr>!MPr.֒ളӁഅิ܂՜ཧൈ,ਬሧඣ൲അ۷჻ၩ࿊ᄴ൬ၭ܋ཚކ༯֥սཧસၞs.ളӁഅބਬ൲അ֥थҦඨࠣଢѓݦඔೂ༯ٚൔ.ᆣૼ Ⴎі2ॖᆩ,!MSr/!MPr=(1-stage1:m ax!MSr(p,s, )= pD(p,s)stage2:max!MS -1 + -1)( ) -1.ླေᆣૼ!MSr>!MPr,ࠧ֩ࡎm(p,s, )=[(1- )p-c]∃p+ -1,sD()Ⴟᆣૼ
ֻ4௹ 5 !ICr2ণ.f1( )=ln!IE=ln(1- + -1)+ 零售商提供促销以及收益共享合同(RS) -1ᄝՎ౦ࣟ༯,ਬ൲അބളӁഅదר൬ၭ܋ཚln >0+ -1࠷൲સၞކ.ਬ൲അቔູਵ֝ᆀཟ܂ႋഅิ܂ؓݦඔf1( )֝ॖᆩ၂۱ཧ൲൬ೆٳཚླྀၰ,ૄֆ໊Ӂ֥ཧ൲حᇏਬ൲അٳӮб২ູ ,ളӁഅٳӮб২ູ1- .f%1( -1)=n>0(1- 2l) + -1ൈਬ൲അཟཨٮᆀิ܂՜ཧ,ၹՎಒק՜ཧሧၹՎf1( )൞ܱႿ ֥۬ᄹݦඔ.ႮႿඣs.ളӁഅቔູ۵ෛᆀ,ಒקӁ֥ਬ൲ࡎ(0)=0,ၹՎॖᆩ,ؓႿၩ֥ (0< <1),ളӁഅބਬ൲അ֥थҦඨࠣଢѓݦඔೂ༯෮ൕႵf1( )>0.ᆣи.stage1:m ax!RSr(p, ,s)= pD(p,s)-sק,s1іૼ֒ളӁഅิ܂՜ཧሧൈ,ཌྷؓႿؿࡎކ༯֥Їཧસၞٚൔ,൬ၭ܋ཚކstage2:max!RSm(p,s, )=((1- )p-c)D(p,s)p༯֥սཧસၞٚൔ߶۳ਬ൲അջট۷؟֥০ဢႮཟ݂ବބቋႪ߄่ࡱॖᆩ,ؓႿ.ؓႿਬ൲അ,࿊ᄴ൬ၭ܋ཚކ֥սཧٚൔॖၛၩ۳ק֥ ބs,ളӁഅᄝֻؽࢨ؍ቋႪّႋູࠆ֤༵Ⴊ൝,ၹՎ߶ࠆ֤۷ն֥০( c,s)=(9)(1- )( -1)ࢤ༯টॉҳ,֒ਬ൲അิ܂՜ཧൈ,ਬ൲അႋᆃဢᄝֻ၂ࢨ؍ਬ൲അ૫֥ؓ໙ีູھ࿊ᄴؿࡎЇཧસၞކߎ൞൬ၭ܋ཚսཧસၞކ?ၹՎૌླေॉ੮ၛ༯ਆᇕ܂ႋ৽ࢲܒmax!RS c( ,s)=D0∃ r.,s(1- )( -1) 零售商提供促销及批发价合同(RP) - c Վ౦ࣟ༯,՜ཧႮਬ൲അӵք,ਬ൲അބളӁ s-s(10)(1- )( -1)അᆭࡗదרؿࡎކ.ളӁഅ൮༵ಒקؿࡎႮቋႪྟ่ࡱ,ॖ֤ਬ൲അ֥ቋႪҦູ1w2 ,ಖުਬ൲അथקӁ֥ਬ൲ࡎp,ၛࠣ՜ཧሧඣs.ളӁഅބਬ൲അܒӮථฌѵ۬ RS12RS) -1= ,s=( -1c -1 D20c ( -1)(Stackelberg)Ѱᒮ,ളӁഅބਬ൲അ֥थҦඨॖ֤ଆRS༯ఒြ֥नޙҦၛࠣनޙҦ༯ࠣଢѓݦඔೂ༯෮ൕ֥ླ,܂ႋ৽Ӯჴ֥০ॖҕі3ֻ3ণ.і3 ଆRPބRS֥नޙࢲݔstage1:max!RPm(w,s)=(w-c)D(p,s)wTable3EquilibriumresultsofthemodelsRPandRSRPRSstage2:max!RPr(p)=(p-w)D(p,s)-sp,sRPRSဢႮཟ݂ବمၛࠣቋႪྟ่ࡱॖᆩ,ᄝ ( - )c 2c۳קളӁഅ֥ؿࡎҦ༯,ֻؽࢨ؍ਬ൲ഈ֥p( -122)( -1)ّႋູ( -12)1 ( - )c ( -12)1 2c s(-1 D) -1() ( -1RPw0c( - )( -12) D() -120c )( -1)p(w )= -11 (6)w/ ( - )1RP -1 -1 w -1 -1 s(w)= D0w -1ᆃဢളӁഅᄝֻ၂ࢨ؍૫֥ؓ໙ีູD( -1)2MP( -1)2RS sc( - ) c smax!RPwm(w)=(w- -1RPc)s(w)(7) w!(1- )( -1)RP -1RSm ( - s) sޓಸၞॖ֤֞ളӁഅቋႪ֥ؿࡎҦ!1- RP1- RSwRP( - )c= (8) sr s-1ॖ֤ଆRP༯ఒြ֥नޙҦၛࠣनޙҦႮі3ॖ֤ೂ༯ק
6 ܵ ॓ ࿐ ࿐ Б2011୍4ᄅ൲അ۷჻ၩ࿊ᄴؿࡎކ༯֥Їཧસၞٚൔ.સၞٚൔ༯,ളӁഅ۷჻ၩሱ࠭ิ܂՜ཧ.ᆣૼᆣૼ Ⴎі2ބ3,ॖᆩ Ⴎі3,ॖ֤!RSr/!RP -1r=( ) -1.- ႮႿ!MS -1 -1m/!RSm=(1- -1) >1ၛࠣ -10< <1,ॖᆩ + -1 -1 >1,<- -1 - =+ -11- 1- (1- )0.ၹՎ!RSr!RP<1Ӯ৫.ᆣи. -1rקᆣૼ!MS2ඪૼ֒ਬ൲അཟཨٮᆀิ܂՜ཧൈm>!RSmӮ৫,ࠧ֩ࡎႿᆣૼ,ਬ൲അொݺؿࡎކ༯֥Їཧસၞٚൔ.֒ਬ!MSmf4( )=ln!RS=ln(1- )+൲അิ܂՜ཧൈ,ਬ൲അ࿊ᄴؿࡎކ༯֥Їm1- ∃ཧસၞٚൔ,ཌྷؓႿ൬ၭ܋ཚކ༯֥սཧસၞ ln + -1 + - ln ٚൔ1- >0-1,ෙ٢ఙਔ༵Ⴊ൝,ࠆ֤ਔؓ൧ӆᆰࢤಆ૫֥॥ᇅಃ,ၹՎିࠆ֤۷؟০f4( )ؓ ֝ॖ֤. ളӁഅ֥ቋႪᅞᅞ࿊ᄴf4%( 1)=2( + -1ln +( -1)∃ᄝഈ၂ཬࢫᇏ,ॉҳਔᄝളӁഅᅞ۳קൈ(1- ),ਬ൲അ֥ቋႪᅞ࿊ᄴ.ၛ༯ਆ۱ק۳ԛਔᄝ (1- 2) ln +-1 )+ -1ਬ൲അ֥ᅞ۳ק่ࡱ༯,ളӁഅ֥ቋႪᅞ =h4( )/(1- 2)ّႋ.ఃᇏק3 !RPm>!MPm.ᄝؿࡎસၞކ༯,ളӁഅ۷჻ၩಞਬ൲അิ܂՜ཧ+ -1 h4( )= ln +( -1)ln +.-1ᆣૼ Ⴎі2ބ3,ॖᆩ,!RPm/!MPm=(1- 2) -1 -1 - -1 + -1 .ၹູ >1ࠣ0< <1,ॖ- h4( )ؓ ֝ॖ֤ ᆩ -1 -1 2-3 (1- )+(1- 2), <0.ၹՎ -1,- <1ࠣ h% >( )=-1 - ( + 2>0-1) Ⴟ൞ॖ֤ - -1ޓಸၞᆩ֡ 2-3 (1- )+(1- 2)൞ ֥ >1.ࠧ:!RPm/!MPm=ᄹݦඔ,ᄝ =1ൈ,౼֤ቋնᆴ 2,ᄝ =0ൈ౼ -1 -1 - -1֤ቋཬᆴ 2-3 +1.ࢤ༯টᆣૼh4( )>0. >1.ᆣи.- ק3іૼᄝؿࡎކ༯,ਬ൲അิ܂՜1)֒ &3+5, 2-3 +1&0,h4( )൞2ཧൈ,ିູളӁഅջট۷؟֥০.ؿࡎކ༯,ਬ൲അิ܂՜ཧൈ,ਬ൲അॖၛປಆᆰࢤ॥ᇅ ∋[0,1]֥ᄹݦඔ.ॖᆩ -1h4(0)=ln +൧ӆླ,طႮളӁഅิ܂՜ཧൈ,ਬ൲അᆺି॥1ᇅ႕ཙ൧ӆླ֥҆ٳэਈ.Ֆі2ބ3ॖၛ֤֞ ,൮༵ᆣૼ-1RPRPs>sၛࠣDRP>DRP.ࠧᄝؿࡎކ༯ -11,ਬln൲അิ܂՜ཧཌྷؓႿളӁഅิ܂՜ཧط,ਬ൲ + >0, >1-1അ჻ၩᄝ՜ཧഈሧ۷؟ၹູ,ջট۷؟֥൧ӆླ -111.(ln + )%=--1 ( 2<0ࢤ༯টॉҳᄝ൬ၭ܋ཚކ༯,ളӁഅބ֥-1)ᅞ࿊ᄴ.ࠧؓଆൔMSބRSࣉྛбࢠ,ཌྷܱࢲંၹՎ -11ln + ൞ ֥ࡨݦඔ.-1ೂ༯ק.MSRS൬lim -11{ln+}=0
ֻ4௹ङ֩:3Cਬ൲അഅြଆൔ࣮:՜ཧაસၞٚൔࢌ႕ཙ 7 ၹՎ -11ၹՎਬ൲അഅ൞ਵ֝ᆀ.ln + >0,ࠧh4(0)>0.Ⴛၹູ-1ᄝളӁഅቔູਵ֝ᆀ֥ථฌѵ۬Ѱᒮᇏ,ളh4( )൞ ∋[0,1]֥ᄹݦඔ,ၹՎh4( )>0.Ӂഅ൮༵थҦ൞ሱ࠭ิ܂՜ཧߎ൞ਬ൲അิ܂՜2ཧ,ਬ൲അܴҳ֞ളӁഅ֥ᅞथҦު,ᄝؿࡎ)֒ <3+52, -3 +1<0,h24( )ᄝસၞކބ൬ၭ܋ཚસၞކᇏቓԛ࿊ᄴ.ᄝਬ *3-5=1- ౼֤ቋཬᆴ൲അቔູਵ֝ᆀ֥ථฌѵ۬Ѱᒮ,थҦඨაభ2ཌྷّ.ᄝЧࢫᇏ,࣮ᆃᇕ҂֥Ѱᒮ,ܱᇿ҂ -3-5 ซ৯ࢲܒؓᅞथҦ֥႕ཙ.*2 h4( )= ln +( -1)ln֒ളӁഅބਬ൲അซ৯ཌྷ,֒ൈ࿊ᄴ +-1ૌᅞथҦൈ,Վᅞनޙೂ༯ק3-52( )ק5 ֒ളӁഅބਬ൲അൈ࿊ᄴૌᅞ25-1 = -1 -1(5-2+ln-2 ln )थҦൈ,ՎᅞनޙູMSࠇRP. 3-5- 2ᆣૼ Ⴎק2ࠣ3,ॖᆩ,!RPr>!RSrࠣ!RPm>!MPႮႿm,ၹՎRP൞၂ବनޙ.xlnx൞ܱႿx֥ᄹݦඔ,֒ <3+5ൈ,2ဢႮק1ބ4,ॖᆩ!MSr>!MPrࠣ!MSm> -15-1 <.ၹՎ!RSm.ᆃဢMS္൞၂ବनޙ.2ؓളӁഅط,֒ਬ൲അ࿊ᄴؿࡎસၞކ5-1 -1 -1ൈ,ളਬ൲അิ܂՜ཧ,ཌྷؓႿሱ࠭ิ܂՜ཧ5-2+ln-ln2 >5-2+ିࠆ֤۷؟֥০(ק3).ൈ,ؓਬ൲അط5-15-15-1,֒ളਬ൲അิ܂՜ཧൈ,ਬ൲അ࿊ᄴؿࡎસln-ln>0222ၞކ,ཌྷؓႿ࿊ᄴ൬ၭ܋ཚસၞކିࠆ֤۷ၹՎ,֤ԛೂ༯ࢲંh4( )&h4( *)>0.؟֥০(ק2).ၹՎ,ਬ൲അิ܂՜ཧ,Ⴎၛഈ1)ބ2),֤ԛh4( )>0.ၹՎ,ؿࡎસၞކ(RP)ӮູਔളӁഅބਬ൲അᅞf%4( )=h2( )/(1- 2)>0.ᆃၩሢf4( )൞Ѱᒮ֥नޙҦ.ဢ,ؓളӁഅط,֒ਬ൲അܱႿ ֥ᄹݦඔ.ႮႿf4(0)=0,ၹՎ,ؓႿၩ࿊ᄴ൬ၭ܋ཚસၞކൈ,ളӁഅሱ࠭ิ܂՜֥0< <1,ॖ֤ԛf4( )>0.ᆣи.ཧ,ཌྷؓႿਬ൲അิ܂՜ཧିࠆ֤۷؟֥০ק4ඪૼᄝ൬ၭ܋ཚކ༯,ളӁഅᇔ(ק4).ൈ,ؓਬ൲അط,֒ളӁഅሱิ჻ၩሱ࠭ิ܂՜ཧ,ളӁഅᄝ൬ၭ܋ཚކ༯,ሱ܂՜ཧൈ,ਬ൲അ࿊ᄴ൬ၭ܋ཚસၞކ,ཌྷؓႿ࠭ิ܂՜ཧൈॖၛᆰࢤປಆ॥ᇅഈӆླ,ၹՎ࿊ᄴؿࡎસၞކିࠆ֤۷؟֥০(ק߶࿊ᄴሱ࠭ิ܂՜ཧ.1).ၹՎ,ളӁഅิ܂՜ཧ,൬ၭ܋ཚસၞކ(MS)ӮູਔളӁഅބਬ൲അਸ਼၂ᅞѰᒮ֥न3 ܂ႋ৽ᇏᅞѰᒮٳ༅ޙҦ.ק5֥ࢲંіૼᆺႵଆൔRPބMS൞܂ႋࡌഡᅞथҦ֥ඨսі܂ႋ৽Ӯჴ҂֥৽Ӯჴॖྛ֥໗ק֥࿊ᄴ.ඪૼᆃဢ၂۱൙ൌ,ಞซ৯.၇ऌ໓ངC[22]hoi,ॉҳ܂ႋ৽Ӯჴࡗ၂ٚປಆᆰࢤ॥ᇅ൧ӆླطಞਸ਼၂ٚቔູਵ֝ᇕো֥ซ৯ࢲܒ.1)ବѰᒮ,܂ႋ৽ӮჴᆀथҦ০ٳ,ିູ܂ႋ৽Ӯჴࠣ༢ջট۷Ⴕཌྷ֥ซ৯,ၹՎളӁഅބਬ൲അൈ࿊ᄴ؟֥০.ᄝ්ୡބݓૅࡹ৫Ԛ௹,ݓૅa්ୡૌ֥ᅞथҦ;2)ളӁഅቔູਵ֝ᆀ֥ථฌѵଽ֥՜ཧದჴ၂ႮളӁഅஊయ,්ୡބݓૅ۬Ѱᒮ:ളӁഅཌྷؓႿਬ൲അႵࢠ఼֥ซ৯,ၹ๙ݖదר൬ၭ܋ཚކսཧളӁഅ֥Ӂ,ࠧഅՎളӁഅ൞ਵ֝ᆀ;3)ਬ൲അቔູਵ֝ᆀ֥ථฌြଆൔູMS,ႮၛഈࢲંॖᆩՎᇕଆൔ൞ކ
8 ܵ ॓ ࿐ ࿐ Б2011୍4ᄅൈ,ᄥ֞ളӁഅ֥৳ކַᇅ,ቋᇔၛാϧۡᇔ.ၹ ֥־ࡨݦඔ;֒ > 1ൈ,f6%( )൞ܱႿ ֥־ູݓૅࣇࣇࡼ՜ཧಃ఼ྛ౼,֤ѩીႵڿэაളӁഅᆭࡗ֥સၞކ,ಯಖҐႨ൬ၭ܋ཚކᄹݦඔ.ॖᆩf%6(0)=ln( -1)-ln( 1)+ .-1,ࠧՎൈ֥അြଆൔູRS.Ⴎഈٳ༅ॖᆩ,ᆃᇕഅࢤ༯টᆣૼf%6(0)>0.ႮႿြଆൔ൞҂໗ק֥,ၹՎݓૅᄝ2005୍֥!ਬ՜ -111(ln + )%=-0ཧჴ࠹߃∀ቋᇔാϧ-1 ( 2<-1).֤֥֞ᇗေࢲં൞,ᄝളӁഅބ܂ႋഅቆӮၹՎ -11,ln֥܂ႋ৽༢༯,ಞ၂ٚᆰࢤປಆֹ॥ᇅ൧ӆླ + ܱႿ ־ࡨ,ط-1 -11,طਸ਼၂ٚቔູਵ֝ᆀಒק০ٳ߶۳܂ႋ l(im{ln)৽Ӯჴࠣ༢ջট۷؟০.൞ഉໃ߭ճජႋ + }=0.ၹՎॖ֤,ؓႿၩ-1ھ॥ᇅ൧ӆ?ජႋھቔູਵ֝ᆀಒק০ٳ?ࡼ֥ >1,Ⴕln -1 +1 >0.ၹՎf6%(0)>0.-1ᄝၛ༯ਆ۱ק߭ճՎ໙ี.ႮႿf%6(0)>0f%6(1)=0.ᆃဢࣼթᄝື൮༵ॉҳളӁഅቔູᅞथҦਵ֝ᆀ,ਬ൲၂֥ *1< 1,֒ < *1ൈ,Ⴕf6%( )>0;֒ >അቔູ۵ෛᆀൈ,ᅞѰᒮ֥नޙႮၛ༯ק۳ԛ *1ൈ,Ⴕf%6( )<0.ᆃၩሢ,֒ < *1ൈ,.קf6( )ܱႿ ۬־ᄹ;֒ > *1ൈ,f6( )ܱႿ 6 ളӁഅбਬ൲അႵ۷఼֥ซ৯۬־ࡨ.ਸ਼ຓॖᆩf6(0)=f6(1)=0,ၹՎؓႿ,ࠧ൞ᅞѰᒮ֥ਵ֝ᆀൈ,MS൞ື၂֥ᅞनޙࢲݔၩ֥ ∋(0,1)Ⴕf6( )>0.ᆣ֤!MSm>!RPm..ᆣૼᆣи. Ⴎק1ᆩ,ೂݔളӁഅิ܂՜ཧ,ਬ൲അ࿊ᄴ൬ၭ܋ཚસၞކ߶ࠆ֤۷؟০ᄝЧࢫ෮ษં֥ᅞѰᒮᇏ,ളӁഅԩႿ.ࣉ၂҄Ֆק2,ॖᆩೂݔਬ൲അิ܂՜ཧ,ਬ൲ਵֹ໊֝,Ⴊ༵࿊ᄴᅞथҦ,ളӁഅࡼбࢠଆൔഅ࿊ᄴؿࡎસၞކ߶ࠆ֤۷؟০MSބRP,࿊ᄴॖၛࠆ֤ࢠ؟০၂ᇕ,ၹູ.ᆃဢླေᆣૼളӁഅᄝଆൔMSᇏбଆൔRPᇏࠆ֤ਔ!MSm>!RPm,ၹՎളӁഅ߶࿊ᄴሱ࠭ิ܂՜ཧ,ਬ۷؟֥০൲അቔູᅞथҦ۵ෛᆀ,ᆺି࿊ᄴ൬ၭ܋ཚસ.Ֆі2ބ3ॖᆩ - ၞކ.ၹՎ,ളӁഅิ܂՜ཧ,ਬ൲അ࿊ᄴ൬ၭ!MS -1 - -1m/!RPm= + -1 ܋ཚસၞކ,൞ളӁഅቔູᅞѰᒮਵ֝ᆀൈ-1MSື၂֥ᅞनޙࢲݔ.ᆣૼ!mln!RP>0,֩ࡎႿᆣૼ༯ൔ,f6( )=ࢤ༯টॉҳਬ൲അቔູᅞथҦਵ֝ᆀ,ളm Ӂഅቔູ۵ෛᆀൈ,ᅞѰᒮ֥नޙႮၛ༯ק[ln( + -1)-ln ]+( - )[ln( - )-ln( -1)]>( )ؓ ၂ࢨބؽࢨ֝ඔॖ۳ԛ.֤ק7 ਬ൲അбളӁഅႵ۷఼֥ซ৯,ࠧ൞ᅞѰᒮ֥ਵ֝ᆀൈ,RP൞ື၂֥ᅞf%6( )=ln( -1)-ln( - 1- )+ + -1नޙ.h( )ᆣૼ Ⴎק3,ॖᆩ֒ਬ൲അ࿊ᄴؿࡎf∗6( 6)=( - )( + 2-1)સၞކൈ,ਬ൲അิ܂՜ཧି۳ളӁഅջট۷ఃᇏ,h6( )= 2+3 -2 -2 +1.؟֥০.ൈ,Ⴎק4,ॖᆩ֒ਬ൲അ࿊ᄴ൬ॖᆩ >1,h6( )൞ܱႿ ∋[0,1]֥۬ၭ܋ཚસၞކൈ,ളӁഅ࿊ᄴሱ࠭ิ܂՜ཧି־ᄹݦඔ,ॖᆩh6(0)=-2 +1<0,طh6(1)=ࠆ֤۷؟֥০.ᆃླေᆣૼ,ؓႿਬ൲അط >0.ၹՎթᄝື၂֥ 1∋[0,1],h6( 1)=,ଆൔRPႪႿMS,ପહRPࣼ൞ਬ൲അ֥ቋႪ0.֒ < 1ൈ,h6( )<0;֒ > 1ൈ,h6( )>࿊ᄴ.Ֆі2ބ3ॖᆩ0 + -11- .ᆃၩሢ,֒ < 1ൈ,f∗6( )<0;֒ > 1!RP -1 -1/!MS + -1 -1
ֻ4௹ङ֩:3Cਬ൲അഅြଆൔ࣮:՜ཧაસၞٚൔࢌ႕ཙ 9 ေᆣૼ!RPrކӮູਔਬ൲അᇶ֥֝ᅞѰᒮ֥ື၂नޙ.r/!MSr>1֩ࡎႿᆣૼ!RPln!MS>r๙ݖбࢠק6ބק7ॖᆩ܂ႋ৽֥അြ0,ߐᆭ,f7( )=( + -1)[ln -ln( + -ଆൔ࿊ᄴ,აളӁഅބਬ൲അਬᅞथҦᇏ֥ซ1)]+( -1)[ln( -1)-ln( - )]>0.ؓ৯ཌྷܱ.֒ളӁഅऎႵ఼൝ֹ໊ൈ,൬ၭ܋ཚކf7( )ܱႿ ၂ࢨ,ؽࢨ֝ඔ༯ളӁഅิ܂՜ཧ൞ቋႪ֥ᅞनޙ;֒ਬ൲1- ऎႵ఼൝ֹ໊ൈ,ؿࡎ۬༯֥ਬ൲അิ܂՜f%7( )=ln -ln( + -1)+ - .ཧ൞ቋႪ֥ᅞनޙ.ᄝק5,ሹࢲԛ,ᄝളӁh7( )f∗7( )=അބ܂ႋഅቆӮ֥܂ႋ৽༢༯,ಞ၂ٚᆰࢤປ( + -1)( - 2)ᆃಆֹ॥ᇅ൧ӆླ,طਸ਼၂ٚቔູਵ֝ᆀಒק০,h7( )=- 2+3 -2 - +1.ॖᆩ,ؓႿၩٳ߶۳܂ႋ৽ࠣ༢ջট۷؟০.ජႋ >1,h7( )൞ܱႿ ∋[0,1]֥۬־ᄹݦඔ,ൈॖᆩھ॥ᇅ൧ӆ?ජႋھቔູਵ֝ᆀಒק০ٳ?ᆃh7(0)=-2 +1<0ط၂໙ีಯ҂ૼಒ,ק6ބק7іૼଖ၂ఒြႚh7(1)= -1>0.ၹՎթᄝື၂֥ 2∋(0,Ⴕࢠ఼֥ซ৯ൈ,ࡼ࿊ᄴປಆ॥ᇅ൧ӆླ1)h7( 0)=0.֒ < 2ൈ,h7( )<0;֒ >طಞਸ਼၂ٚቔູਵ֝ᆀಒק০֥ٳ.ᆃ၂ࢲ 2ൈ,h7( )>0.ᆃၩሢ֒ < 2ൈ,f∗7( )<0;ط֒ > 2ൈ,f7∗( )>0.္ࣼ൞ඪંඪૼ,ປಆ॥ᇅ൧ӆཌྷؓႿቔູᄎቔथҦ֥ਵ֝,֒ < 2,ᆀط۷ᇗေ.ؓၛഈקࣉྛሹࢲ֤ԛၛ༯ᇗေf%7( )൞ܱႿ ۬־ࡨ,֥ط֒ > 2ൈ,f7%( )൞ܱႿ ۬־ᄹ֥ܵࢳ:֒܂ႋ৽Ӯჴ֥ଖ၂ٚ(ളӁഅࠇਬ൲.֥അ)ႚႵࢠ఼֥ซ৯ൈ,۷ொݺႿປಆᆰࢤ֥॥ࣉ၂҄ॖᆩ1,f7%(0)=ln -ln( -1)- >ᇅ൧ӆ.0ູહ්ୡބݓૅڿэૌԮ֥അြଆൔ,ࢤ༯টᆣૼf%7(0)>0Ӯ৫.ၹູ(MS)ູഅြଆൔ(RP)?Ⴎק6ॖᆩ,֒ݓૅa 11්ୡ֥ളӁഅऎႵࢠ఼֥ซ৯ൈ,അြଆൔMS(ln --1 )%=- 2<0( -1)൞ݓૅa්ୡቋႪ֥࿊ᄴ.ק7ॖᆩ,֒ݓૅa්ၹՎ 1ln _ୡაఃളӁഅཌྷбऎႵࢠ఼֥ซ৯ൈ,അြଆ-1 ൞ܱႿ ־ࡨ֥,طൔRP൞ݓૅa්ୡ֥ቋႪ֥࿊ᄴ.ᄝݓૅa්ୡ 1Է৫ᆭԚ,ളӁഅ(ݚغaӉޞ)ཌྷؓႿݓૅa්ୡ l(im{ln) --1 }=0.ၹՎॖ֤,ؓၩ֥طԩႿ఼൝ֹ֥,໊ၹՎ්ୡaݓૅ࿊ᄴളӁഅ 1>1,ln --1 >0.ࠧᆣ֤f%7(0)>0.՜ཧ,൬ၭ܋ཚކቆӮ֥അြଆൔ(MS).ෛႮႿሢ,ݓૅa්ୡ֥ঔᅦ,ଢభ,ᄝಆݓਆնਬ൲അनf%7(0)>0ၛࠣf%7(1)=0.ၹՎթᄝື၂֥ *2< 2,֒ < *2ൈႵഈతࡅ,ఃซ৯֥Ⴊ൝ֹ໊ᇯࡶሇ၍֞,f%7( )>0;ط֒ > *2ൈ,f%7( )<0.ᆃၩሢ,֒ < *2ൈਔ්ୡބݓૅ.ਬ൲അषᄝ܂ႋ৽ᇏԩႿ఼൝,f7( )൞ܱႿ ۬־ᄹ;ط֒ > *ֹ໊.ၹՎ߶ҐႨRPഅြଆൔ.2ൈ,f7( )൞ܱႿ ۬־ࡨ.Ⴛၹູf7(0)=f7(1)=0,ၹՎॖ֤ؓႿၩ֥ ∋(0,1)Ⴕf7( )>0Ӯ৫,ᆃဢ4 ࢲඏეᆣ֤!RPr>!MSr.ᆣи.֒ਬ൲അ൞ᅞѰᒮ֥ਵ֝ᆀൈ,ቔູႪ්༵ୡaݓૅਆ۱ᇏݓЧ3Cਬ൲അഅြଆൔྛ֥ਬ൲അ߶ՖଆൔMSބRPᇏ࿊ᄴିሱ֥э߄൞Ч໓࣮Мࣟ,ᄝ܂ႋ৽֥ॿࡏ༯,๙ݖ࠭ࠆ০ቋ؟֥ᅞ.Ⴎၛഈᆣૼ,ॖᆩؓႿਬ൲അॉҳᅞथҦ֥ࢌ႕ཙটฐษഅြଆൔ֥࿊ᄴط,!RPr>!MSr,ၹՎਬ൲അ߶࿊ᄴؿࡎસၞࠣэ߄.ࢤ༯টሹࢲЧᅣ֥ᇶေࢲંࠣܵࢳ.ކᆃဢቔູ۵ෛᆀथҦ֥ളӁഅᆺି࿊ᄴਬ҂֥ᅞ࿊ᄴܒӮਔ҂֥അြଆൔၹ
10 ܵ ॓ ࿐ ࿐ Б2011୍4ᄅѰᒮٳ༅֤ԛᆺႵଆൔMS(ളӁഅ՜ཧࠣ൬ၭ֒ਬ൲അႵࢠ఼֥ซ৯ൈ,ଆൔRP൞ቋႪ֥܋ཚસၞކ)ބଆൔRP(ਬ൲അ՜ཧࠣؿࡎഅြଆൔ.ᆃဢ֤֞၂ᇗေܵࢳ:܂ႋ৽Ӯસၞކ)൞܂ႋ৽അြଆൔॖྛ֥࿊ᄴ.ఃᇗჴᇏ,ޅԩႿ఼൝֥၂ٚ۷჻ၩ॥ᇅ൧ӆ.ေ֥ܵࢳ:ູᄝളӁഅބਬ൲അቆӮ֥܂ႋෛሢ්ୡaݓૅᄀটᄀ఼ն,അြଆൔRPࡼ߶৽ᇏ,ಞ၂ٚປಆ॥ᇅ൧ӆ,ਸ਼၂ٚቔູਵ֝ᆀथ۷ܼ֥ٗႨ.ק০֥ٳିູ܂ႋ৽༢ࠣӮჴջট۷؟০ሹᆭ,ᄝଆᇏ,ކൡ֥അြଆൔ൞ಞӮჴ၂.ၹՎݓૅa්ୡᆺିՖᆃਆᇕଆൔᇏ࿊ᄴ.ൌٚປಆ॥ᇅ൧ӆطਸ਼၂ٚቔູਵ֝ᆀ॥ᇅ০ٳᇏ,ݓૅa්ୡቋᄪ࿊ᄴਔMS..൞ޅ၂۱܄ඳ۷჻ၩປಆ॥ᇅ൧ӆ.ࣉ၂҄,ູਔ߭ճູહݓૅa්ୡቋᄪ࿊ᄝЧ໓֥ଆᇏ,ॉ੮֥൞ಒק֥൧ӆླᄴMSطቋ࣍षሇэູႮଆൔRP?ႨᅞѰ,ଆॖࣉ၂҄ঔᅚ֞ෛࠏླ.ਸ਼ຓ࣮֥ᒮ֥ඨіൕ܂ႋ৽Ӯჴซ৯֥ཌྷ఼ؓ,ؓའ൞Ⴎ၂۱ളӁഅބ၂۱ਬ൲അቆӮ֥܂ႋᇗׄٳ༅ളӁഅႵಃ০࿊ᄴ՜ཧิ܂ٚ,ਬ൲৽༢,ᄝࣩᆚߌ༯,ೂളӁഅࣩᆚࠇਬ൲അഅႵಃ০࿊ᄴસၞކྙൔ.ؿགྷ֒ളӁഅႵࣩᆚࠣ܂ႋ৽ࣩᆚ,࣮Վ໙ีࡼ൞၂۱Ⴕၩࢠ఼֥ซ৯ൈ,ଆൔMS൞ቋႪ֥അြଆൔ.ၬ֥ٚཟ.ҕॉ໓ང:[1][J].MarketingScience,1998,17(4):338-355.[2]TsayA,[J].Manufacturing&ServiceOperationsMan agement,2000,2(4):.[3]XiaoTJ,YuG,ShengZH, manufacturerandtwo retailersunderdemandpro motionanddisruptionmanagementdecisions[J].AnnalsofOperationsResearch,2005,135:87-109.[4]Taylor,[J].ManagementScience,2002,48(8):992-1007.[5]KrishnanH,KapuscinskiR,[J].ManagementScience,2004,50(1):48-63.[6]ᅦऄਊ,ӧ ࡴ.ཧ൲അ֥୭৯႕ཙླэ߄֥܂ႋ৽֥ކჿ[J].ᇏݓܵ॓࿐,2004,12(4):, effortdependentde mand[J].ChineseJournalofManagementScience,2004,12(4):50-56.(inChinese)[7]ࠚཬ০.ϴෛཧ൲അ՜ཧ୭৯֥܂ႋ৽ఔჿഡ࠹[J].ᇏݓܵ॓࿐,2006,14(4):[J].ChineseJournalofManagementScience,2006,14(4):46-49.(inChinese)[8]ྷ ቋ,ᇫ֡৫,ᇫ໓.ཧ൲୭৯ඣ႕ཙླ౦ঃ༯֥܂ႋ৽߭ܓఔჿ[J].༢۽ӱંაൌ,2008,28(4):,iZhuDaol,[J].SystemsEngineering:Theory&Practice,2008,28(4):1-11.(inChinese)[9]YueJ,AustinJ,WangM, levelsupplychainwhenmanufactureroffersdiscount[J].EuropeanJournalofOperationalResearch,2006,168:65-85.[10]XieJ,[J].EuropeanJournalofOperation alResearch,2009,197(2):785-791.[11]ڰ ఼,ᄻඨ౬.҂ಒקླ༯܂ႋ৽ކቔܼۡაרࠊҦ֥Ѱᒮ[J].༢۽ӱંაൌ,2008,28(3):, certainty[J].SystemsEngineering:Theory&Practice,2008,28(3):56-63.(inChinese)[12]ޱЧႧ,மఃძ.ࠎႿܼۡ၂ؿ֥܂ႋ৽ކቔѰᒮٳ༅[J].ܵ॓࿐࿐Б,2008,11(2):61-70.
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ֻ4௹ݹ ႖,֩:ᆟکۄყaሧЧཟაࢲܒིੱ 73 getsineconomy,societyandpolitics,thispaperstudiesthecapitalallocation+sselectioneffectunderthegov :t(1)localgovernmenthasthemotivationtointervenestate ownedenter prisestoincreasethefixedassetinvestmen,tequitymergerandmonopolisticassetinvestmentandatthesametimetocutthetechnicalassetinvestmen;t(2)Intheregionwithgreaterdegreeofgovernmentintervention,thescaleofthefixedassetinvestedbytheenterprisesdirectlyunderlocalState ownedAssetsSupervision&AdministrationCommission(SASAC)increasesthemostandthefas;ttheequityinvestmentofenterprisesownedbyenterprisegrouphasthestrongestgrowthtrend;Theyarecloselyrelatedtothemotivationandtypeofthegovernmentintervention;(3)thestate ownedenterprisescanbreakthroughthelocalgovernment+scontroloverthemonopolisticresourcesmoreeasily;Buttheprivateenterprisesaremorelikelytobesqueezedoutbythegovernmentinthefieldofthemonopolisticresources;(4)thegovernmentinterventiononthecapitalalloca tionimpairstheinvestmentefficiencyfrombothaspectsoftheinvestmentscaleanddistribution;However,theprocessofmarketizationandinstitutionalizationcanobviouslyadjusttheboundaryandfunctionofthegovern vingtheefficiencyofGDP :governmentintervention;capitalallocation;structureefficiency;marketizationprocess(ഈࢤֻ11်)modelsof3Cretailersbystudyinginteractionoffirms++strate ,weshowthat(1)onlytwobusinessmodelareeffcientwhereonefirmholdsthefullcontroloverthemarketandtheotheristheleaderoftheotheristheleaderofcontrac,t(2)eithertheman ufacturerortheretailer, :supplychain;strategicdecision;price onlycontrac;trevenuesharingcontrac;tsales promotion14
